EP2442874B1 - Equipment for controlling a train fire in a long railway tunnel and method for implementing same - Google Patents

Equipment for controlling a train fire in a long railway tunnel and method for implementing same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2442874B1
EP2442874B1 EP10728831.8A EP10728831A EP2442874B1 EP 2442874 B1 EP2442874 B1 EP 2442874B1 EP 10728831 A EP10728831 A EP 10728831A EP 2442874 B1 EP2442874 B1 EP 2442874B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
train
fire
extinguishing
station
tunnel
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EP10728831.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2442874A1 (en
Inventor
Bruno Bouthors
Pascal Hochart
François LEVERT
Christian Maquaire
Vincent Massy
Serge Poncet
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France Manche SA
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France Manche SA
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Publication of EP2442874A1 publication Critical patent/EP2442874A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
    • B61L15/0062—On-board target speed calculation or supervision
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
    • B61L25/025—Absolute localisation, e.g. providing geodetic coordinates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
    • B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
    • B61L27/53—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for trackside elements or systems, e.g. trackside supervision of trackside control system conditions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an installation for combating a train fire in a railway tunnel of great length, including a train such as a shuttle carrying vehicles including heavy goods vehicles.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop means making it possible to considerably reduce the intervention time on a fire in a train, in particular a shuttle loaded with vehicles such as heavy goods vehicles, in a railway tunnel of great length, and to control very quickly fire to limit both damage to the train and infrastructure.
  • the installation according to the invention which comprises one and in general at least two extinguishing stations insofar as the tunnel of great length consists of a tube for the circulation of the trains in a direction and a tube for the circulation of trains in the other direction and that, therefore, the facilities are advantageously coupled to the two tunnels since their length is substantially the same.
  • the installation makes it possible to fight very quickly, in the space of a few minutes against a beginning of fire, even a fire already triggered, while avoiding that the fire develops in its initial phase after its detection and this thanks to driving the train at speed backup and then benefiting from exceptional conditions to reduce the fire thanks to a high-pressure extinguishing liquid mist and in particular a mist of water.
  • This fog is advantageously limited and concentrated on the area concerned by the fire to avoid excessive destruction and especially to be able to more easily identify the fire and get through it very quickly.
  • the extinguishing liquid is water, if any, filled with an extinguishing agent, and which is sprayed in the form of water mist on the part of the burning train and the adjacent parts in the extinguishing station and also water curtains one at the front, the other at the rear of the train and a third at the center of the station can be put into operation by the action of a command to distance or local.
  • the extinguishing station is equipped with several extinguisher liquid spray ramps, each ramp belonging to a fire extinguishing device, controlled separately for spraying extinguishing liquid only on the firebox and on three or four adjacent zones. detected by the automatisms, to frame the fire.
  • the extinguishing station is equipped with a system for locating the fire, consisting of detectors and cameras, ensuring the detection of the position of the focus in the train and giving an image of the focus by camera, especially infrared.
  • the location of the focus is realized in the extinguishing station and the extinguishing means are controlled according to this precise location.
  • the tunnel consists of two tubes for running trains in one direction and in the other and each of the two tubes are equipped substantially at the same place with a fire extinguishing station.
  • the installation comprises a decentralized control station, manual, in the vicinity of an extinguishing station to directly take control of the extinguishing systems by manual intervention.
  • the invention also relates to a method of combating a train fire in a railway tunnel of great length as defined in claim 8.
  • the trains are detected during their passage in front of fire detectors tunnel (flames, fumes, CO) and / or in the event of triggering of the on-board detection of a fire signal then reported by the driver, the fire signal transmitted by the fixed detectors and / or by the driver is checked, and the train is ordered detected to flow at the backup speed stabilizing the focus and / or stopping its progression.
  • the invention relates to a facility for combating a train fire in a long railway tunnel, including a train such as a truck transport shuttle.
  • the railway tunnel is represented by its track 100 on which the trains TR or shuttles circulate in a certain direction (arrow d).
  • Such a tunnel 100 is generally composed of two tubes 100A, 100B, one by circulation in the forward direction and the other in the return direction. These tubes are generally combined with a service tunnel 100C through which the fluid lines and the power supply as well as the service personnel and, where applicable, the service vehicles pass.
  • the service tunnel 100C is generally located between the two circulation tubes 100A, 100B and communicates therewith via access passages 110 and boreholes 110a.
  • the passages 110 allow both access to the tubes for maintenance work and also serving as an emergency exit for the evacuation of passengers from a stopped train, to the secure zone constituted by the service tunnel or zones protected areas to which the service tunnel provides access.
  • the access passages 110 are normally closed to isolate each of the tubes.
  • each tube 100 along its length is provided with at least one installation 120 for fighting against a train fire or part of a train; these installations 120 are distributed on the layout of each tube 100, 100A, 100B according to safety considerations, so that a TRO train on which a fire has been detected can reach the active part 20 of the installation in which is the treatment of the fire (extinction). If, because of a too short stopping distance, the detected TRO train can not stop in the first active part 20 that it encounters, it is conducted according to the procedure described later, to the next active part 20 of installation.
  • the TRO train on which a fire has been detected is circulated in accordance with the security requirements while at a reduced traffic speed, referred to as the backup speed Vs, which slows down the development of the firebox. Only when approaching the active part 20 of the installation, in the stopping zone ZA, the train TRO passes below this backup speed Vs to stop.
  • the installation 120 generally consists of equipment placed all along the tunnel 100 (that is to say, each of the tubes 100A, 100B), equipment embedded in the trains TR and active parts 20 distributed in such a way. spaced in the tunnel; the assembly is managed by a central control 30 and, where appropriate, decentralized controls associated with each active part 20 or group of active parts and likely to take control of the local hand instead of the central control 30.
  • Central control 30, generally outside the tunnel, is combined with at least one active part 20, in general all of the active parts 20 of a tube 100A or 100B or, more generally, with all tubes, that is to say the tunnel 100.
