EP2516791B1 - Method for replacing a tunnel boring machine disk cutter, handling device and disk cutter suited to such a method - Google Patents

Method for replacing a tunnel boring machine disk cutter, handling device and disk cutter suited to such a method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2516791B1
EP2516791B1 EP10796346.4A EP10796346A EP2516791B1 EP 2516791 B1 EP2516791 B1 EP 2516791B1 EP 10796346 A EP10796346 A EP 10796346A EP 2516791 B1 EP2516791 B1 EP 2516791B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roller cutter
housing
wheel
handling device
roller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10796346.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2516791A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Noël Derycke
Sébastien RUBRECHT
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Bouygues Travaux Publics SAS
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Bouygues Travaux Publics SAS
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Publication of EP2516791A1 publication Critical patent/EP2516791A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • E21D9/104—Cutting tool fixtures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/12—Roller bits with discs cutters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
    • E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • E21D9/1013—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools on a tool-carrier supported by a movable boom
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/20—Roller bits characterised by detachable or adjustable parts, e.g. legs or axles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49815—Disassembling
    • Y10T29/49817—Disassembling with other than ancillary treating or assembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53991—Work gripper, anvil, or element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of replacing a tunnel burr wheel on the cutting head of a tunnel boring machine, and a device for handling the wheel and a wheel adapted to such a method.
  • a wheel is a cutting tool freely rotating on a shaft integral with the cutting head of a tunnel boring machine, see JP2007070825 or US4454923 .
  • the cutting head thus comprises a plurality of wheels distributed regularly on its surface.
  • the wheels are conventionally fixed in a housing on the cutting head by means of bolts.
  • the procedure of changing a wheel is to equip the wheel of lifting rings, to lift it with the aid of a hoist sliding along a rail, to load it on a carriage through the material airlock and back to the shield shield at atmospheric pressure.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to implement a wheel replacement method that can reduce or eliminate any human intervention when replacing a wheel.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a wheel that lends itself to such a method.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a device for handling the wheel adapted for the implementation of this method, in particular to prevent any loss of components.
  • the device for handling the knobs must be easy to clean and not contain water retention zones or mud.
  • this device must be able to be used in existing cutting heads without requiring modifications thereof.
  • said method is implemented in an automated manner by means of a mechanized system fitted to the device for manipulating the wheel.
  • the wheel integrally carries the elements that allow its locking and prestressing in the housing.
  • the wheel is held by the handling device via its locking member.
  • a second object of the invention is therefore a wheel adapted for implementing said replacement method.
  • the locking member of said wheel is adapted to be immobilized, so that the wheel forms a rigid block for handling.
  • the locking member comprises a bayonet movable in rotation between a position of insertion of the wheel in the housing and a locking position of the wheel in the housing.
  • the prestressing means of the wheel may comprise screws which are integrally carried by the wheel.
  • said screws for prestressing the wheel are preferably carried captively by the bayonet.
  • a third object of the invention is a device for handling the wheel in the implementation of said wheel replacement method.
  • said device further comprises cleaning means of the housing.
  • said device preferably comprises means of transport, docking and / or clamping on the housing by a robot.
  • a fourth object of the invention is a tunneling machine comprising a cutting head and a plurality of knobs as described above and housings integral with the cutting head, said housings bearing fingerprints for locking the knurls.
  • Said housings advantageously have imprints for docking and guiding a device for manipulating the wheel as described above.
  • the knurls and housings advantageously carry complementary respective bearing impressions for centering and guiding the wheel in the housing.
  • each wheel is installed in its case under a prestress which allows it to withstand the efforts it will undergo during cutting.
  • the housing is fixed to the cutting head, typically by welding.
  • integral is meant that the various elements allowing the locking and prestressing of the wheel in the housing may have relative movements relative to each other, but they remain mechanically connected to each other without natural possibility of seperation.
  • the rear face of the cutting head (that is to say, as mentioned above, by the face opposite to the cutting edge) is brought to the housing device for manipulating the wheel whose structure will be described below by means of an example.
  • the feeding of the handling device can be carried out semi-automatically by means of a hoist or in a completely automated way, thanks to a handling robot.
  • the handling device and the housing have respective fingerprints that cooperate to allow guiding and docking of the device, handling on the housing.
  • clamping elements for example of the handling device or the robot carrier are actuated to ensure the locking of the device on the housing.
  • these clamping elements may consist of movable quarter-turn retaining pins arranged on the handling device to retain adequate impressions provided on the housing.
  • the next step comprises gripping the locking member of the wheel by the handling device.
  • the handling device advantageously comprises a suitable gripping element which allows the gripping of the wheel by means of the locking member of the wheel.
  • this gripping element comprises jaws able to grip the locking member of the wheel and operable in rotation between a locking position and a unlocking position of the wheel .
  • the handling device as described above uses the locking member of the wheel for gripping thereof, it would also be quite possible that the wheel has separate means to fill these two functions, namely a locking member and a gripping interface.
  • the next step of the method comprises releasing said preload.
  • the device for manipulating the wheel thus comprises extraction elements (for example cylinders) which make it possible to exert the necessary extraction force.
  • extraction elements for example cylinders
  • the housing is cleaned, for example by jets of water at high pressure, so as to insert more easily the new wheel .
  • the handling device can be cleaned before reuse to set up a new wheel.
  • a new wheel is fixed (more precisely, its locking member in the case illustrated here, or its gripping interface when the locking member does not fulfill the gripping function of the wheel ) on the handling device by means of the gripping element mentioned above.
  • the wheel is manipulable, it is arranged to make them stand in relation to each other its various components to form a rigid block.
  • the wheel 1 is held by the handling device at the bayonet 4 (the handling device is not illustrated on the Figures 1B to 1F to allow better visualization of the various components of the wheel and the housing).
  • the handling device supporting the wheel is brought opposite the rear face of the casing 2.
  • the front face of the housing is defined as being the face of which opens the rotating part of the wheel to the cutting edge; the rear face of the housing is the opposite face, by which the wheel is inserted.
  • the housing 2 carries imprints (not shown here) that allow pre-centering and guiding, then clamping, the handling device.
  • impressions are for example male forms arranged on its outer walls, constituting guide rails which cooperate with complementary female shapes arranged on the handling device.
  • the handling device is clamped on it by its clamping elements.
  • the gripping element of the handling device is then advanced to insert the wheel 1 to the stop in its housing inside the housing 2.
  • the wheel is automatically centered relative thereto.
  • the shape of the indentations 20 is provided to provide bearing surfaces for the ends of the wheel shaft in the front portion of the housing.
  • the gripping element which holds the bayonet 4 is actuated in rotation towards the locking position of the wheel 1 in the casing 2.
  • the bayonet 4 is rotated 90 ° and is housed behind footprints 21 (also visible on the figure 6 ) provided in the housing 2, which has the effect of locking the knob in the housing.
  • the actuating member of the manipulation device actuates the prestressing means of the wheel to apply prestressing from the rear of the casing, this force being supported by the bearing surfaces 20 of the casing 2.
  • the application of the prestressing can be done by simply tightening the screws 5 in the crossbar 6, or, preferably, by the use of jacks between the crossbar 6 and the bayonet 4 followed by the abutment of the screws 5 in the crosses 6.
  • the procedure using the assembly wheel-handling device has the advantage to be able to be implemented by a mechanized device, which makes it possible to reduce or eliminate a long and painful human intervention.
  • the centering of the wheel in the housing is done automatically by the walls of the housing, which avoids the use of shims as in existing wheels.
  • the housing being devoid of threads, it presents little risk of damage, and requires little repair.
  • the housing can be placed on an existing cutting head without requiring special adaptation thereof.
  • the figure 2 illustrates the wheel 1 inside the housing 2, one of the side walls of the housing does not appear.
  • the wheel 1 is freely rotatable about a shaft comprising two ends 10 disposed on either side of the wheel.
  • the ends 10 of the shaft have for example a polygonal shape which allows their interlocking on two supports 7 having a complementary shape (octagonal on the example of the figure 2 ), to which they are fixed by screws.
  • Said supports 7 are connected by a crosspiece 6 which has a general shape of U.
  • the supports 7 are fixed to the cross-member 6 by screws 70 (also visible to the figures 3 and 5 ) placed at the four corners of it.
  • the wheel 1 integrally carries a locking member operable between a locking position where the wheel is fixed in the housing 2, and an unlocking position for insertion and extraction of the knob casing.
  • this locking member comprises a bayonet 4 which is mounted on the crosspiece 6 by a pivot connection about an axis 40.
  • the wheel also integrally carries prestressing means in the housing.
  • prestressing means are preferably irreversible mechanical members such as bolts and / or cylinders arranged between the locking member and the cross member of the wheel.
  • these prestressing means are screws 5 captively carried on the bayonet 4 and which, when screwed with a suitable torque, apply to the wheel locked in the housing the prestressing desired intensity.
  • these components can be immobilized relative to each other to form a rigid block for handling the wheel.
  • the bayonet 4 may use another locking principle that the bayonet 4, as long as the fasteners are integral with the wheel and can be a rigid assembly for handling the wheel.
  • the figure 9 illustrates an example of manipulation device 3 of the wheel.
  • the device 3 comprises a frame 31, which supports elements for its centering and then clamping on the housing.
  • the centering elements are for example shapes arranged on the frame which cooperate with complementary shapes of the housing, thus fulfilling a guiding function of the device relative to the housing.
  • the clamping elements comprise four pins 33 in the shape of a quarter circle, and movable in rotation.
  • These pins 33 are housed in grooves arranged on the housing so as to secure the frame 3 on the housing 2.
  • the device 3 also comprises an actuating member 36 housed in the frame 31.
  • the actuating member is movable in translation (by means of jacks 35) and in rotation with respect to the frame 31.
  • the device 3 further comprises a gripping element adapted to hold the wheel, and more particularly the locking member thereof.
  • the gripping element is mounted on the actuating member 36, and is thus operable both in translation to insert or extract the wheel from the housing and in rotation to lock or unlock the wheel in the housing.
  • the gripping element comprises jaws 34 adapted to grip the bayonet 4 of the wheel.
  • the jaws 34 may deviate a distance greater than the bayonet width to allow its gripping or release, and move closer to firmly hold the bayonet.
  • the jaws 34 are also rotatable at least a quarter of a turn between a position where the bayonet is in position allowing insertion of the wheel in the housing, and a position where the bayonet is in the locking position of the wheel in the housing.
  • the handling device 3 further comprises means for applying or releasing the prestressing at the wheel, which cooperate with the means for prestressing the wheel.
  • These means comprise screwing heads 32 connected to screwdriver bodies 37, mounted in the actuating member 36, and adapted to screw or unscrew the screws 5 for prestressing the wheel.
  • the device 3 furthermore comprises extraction elements of the wheel.
  • these extraction means are cylinders 35 arranged between the frame 31 and the actuating member 36.
  • the device 3 may also include any other component that the skilled person deems useful.
  • the housing comprises means (not shown) for cleaning the housing after extraction of the used wheel.
  • These means may consist in particular of jets of water at high pressure.
  • the frame 31 of the handling device is surrounded by a hoop 38 which is intended to be attached to a hoist (not shown).
  • the figure 10B illustrates for its part an embodiment of the handling device 3 intended to be mounted on the end portion of a robotic handling effector, which is preferably used for the operation of the tunnel boring machine.
  • This figure shows only a front plate 42 of the handling robot, which has a recess for receiving the handling device.
  • Said robot is notably animated with a translation movement in the axis of the housing, and has control means of the handling device.
  • the handling device 3 is connected to the plate 42 by a set 41 of hexapod-type cylinders, which makes it possible to bring the device 3 to lock it on the housing and then remove it.
  • the manipulation device which is illustrated is particularly adapted to the wheel shown.
  • this handling device may vary depending on the shape of the corresponding wheel, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Details Of Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention concerne un procédé de remplacement d'une molette de tunnelier sur la tête de coupe d'un tunnelier, ainsi qu'un dispositif de manipulation de la molette et une molette adaptés à un tel procédé.The present invention relates to a method of replacing a tunnel burr wheel on the cutting head of a tunnel boring machine, and a device for handling the wheel and a wheel adapted to such a method.

