EP2497582A1 - Rolling device for reshaping a strip-shaped metal material - Google Patents
Rolling device for reshaping a strip-shaped metal material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2497582A1 EP2497582A1 EP12152087A EP12152087A EP2497582A1 EP 2497582 A1 EP2497582 A1 EP 2497582A1 EP 12152087 A EP12152087 A EP 12152087A EP 12152087 A EP12152087 A EP 12152087A EP 2497582 A1 EP2497582 A1 EP 2497582A1
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- EP
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- Prior art keywords
- roller
- forming
- elements
- roll
- counter
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H8/00—Rolling metal of indefinite length in repetitive shapes specially designed for the manufacture of particular objects, e.g. checkered sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D17/00—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles
- B21D17/04—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles by rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H8/00—Rolling metal of indefinite length in repetitive shapes specially designed for the manufacture of particular objects, e.g. checkered sheets
- B21H8/02—Rolls of special shape
Definitions
- the invention relates to a Rollenumformerie issued for reshaping or marking a provided with geometric elements, in particular holes, material according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such Rollenumformerie is formed with at least one forming roller and at least one counter element, in particular a counter-roller or a counter table, wherein between the forming roller and the mating element is formed a nip for passing the material, and wherein the forming roller has on its lateral surface a Abform Quilt, which forms when passing through the material through the nip on the material.
- the further geometric elements produced by the sheet metal forming press undergo the downstream roll forming system. Under certain circumstances, this can result in the further geometric elements being deformed by the subsequent forming operation on the roll forming system.
- this process chain can limit the freedom of geometry for the additional geometric elements to be introduced, since the further geometric elements for unimpeded passage require corresponding free spaces in the subsequent roller sets on the roll forming system, which is not always possible.
- the object of the invention is to provide a Rollenumform adopted for forming an elongated metal material, which provides a particularly large amount of freedom geometry available and which allows it in a particularly simple and reliable way to form geometric elements such as embossing, bags, etc. particularly precise.
- a roll forming device for reshaping or marking a material provided with geometric elements is characterized in that the forming roller has entrainment elements for engagement with the geometric elements, in particular for engagement with the geometric elements of the material passing through the roll nip.
- a first basic idea of the invention can be seen not to produce the further geometric elements by means of the sheet metal forming press, but to introduce them by a rolling process which can be carried out on a roll forming machine following the sheet metal forming press.
- this method allows the further geometry elements to be introduced only after the forming steps which would produce a deformation of these elements, so that the further geometric elements can be shaped particularly precisely with a particularly high freedom of geometry.
- the invention has further recognized that introducing the further geometric elements by means of a driven forming roller running at a constant rotational speed may under certain circumstances bring about an unsatisfactory result.
- a fluctuating elongation and resulting deviation in the desired rail length is often corrected by an adjustment of the feed to the press, which can lead to variations in the distance of the holes to each other. If in this case a constant rotational speed were used, the variations in the spacing of the holes would lead to an undesired displacement of the further geometric elements to the holes.
- the invention teaches to provide a drive-free, that is not provided with a drive Umformrolle having driver elements that can engage the first geometric elements, ie in particular the holes, so that the forming roller entrained by the holes in the metal material becomes.
- the driver elements bring about by contact between the driver element and the trailing edge in the rolling direction of the respective hole a rotation of the entire forming roller according to the passage speed of the material.
- a mechanical synchronization of the forming roller with the previously introduced hole pattern is realized in a particularly simple manner, which reliably ensures a defined position of the introduced further geometric element to an edge of the hole, without a complex measurement and control technology is required.
- a plurality of rollers designed according to the invention can also be provided, which can then each interact with a counter-roller.
- the material may in particular be a metallic material, a flat material and / or a strip material, preferably a sheet metal strip.
- the driver elements are expediently pin-shaped.
- the roller forming device is used for reshaping a material provided with a multiplicity of identical geometric elements.
- the geometric elements are preferably arranged at least approximately equidistantly on the material.
- the geometry elements may preferably be holes, in particular elongated holes, which extend in the rolling direction.
- the features may be e.g. also superscript tabs, lateral recesses or notches, be sharp-edged pockets or folds.
- the invention can advantageously be used in any application in which a subsequent introduction of not freely positionable further geometric elements in a band-shaped material is required, in which a previous process step has already introduced first geometric elements at which catch the inventive forming roller on the driver elements and can synchronize.
- the driver elements are provided according to the invention in addition to the impression structure. According to the invention, the material provided with the first geometric elements is fed to the roll-converting device, where it is then provided with the further geometric elements by the impression structure.
- the driver elements are arranged on the lateral surface of the forming roller. This makes it possible, with the forming roller in the areas which are located between the first geometric elements to form further geometric elements.
- the counter-roller has at least one recess for the driver elements. As a result, reliable operation is possible even with very long driver elements.
- a further preferred embodiment of the invention is that the counter-roller is mechanically coupled to the forming roller, so that a rotation of the forming roller causes a rotation of the counter-roller.
- a coupling can be realized for example via gears which are mounted on the front side of the two rollers.
- the counter-roller may have on its lateral surface an impression structure which, as the material passes through the roller gap, molds it onto the material.
- geometry elements can be introduced on the material from both sides, so that the freedom of geometry is further increased.
- the forming roller has at least one passage angle position, in which the forming roller, in particular on its impression structure and on its driver elements, is spaced from the material passing through the roll gap. In this passage angle position, the forming roller is located neither on their impression structure nor on their driver elements in contact with the material passing through.
- Such a configuration of the forming roller makes it possible to stop or at least slow down the roll rotation in a second manner while the material continues to be moved through the roll gap at a continuous feed rate.