  • the installation consists of a set of fixed detectors 10 distributed along the track in the railway tunnels and whose individual position is known, as well as an active part constituted by an extinguishing station 20 preceded upstream a stop zone ZA according to the direction of movement of the trains (arrow d).
  • a train TR is represented as flowing on the track in the direction of the arrow (d).
  • the tunnel 100 is equipped with controlled ventilation systems to manage the air circulation in the tunnel in order to control the flow of fumes and protect the safety of people.
  • the extinguishing station 20 is a tunnel zone whose length (L) is at least equal to that of a train TR or to the maximum length of the trains or shuttles flowing in the tunnel 100, increased with safety distances.
  • the station 20 has a materialized reference point P0 at which the train TRO must stop in the event of an incident.
  • the station 20 is provided with an extinguishing system 21 formed of extinguishing devices 22a, b, c such as high-pressure spraying booms with extinguishing liquid, for example water loaded or not with a chemical agent. and producing a mist of water. Water curtains located at the front, in the center, at the back of the station can be used.
  • the extinguishing installation 21 is also equipped along its entire length with detectors 23 making it possible to precisely locate the location of the hearth on the train and to allow the extinguishing devices 21a, b, c to be controlled independently of each other. to treat the burned part of the train and the bordering parts.
  • the installation 120 is equipped with a control unit 30 common to several extinguishing stations 20.
  • the central unit 30 is connected to the fixed detectors 10, to the detectors 23 of the extinguishing stations 20 to receive the fire signals S10, S23 emitted by the detectors, compare them with one another and with reference thresholds or models to check the plausibility of a fire or start of fire and to control the movement of trains upstream and downstream of the detected train TRO object of a fire and also to control the detected TRO train to take extinction countermeasures.
  • the control 30 is connected to the extinguishing system 21 to first control the preparation of the station 20 even before the arrival of the train, so that the extinguishing station starts the extinguishing operation as soon as the train is stopped there.
  • the control command 30 manages the entire march of the burned TRO train by controlling via its driver, its circulation speed Vc by slowing down the train to the backup speed Vs.
  • This speed Vs is set at a level such that the fire can develop and propagate only slowly so that the train can reach the next extinguishing station.
  • the backup speed Vs is a lower limit speed below which the train TRO must not circulate in order not to favor the development of the hearth. Above this backup speed Vs, the focus may be fanned by the driving wind. It is the same below this backup speed.
  • the backup speed is obtained by testing or modeling.
  • the speed must be reduced because it is necessary to close the piston branches to avoid the passage of fumes from one tunnel to another.
  • the course at the backup speed Vs continues before entering the extinguishing station 20 and the stopping of the train is done by a deceleration phase on the stopping zone, to go from the backup speed Vs to zero speed, that is to say at rest.
  • the management of train traffic also takes into account the speeds normally imposed on the journey.
  • the stopping zone ZA is located upstream of the extinguishing station 20, it extends in practice to the stopping point P0 of the train in the station 20.
  • the extinguishing station 20 is also equipped with a local control 24 to replace the central control 30 in the event of an incident or to directly manage extinguishing operations on site, for example during a firefighters intervention.
  • the state of the train TRO in the extinguishing station 20 is controlled in addition to the detectors 23, by cameras 25, in particular infrared cameras transmitting the images to the central control 30 and / or the local control 21 directly or by the central control 30.
  • Detectors 10 equipping the track in railway tunnels are detectors of flames, fumes or carbon dioxide CO. These detectors are also present in the extinguishing stations 20.
  • the information transmission links between the stationary detectors 10 of the tunnel and those 23 of the extinguishing station 20 are made by cables and in particular a bus.
  • the connection between the central control 30 and the trains TR is done by radio.
  • the extinguishant liquid supply of the extinguishing installation 21 is provided by a supply system 26 consisting of tanks, pumps and connections on a water distribution network. These means are schematically represented by a circle.
  • the figure 1 shows in its lower part, the speed profile of a train TR0, upstream of an extinguishing station 20; after detection of a fire on board (flames, fumes, CO) the curve shows the transition to the backup speed Vs from the cruising speed Vc, then after a run to the backup speed Vs and arrival in the zone stopping ZA and then reducing the speed until it stops in the extinguishing station 20.
  • a fire on board flames, fumes, CO
  • the figure 2 which has been partially described above, represents a part of a tunnel 100 composed of two tubes 100A, 100B for the circulation in the opposite direction and an intermediate service tunnel 100C.
  • the figure 2 also shows the 100D, 100E intervals between these three parts of the tunnel. These intervals are equipped with technical rooms which are either technical rooms 110 or boreholes 110a for crossing tube vaults and the passage of conduits 221a, b, c connected to the spray bars 22a, b, c.
  • Drilling is carried out in existing tunnels using civil engineering techniques.
  • FIG. 2 The example of installation represented in figure 2 is interesting because it shows the combination of two extinguishing stations 20, 20 'in the form of a paired set located at the same place (kilometric point) in the tunnel which simplifies the supply of extinguishing liquid 26 by means common such as the connection 260 on a water distribution network, feed pumps 261, a manifold 262 connected by solenoid valves 263 to the conduits 221a, b, c themselves connected to the ramps 222a, b, c.
  • the scheme of the figure 3 shows an example of a TRO train in which a fire has been detected and which is now in the extinguishing station 20.
  • the detector 23 located precisely the outbreak that occurred on a truck.
  • the central control then triggered the ramps 22e and 22c on either side of the hearth and the ramp 22d facing the fireplace so as to confine the fire to a reduced track length.
  • the figure 4 shows a practical example of an installation of the type of figure 2 , whose tunnel 100 consists of two tubes 100A, 100B and a service tunnel 100C.
  • the traffic tunnels 100A, 100B are connected by 100F, 100G junctions allowing the trains to pass from one tube to the other to neutralize a tube segment for work or other reasons.
  • the two tubes 100A, 100B are each equipped with two stations 20 on the track segment which represents a dozen or fifteen kilometers.
  • the tubes 100A, 100B and the service tunnel 100C are connected by access passages 130.
  • the technical rooms are designated 110.
  • the extinguishing stations 20 have the structure of that described above and the detectors installed in the tubes along the tracks are not shown.
  • This figure 4 also gives dimensional indications in meters.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
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  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
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Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