ARRIERE PLAN DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Une molette est un outil de coupe tournant librement sur un arbre solidaire de la tête de coupe d'un tunnelier, voir JP2007070825 ou US4454923 .A wheel is a cutting tool freely rotating on a shaft integral with the cutting head of a tunnel boring machine, see JP2007070825 or US4454923 .

Au cours de la rotation de la tête et sous l'action de la poussée, la molette roule sur le front de coupe et poinçonne la roche sous forme de plaques écaillées.During the rotation of the head and under the action of the thrust, the wheel rolls on the cutting edge and punches the rock in the form of flaking plates.

La tête de coupe comporte ainsi une pluralité de molettes réparties régulièrement sur sa surface.The cutting head thus comprises a plurality of wheels distributed regularly on its surface.

Les molettes sont classiquement fixées dans un boîtier sur la tête de coupe au moyen de boulons.The wheels are conventionally fixed in a housing on the cutting head by means of bolts.

Le problème du changement des molettes se pose particulièrement dans le cas de tunneliers à front confiné, puisque l'accès à la tête de coupe et aux fixations des molettes est difficile et que l'environnement de travail est en conditions hyperbares.The problem of the change of the knobs arises particularly in the case of tunneling with confined front, since the access to the cutting head and fixations of the knobs is difficult and that the working environment is in hyperbaric conditions.

Dans de tels tunneliers, le changement de molette est effectué, pour des raisons de sécurité, par l'arrière de la tête de coupe, c'est-à-dire du côté de la tête de coupe opposé au front de coupe.In such tunneling machines, the change of wheel is made, for security reasons, by the rear of the cutting head, that is to say on the side of the cutting head opposite to the cutting edge.

La procédure de changement de molette exige fréquemment d'exercer des efforts importants (coup de masse par exemple) pour décoller la molette usagée de son boîtier, en raison de coincements et de l'absence de guidage de la molette, ce qui est difficilement compatible avec un travail en conditions hyperbares.The procedure of changing the wheel frequently requires exerting significant efforts (ground stroke for example) to take off the used wheel from its case, due to jamming and the lack of guiding of the wheel, which is difficult to compatible with work in hyperbaric conditions.

A l'heure actuelle, la procédure de changement d'une molette consiste à équiper la molette d'anneaux de levage, de la lever à l'aide d'un palan coulissant le long d'un rail, de la charger sur un chariot traversant le sas matériel et de la ramener vers l'arrière à l'abri du bouclier, à pression atmosphérique.At present, the procedure of changing a wheel is to equip the wheel of lifting rings, to lift it with the aid of a hoist sliding along a rail, to load it on a carriage through the material airlock and back to the shield shield at atmospheric pressure.

Au cours du démontage, il est également nécessaire de collecter au fur et à mesure tous les éléments (cales, vis, boulons, etc.) nécessaires à la fixation de la molette et qui seront réutilisés pour le montage de la nouvelle molette.During disassembly, it is also necessary to collect all the elements (wedges, screws, bolts, etc.) necessary for fixing the wheel and that will be reused for the assembly of the new wheel.

Avant d'introduire la nouvelle molette dans son boîtier, il faut la positionner adéquatement, ce qui nécessite une intervention manuelle délicate.Before inserting the new wheel in its case, it must be positioned properly, which requires a delicate manual intervention.