- the roll forming device according to the invention can also be advantageously used in materials in which the spacings of the first geometric elements, ie in particular the hole spacings, vary over time.
- a passage angle position in which the forming roller is spaced from the material passing through the nip, can be provided, for example, in that the driver elements are smaller in dimension in the rolling direction than the hole length.
- a passage of the material relative to the roller may be possible when the driver elements are in the hole, ie in the time interval in which the driver element travels in the hole through the hole.
- the passage angle position can also be achieved by a sufficiently large Angular spacing of adjacent projections on the lateral surface of the forming roll can be realized.
- a brake is provided for braking the forming roller.
- Such a brake can ensure, for example, that the Umformrolle brakes after the unthreading of a driver element from a hole and / or upon reaching the passage angle position continues to rotate unabated due to their inertia, so that, for example, an uncontrolled striking the subsequent driver element in the hole and / or an unwanted premature Intervention of the subsequent impression structure can be prevented.
- a further preferred embodiment of the invention is that at least one of the driver elements has at its tip a friction reducer for reducing the friction between the driver element and the material.
- the friction reducer may, for example, comprise at least one sliding element or at least one roller.
- the forming roller is designed in several parts with at least one first roller part, on which at least a part of the impression structure is arranged, and with at least one second roller part, on which at least a part of the driver elements is arranged, wherein the first roller part and the second roller part are rotatable relative to each other.
- the two roller parts can be rotated relative to one another about the axis of rotation of the forming roller.
- the two roller parts may in particular be disc-shaped.
- the forming roller can also have more than two relatively rotatable roller parts.
- the invention also relates to a device for forming a material, comprising a device, in particular a press, for introducing geometric elements into the material, and a roller-forming device according to the invention for reshaping the material provided with the geometric elements.
- the press may be a punch press.
- the roll forming device according to the invention is downstream of the punch press process.
- the Rollenumform nails may also have other forming rollers, in particular bending rollers, and be part of a roll forming.
- the inventive device is preferably used for the production of installation rails.
- the invention may also comprise a forming arrangement consisting of a material provided with geometric elements according to the invention and the roll forming device according to the invention for forming the material provided with the geometric elements.
- FIG. 1 The apparatus comprises a straightening machine 80, a press 81 for introducing a plurality of similar geometry elements 7, in particular holes, into the material 6, a roll forming device 82 according to the invention and a separating device 83 for cutting the material 6 to length on.
- the leveler 80, the press 81, the Rollenumform Sk 82 and the separator 83 are arranged in this order processively behind each other and are run through by the material 6 in this order.
- a roll conversion device for example for use in a device according to FIG. 1 is in the FIGS. 2 and 3 shown, wherein the Rollenumform Stud not only the rollers shown but also other roles, in particular bending rollers may have.
- the in the FIGS. 2 and 3 shown Rollenumform driving has a forming roller 5, which is rotatable about a rotation axis 21. Further, the Rollenumform engaged on a counter-roller 12, which corresponds to the structure of the required forming pressure with the forming roller 5, and which is rotatable about a parallel to the axis of rotation 21 of the forming roller extending axis of rotation. Between the forming roller 5 and the counter-roller 12, a roller gap 20 is formed, through which the band-shaped material 6 is passed.
- the forming roller 5 is formed in three parts and has two disc-shaped first roller parts 1, 1 'and between the roller parts 1, 1' arranged disc-shaped second roller part 2.
- the counter-roller 12 has in its outer surface an annular groove-shaped recess 13 which corresponds to the driver elements 3.
- 20 engage in the region of the nip 20 driver elements 3 of the forming roller 5 formed as a hole geometry elements 7 of the band-shaped material 6 a.
- the material 6 is moved in the rolling direction 30 through the nip 20, so drag in the rolling direction 30 trailing edges 10 of the holes 7 with the driver elements 3, whereby the forming roller 5 is offset in a synchronized with the hole pattern rotation about the rotation axis 21.
- the impression structure 4 located on the forming roller 5 brings the desired further geometric elements 9 to a constant and defined position relative to the edge 10 of the hole 7 trailing in the rolling direction.
- the forming roller 5 is designed so that at certain passage angle positions with respect to the rotation axis 21 no contact between the forming roller 5 and the band-shaped material 6, so that the rotation of the forming roller 5 can be intermittently slower or stop around the axis of rotation 21, while the Material continuously in the rolling direction 30 continues.
- the slowed or stopped rotation on the one hand enables a compensation of possible fluctuations in the spacing of the geometry elements 7 formed as holes, and on the other hand makes it possible to bridge the smaller thickness of the driver elements 3 compared to the hole length.
- the individual roller parts 1, 1 ', 2 are made rotatable relative to each other about the axis of rotation 21, so that the angular position of the impression structure 4 relative to the driver elements 3 and thus the position of the second geometry elements 9 formed by the forming roller 5 is variable relative to the first geometry elements 7 formed as holes.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Rollenumformeinrichtung zum Umformen oder Markieren eines mit Geometrieelementen, insbesondere Löchern, versehenen Materials gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Eine solche Rollenumformeinrichtung ist ausgebildet mit zumindest einer Umformrolle und zumindest einem Gegenelement, insbesondere einer Gegenrolle oder einem Gegentisch, wobei zwischen der Umformrolle und dem Gegenelement ein Walzspalt zum Durchführen des Materials ausgebildet ist, und wobei die Umformrolle auf ihrer Mantelfläche eine Abformstruktur aufweist, die beim Durchlaufen des Materials durch den Walzspalt auf das Material abformt.The invention relates to a Rollenumformeinrichtung for reshaping or marking a provided with geometric elements, in particular holes, material according to the preamble of claim 1. Such Rollenumformeinrichtung is formed with at least one forming roller and at least one counter element, in particular a counter-roller or a counter table, wherein between the forming roller and the mating element is formed a nip for passing the material, and wherein the forming roller has on its lateral surface a Abformstruktur, which forms when passing through the material through the nip on the material.