La présente invention concerne une installation de lutte contre un incendie de train dans un tunnel ferroviaire de grande longueur, notamment d'un train tel qu'une navette transportant des véhicules et notamment des poids lourds.The present invention relates to an installation for combating a train fire in a railway tunnel of great length, including a train such as a shuttle carrying vehicles including heavy goods vehicles.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Il existe différents moyens de lutte contre un incendie de train dans un tunnel ferroviaire de grande longueur. Ces moyens consistent en général à gérer la circulation des trains en aval et en amont du train incendié et accéder au train incendié en passant soit par le tunnel ferroviaire, soit en complément par le tunnel de service. Mais ces moyens de lutte contre l'incendie sont des moyens traditionnels ayant pour principal inconvénient de nécessiter un temps de mise en oeuvre très long, par exemple de l'ordre d'une heure dans le cas d'un tunnel ferroviaire de grande longueur, ce qui permet au feu d'atteindre toute sa puissance et de provoquer des dommages importants non seulement sur le train mais également des dommages considérables dans l'infrastructure du tunnel.There are different ways to fight a train fire in a long railway tunnel. These means generally consist of managing the movement of trains downstream and upstream of the fire train and access to the fire train either through the railway tunnel, or in addition through the service tunnel. But these fire-fighting means are traditional means having the main disadvantage of requiring a very long implementation time, for example of the order of one hour in the case of a railway tunnel of great length, which allows the fire to reach its full power and cause significant damage not only on the train but also considerable damage in the tunnel infrastructure.

De tels dommages sont d'autant plus graves que leur réparation est longue et délicate à cause des conditions d'accès au chantier de réparation et des conséquences liées à la neutralisation partielle ou totale du tunnel.Such damage is all the more serious as their repair is long and delicate because of the conditions of access to the repair yard and the consequences of the partial or total neutralization of the tunnel.

De tels problèmes d'incendie se posent surtout dans le cas de tunnels ferroviaires de grande longueur c'est-à-dire dont la longueur ne permet pas à un train, objet d'un début d'incendie, de continuer à circuler pour espérer atteindre la sortie du tunnel pour permettre alors l'extinction du feu.Such fire problems arise especially in the case of long railway tunnels that is to say the length of which does not allow a train, the object of a beginning of fire, to continue to circulate to hope reach the exit of the tunnel to then allow the extinction of the fire.

But de l'inventionPurpose of the invention

La présente invention a pour but de développer des moyens permettant de réduire considérablement le temps d'intervention sur un incendie dans un train, notamment une navette chargée de véhicules tels que des poids lourds, dans un tunnel ferroviaire de grande longueur, et de maîtriser très rapidement le feu pour limiter à la fois les dommages au train et à l'infrastructure.The object of the present invention is to develop means making it possible to considerably reduce the intervention time on a fire in a train, in particular a shuttle loaded with vehicles such as heavy goods vehicles, in a railway tunnel of great length, and to control very quickly fire to limit both damage to the train and infrastructure.