Une fois la molette poussée vers sa position d'utilisation, on met en place plusieurs cales de blocage que l'on fixe au moyen de boulons.Once the wheel pushed to its position of use, it sets up several blocking wedges that are fixed by means of bolts.

On comprend donc que cette procédure est longue et pénible pour les opérateurs.We understand that this procedure is long and painful for operators.

Un but de la présente invention est donc de mettre en oeuvre un procédé de remplacement de molette qui permette de réduire, voire de supprimer, toute intervention humaine lors du remplacement d'une molette.An object of the present invention is therefore to implement a wheel replacement method that can reduce or eliminate any human intervention when replacing a wheel.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de proposer une molette qui se prête à un tel procédé.Another object of the invention is to provide a wheel that lends itself to such a method.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de procurer un dispositif de manipulation de la molette adapté pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, en permettant notamment d'éviter toute perte de composants.Another object of the invention is to provide a device for handling the wheel adapted for the implementation of this method, in particular to prevent any loss of components.

Egalement, le dispositif de manipulation des molettes doit pouvoir être nettoyé facilement et ne pas comporter de zones de rétention d'eau ou de boue.Also, the device for handling the knobs must be easy to clean and not contain water retention zones or mud.

Enfin, ce dispositif doit pouvoir être utilisé dans les têtes de coupe existantes sans nécessiter de modifications de celles-ci.Finally, this device must be able to be used in existing cutting heads without requiring modifications thereof.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTIONBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Conformément à l'invention, il est proposé un procédé de remplacement d'une molette montée avec précontrainte dans un boîtier solidaire de la tête de coupe d'un tunnelier, mis en oeuvre avec une molette portant solidairement un organe pour son verrouillage dans le boîtier et des moyens d'application de ladite précontrainte.According to the invention, there is provided a method for replacing a wheel mounted with prestress in a housing integral with the cutting head of a tunnel boring machine, implemented with a wheel integrally carrying a member for locking it in the housing and means for applying said prestressing.

Ledit procédé comprend les étapes de :

  1. a) retrait d'une molette usagée dudit boîtier, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    • bridage, sur le boîtier, d'un dispositif de manipulation adapté pour la préhension et le guidage de la molette,
    • préhension de la molette par le dispositif de manipulation,
    • libération de la précontrainte appliquée à la molette,
    • déverrouillage de la molette vis-à-vis du boîtier,
    • extraction de la molette du boîtier,
    • débridage du dispositif de manipulation du boîtier,
  2. b) mise en place dans ledit boîtier d'une molette de remplacement, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    • préhension de la molette par le dispositif de manipulation,
    • accostage puis bridage du dispositif de manipulation de la molette sur le boîtier,
    • introduction de la molette dans le boîtier, ladite molette étant guidée par le dispositif de manipulation,
    • verrouillage de la molette dans le boîtier,
    • application d'une précontrainte à la molette.
The method comprises the steps of:
  1. a) removing a used wheel from said housing, comprising the steps of:
    • clamping on the housing, a handling device adapted for gripping and guiding the wheel,
    • gripping the wheel by the handling device,
    • release of the preload applied to the wheel,
    • unlocking the wheel vis-à-vis the housing,
    • extraction of the knob from the case,
    • unclamping the device for handling the housing,
  2. b) placing in said housing a replacement wheel, comprising the following steps:
    • gripping the wheel by the handling device,
    • docking then clamping the device for manipulating the wheel on the casing,
    • introduction of the wheel into the housing, said wheel being guided by the handling device,
    • locking the wheel in the housing,
    • application of a preload to the wheel.

De manière particulièrement avantageuse, ledit procédé est mis en oeuvre de manière automatisée grâce à un système mécanisé équipant le dispositif de manipulation de la molette.In a particularly advantageous manner, said method is implemented in an automated manner by means of a mechanized system fitted to the device for manipulating the wheel.

Pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, la molette porte solidairement les éléments qui permettent son verrouillage et sa mise en précontrainte dans le boîtier.For the implementation of this method, the wheel integrally carries the elements that allow its locking and prestressing in the housing.

Ceci évite toute perte de composants lors de la manutention, du démontage et du remontage de la molette.This prevents any loss of components during the handling, disassembly and reassembly of the wheel.

Selon une forme d'exécution préférée du procédé, la molette est tenue par le dispositif de manipulation par l'intermédiaire de son organe de verrouillage.According to a preferred embodiment of the method, the wheel is held by the handling device via its locking member.

Un deuxième objet de l'invention est donc une molette adaptée pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé de remplacement.A second object of the invention is therefore a wheel adapted for implementing said replacement method.

L'organe de verrouillage de ladite molette est adapté pour être immobilisé, de sorte que la molette constitue un bloc rigide en vue de sa manipulation.The locking member of said wheel is adapted to be immobilized, so that the wheel forms a rigid block for handling.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, l'organe de verrouillage comprend une baïonnette mobile en rotation entre une position d'insertion de la molette dans le boîtier et une position de verrouillage de la molette dans le boîtier.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the locking member comprises a bayonet movable in rotation between a position of insertion of the wheel in the housing and a locking position of the wheel in the housing.

Les moyens de mise en précontrainte de la molette peuvent comprendre des vis qui sont portées solidairement de la molette.The prestressing means of the wheel may comprise screws which are integrally carried by the wheel.

Ainsi, lesdites vis de mise en précontrainte de la molette sont de préférence portées de manière imperdable par la baïonnette.Thus, said screws for prestressing the wheel are preferably carried captively by the bayonet.

Un troisième objet de l'invention est un dispositif pour la manipulation de la molette dans la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé de remplacement de molette.A third object of the invention is a device for handling the wheel in the implementation of said wheel replacement method.

Plus précisément, ce dispositif de manipulation comprend :

  • un élément de bridage sur le boîtier,
  • un élément de préhension de la molette,
  • des moyens de libération ou d'application de la précontrainte à la molette,
  • un élément d'extraction de la molette
  • un organe d'actionnement de l'organe de verrouillage de la molette.
More specifically, this manipulation device comprises:
  • a clamping element on the housing,
  • a gripping element of the wheel,
  • means for releasing or applying the prestress to the wheel,
  • a wheel extraction element
  • an actuating member of the locking member of the wheel.

De manière avantageuse, ledit dispositif comprend en outre des moyens de nettoyage du boîtier.Advantageously, said device further comprises cleaning means of the housing.

Par ailleurs, ledit dispositif comprend de préférence des moyens de transport, d'accostage et/ou de bridage sur le boîtier par un robot.Furthermore, said device preferably comprises means of transport, docking and / or clamping on the housing by a robot.

Un quatrième objet de l'invention est un tunnelier comprenant une tête de coupe et une pluralité de molettes telles que décrites ci-dessus et des boîtiers solidaires de la tête de coupe, lesdits boîtiers portant des empreintes pour le verrouillage des molettes.A fourth object of the invention is a tunneling machine comprising a cutting head and a plurality of knobs as described above and housings integral with the cutting head, said housings bearing fingerprints for locking the knurls.

Lesdits boîtiers présentent avantageusement des empreintes pour l'accostage et le guidage d'un dispositif de manipulation de la molette tel que décrit ci-dessus.Said housings advantageously have imprints for docking and guiding a device for manipulating the wheel as described above.