Die Fertigung von Installationsschienen erfolgt nach dem Stand der Technik typischerweise in der Prozessfolge: 1. Bandrichten in einer Richtmaschine, 2. Stanzen von als Löchern ausgebildeten Geometrieelementen und gegebenenfalls Einbringung von weiteren Geometrieelementen wie Prägungen, Taschen etc., die eine definierte Position in Bezug auf das Lochbild haben müssen auf einer mechanischen oder hydraulischen Blechumformpresse, 3. Walzprofilieren des gelochten Bandes zu einer Schiene auf einer Walzprofilieranlage und 4. Ablängen der Schiene in der gewünschten Länge auf einer mitlaufenden Trennvorrichtung.The production of installation rails is done according to the prior art typically in the process sequence: 1. Band straightening in a straightening machine, 2. punching formed as holes geometry elements and optionally incorporation of other geometric elements such as embossments, bags, etc., a defined position with respect to the hole pattern must have on a mechanical or hydraulic sheet metal forming press, 3. roll profiling of the perforated strip to a rail on a roll forming and 4. cutting the rail to the desired length on a follower separator.
Bei dieser Prozessfolge durchlaufen die von der Blechumformpresse erzeugten weiteren Geometrieelemente die nachgeordnete Walzprofilieranlage. Dies kann unter Umständen zur Folge haben, dass die weiteren Geometrieelemente durch die nachfolgende Umformoperation auf der Walzprofilieranlage deformiert werden. Darüber hinaus kann diese Prozesskette die Geometriefreiheit für die einzubringenden weiteren Geometrieelemente einschränken, da die weiteren Geometrieelemente zum ungehinderten Durchtritt entsprechende Freiräume in den nachfolgenden Rollensätzen auf der Walzprofilieranlage erfordern, was nicht immer möglich ist.In this process sequence, the further geometric elements produced by the sheet metal forming press undergo the downstream roll forming system. Under certain circumstances, this can result in the further geometric elements being deformed by the subsequent forming operation on the roll forming system. In addition, this process chain can limit the freedom of geometry for the additional geometric elements to be introduced, since the further geometric elements for unimpeded passage require corresponding free spaces in the subsequent roller sets on the roll forming system, which is not always possible.
Auch ist es bekannt, Strukturen auf ein Bandmaterial aufzurollen.It is also known to roll up structures onto a strip material.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Rollenumformeinrichtung zum Umformen eines länglichen Metallmaterials anzugeben, welche eine besonders grosse Geometriefreiheit zur Verfügung stellt und welche es in besonders einfacher und zuverlässiger Weise erlaubt, Geometrieelemente wie Prägungen, Taschen etc. besonders präzise anzuformen.The object of the invention is to provide a Rollenumformeinrichtung for forming an elongated metal material, which provides a particularly large amount of freedom geometry available and which allows it in a particularly simple and reliable way to form geometric elements such as embossing, bags, etc. particularly precise.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch eine Rollenumformeinrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved by a Rollenumformeinrichtung with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments are given in the dependent claims.
Eine erfindungsgemässe Rollenumformeinrichtung zum Umformen oder Markieren eines mit Geometrieelementen versehenen Materials ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umformrolle Mitnehmerelemente für einen Eingriff mit den Geometrieelementen, insbesondere für einen Eingriff in die Geometrieelemente, des durch den Walzspalt hindurch laufenden Materials aufweist.A roll forming device according to the invention for reshaping or marking a material provided with geometric elements is characterized in that the forming roller has entrainment elements for engagement with the geometric elements, in particular for engagement with the geometric elements of the material passing through the roll nip.
Ein erster Grundgedanke der Erfindung kann darin gesehen werden, die weiteren Geometrieelemente nicht mittels der Blechumformpresse zu erzeugen, sondern diese durch einen Rollprozess einzubringen, der auf einer der Blechumformpresse nachgeordneten Walzprofilieranlage durchgeführt werden kann. Insbesondere ermöglicht es diese Verfahrensführung, die weiteren Geometrieelemente erst im Anschluss an die Umformschritte einzubringen, die eine Deformation dieser Elemente erzeugen würden, so dass die weiteren Geometrieelemente bei besonders hoher Geometriefreiheit besonders präzise geformt werden können.A first basic idea of the invention can be seen not to produce the further geometric elements by means of the sheet metal forming press, but to introduce them by a rolling process which can be carried out on a roll forming machine following the sheet metal forming press. In particular, this method allows the further geometry elements to be introduced only after the forming steps which would produce a deformation of these elements, so that the further geometric elements can be shaped particularly precisely with a particularly high freedom of geometry.
Die Erfindung hat weiter erkannt, dass ein Einbringen der weiteren Geometrieelemente durch eine angetriebene, mit konstanter Drehgeschwindigkeit laufende Umformrolle unter Umständen ein unbefriedigendes Ergebnis mit sich bringen kann. Denn bei bekannten Umformvorrichtungen wird eine schwankende Längung und daraus resultierende Abweichung bei der gewünschten Schienenlänge oftmals durch eine Anpassung des Vorschubs an der Presse korrigiert, was zu Schwankungen im Abstand der Löcher zueinander führen kann. Würde in diesem Fall mit konstanter Drehgeschwindigkeit gearbeitet, so würden die Schwankungen im Abstand der Löcher zu einem unerwünschten Versatz der weiteren Geometrieelemente zu den Löchern führen.The invention has further recognized that introducing the further geometric elements by means of a driven forming roller running at a constant rotational speed may under certain circumstances bring about an unsatisfactory result. For in known forming devices a fluctuating elongation and resulting deviation in the desired rail length is often corrected by an adjustment of the feed to the press, which can lead to variations in the distance of the holes to each other. If in this case a constant rotational speed were used, the variations in the spacing of the holes would lead to an undesired displacement of the further geometric elements to the holes.