Exposé et avantages de l'inventionDescription and advantages of the invention

A cet effet, l'invention concerne une installation telle que définie dans la revendication 1. L'installation comprend

  1. A- un ensemble de détecteurs d'incendie fixes, installés le long de la voie sur l'ensemble du tunnel, d'un ensemble de détecteurs d'incendie embarqués dans les trains,
  2. B- au moins une station fixe d'extinction, installée dans le tunnel sur une longueur au moins égale à celle d'un train et comprenant un équipement d'extinction formé de dispositifs de pulvérisation d'un liquide extincteur, ces dispositifs étant commandés individuellement et répartis sur la longueur de la station d'extinction,
  3. C- un ensemble de détecteurs d'incendie installés le long de la station pour détecter un foyer sur un train et le localiser,
  4. D- une zone d'arrêt de train, en amont de la station d'extinction et dans laquelle le train détecté, passe à sa vitesse nulle pour être arrêté dans une position précise dans la station d'extinction,
  5. E- une centrale de commande, reliée aux détecteurs fixes (flamme, fumée, CO) en tunnel, aux détecteurs fixes (température) de la station d'extinction pour recevoir les signaux d'incendie pour
    • contrôler l'information d'incendie confirmé par la mise en relation des signaux reçus et/ou information d'une alarme incendie embarquée,
    • ordonner la réduction de vitesse du train, de sa vitesse de croisière à une vitesse réduite de sauvegarde,
    • ordonner l'arrêt du train dans la prochaine station d'extinction rencontrée,
    • détecter la position du foyer sur le train en feu et configurer automatiquement les dispositifs de pulvérisation de liquide extincteur sur le foyer et les parties du foyer encadrantes, déclenchement des dispositifs par l'action d'une commande à distance ou locale.
For this purpose, the invention relates to an installation as defined in claim 1. The installation comprises
  1. A- a set of fixed fire detectors installed along the track over the entire tunnel, a set of fire detectors embedded in trains,
  2. B- at least one fixed extinguishing station, installed in the tunnel over a length at least equal to that of a train and including extinguishing equipment consisting of devices for spraying an extinguishing liquid, these devices being controlled individually and spread out along the length of the extinguishing station,
  3. C- a set of fire detectors installed along the station to detect a focus on a train and locate it,
  4. D- a train stopping zone, upstream of the extinguishing station and in which the detected train, passes at its zero speed to be stopped in a precise position in the extinguishing station,
  5. E- a control unit, connected to the fixed detectors (flame, smoke, CO) in tunnel, to the fixed detectors (temperature) of the extinguishing station to receive the fire signals for
    • control the confirmed fire information by linking the received signals and / or information of an on-board fire alarm,
    • order the speed reduction of the train, from its cruising speed to a reduced speed of backup,
    • order the train to stop at the next extinguishing station encountered,
    • detect the position of the firebox on the burning train and automatically configure the fire extinguisher spraying devices on the firebox and the surrounding fireboxes, triggering the devices by remote or local control.

L'installation selon l'invention qui comporte une et en général au moins deux stations d'extinction dans la mesure où le tunnel de grande longueur se compose d'un tube pour la circulation des trains dans une direction et un tube pour la circulation des trains dans l'autre direction et que de ce fait, les installations sont avantageusement couplées pour les deux tunnels puisque leur longueur est sensiblement la même.The installation according to the invention which comprises one and in general at least two extinguishing stations insofar as the tunnel of great length consists of a tube for the circulation of the trains in a direction and a tube for the circulation of trains in the other direction and that, therefore, the facilities are advantageously coupled to the two tunnels since their length is substantially the same.

L'installation permet de lutter très rapidement, en l'espace de quelques minutes contre un début d'incendie, voire un incendie déjà déclenché, tout en évitant que l'incendie ne se développe dans sa phase initiale après sa détection et cela grâce à la conduite du train à la vitesse de sauvegarde puis en bénéficiant de conditions exceptionnelles pour réduire l'incendie grâce à un brouillard de liquide extincteur à haute pression et notamment un brouillard d'eau. Ce brouillard est avantageusement limité et concentré sur la zone concernée par l'incendie pour éviter des destructions trop importantes et surtout pour pouvoir cerner plus facilement l'incendie et en arriver à bout très rapidement. Cette intervention très localisée sur un foyer lui-même localisé permet une lutte efficace contre l'incendie tout en consommant des quantités d'eau compatibles avec la situation très particulière du poste d'extinction dans un tunnel de grande longueur, à des endroits où l'on dispose de réserves d'eau relativement limitées ou dont l'alimentation en eau est assurée par des débits relativement limités. Enfin, la réduction des quantités d'eau utilisée évite des dommages secondaires et souvent importants à l'endroit où se fait l'intervention.The installation makes it possible to fight very quickly, in the space of a few minutes against a beginning of fire, even a fire already triggered, while avoiding that the fire develops in its initial phase after its detection and this thanks to driving the train at speed backup and then benefiting from exceptional conditions to reduce the fire thanks to a high-pressure extinguishing liquid mist and in particular a mist of water. This fog is advantageously limited and concentrated on the area concerned by the fire to avoid excessive destruction and especially to be able to more easily identify the fire and get through it very quickly. This very localized intervention on a localized hearth allows an effective fight against the fire while consuming quantities of water compatible with the very particular situation of the extinguisher station in a tunnel of great length, in places where the there are relatively limited water supplies or the water supply is provided by relatively small flows. Finally, reducing the amount of water used avoids secondary and often significant damage to the place where the intervention is made.