Enfin, les molettes et les boîtiers portent avantageusement des empreintes d'appui respectives complémentaires pour le centrage et guidage de la molette dans le boîtier.Finally, the knurls and housings advantageously carry complementary respective bearing impressions for centering and guiding the wheel in the housing.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description détaillée qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1A présente une molette dans un boîtier et un dispositif de guidage de la molette dans une situation de changement de molette,
  • les figures 1B à 1F illustrent les différentes étapes du procédé de montage d'une molette conformément à l'invention,
  • la figure 2 présente une molette en position dans son boîtier selon l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une vue de dessus d'une molette en position dans son boîtier
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon H-H de la molette et du boîtier illustrés à la figure 3,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon G-G de la molette et du boîtier illustrés à la figure 3,
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe selon A-A de la molette et du boîtier illustrés à la figure 3,
  • les figures 7A et 7B présentent le dispositif de manipulation de la molette, le boîtier et la molette en position respectivement insérée et sortie du boîtier pendant le cycle de remplacement,
  • la figure 8 présente une vue en coupe dans le plan longitudinal des objets illustrés à la figure 1A.
  • la figure 9 présente une vue en perspective du dispositif de manipulation de la molette (laquelle n'est pas représentée),
  • les figures 10A et 10B présentent respectivement un exemple de dispositif de manipulation monté sur un moyen de mise en place semi-automatisé et un exemple de
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the Figure 1A has a wheel in a housing and a device for guiding the wheel in a wheel change situation,
  • the Figures 1B to 1F illustrate the different steps of the method of mounting a wheel according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 has a wheel in position in its housing according to the invention,
  • the figure 3 is a top view of a wheel in position in its case
  • the figure 4 is a sectional view along HH of the wheel and the housing illustrated in FIG. figure 3 ,
  • the figure 5 is a sectional view according to GG of the wheel and the housing illustrated in FIG. figure 3 ,
  • the figure 6 is a sectional view along AA of the wheel and the housing illustrated in FIG. figure 3 ,
  • the Figures 7A and 7B present the device for manipulating the wheel, the casing and the wheel in position respectively inserted and output of the casing during the replacement cycle,
  • the figure 8 has a sectional view in the longitudinal plane of the objects illustrated in FIG. Figure 1A .
  • the figure 9 has a perspective view of the device for manipulating the wheel (which is not shown),
  • the Figures 10A and 10B respectively show an example of handling device mounted on a semi-automated positioning means and an example of

dispositif de manipulation monté sur la partie terminale d'un effecteur de manutention robotisée.handling device mounted on the end portion of a robotic handling effector.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Lors de la mise en service du tunnelier, chaque molette est installée dans son boîtier en étant soumise à une précontrainte qui lui permet de résister aux efforts qu'elle subira lors de la coupe.During the commissioning of the tunnel boring machine, each wheel is installed in its case under a prestress which allows it to withstand the efforts it will undergo during cutting.

De manière conventionnelle, le boîtier est quant à lui fixé sur la tête de coupe, typiquement par soudure.Conventionally, the housing is fixed to the cutting head, typically by welding.

Comme on le verra plus bas, la procédure de mise en place et d'extraction de la molette est facilitée par le fait que les éléments de verrouillage et de précontrainte sont solidaires de la molette.As will be seen below, the procedure of setting up and extracting the wheel is facilitated by the fact that the locking and prestressing elements are integral with the wheel.

Par « solidaires » on entend que les différents éléments permettant le verrouillage et la mise en précontrainte de la molette dans le boîtier peuvent avoir des mouvements relatifs les uns par rapport aux autres, mais qu'ils restent reliés mécaniquement les uns aux autres sans possibilité naturelle de séparation.By "integral" is meant that the various elements allowing the locking and prestressing of the wheel in the housing may have relative movements relative to each other, but they remain mechanically connected to each other without natural possibility of seperation.

Procédé de remplacement d'une moletteMethod of replacing a wheel

L'extraction d'une molette usagée de son boîtier est mise en oeuvre au cours des étapes suivantes.The extraction of a used wheel from its housing is implemented in the following steps.

Retrait d'une molette usagéeRemoving a used wheel

Dans un premier temps, on amène jusqu'au boîtier, par la face arrière de la tête de coupe (c'est-à-dire, comme on l'a dit plus haut, par la face opposée au front de coupe), un dispositif de manipulation de la molette dont la structure sera décrite plus bas au moyen d'un exemple.Initially, the rear face of the cutting head (that is to say, as mentioned above, by the face opposite to the cutting edge) is brought to the housing device for manipulating the wheel whose structure will be described below by means of an example.

L'amenée du dispositif de manipulation peut être effectuée de manière semi-automatisée au moyen d'un palan ou bien de manière totalement automatisée, grâce à un robot de manutention.The feeding of the handling device can be carried out semi-automatically by means of a hoist or in a completely automated way, thanks to a handling robot.

Le dispositif de manipulation et le boîtier présentent des empreintes respectives qui coopèrent pour permettre le guidage et l'accostage du dispositif, de manipulation sur le boîtier.The handling device and the housing have respective fingerprints that cooperate to allow guiding and docking of the device, handling on the housing.

Une fois en position, des éléments de bridage par exemple du dispositif de manipulation ou du robot porteur sont actionnés pour assurer le verrouillage du dispositif sur le boîtier.Once in position, clamping elements for example of the handling device or the robot carrier are actuated to ensure the locking of the device on the housing.

Comme on le verra plus bas, ces éléments de bridage peuvent consister en des pions de retenue mobiles d'un quart de tour agencés sur le dispositif de manipulation pour retenir des empreintes adéquates ménagées sur le boîtier.As will be seen below, these clamping elements may consist of movable quarter-turn retaining pins arranged on the handling device to retain adequate impressions provided on the housing.

L'étape suivante comprend la préhension de l'organe de verrouillage de la molette par le dispositif de manipulation.The next step comprises gripping the locking member of the wheel by the handling device.

A cet effet, le dispositif de manipulation comprend avantageusement un élément de préhension adapté qui permet la saisie de la molette par l'intermédiaire de l'organe de verrouillage de la molette.For this purpose, the handling device advantageously comprises a suitable gripping element which allows the gripping of the wheel by means of the locking member of the wheel.

II comprend en outre un organe d'actionnement adapté pour actionner le déverrouillage de la molette vis-à-vis du boîtier.It further comprises an actuating member adapted to actuate the unlocking of the wheel vis-à-vis the housing.

Par exemple, dans l'exemple de dispositif qui sera décrit plus bas, cet élément de préhension comprend des mors aptes à saisir l'organe de verrouillage de la molette et actionnables en rotation entre une position de verrouillage et une position de déverrouillage de la molette.For example, in the example of a device which will be described below, this gripping element comprises jaws able to grip the locking member of the wheel and operable in rotation between a locking position and a unlocking position of the wheel .

On notera que, si le dispositif de manipulation tel que décrit ci-dessus utilise l'organe de verrouillage de la molette pour la préhension de celle-ci, il serait également tout à fait envisageable que la molette présente des moyens distincts pour remplir ces deux fonctions, à savoir un organe de verrouillage et une interface de préhension.Note that if the handling device as described above uses the locking member of the wheel for gripping thereof, it would also be quite possible that the wheel has separate means to fill these two functions, namely a locking member and a gripping interface.

A ce stade, la molette est toujours en précontrainte dans le boîtier et verrouillée dans celui-ci.At this point, the wheel is always preloaded in the housing and locked in it.

L'étape suivante du procédé comprend la libération de ladite précontrainte.The next step of the method comprises releasing said preload.

A cet effet, lorsque cette précontrainte est assurée par des vis, le dispositif de manipulation de la molette dévisse lesdites vis.For this purpose, when this preload is provided by screws, the device for manipulating the wheel unscrews said screws.

On peut alors déverrouiller la molette vis-à-vis du boîtier, en actionnant l'élément de déverrouillage du dispositif de manipulation vers la position de déverrouillage de la molette.We can then unlock the wheel vis-à-vis the housing, by actuating the unlocking element of the handling device to the unlocking position of the wheel.

Pour que la molette soit manipulable pour son extraction, il est nécessaire que l'ensemble des éléments solidaires de la molette soient immobiles les uns par rapport aux autres pour former un bloc rigide.So that the wheel is manipulable for its extraction, it is necessary that all of the integral elements of the wheel are immobile relative to each other to form a rigid block.