Um diesen potenziellen Nachteil zu überwinden lehrt die Erfindung eine antriebsfreie, das heisst nicht mit einem Antrieb versehene Umformrolle vorzusehen, welche Mitnehmerelemente aufweist, die an den ersten Geometrieelementen, also insbesondere den Löchern, eingreifen können, so dass die Umformrolle von den Löchern im Metallmaterial mitgeschleppt wird. Die Mitnehmerelemente bewirken durch Kontakt zwischen Mitnehmerelement und der in Walzrichtung nachlaufenden Kante des jeweiligen Loches eine Drehung der gesamten Umformrolle entsprechend der Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit des Materials. Hierdurch wird in besonders einfacher Weise eine mechanische Synchronisierung der Umformrolle mit dem vorher eingebrachten Lochbild realisiert, die zuverlässig eine definierte Position des einzubringenden weiteren Geometrieelements zu einer Kante des Lochs sicherstellt, ohne dass eine aufwändige Mess- und Regeltechnik erforderlich ist.To overcome this potential disadvantage, the invention teaches to provide a drive-free, that is not provided with a drive Umformrolle having driver elements that can engage the first geometric elements, ie in particular the holes, so that the forming roller entrained by the holes in the metal material becomes. The driver elements bring about by contact between the driver element and the trailing edge in the rolling direction of the respective hole a rotation of the entire forming roller according to the passage speed of the material. As a result, a mechanical synchronization of the forming roller with the previously introduced hole pattern is realized in a particularly simple manner, which reliably ensures a defined position of the introduced further geometric element to an edge of the hole, without a complex measurement and control technology is required.
Nach der Erfindung können auch mehrere erfindungsgemäss ausgebildete Rollen vorgesehen sein, die dann jeweils mit einer Gegenrolle zusammenwirken können. Nach der Erfindung kann das Material insbesondere ein metallisches Material, ein Flachmaterial und/oder ein Bandmaterial, vorzugsweise ein Blechband sein. Die Mitnehmerelemente sind zweckmässigerweise stiftförmig ausgebildet.According to the invention, a plurality of rollers designed according to the invention can also be provided, which can then each interact with a counter-roller. According to the invention, the material may in particular be a metallic material, a flat material and / or a strip material, preferably a sheet metal strip. The driver elements are expediently pin-shaped.
Vorzugsweise dient die erfindungsgemässe Rollenumformeinrichtung zum Umformen eines mit einer Vielzahl von identischen Geometrieelementen versehenen Materials. Die Geometrieelemente sind vorzugsweise zumindest annähernd äquidistant am Material angeordnet. Die Geometrieelemente können vorzugsweise Löcher sein, insbesondere Langlöcher, die sich in Walzrichtung erstrecken. Die Geometrieelemente können aber z.B. auch hochgestellte Laschen, seitliche Aussparungen oder Ausklinkungen, scharfkantige Taschen oder Falze sein. Die Erfindung kann vorteilhaft bei jeder Anwendung zum Einsatz kommen, bei der eine nachträgliche Einbringung von nicht frei positionierbaren weiteren Geometrieelementen in ein bandförmiges Material erforderlich ist, in welches ein vorausgehender Prozessschritt bereits erste Geometrieelemente eingebracht hat, an denen die erfindungsgemässe Umformrolle über die Mitnehmerelemente fangen und synchronisieren kann. Die Mitnehmerelemente sind nach der Erfindung zusätzlich zur Abformstruktur vorgesehen. Erfindungsgemäss wird das mit den ersten Geometrieelementen versehene Material der Rollenumformeinrichtung zugeführt, wo es dann von der Abformstruktur mit den weiteren Geometrieelementen versehen wird.Preferably, the roller forming device according to the invention is used for reshaping a material provided with a multiplicity of identical geometric elements. The geometric elements are preferably arranged at least approximately equidistantly on the material. The geometry elements may preferably be holes, in particular elongated holes, which extend in the rolling direction. However, the features may be e.g. also superscript tabs, lateral recesses or notches, be sharp-edged pockets or folds. The invention can advantageously be used in any application in which a subsequent introduction of not freely positionable further geometric elements in a band-shaped material is required, in which a previous process step has already introduced first geometric elements at which catch the inventive forming roller on the driver elements and can synchronize. The driver elements are provided according to the invention in addition to the impression structure. According to the invention, the material provided with the first geometric elements is fed to the roll-converting device, where it is then provided with the further geometric elements by the impression structure.
Insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Geometriefreiheit ist es vorteilhaft, dass die Mitnehmerelemente auf der Mantelfläche der Umformrolle angeordnet sind. Hierdurch ist es möglich, mit der Umformrolle auch in den Bereichen, welche sich zwischen den ersten Geometrieelementen befinden, weitere Geometrieelemente zu formen.In particular, with regard to the geometry freedom, it is advantageous that the driver elements are arranged on the lateral surface of the forming roller. This makes it possible, with the forming roller in the areas which are located between the first geometric elements to form further geometric elements.