La gestion du volume de flux d'air dans le tunnel ferroviaire suite au démarrage de la station de ventilation (en phase d'arrêt du train) chassant la fumée pour protéger les passagers du train dans lequel un foyer a été détecté permet de réduire la vitesse de développement et de propagation de l'incendie sur le train dans la station d'extinction.The management of the airflow volume in the rail tunnel following the start of the ventilation station (during the stopping phase of the train), which drives the smoke to protect the passengers of the train in which a focus has been detected, makes it possible to reduce the speed of development and spread of the fire on the train in the extinguishing station.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, le liquide extincteur est de l'eau chargée, le cas échéant, d'un agent d'extinction, et qui est pulvérisée sous forme de brouillard d'eau sur la partie du train incendié et les parties adjacentes dans la station d'extinction et également des rideaux d'eau l'un à l'avant, l'autre à l'arrière du train et un troisième au centre de la station peuvent être mis en fonctionnement par l'action d'une commande à distance ou locale.According to another characteristic, the extinguishing liquid is water, if any, filled with an extinguishing agent, and which is sprayed in the form of water mist on the part of the burning train and the adjacent parts in the extinguishing station and also water curtains one at the front, the other at the rear of the train and a third at the center of the station can be put into operation by the action of a command to distance or local.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, la station d'extinction est équipée de plusieurs rampes de pulvérisation de liquide extincteur, chaque rampe appartenant à un dispositif d'extinction, commandé séparément pour ne pulvériser du liquide extincteur que sur le foyer et sur trois ou quatre zones adjacentes détectées par les automatismes, pour cadrer l'incendie.According to another characteristic, the extinguishing station is equipped with several extinguisher liquid spray ramps, each ramp belonging to a fire extinguishing device, controlled separately for spraying extinguishing liquid only on the firebox and on three or four adjacent zones. detected by the automatisms, to frame the fire.

Ainsi, la réalisation des dispositifs d'extinction sous la forme de rampe permet de traiter séparément une certaine longueur du train tout en facilitant la commande séparée des différentes longueurs de rampe pour cerner le foyer le plus efficacement possible.Thus, the realization of extinguishing devices in the form of a ramp makes it possible to separately process a certain length of the train while facilitating the separate control of the different lengths of the ramp to define the focus as efficiently as possible.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, la station d'extinction est équipée d'un système de localisation de l'incendie, composé de détecteurs et de caméras, assurant la détection de la position du foyer dans le train et donnant une image du foyer par caméra, notamment infrarouge.According to another characteristic, the extinguishing station is equipped with a system for locating the fire, consisting of detectors and cameras, ensuring the detection of the position of the focus in the train and giving an image of the focus by camera, especially infrared.

La localisation du foyer se réalise dans la station d'extinction et les moyens d'extinction sont commandés en fonction de cette localisation précise.The location of the focus is realized in the extinguishing station and the extinguishing means are controlled according to this precise location.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, le tunnel se compose de deux tubes de circulation des trains dans un sens et dans l'autre et chacun des deux tubes sont équipés sensiblement au même endroit d'une station d'extinction.According to another characteristic, the tunnel consists of two tubes for running trains in one direction and in the other and each of the two tubes are equipped substantially at the same place with a fire extinguishing station.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, l'installation comporte un poste de commande décentralisé, manuel, au voisinage d'une station d'extinction pour prendre en main directement la commande des systèmes d'extinction par une intervention manuelle.According to another characteristic, the installation comprises a decentralized control station, manual, in the vicinity of an extinguishing station to directly take control of the extinguishing systems by manual intervention.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de lutte contre un incendie de train dans un tunnel ferroviaire de grande longueur tel que défini dans la revendication 8. Les trains sont détectés lors de leur passage devant des détecteurs d'incendie du tunnel (flammes, fumées, CO) et/ou en cas de déclenchement de la détection embarquée sur un train d'un incendie signalé alors par le conducteur, on contrôle le signal d'incendie transmis par les détecteurs fixes et/ou par le conducteur, et on ordonne au train détecté de circuler à la vitesse de sauvegarde stabilisant le foyer et/ou freinant sa progression.The invention also relates to a method of combating a train fire in a railway tunnel of great length as defined in claim 8. The trains are detected during their passage in front of fire detectors tunnel (flames, fumes, CO) and / or in the event of triggering of the on-board detection of a fire signal then reported by the driver, the fire signal transmitted by the fixed detectors and / or by the driver is checked, and the train is ordered detected to flow at the backup speed stabilizing the focus and / or stopping its progression.