A cet effet, on remet en contrainte l'organe de verrouillage de la molette de telle manière que les éléments de la molette deviennent immobiles les unes par rapport aux autres.For this purpose, it resets the locking member of the wheel in such a way that the elements of the wheel become stationary relative to each other.

Dans le cas illustré aux figures 1B à 6, où l'organe de verrouillage de la molette 1 est une baïonnette 4 en liaison pivot sur une traverse 6 et où les moyens de mise en précontrainte de la molette 1 sont des vis 5 portées par la baïonnette, ceci revient à revisser les vis 5 pour mettre en contrainte la baïonnette 4 contre la traverse 6 de la molette.In the case illustrated Figures 1B to 6 , where the locking member of the wheel 1 is a bayonet 4 pivotally connected to a cross member 6 and wherein the biasing means of the wheel 1 are screws 5 carried by the bayonet, this amounts to screw the screws 5 to constrain the bayonet 4 against the cross member 6 of the wheel.

On peut alors procéder à l'extraction de la molette de son boîtier, les composants de la molette étant immobiles les uns par rapport aux autres et constituant un bloc rigide.It is then possible to extract the wheel from its case, the components of the wheel being stationary relative to one another and constituting a rigid block.

Un effort relativement important est nécessaire, du fait de l'arc-boutement résultant principalement des contraintes en fonctionnement qui coincent la molette dans son boîtier.A relatively large effort is required, because of the bracing mainly resulting from operating stresses that jam the wheel in its housing.

Le dispositif de manipulation de la molette comprend donc des éléments d'extraction (par exemple des vérins) qui permettent d'exercer la force d'extraction nécessaire.The device for manipulating the wheel thus comprises extraction elements (for example cylinders) which make it possible to exert the necessary extraction force.

Une fois la molette extraite du boîtier, on débride le dispositif de manipulation vis-à-vis du boîtier, puis on nettoie le boîtier, par exemple par des jets d'eau à haute pression, de manière à pouvoir insérer plus facilement la nouvelle molette.Once the knob extracted from the housing, unclamps the handling device vis-à-vis the housing, then the housing is cleaned, for example by jets of water at high pressure, so as to insert more easily the new wheel .

Enfin, on achemine l'ensemble constitué du dispositif de manipulation et de la molette jusqu'à l'atelier où la molette usagée sera démontée.Finally, the assembly consisting of the handling device and the wheel is conveyed to the workshop where the used wheel will be dismantled.

On peut procéder à un nettoyage du dispositif de manipulation avant de le réutiliser pour mettre en place une nouvelle molette.The handling device can be cleaned before reuse to set up a new wheel.

Mise en place d'une molette de remplacementSetting up a replacement wheel

Pour installer une nouvelle molette dans le boîtier, on procède dans l'ordre inverse de ces étapes.To install a new wheel in the case, proceed in the reverse order of these steps.

Pour décrire ces étapes de montage, on s'appuiera à titre d'exemple sur les figures 1B à 1F, mais il est entendu que ces figures ne présentent qu'un mode de réalisation particulier de la molette et que le procédé n'est pas limité à la mise en place de cette molette particulière.To describe these stages of assembly, we will use as an example Figures 1B to 1F , but it is understood that these figures show only a particular embodiment of the wheel and the method is not limited to the establishment of this particular wheel.

En premier lieu, dans l'atelier, on fixe une molette neuve (plus précisément, son organe de verrouillage dans le cas illustré ici, ou bien son interface de préhension lorsque l'organe de verrouillage ne remplit pas la fonction de préhension de la molette) sur le dispositif de manipulation au moyen de l'élément de préhension mentionné plus haut.Firstly, in the workshop, a new wheel is fixed (more precisely, its locking member in the case illustrated here, or its gripping interface when the locking member does not fulfill the gripping function of the wheel ) on the handling device by means of the gripping element mentioned above.

Pour que la molette soit manipulable, on fait en sorte de rendre immobiles les uns par rapport aux autres ses différents composants pour qu'ils constituent un bloc rigide.So that the wheel is manipulable, it is arranged to make them stand in relation to each other its various components to form a rigid block.

En référence à la figure 1B, la molette 1 est tenue par le dispositif de manipulation au niveau de la baïonnette 4 (le dispositif de manipulation n'est pas illustré sur les figures 1B à 1F pour permettre de mieux visualiser les différents composants de la molette et du boîtier).With reference to the Figure 1B , the wheel 1 is held by the handling device at the bayonet 4 (the handling device is not illustrated on the Figures 1B to 1F to allow better visualization of the various components of the wheel and the housing).

Le dispositif de manipulation supportant la molette est amené en vis-à-vis de la face arrière du boîtier 2.The handling device supporting the wheel is brought opposite the rear face of the casing 2.

On précise que la face avant du boîtier est définie comme étant la face de laquelle débouche la partie rotative de la molette, vers le front de coupe ; la face arrière du boîtier est la face opposée, par laquelle on insère la molette.It is specified that the front face of the housing is defined as being the face of which opens the rotating part of the wheel to the cutting edge; the rear face of the housing is the opposite face, by which the wheel is inserted.

Le boîtier 2 porte des empreintes (non illustrées ici) qui permettent le pré-centrage et le guidage, puis le bridage, du dispositif de manipulation.The housing 2 carries imprints (not shown here) that allow pre-centering and guiding, then clamping, the handling device.

Ces empreintes sont par exemple des formes mâles agencées sur ses parois extérieures, constituant des rails de guidage qui coopèrent avec des formes femelles complémentaires agencées sur le dispositif de manipulation.These impressions are for example male forms arranged on its outer walls, constituting guide rails which cooperate with complementary female shapes arranged on the handling device.

Une fois qu'il est en position centrée sur le boîtier, le dispositif de manipulation est bridé sur celui-ci par ses éléments de bridage.Once it is in a centered position on the housing, the handling device is clamped on it by its clamping elements.

En référence à la figure 1C, l'élément de préhension du dispositif de manipulation est alors avancé pour insérer la molette 1 jusqu'en butée dans son logement à l'intérieur du boîtier 2.With reference to the figure 1C , the gripping element of the handling device is then advanced to insert the wheel 1 to the stop in its housing inside the housing 2.

Grâce aux empreintes 20 agencées dans les parois intérieures du boîtier 2, la molette est automatiquement centrée par rapport à celui-ci.Thanks to the imprints 20 arranged in the inner walls of the housing 2, the wheel is automatically centered relative thereto.

Par ailleurs, la forme des empreintes 20 est prévue pour procurer des surfaces d'appui pour les extrémités 10 de l'arbre de la molette dans la partie avant du boîtier.On the other hand, the shape of the indentations 20 is provided to provide bearing surfaces for the ends of the wheel shaft in the front portion of the housing.

En référence à la figure 1D, les vis 5 qui maintenaient la baïonnette 4 en contrainte contre la traverse 6 sont alors dévissées, de manière à permettre la rotation de la baïonnette.With reference to the figure 1D , the screws 5 which held the bayonet 4 in constraint against the crossbar 6 are then unscrewed, so as to allow the rotation of the bayonet.

En référence à la figure 1E, l'élément de préhension qui tient la baïonnette 4 est actionné en rotation vers la position de verrouillage de la molette 1 dans le boîtier 2.With reference to the figure 1E , the gripping element which holds the bayonet 4 is actuated in rotation towards the locking position of the wheel 1 in the casing 2.

Dans le cas illustré ici, la baïonnette 4 est pivotée de 90° et vient se loger derrière des empreintes 21 (également visibles sur la figure 6) prévues dans le boîtier 2, ce qui a pour effet de verrouiller la molette dans le boîtier.In the case illustrated here, the bayonet 4 is rotated 90 ° and is housed behind footprints 21 (also visible on the figure 6 ) provided in the housing 2, which has the effect of locking the knob in the housing.