Weiterhin kann nach der Erfindung vorgesehen sein, dass die Gegenrolle zumindest eine Aussparung für die Mitnehmerelemente aufweist. Hierdurch ist ein zuverlässiger Betrieb auch bei besonders langen Mitnehmerelementen möglich.Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that the counter-roller has at least one recess for the driver elements. As a result, reliable operation is possible even with very long driver elements.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegt darin, dass die Gegenrolle mechanisch mit der Umformrolle so gekoppelt ist, so dass eine Rotation der Umformrolle eine Rotation der Gegenrolle bewirkt. Eine solche Kopplung kann beispielsweise über Zahnräder realisiert werden, die stirnseitig an den beiden Rollen angebracht sind.A further preferred embodiment of the invention is that the counter-roller is mechanically coupled to the forming roller, so that a rotation of the forming roller causes a rotation of the counter-roller. Such a coupling can be realized for example via gears which are mounted on the front side of the two rollers.
Überdies kann es vorteilhaft sein, dass die Gegenrolle auf ihrer Mantelfläche eine Abformstruktur aufweist, die beim Durchlaufen des Materials durch den Walzspalt auf das Material abformt. Gemäss dieser Ausführungsform können auf das Material von beiden Seiten her Geometrieelemente eingebracht werden, so dass die Geometriefreiheit weiter erhöht ist.Moreover, it may be advantageous for the counter-roller to have on its lateral surface an impression structure which, as the material passes through the roller gap, molds it onto the material. According to this embodiment, geometry elements can be introduced on the material from both sides, so that the freedom of geometry is further increased.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, dass die Umformrolle mindestens eine Durchlaufwinkelstellung aufweist, bei der die Umformrolle, insbesondere an ihrer Abformstruktur und an ihren Mitnehmerelementen, von dem durch den Walzspalt hindurch laufenden Material beabstandet ist. In dieser Durchlaufwinkelstellung befindet sich die Umformrolle weder an ihrer Abformstruktur noch an ihren Mitnehmerelementen im Kontakt mit dem durchlaufenden Material. Eine solche Ausgestaltung der Umformrolle ermöglicht es, die Rollendrehung zweitweise zu stoppen oder zumindest zu verlangsamen, während das Material weiterhin mit kontinuierlicher Vorschubgeschwindigkeit durch den Walzspalt hindurch bewegt wird. Damit kann die erfindungsgemässe Rollenumformeinrichtung in vorteilhafter Weise auch bei Materialien eingesetzt werden, bei denen die Abstände der ersten Geometrieelemente, also insbesondere die Lochabstände, mit der Zeit variieren. Denn ein z.B. vorübergehend grösserer Abstand kann dann beispielsweise durch einen zeitlich längeren Stopp der Rollendrehung an der Durchlaufwinkelstellung kompensiert werden. Die Erfindung erlaubt damit auch bei variierendem Lochabstand eine besonders hohe Präzision bei der Umformung, da sie durch die intermittierend reduzierte Drehgeschwindigkeit der Umformrolle auch bei Schwankungen in den Lochabständen stets eine definierte Position des einzubringenden Geometrieelements zu einer Kante des Lochs sicherstellt. Eine Durchlaufwinkelstellung, bei der die Umformrolle von dem durch den Walzspalt hindurch laufenden Material beabstandet ist, kann beispielsweise dadurch zur Verfügung gestellt werden, dass die Mitnehmerelemente in ihrer Abmessung in Walzrichtung kleiner sind als die Lochlänge. In diesem Fall kann ein Durchlauf des Materials relativ zur Rolle dann möglich sein, wenn sich das Mitnehmerelemente im Loch befindet, also in dem Zeitintervall, in dem das Mitnehmerelement im Loch durch das Loch hindurch wandert. Die Durchlaufwinkelstellung kann aber auch durch einen hinreichend grossen Winkelabstand von benachbarten Vorsprüngen auf der Mantelfläche der Umformrolle realisiert werden.It is particularly preferred that the forming roller has at least one passage angle position, in which the forming roller, in particular on its impression structure and on its driver elements, is spaced from the material passing through the roll gap. In this passage angle position, the forming roller is located neither on their impression structure nor on their driver elements in contact with the material passing through. Such a configuration of the forming roller makes it possible to stop or at least slow down the roll rotation in a second manner while the material continues to be moved through the roll gap at a continuous feed rate. Thus, the roll forming device according to the invention can also be advantageously used in materials in which the spacings of the first geometric elements, ie in particular the hole spacings, vary over time. For example, a temporarily greater distance can then be compensated for example by a longer time stop the roll rotation at the passage angle position. The invention thus allows even with varying hole spacing a particularly high precision in forming, since it always ensures a defined position of the introduced geometric element to an edge of the hole by the intermittently reduced rotational speed of the forming roller even with variations in the hole spacings. A passage angle position, in which the forming roller is spaced from the material passing through the nip, can be provided, for example, in that the driver elements are smaller in dimension in the rolling direction than the hole length. In this case, a passage of the material relative to the roller may be possible when the driver elements are in the hole, ie in the time interval in which the driver element travels in the hole through the hole. The passage angle position can also be achieved by a sufficiently large Angular spacing of adjacent projections on the lateral surface of the forming roll can be realized.
Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, dass eine Bremse zum Abbremsen der Umformrolle vorgesehen ist. Eine solche Bremse kann beispielsweise gewährleisten, dass die Umformrolle nach dem Ausfädeln eines Mitnehmerelements aus einem Loch und/oder bei Erreichen der Durchlaufwinkelstellung abbremst anstatt aufgrund ihrer Massenträgheit unvermindert weiterzudrehen, so dass beispielsweise ein unkontrolliertes Anschlagen des nachfolgenden Mitnehmerelements im Loch und/oder ein ungewollter verfrühter Eingriff der nachfolgenden Abformstruktur verhindert werden kann.Furthermore, it is advantageous that a brake is provided for braking the forming roller. Such a brake can ensure, for example, that the Umformrolle brakes after the unthreading of a driver element from a hole and / or upon reaching the passage angle position continues to rotate unabated due to their inertia, so that, for example, an uncontrolled striking the subsequent driver element in the hole and / or an unwanted premature Intervention of the subsequent impression structure can be prevented.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegt darin, dass zumindest eines der Mitnehmerelemente an seiner Spitze einen Reibungsminderer zum Vermindern der Reibung zwischen dem Mitnehmerelement und dem Material aufweist. Der Reibungsminderer kann beispielsweise zumindest ein Gleitelement oder zumindest eine Rolle aufweisen. Diese Weiterbildung hat erkannt, dass unter Umständen eine Gefahr besteht, dass das Material durch eine Kante des stiftförmigen Mitnehmerelements verkratzt wird, und zwar insbesondere dann, wenn die Umformrolle nach dem Ausfädeln des Mitnehmerelements aus dem Loch, z.B. aufgrund einer starken Bremse, abrupt stehen bleibt. Der Reibungsminderer kann gewährleisten, dass das bandförmige Material auch in dieser Rollenposition möglichst beschädigungsfrei durchlaufen kann.A further preferred embodiment of the invention is that at least one of the driver elements has at its tip a friction reducer for reducing the friction between the driver element and the material. The friction reducer may, for example, comprise at least one sliding element or at least one roller. This development has recognized that there may be a risk that the material will be scratched by an edge of the pin-shaped driving element, especially if the forming roller after the threading of the driver element out of the hole, e.g. due to a strong brake, stops abruptly. The friction reducer can ensure that the band-shaped material can pass through as free of damage as possible in this role position.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, dass die Umformrolle mehrteilig mit zumindest einem ersten Rollenteil, an dem zumindest ein Teil der Abformstruktur angeordnet ist, und mit zumindest einem zweiten Rollenteil, an dem zumindest ein Teil der Mitnehmerelemente angeordnet ist, ausgeführt ist, wobei das erste Rollenteil und das zweite Rollenteil relativ zueinander verdrehbar sind. Hierdurch kann beispielsweise eine Justierung der Position der von der Umformrolle eingeformten weiteren Geometrieelemente zum Lochbild vorgenommen werden. Demgemäss sind die beiden Rollenteile erfindungsgemäss um die Drehachse der Umformrolle relativ zueinander verdrehbar. Die beiden Rollenteile können insbesondere scheibenförmig ausgebildet sein. Die Umformrolle kann auch mehr als zwei relativ zueinander verdrehbare Rollenteile aufweisen.It is particularly preferred that the forming roller is designed in several parts with at least one first roller part, on which at least a part of the impression structure is arranged, and with at least one second roller part, on which at least a part of the driver elements is arranged, wherein the first roller part and the second roller part are rotatable relative to each other. In this way, for example, an adjustment of the position of the molded by the forming further geometrical elements to the hole pattern can be made. Accordingly, according to the invention, the two roller parts can be rotated relative to one another about the axis of rotation of the forming roller. The two roller parts may in particular be disc-shaped. The forming roller can also have more than two relatively rotatable roller parts.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Vorrichtung zum Umformen eines Materials, mit einer Einrichtung, insbesondere Presse, zum Einbringen von Geometrieelementen in das Material, und einer erfindungsgemässen Rollenumformeinrichtung zum Umformen des mit den Geometrieelementen versehenen Materials. Da die Geometrieelemente vorzugsweise Löcher sind, kann die Presse insbesondere eine Stanzpresse sein. Die Rollenumformeinrichtung ist erfindungsgemäss der Stanzpresse prozessmässig nachgeschaltet. Die Rollenumformeinrichtung kann auch weitere Umformrollen, insbesondere Biegerollen aufweisen, und Teil einer Walzprofilieranlage sein. Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung dient vorzugsweise zur Herstellung von Installationsschienen. Da erfindungsgemäss die Dimensionierung der Rollenumformeinrichtung, insbesondere ihrer Umformrolle, von der Dimensionierung des umzuformenden Materials abhängen kann, kann die Erfindung auch eine Umformanordnung bestehend aus einem erfindungsgemässen mit Geometrieelementen versehenen Material und der erfindungsgemässen Rollenumformeinrichtung zum Umformen des mit den Geometrieelementen versehenen Materials umfassen.The invention also relates to a device for forming a material, comprising a device, in particular a press, for introducing geometric elements into the material, and a roller-forming device according to the invention for reshaping the material provided with the geometric elements. Since the geometric elements are preferably holes In particular, the press may be a punch press. The roll forming device according to the invention is downstream of the punch press process. The Rollenumformeinrichtung may also have other forming rollers, in particular bending rollers, and be part of a roll forming. The inventive device is preferably used for the production of installation rails. Since, according to the invention, the dimensioning of the roll forming device, in particular its forming roll, can depend on the dimensioning of the material to be formed, the invention may also comprise a forming arrangement consisting of a material provided with geometric elements according to the invention and the roll forming device according to the invention for forming the material provided with the geometric elements.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert, die schematisch in den beiliegenden Figuren dargestellt sind. In den Figuren zeigen schematisch:
- Figur 1:
- eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung zum Umformen eines Materials, welche eine erfindungsgemässe Rollenumformeinrichtung aufweist;
- Figur 2:
- eine erfindungsgemässe Rollenumformeinrichtung bei Blick in Walzrichtung; und
- Figur 3:
- die erfindungsgemässe Rollenumformeinrichtung aus
Figur 2 bei Blick senkrecht zur Walzrichtung.