Selon ce procédé, il est particulièrement avantageux qu'après la mise en circulation du train à vitesse de sauvegarde,

  • on ordonne au conducteur l'arrêt du train dans la prochaine station d'extinction,
  • dès l'arrêt du train, le système détecte la position du foyer dans la station d'extinction et configure automatiquement la zone d'extinction sur le foyer et une longueur du train déterminée entourant le foyer.
  • on active les moyens d'extinction de la station d'extinction en commande à distance ou en local
  • en résumé, grâce à la détection d'un foyer ou début de foyer ou signe annonçant l'amorce d'un foyer d'incendie sur un train, l'invention permet de gérer le fonctionnement du train pour éviter une propagation rapide du foyer dans le train permettant d'arriver jusqu'à une station d'extinction intégrée dans le tunnel pour traiter très rapidement après la détection de l'incendie, le feu dans cette station d'extinction évitant tout risque d'incendie de l'ensemble du train et aussi des dommages considérables qui seraient occasionnés à l'infrastructure du tunnel.
According to this method, it is particularly advantageous that after putting into circulation of the train with a backup speed,
  • the driver is ordered to stop the train at the next extinguishing station,
  • when the train is stopped, the system detects the position of the firebox in the extinguishing station and automatically sets the fire-off zone on the firebox and a determined length of the train around the firebox.
  • the extinguishing means of the extinguishing station are activated either remotely or locally
  • in summary, by the detection of a home or beginning of home or sign announcing the beginning of a fire on a train, the invention can manage the operation of the train to prevent rapid spread of the home in the train to reach an integrated extinction station in the tunnel to treat very quickly after detection of fire, fire in this extinguishing station avoiding any risk of fire of the entire train and also considerable damage that would be caused to the infrastructure of the tunnel.

Dessinsdrawings

La présente invention sera décrite ci-après de manière plus détaillée à l'aide des dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 montre schématiquement une installation selon l'invention de lutte contre l'incendie d'un train dans un tunnel ferroviaire de grande longueur,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en plan schématique d'un segment de tunnel équipé d'une installation selon l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique d'un segment de tunnel comme celui de la figure 2 montrant la mise en oeuvre de l'installation de lutte contre l'incendie,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en plan schématique d'un segment de tunnel à deux tubes de circulation et d'un tunnel de service équipés de quatre stations d'extinction d'une installation de lutte contre l'incendie selon l'invention.
The present invention will be described hereinafter in more detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 schematically shows an installation according to the invention for combating the fire of a train in a railway tunnel of great length,
  • the figure 2 is a schematic plan view of a tunnel segment equipped with an installation according to the invention,
  • the figure 3 is a schematic view of a tunnel segment like that of the figure 2 showing the implementation of the fire fighting facility,
  • the figure 4 is a schematic plan view of a tunnel segment with two circulation tubes and a service tunnel equipped with four extinguishing stations of a fire-fighting installation according to the invention.

Description de modes de réalisation de l'inventionDescription of Embodiments of the Invention

Selon la figure 1, l'invention concerne une installation de lutte contre un incendie de train dans un tunnel ferroviaire de grande longueur, notamment d'un train tel qu'une navette de transport de poids-lourds. Le tunnel ferroviaire est représenté par sa voie 100 sur laquelle les trains TR ou navettes circulent dans un certain sens (flèche d). Un tel tunnel 100 est généralement composé de deux tubes 100A, 100B, un par voie de circulation dans le sens aller et l'autre dans le sens retour. Ces tubes sont généralement combinés à un tunnel de service 100C par lequel passent les conduites de fluide et l'alimentation électrique ainsi que le personnel d'entretien et le cas échéant des véhicules de service.According to figure 1 the invention relates to a facility for combating a train fire in a long railway tunnel, including a train such as a truck transport shuttle. The railway tunnel is represented by its track 100 on which the trains TR or shuttles circulate in a certain direction (arrow d). Such a tunnel 100 is generally composed of two tubes 100A, 100B, one by circulation in the forward direction and the other in the return direction. These tubes are generally combined with a service tunnel 100C through which the fluid lines and the power supply as well as the service personnel and, where applicable, the service vehicles pass.