Il s'agit ensuite de mettre la molette en précontrainte pour qu'elle puisse résister aux efforts subis pendant la coupe.It is then a question of putting the wheel in prestressing so that it can resist the forces undergone during the cut.

A cet effet, l'organe d'actionnement du dispositif de manipulation actionne les moyens de mise en précontrainte de la molette pour appliquer une précontrainte par l'arrière du boîtier, cet effort étant supporté par les surfaces d'appui 20 du boîtier 2.For this purpose, the actuating member of the manipulation device actuates the prestressing means of the wheel to apply prestressing from the rear of the casing, this force being supported by the bearing surfaces 20 of the casing 2.

L'application de la précontrainte peut se faire par simple serrage des vis 5 dans la traverse 6, ou, de préférence, par l'emploi de vérins entre la traverse 6 et la baïonnette 4 suivi par la mise en butée des vis 5 dans la traverse 6.The application of the prestressing can be done by simply tightening the screws 5 in the crossbar 6, or, preferably, by the use of jacks between the crossbar 6 and the bayonet 4 followed by the abutment of the screws 5 in the crosses 6.

Il s'agit d'une mise en précontrainte « irréversible », en ce sens que les moyens d'application de la précontrainte ne permettent pas de la relâcher en l'absence d'une action d'un opérateur.This is an "irreversible" prestressing, in that the means of applying the prestressing do not allow to release it in the absence of action by an operator.

Dans le cas illustré à la figure 1F, les têtes de vissage du dispositif de manipulation vissent les vis 5 au couple souhaité.In the case illustrated in figure 1F the screwing heads of the handling device screw the screws 5 to the desired torque.

La mise en place de la molette avec précontrainte étant achevée, on détache le dispositif de manipulation de la molette et on le débride du boîtier.The establishment of the wheel with prestressing being completed, detach the handling device of the wheel and unclamp the housing.

La mise en oeuvre du procédé qui vient d'être décrit a donc été rendue possible par la conception d'une nouvelle structure de molette et d'un nouveau dispositif de manipulation de la molette, qui seront décrits successivement ci-dessous.The implementation of the method which has just been described has been made possible by the design of a new wheel structure and a new device for manipulating the wheel, which will be described successively below.

Par rapport à la procédure connue dans laquelle on met en place la molette sur la tête de coupe puis on la fixe et on la contraint au moyen de vis et de cales, la procédure utilisant l'ensemble molette-dispositif de manipulation présente l'avantage de pouvoir être mise en oeuvre par un dispositif mécanisé, ce qui permet de réduire ou de supprimer une intervention humaine longue et pénible.Compared to the known procedure in which the wheel is placed on the cutting head and then fixed and constrained by means of screws and shims, the procedure using the assembly wheel-handling device has the advantage to be able to be implemented by a mechanized device, which makes it possible to reduce or eliminate a long and painful human intervention.

Par ailleurs, le centrage de la molette dans le boîtier se fait de manière automatique par les parois du boîtier, ce qui évite l'emploi de cales comme dans les molettes existantes.Furthermore, the centering of the wheel in the housing is done automatically by the walls of the housing, which avoids the use of shims as in existing wheels.

On peut noter également que le boîtier étant dépourvu de filetages, il présente peu de risque d'endommagement, et requiert peu de réparation.It can also be noted that the housing being devoid of threads, it presents little risk of damage, and requires little repair.

Enfin, le boîtier peut être mis en place sur une tête de coupe existante sans nécessiter d'adaptation particulière de celle-ci.Finally, the housing can be placed on an existing cutting head without requiring special adaptation thereof.

Cependant, on comprend bien qu'une mise en place manuelle de la molette comme pratiquée dans l'art antérieur reste possible ; cette mise en place est même facilitée par le fait que la molette porte solidairement tous les éléments nécessaires à sa fixation, ce qui affranchit les opérateurs de la manipulation des vis et cales habituellement utilisées.However, it is understood that a manual setting of the wheel as practiced in the prior art remains possible; this setting up is even facilitated by the fact that the wheel bears integrally all the elements necessary for its attachment, which frees operators from handling the screws and shims usually used.

Exemple de molette adaptée à la mise en oeuvre du procédéExample of a wheel adapted to the implementation of the method

On décrit maintenant, en référence aux figures 2 à 6 une conception de molette adaptée à la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.We now describe, with reference to Figures 2 to 6 a wheel design adapted to the implementation of this method.

Il s'agit de la molette illustrée aux figures 1B à 1F qui ont été commentées plus haut.This is the wheel illustrated in the Figures 1B to 1F which have been commented on above.

La figure 2 illustre la molette 1 à l'intérieur du boîtier 2, une des parois latérales du boîtier n'apparaissant pas.The figure 2 illustrates the wheel 1 inside the housing 2, one of the side walls of the housing does not appear.

De manière connue en soi, la molette 1 est librement mobile en rotation autour d'un arbre comprenant deux extrémités 10 disposées de part et d'autre de la molette.In a manner known per se, the wheel 1 is freely rotatable about a shaft comprising two ends 10 disposed on either side of the wheel.

Les extrémités 10 de l'arbre ont par exemple une forme polygonale qui permet leur emboîtement sur deux supports 7 présentant une forme complémentaire (octogonale sur l'exemple de la figure 2), auxquels ils sont fixés par des vis.The ends 10 of the shaft have for example a polygonal shape which allows their interlocking on two supports 7 having a complementary shape (octagonal on the example of the figure 2 ), to which they are fixed by screws.

Lesdits supports 7 sont reliés par une traverse 6 qui présente une forme générale de U.Said supports 7 are connected by a crosspiece 6 which has a general shape of U.

Les supports 7 sont fixés à la traverse 6 par des vis 70 (visibles également aux figures 3 et 5) placées aux quatre coins de celle-ci.The supports 7 are fixed to the cross-member 6 by screws 70 (also visible to the figures 3 and 5 ) placed at the four corners of it.

Par ailleurs, la molette 1 porte solidairement un organe de verrouillage actionnable entre une position de verrouillage où la molette est fixée dans le boîtier 2, et une position de déverrouillage permettant l'insertion et l'extraction de la molette du boîtier.Furthermore, the wheel 1 integrally carries a locking member operable between a locking position where the wheel is fixed in the housing 2, and an unlocking position for insertion and extraction of the knob casing.

Ici, cet organe de verrouillage comprend une baïonnette 4 qui est montée sur la traverse 6 par une liaison pivot autour d'un axe 40.Here, this locking member comprises a bayonet 4 which is mounted on the crosspiece 6 by a pivot connection about an axis 40.

La molette porte également solidairement des moyens de mise en précontrainte dans le boîtier.The wheel also integrally carries prestressing means in the housing.

Ces moyens de mise en précontrainte sont préférentiellement des organes mécaniques irréversibles tels que des boulons et/ou des vérins agencés entre l'organe de verrouillage et la traverse de la molette.These prestressing means are preferably irreversible mechanical members such as bolts and / or cylinders arranged between the locking member and the cross member of the wheel.

Par « irréversible », on entend dans le présent texte que ces organes ne peuvent relâcher la contrainte appliquée sans une intervention intentionnelle avec un dispositif de démontage.By "irreversible" is meant in the present text that these organs can not relax the constraint applied without intentional intervention with a disassembly device.

Dans l'exemple illustré ici, ces moyens de mise en précontrainte sont des vis 5 portées de manière imperdable sur la baïonnette 4 et qui, lorsqu'elles sont vissées avec un couple approprié, appliquent à la molette verrouillée dans le boîtier la précontrainte d'intensité souhaitée.In the example illustrated here, these prestressing means are screws 5 captively carried on the bayonet 4 and which, when screwed with a suitable torque, apply to the wheel locked in the housing the prestressing desired intensity.