- FIG. 1:
- an apparatus according to the invention for shaping a material which has a roll-forming device according to the invention;
- FIG. 2:
- a roll forming device according to the invention when viewed in the rolling direction; and
- FIG. 3:
- the inventive Rollenumformeinrichtung from
FIG. 2 when looking perpendicular to the rolling direction.
Eine erfindungsgemässe Rollenumformeinrichtung beispielsweise zur Verwendung in einer Vorrichtung nach
Die in den
Die Umformrolle 5 ist dreiteilig ausgebildet und weist zwei scheibenförmige erste Rollenteile 1, 1' sowie ein zwischen den Rollenteilen 1, 1' angeordnetes scheibenförmiges zweites Rollenteil 2 auf. Auf der Mantelfläche der ersten Rollenteilen 1, 1' ist eine Abformstruktur 4 vorgesehen, die im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel aus einer Vielzahl von Vorsprüngen besteht. Auf der Mantelfläche des zweiten Rollenteils 2 ist eine Vielzahl von stiftförmigen Mitnehmerelementen 3 über den Umfang der Umformrolle 5 äquidistant verteilt angeordnet. Die Gegenrolle 12 weist in ihrer Mantelfläche eine ringnutförmige Aussparung 13 auf, die mit den Mitnehmerelementen 3 korrespondiert.The forming
Wie insbesondere in
Die Umformrolle 5 ist dabei so ausgebildet, dass bei bestimmten Durchlaufwinkelstellungen bezogen auf die Drehachse 21 kein Kontakt zwischen der Umformrolle 5 und dem bandförmigen Material 6 besteht, so dass die Drehung der Umformrolle 5 um die Drehachse 21 intermittierend langsamer werden oder stoppen kann, während das Material kontinuierlich in Walzrichtung 30 weiterläuft. Die verlangsamte oder gestoppte Drehung ermöglicht einerseits einen Ausgleich von eventuellen Schwankungen im Abstand der als Löcher ausgebildeten Geometrieelemente 7, und ermöglicht andererseits, die im Vergleich zur Lochlänge geringere Dicke der Mitnehmerelemente 3 zu überbrücken.The forming
Die einzelnen Rollenteile 1, 1', 2 sind um die Drehachse 21 gegeneinander verdrehbar ausgeführt, so dass die Winkelposition der Abformstruktur 4 relativ zu den Mitnehmerelementen 3 und damit die Position der von der Umformrolle 5 geformten zweiten Geometrieelemente 9 zu den als Löchern ausgebildeten ersten Geometrieelementen 7 variabel ist.The
Claims (10)
wobei die Umformrolle (5) auf ihrer Mantelfläche eine Abformstruktur (4) aufweist, die beim Durchlaufen des Materials (6) durch den Walzspalt (20) auf das Material (6) abformt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Umformrolle (5) Mitnehmerelemente (3) für einen Eingriff mit den Geometrieelementen (7) des durch den Walzspalt (20) hindurch laufenden Materials (6) aufweist.A roll forming device (82) for reshaping or marking a material (6) provided with geometric elements (7), in particular holes, with at least one forming roller (5) and at least one counter element, in particular a counter roller (12), wherein between the forming roller (5) and the counter element is formed a roll gap (20) for passing the material (6), and
wherein the forming roller (5) has on its lateral surface an impression structure (4) which, as it passes through the material (6), forms on the material (6) through the roll gap (20),
characterized,
that the forming roller (5) carrier elements (3) for engagement with the geometric elements (7) through the nip (20) passing therethrough material (6).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Mitnehmerelemente (3) auf der Mantelfläche der Umformrolle (5) angeordnet sind.A roll forming device (82) according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the driver elements (3) are arranged on the lateral surface of the forming roller (5).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Gegenrolle (12) zumindest eine Aussparung (13) für die Mitnehmerelemente (3) aufweist.A roll forming device (82) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the counter-roller (12) has at least one recess (13) for the driver elements (3).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Gegenrolle (12) mechanisch mit der Umformrolle (5) so gekoppelt ist, so dass eine Rotation der Umformrolle (5) eine Rotation der Gegenrolle (12) bewirkt.A roll forming device (82) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the counter-roller (12) is mechanically coupled to the forming roller (5) so that a rotation of the forming roller (5) causes a rotation of the counter-roller (12).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Gegenrolle (12) auf ihrer Mantelfläche eine Abformstruktur aufweist, die beim Durchlaufen des Materials (6) durch den Walzspalt (20) auf das Material (6) abformt.A roll forming device (82) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the counter-roller (12) has an impression structure on its lateral surface which, as the material (6) passes through the roll gap (20), is shaped onto the material (6).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Umformrolle (5) mindestens eine Durchlaufwinkelstellung aufweist, bei der die Umformrolle (5), insbesondere an ihrer Abformstruktur (4) und an ihren Mitnehmerelementen (3), von dem durch den Walzspalt (20) hindurch laufenden Material (6) beabstandet ist.A roll forming device (82) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the forming roller (5) has at least one continuous angular position in which the forming roller (5), in particular on its Abformstruktur (4) and at its carrier elements (3), running from the through the nip (20) through material (6) is spaced ,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass eine Bremse zum Abbremsen der Umformrolle (5) vorgesehen ist.A roll forming device (82) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that a brake for braking the forming roller (5) is provided.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass zumindest eines der Mitnehmerelemente (3) an seiner Spitze einen Reibungsminderer zum Vermindern der Reibung zwischen dem Mitnehmerelement (3) und dem Material (6) aufweist.A roll forming device (82) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that at least one of the driver elements (3) has at its tip a friction reducer for reducing the friction between the driver element (3) and the material (6).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Umformrolle (5) mehrteilig mit zumindest einem ersten Rollenteil (1), an dem zumindest ein Teil der Abformstruktur (4) angeordnet ist, und mit zumindest einem zweiten Rollenteil (2), an dem zumindest ein Teil der Mitnehmerelemente (3) angeordnet ist, ausgeführt ist, wobei das erste Rollenteil (1) und das zweite Rollenteil (2) relativ zueinander verdrehbar sind.A roll forming device (82) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the forming roller (5) in multiple parts with at least one first roller part (1) on which at least a part of Abformstruktur (4) is arranged, and at least a second roller member (2) on which arranged at least a part of the driver elements (3) is executed, wherein the first roller part (1) and the second roller part (2) are rotatable relative to each other.