Selon la figure 2, le tunnel de service 100C est généralement situé entre les deux tubes de circulation 100A, 100B et il communique avec ceux-ci par des passages d'accès 110 et des forages 110a. Les passages 110 permettent à la fois l'accès aux tubes pour les travaux d'entretien et servant aussi de sortie de secours pour l'évacuation des passagers d'un train arrêté, vers la zone sécurisée constituée par le tunnel de service ou des zones protégées auxquelles le tunnel de service donne accès. Les passages d'accès 110 sont normalement fermés pour isoler chacun des tubes.According to figure 2 the service tunnel 100C is generally located between the two circulation tubes 100A, 100B and communicates therewith via access passages 110 and boreholes 110a. The passages 110 allow both access to the tubes for maintenance work and also serving as an emergency exit for the evacuation of passengers from a stopped train, to the secure zone constituted by the service tunnel or zones protected areas to which the service tunnel provides access. The access passages 110 are normally closed to isolate each of the tubes.

Selon la présentation générale de l'invention (figure 1), chaque tube 100 selon sa longueur, est muni au moins d'une installation 120 de lutte contre un incendie de train ou d'une partie de train; ces installations 120 sont réparties sur le tracé de chaque tube 100, 100A, 100B en fonction de considérations de sécurité, de façon qu'un train TRO sur lequel un incendie a été détecté, puisse atteindre la partie active 20 de l'installation dans laquelle se fait le traitement de l'incendie (extinction). Si, à cause d'une distance d'arrêt trop courte, le train TRO détecté ne peut s'arrêter dans la première partie active 20 qu'il rencontre, il est conduit selon la procédure décrite ultérieurement, vers la partie active 20 suivante de l'installation. La circulation du train TRO sur lequel un incendie a été détecté se fait en respectant les impératifs de sécurité tout en se faisant à une vitesse de circulation réduite, appelée selon l'invention vitesse de sauvegarde Vs qui freine le développement du foyer. Ce n'est qu'à l'approche de la partie active 20 de l'installation, dans la zone d'arrêt ZA que le train TRO passe en dessous de cette vitesse de sauvegarde Vs pour s'arrêter.According to the general presentation of the invention ( figure 1 ), each tube 100 along its length, is provided with at least one installation 120 for fighting against a train fire or part of a train; these installations 120 are distributed on the layout of each tube 100, 100A, 100B according to safety considerations, so that a TRO train on which a fire has been detected can reach the active part 20 of the installation in which is the treatment of the fire (extinction). If, because of a too short stopping distance, the detected TRO train can not stop in the first active part 20 that it encounters, it is conducted according to the procedure described later, to the next active part 20 of installation. The TRO train on which a fire has been detected is circulated in accordance with the security requirements while at a reduced traffic speed, referred to as the backup speed Vs, which slows down the development of the firebox. Only when approaching the active part 20 of the installation, in the stopping zone ZA, the train TRO passes below this backup speed Vs to stop.

L'installation 120 se compose globalement d'équipements placés tout le long du tunnel 100 (c'est-à-dire de chacun des tubes 100A, 100B), d'équipements embarqués dans les trains TR et de parties actives 20 réparties de manière espacée dans le tunnel ; l'ensemble est géré par une commande centrale 30 et, le cas échéant, des commandes décentralisées associées à chaque partie active 20 ou groupe de parties actives et susceptibles de prendre la main en commande locale en remplacement de la commande centrale 30.The installation 120 generally consists of equipment placed all along the tunnel 100 (that is to say, each of the tubes 100A, 100B), equipment embedded in the trains TR and active parts 20 distributed in such a way. spaced in the tunnel; the assembly is managed by a central control 30 and, where appropriate, decentralized controls associated with each active part 20 or group of active parts and likely to take control of the local hand instead of the central control 30.

La commande centrale 30, en général à l'extérieur du tunnel est combinée à au moins une partie active 20, en général l'ensemble des parties actives 20 d'un tube 100A ou 100B ou, plus généralement encore, à l'ensemble des tubes, c'est-à-dire au tunnel 100.Central control 30, generally outside the tunnel, is combined with at least one active part 20, in general all of the active parts 20 of a tube 100A or 100B or, more generally, with all tubes, that is to say the tunnel 100.

De façon plus détaillée, selon la figure 1, l'installation se compose d'un ensemble de détecteurs fixes 10 répartis le long de la voie dans les tunnels ferroviaires et dont la position individuelle est connue, ainsi que d'une partie active constituée par une station d'extinction 20 précédée en amont d'une zone d'arrêt ZA selon le sens de circulation des trains (flèche d). Un train TR est représenté comme circulant sur la voie dans la direction de la flèche (d).In more detail, according to figure 1 , the installation consists of a set of fixed detectors 10 distributed along the track in the railway tunnels and whose individual position is known, as well as an active part constituted by an extinguishing station 20 preceded upstream a stop zone ZA according to the direction of movement of the trains (arrow d). A train TR is represented as flowing on the track in the direction of the arrow (d).

Le tunnel 100 est équipé de systèmes de ventilation commandés pour gérer la circulation d'air dans le tunnel afin de maîtriser le flux des fumées et protéger la sécurité des personnes.The tunnel 100 is equipped with controlled ventilation systems to manage the air circulation in the tunnel in order to control the flow of fumes and protect the safety of people.