Il est important de relever que l'ensemble des composants nécessaire au verrouillage de la molette dans le boîtier et à la mise en précontrainte de la molette (à savoir principalement, dans l'exemple illustré ici, la baïonnette 4 et les vis 5) sont solidaires de la molette, c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont liés mécaniquement à celle-ci sans possibilité de démontage autre qu'un démontage intentionnel (par exemple en vue d'une réparation).It is important to note that all the components necessary for locking the wheel in the casing and for prestressing the wheel (that is mainly, in the example illustrated here, the bayonet 4 and the screws 5) are integral with the wheel, that is to say that they are mechanically linked to it without the possibility of disassembly other than intentional dismantling (for example for a repair).

Par ailleurs, ces composants peuvent être immobilisés les uns par rapport aux autres en vue de constituer un bloc rigide permettant la manutention de la molette.Furthermore, these components can be immobilized relative to each other to form a rigid block for handling the wheel.

Il va de soi que l'homme du métier pourra envisager une structure différente de molette, également utilisable dans le procédé décrit ci-dessus, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention.It goes without saying that the skilled person may consider a different wheel structure, also used in the method described above, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Par exemple, il pourra utiliser un autre principe de verrouillage que la baïonnette 4, pour autant que les éléments de fixation soient solidaires de la molette et puissent constituer un ensemble rigide pour la manutention de la molette.For example, it may use another locking principle that the bayonet 4, as long as the fasteners are integral with the wheel and can be a rigid assembly for handling the wheel.

De même, le nombre de vis représentées sur ces figures n'est qu'indicatif, et l'homme du métier pourra tout à fait modifier le nombre de vis, et/ou proposer d'autres moyens d'application de la précontrainte à la molette, sans sortir de la portée de la présente invention.Likewise, the number of screws represented in these figures is only indicative, and the person skilled in the art may quite modify the number of screws, and / or propose other means of applying prestressing to the wheel, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Dispositif de manipulation de la moletteDevice for manipulating the wheel

La figure 9 illustre un exemple de dispositif de manipulation 3 de la molette.The figure 9 illustrates an example of manipulation device 3 of the wheel.

Le dispositif 3 comprend un châssis 31, qui supporte des éléments permettant son centrage puis son bridage sur le boîtier.The device 3 comprises a frame 31, which supports elements for its centering and then clamping on the housing.

Les éléments de centrage sont par exemple des formes agencées sur le châssis qui coopèrent avec des formes complémentaires du boîtier, remplissant ainsi une fonction de guidage du dispositif par rapport au boîtier.The centering elements are for example shapes arranged on the frame which cooperate with complementary shapes of the housing, thus fulfilling a guiding function of the device relative to the housing.

Dans l'exemple illustré ici, les éléments de bridage comprennent quatre pions 33 en forme de quart de cercle, et mobiles en rotation.In the example illustrated here, the clamping elements comprise four pins 33 in the shape of a quarter circle, and movable in rotation.

Ces pions 33 viennent se loger dans des rainures agencées sur le boîtier de manière à assurer la fixation du châssis 3 sur le boîtier 2.These pins 33 are housed in grooves arranged on the housing so as to secure the frame 3 on the housing 2.

Le dispositif 3 comprend également un organe d'actionnement 36 logé dans le châssis 31.The device 3 also comprises an actuating member 36 housed in the frame 31.

Ici, l'organe d'actionnement est mobile en translation (au moyen de vérins 35) et en rotation par rapport au châssis 31.Here, the actuating member is movable in translation (by means of jacks 35) and in rotation with respect to the frame 31.

Le dispositif 3 comprend en outre un élément de préhension adapté pour tenir la molette, et plus particulièrement l'organe de verrouillage de celle-ci.The device 3 further comprises a gripping element adapted to hold the wheel, and more particularly the locking member thereof.

L'élément de préhension est monté sur l'organe d'actionnement 36, et est ainsi actionnable à la fois en translation pour insérer ou extraire la molette du boîtier et en rotation pour verrouiller ou déverrouiller la molette dans le boîtier.The gripping element is mounted on the actuating member 36, and is thus operable both in translation to insert or extract the wheel from the housing and in rotation to lock or unlock the wheel in the housing.

Dans l'exemple illustré ici, l'élément de préhension comprend des mors 34 adaptés pour saisir la baïonnette 4 de la molette.In the example illustrated here, the gripping element comprises jaws 34 adapted to grip the bayonet 4 of the wheel.

Les mors 34 peuvent s'écarter d'une distance supérieure à la largeur de la baïonnette pour permettre sa préhension ou sa libération, et se rapprocher pour tenir fermement la baïonnette.The jaws 34 may deviate a distance greater than the bayonet width to allow its gripping or release, and move closer to firmly hold the bayonet.

Grâce à leur liaison avec l'organe d'actionnement, les mors 34 sont également mobiles en rotation d'au moins un quart de tour entre une position où la baïonnette est en position permettant l'insertion de la molette dans le boitier, et une position où la baïonnette est en position de verrouillage de la molette dans le boîtier.Thanks to their connection with the actuating member, the jaws 34 are also rotatable at least a quarter of a turn between a position where the bayonet is in position allowing insertion of the wheel in the housing, and a position where the bayonet is in the locking position of the wheel in the housing.

Le dispositif de manipulation 3 comprend encore des moyens d'application ou de libération de la précontrainte à la molette, qui coopèrent avec les moyens de mise en précontrainte de la molette.The handling device 3 further comprises means for applying or releasing the prestressing at the wheel, which cooperate with the means for prestressing the wheel.

Ces moyens comprennent des têtes de vissage 32 reliées à des corps de visseuses 37, montés dans l'organe d'actionnement 36, et adaptées pour visser ou dévisser les vis 5 de mise en précontrainte de la molette.These means comprise screwing heads 32 connected to screwdriver bodies 37, mounted in the actuating member 36, and adapted to screw or unscrew the screws 5 for prestressing the wheel.

Le dispositif 3 comprend par ailleurs des éléments d'extraction de la molette.The device 3 furthermore comprises extraction elements of the wheel.

Dans l'exemple illustré ici, ces moyens d'extraction sont des vérins 35 agencés entre le châssis 31 et l'organe d'actionnement 36.In the example illustrated here, these extraction means are cylinders 35 arranged between the frame 31 and the actuating member 36.

Dans la situation illustrée à la figure 7A, où la molette 1 est dans sa position de fonctionnement dans le boîtier 2, le châssis 31 du dispositif 3 est bridé sur le boîtier 2 au moyen des pions 33 et les vérins 35 sont en position rétractée, de sorte que l'organe d'actionnement 36, et donc les mors 34 et les têtes de vissage 32 peuvent actionner respectivement la baïonnette et les vis de précontrainte de la molette.In the situation illustrated in Figure 7A , where the wheel 1 is in its operating position in the housing 2, the frame 31 of the device 3 is clamped on the housing 2 by means of the pins 33 and the cylinders 35 are in the retracted position, so that the body of actuation 36, and thus the jaws 34 and the screwing heads 32 can respectively actuate the bayonet and the prestressing screws of the wheel.

Dans la situation illustrée à la figure 7B, où l'on extrait la molette 1 du boitier 2, le châssis est toujours bridé sur le boîtier 2 grâce aux pions 33, mais les vérins 35 sont en position déployée, ce qui a pour effet de reculer l'organe d'actionnement 36, et donc les mors 34 qui tiennent la baïonnette.In the situation illustrated in Figure 7B , where the wheel 1 is extracted from the casing 2, the frame is still clamped to the casing 2 by the pins 33, but the cylinders 35 are in the extended position, which has the effect of moving the actuating member 36 backwards. , and thus the jaws 34 which hold the bayonet.

Le dispositif 3 peut également comprendre tout autre composant que l'homme du métier jugera utile.The device 3 may also include any other component that the skilled person deems useful.