einer Einrichtung, insbesondere Presse (81), zum Einbringen von Geometrieelementen (7), insbesondere Löchern, in das Material (6), und
einer Rollenumformeinrichtung (82) zum Umformen des mit den Geometrieelementen (7) versehenen Materials (6) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche.Device for forming a material (6), with
a device, in particular press (81), for introducing geometric elements (7), in particular holes, into the material (6), and
a Rollenumformeinrichtung (82) for forming the provided with the geometric elements (7) material (6) according to any one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011005401A DE102011005401A1 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2011-03-11 | Roll forming device for forming a band-shaped metal material |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2497582A1 true EP2497582A1 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
EP2497582B1 EP2497582B1 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
Family
ID=45655195
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP12152087.8A Active EP2497582B1 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-01-23 | Rolling device for reshaping a strip-shaped metal material |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9308573B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2497582B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2770707A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011005401A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2497582T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
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KR101576127B1 (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2015-12-09 | 한국제이씨씨(주) | Apparatus for forming current collector |
CN105499456B (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2017-10-24 | 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 | A kind of metal-rubber rolling forming device |
CN107824670B (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-01-18 | 重庆市璧山区强顺机械有限公司 | Method for accessory punching press |
Citations (5)
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US4047417A (en) * | 1975-10-16 | 1977-09-13 | Johns-Manville Corporation | Deeply embossed sheet product and method and apparatus for the production thereof |
US4233833A (en) * | 1978-06-05 | 1980-11-18 | United States Gypsum Company | Method for stretching sheet metal and structural members formed therefrom |
EP0040316A1 (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1981-11-25 | Kurt Held | Method of profiling a metal strip, particularly of a band in double band presses |
DE19818234A1 (en) * | 1998-04-23 | 1999-10-28 | Volkswagen Ag | Roller shaping device for making roller or roll strip elements |
EP1847340A1 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2007-10-24 | HILTI Aktiengesellschaft | Open lateral profile |
Family Cites Families (9)
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US2346163A (en) * | 1941-07-05 | 1944-04-11 | Standard Register Co | Combination roll and interchangeable wheel |
US2782487A (en) * | 1950-05-12 | 1957-02-26 | Properzi Ilario | Device for making metal pellets, particularly for shotguns |
US2754581A (en) * | 1954-01-21 | 1956-07-17 | Rigidized Metals Corp | Method of producing ornamental metallic sheets |
US3613427A (en) * | 1969-04-28 | 1971-10-19 | Aluminum Co Of America | Forming die structure |
JPS5319967A (en) * | 1976-08-07 | 1978-02-23 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Roll processing device |
DE3835460A1 (en) * | 1988-10-18 | 1990-04-19 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COOLING AND LUBRICATING METAL METALS WITHOUT CHANGE, IN PARTICULAR FOR COOLING AND LUBRICATING ROLLS AND ROLLING GOODS IN COLD ROLLS IN A ROLLING DEVICE |
US5395028A (en) * | 1992-11-18 | 1995-03-07 | Sony Electronics, Inc. | Apparatus for transporting thin metal sheets longitudinally with transverse tension |
US8033973B1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2011-10-11 | Evans Daniel R | Pin wheel roller assembly |
ATE552925T1 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2012-04-15 | Hilti Ag | METHOD FOR REDUCING THE THICKNESS OF ONE-PIECE ROLLING STOCK |
-
2011
- 2011-03-11 DE DE102011005401A patent/DE102011005401A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-01-23 DK DK12152087.8T patent/DK2497582T3/en active
- 2012-01-23 EP EP12152087.8A patent/EP2497582B1/en active Active
- 2012-03-06 CA CA2770707A patent/CA2770707A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-07 US US13/414,505 patent/US9308573B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4047417A (en) * | 1975-10-16 | 1977-09-13 | Johns-Manville Corporation | Deeply embossed sheet product and method and apparatus for the production thereof |
US4233833A (en) * | 1978-06-05 | 1980-11-18 | United States Gypsum Company | Method for stretching sheet metal and structural members formed therefrom |
EP0040316A1 (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1981-11-25 | Kurt Held | Method of profiling a metal strip, particularly of a band in double band presses |
DE19818234A1 (en) * | 1998-04-23 | 1999-10-28 | Volkswagen Ag | Roller shaping device for making roller or roll strip elements |
EP1847340A1 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2007-10-24 | HILTI Aktiengesellschaft | Open lateral profile |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120234064A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
DK2497582T3 (en) | 2014-03-10 |
DE102011005401A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
CA2770707A1 (en) | 2012-09-11 |
US9308573B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
EP2497582B1 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
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