Ainsi, par exemple, il comprend des moyens (non illustrés) pour le nettoyage du boîtier après l'extraction de la molette usagée.Thus, for example, it comprises means (not shown) for cleaning the housing after extraction of the used wheel.

Ces moyens peuvent consister notamment en des jets d'eau à haute pression.These means may consist in particular of jets of water at high pressure.

Sur l'exemple illustré à la figure 9 (ainsi qu'à la figure 10A, où il est représenté en perspective avec la molette), le châssis 31 du dispositif de manipulation est entouré par un arceau 38 qui est destiné à être accroché à un palan (non représenté).In the example shown in figure 9 (as well as figure 10A , where it is shown in perspective with the wheel), the frame 31 of the handling device is surrounded by a hoop 38 which is intended to be attached to a hoist (not shown).

Ceci correspond à un mode d'exécution semi-automatisé, qui peut être mis en oeuvre par exemple en mode dégradé, lors d'opérations de maintenance.This corresponds to a semi-automated execution mode, which can be implemented for example in degraded mode, during maintenance operations.

La figure 10B illustre quant à elle une forme d'exécution du dispositif de manipulation 3 destiné à être monté sur la partie terminale d'un effecteur de manutention robotisée, qui est préférentiellement utilisé pour l'exploitation du tunnelier.The figure 10B illustrates for its part an embodiment of the handling device 3 intended to be mounted on the end portion of a robotic handling effector, which is preferably used for the operation of the tunnel boring machine.

N'est représentée sur cette figure qu'une plaque avant 42 du robot de manutention, qui présente un évidement pour recevoir le dispositif de manipulation.This figure shows only a front plate 42 of the handling robot, which has a recess for receiving the handling device.

Ledit robot est notamment animé d'un mouvement de translation dans l'axe du boîtier, et possède des moyens de commande du dispositif de manipulation.Said robot is notably animated with a translation movement in the axis of the housing, and has control means of the handling device.

Le dispositif de manipulation 3 est relié à la plaque 42 par un ensemble 41 de vérins de type hexapode, qui permet d'amener le dispositif 3 en vue de son verrouillage sur le boîtier puis de le retirer.The handling device 3 is connected to the plate 42 by a set 41 of hexapod-type cylinders, which makes it possible to bring the device 3 to lock it on the housing and then remove it.

Le dispositif de manipulation qui est illustré est particulièrement adapté à la molette représentée.The manipulation device which is illustrated is particularly adapted to the wheel shown.

On comprend naturellement que la forme des composants de ce dispositif de manipulation pourra varier en fonction de la forme de la molette correspondante, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention.Naturally, the shape of the components of this handling device may vary depending on the shape of the corresponding wheel, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Enfin, il va de soi que les exemples que l'on vient de donner ne sont que des illustrations particulières en aucun cas limitatives quant aux détails de mise en oeuvre de l'invention.Finally, it goes without saying that the examples that we have just given are only particular illustrations in no way limiting as to the details of implementation of the invention.

Claims (14)

  1. A method for replacing a roller cutter (1) mounted with preload within a housing (2) built into the cutting head of a tunnel boring machine, characterized in that it is implemented with a roller cutter (1) bearing, permanently attached thereto, a member (4) for locking it within the housing (2) and means (5) for applying said preload, and in that it includes the steps consisting of:
    a) removal of a used roller cutter (1) from said housing (2), comprising the following steps:
    • clamping, onto the housing (2), of a handling device (3) designed for grasping and guiding the roller cutter (1),
    • grasping of the roller cutter by the handling device (3),
    • release of the preload applied to the roller cutter (1),
    • unlocking of the roller cutter (1) from the housing (2),
    • extraction of the roller cutter (1) from the housing (2),
    • unclasping the handling device (3) from the housing (2),
    b) installation tin said housing (2) of a replacement roller cutter (1), comprising the following steps:
    • grasping of the roller cutter (1) by the handling device (3),
    • docking, then clamping of the roller cutter handling device (3) on the housing (2),
    • insertion of the roller cutter (1) into the housing (2), said roller cutter being guided by the handling device (3),
    • locking the roller cutter (1) into the housing (2),
    • applying a preload to the roller cutter (1).
  2. The method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the roller cutter (1) is held by the handling device (3) via its locking member (4).
  3. The method according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it is implemented by means of a mechanized roller cutter handling device (3).
  4. The roller cutter suited for the implementation of the replacement process according to one of Claims 1 through 3.
  5. The roller cutter according to Claim 4, characterized in that said locking member (4) is deigned to be immobilized, so that the roller cutter (1) constitutes a rigid block.
  6. The roller curter according to one of Claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the locking member includes a bayonet (4) movable in rotation between a position for inserting the roller cutter (1) into the housing (2) and a position for locking the roller cutter (1) into the housing (2).
  7. The roller cutter according to one of Claims 4 through 6, characterized in that the preloading means include screws (5).
  8. The roller cutter according to Claims 6 and 7 combined, characterized in that said screws (5) for preloading the roller cutter (1) are carries by the bayonet (4) in a manger that precludes loss.
  9. A device (3) for handling the roller cutter (1) in the implementation of the roller cutter replacement method according to one of 1 through 3, characterized in that it comprises:
    • as element (33) for clamping onto the housing,
    • an element (34) for grasping the roller cutter,
    • means (32) for releasing or applying preload to the roller cutter,
    • an element (35) for extracting the roller cutter,
    • a member (36) for actuating the locking member (4) of the roller cutter.
  10. The device according to Claim 9, characterized in that it includes means for cleaning the housing.
  11. The device according to one of Claims 8 through 10, characterized in that it includes means (41) of transporting, docking and/or clamping onto the housing by a robot.
  12. A tunnel boring machine including a tutting head and a plurality of roller cutters (1) according to one of claims 4 through 8 in housings (2) built into the cutting head, said housings (2) baring contact surfaces (21) for locking the roller cutters (1).
  13. The tunnel boring machine according to Claim 12, characterized in that the housings (2) have contact surfaces for docking and guiding a roller cutter handling device (3) according to one of Claims 9 through 11.
  14. The tunnel boring machine according to one of Claims 12 or 13, characterized in that. the roller cutters (1) and the housings (2) have respective complementary support contact surfaces (10, 20) for centering and guiding the roller cutter in the housing.
EP10796346.4A 2009-12-22 2010-12-14 Method for replacing a tunnel boring machine disk cutter, handling device and disk cutter suited to such a method Active EP2516791B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0959413 2009-12-22
PCT/EP2010/069620 WO2011076616A1 (en) 2009-12-22 2010-12-14 Method for replacing a tunnel boring machine disk cutter, handling device and disk cutter suited to such a method

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EP2516791A1 EP2516791A1 (en) 2012-10-31
EP2516791B1 true EP2516791B1 (en) 2014-05-14

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US (1) US9429016B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2516791B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5738891B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101721719B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2010335304B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2785364C (en)
DK (1) DK2516791T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2477227T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1176662A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2011076616A1 (en)

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DK2516791T3 (en) 2014-08-18
CA2785364C (en) 2017-08-22
US20130045055A1 (en) 2013-02-21
JP5738891B2 (en) 2015-06-24
SG181877A1 (en) 2012-07-30
HK1176662A1 (en) 2013-08-02
ES2477227T3 (en) 2014-07-16
EP2516791A1 (en) 2012-10-31
US9429016B2 (en) 2016-08-30
AU2010335304B2 (en) 2015-12-17
JP2013515181A (en) 2013-05-02
KR101721719B1 (en) 2017-03-30
CA2785364A1 (en) 2011-06-30
KR20120130170A (en) 2012-11-29
WO2011076616A1 (en) 2011-06-30
AU2010335304A1 (en) 2012-08-09

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