La station d'extinction 20 est une zone de tunnel dont la longueur (L) est au moins égale à celle d'un train TR ou à la longueur maximale des trains ou des navettes circulant dans le tunnel 100, augmentée de distances de sécurité. La station 20 a un point de repère P0 matérialisé auquel le train TRO doit s'arrêter en cas d'incident. La station 20 est munie d'une installation d'extinction 21 formée de dispositifs d'extinction 22a, b, c tels que des rampes de pulvérisation à haute pression de liquide extincteur, par exemple d'eau chargée ou non d'un agent chimique et produisant un brouillard d'eau. Des rideaux d'eau situés à l'avant, au centre, à l'arrière de la station peuvent être utilisés. L'installation d'extinction 21 est également équipée sur toute sa longueur, de détecteurs 23 permettant de localiser de manière précise l'emplacement du foyer sur le train et permettre aux dispositifs d'extinction 21a, b, c d'être commandés indépendamment de manière à traiter la partie incendiée du train et les parties encadrantes.The extinguishing station 20 is a tunnel zone whose length (L) is at least equal to that of a train TR or to the maximum length of the trains or shuttles flowing in the tunnel 100, increased with safety distances. The station 20 has a materialized reference point P0 at which the train TRO must stop in the event of an incident. The station 20 is provided with an extinguishing system 21 formed of extinguishing devices 22a, b, c such as high-pressure spraying booms with extinguishing liquid, for example water loaded or not with a chemical agent. and producing a mist of water. Water curtains located at the front, in the center, at the back of the station can be used. The extinguishing installation 21 is also equipped along its entire length with detectors 23 making it possible to precisely locate the location of the hearth on the train and to allow the extinguishing devices 21a, b, c to be controlled independently of each other. to treat the burned part of the train and the bordering parts.

L'installation 120 est équipée d'une centrale de commande 30 commune à plusieurs stations d'extinction 20. La centrale 30 est reliée aux détecteurs fixes 10, aux détecteurs 23 des stations d'extinction 20 pour recevoir les signaux incendie S10, S23 émis par les détecteurs, les comparer entre eux et à des seuils de référence ou des modèles pour contrôler la plausibilité d'un incendie ou début d'incendie et commander la circulation des trains en amont et en aval du train détecté TRO objet d'un incendie et aussi pour commander le train détecté TRO pour prendre les contremesures d'extinction.The installation 120 is equipped with a control unit 30 common to several extinguishing stations 20. The central unit 30 is connected to the fixed detectors 10, to the detectors 23 of the extinguishing stations 20 to receive the fire signals S10, S23 emitted by the detectors, compare them with one another and with reference thresholds or models to check the plausibility of a fire or start of fire and to control the movement of trains upstream and downstream of the detected train TRO object of a fire and also to control the detected TRO train to take extinction countermeasures.

La commande 30 est reliée à l'installation d'extinction 21 pour commander d'abord la préparation de la station 20 avant même l'arrivée du train, pour que la station d'extinction commence l'opération d'extinction dès que le train y est arrêté.The control 30 is connected to the extinguishing system 21 to first control the preparation of the station 20 even before the arrival of the train, so that the extinguishing station starts the extinguishing operation as soon as the train is stopped there.

La commande de contrôle 30 gère l'ensemble de la marche du train TRO incendié en commandant par l'intermédiaire de son conducteur, sa vitesse de circulation Vc en ralentissant le train à la vitesse de sauvegarde Vs. Cette vitesse Vs est fixée à un niveau tel que le feu ne puisse se développer et se propager que lentement, pour que le train puisse atteindre la prochaine station d'extinction 20.The control command 30 manages the entire march of the burned TRO train by controlling via its driver, its circulation speed Vc by slowing down the train to the backup speed Vs. This speed Vs is set at a level such that the fire can develop and propagate only slowly so that the train can reach the next extinguishing station.

La vitesse de sauvegarde Vs est une vitesse limite inférieure en dessous de laquelle le train TRO ne doit pas circuler pour ne pas favoriser le développement du foyer. Au-dessus de cette vitesse de sauvegarde Vs, le foyer risque d'être attisé par le vent de circulation. Il en est de même en dessous de cette vitesse de sauvegarde. La vitesse de sauvegarde est obtenue par des essais ou par modélisation.The backup speed Vs is a lower limit speed below which the train TRO must not circulate in order not to favor the development of the hearth. Above this backup speed Vs, the focus may be fanned by the driving wind. It is the same below this backup speed. The backup speed is obtained by testing or modeling.

La vitesse doit être réduite car il faut fermer les rameaux de pistonnement pour éviter le passage des fumées d'un tunnel à l'autre.The speed must be reduced because it is necessary to close the piston branches to avoid the passage of fumes from one tunnel to another.

Le parcours à la vitesse de sauvegarde Vs se poursuit avant l'entrée dans la station d'extinction 20 et l'arrêt du train se fait par une phase de décélération sur la zone d'arrêt, pour passer de la vitesse de sauvegarde Vs à la vitesse nulle, c'est-à-dire à l'arrêt. La gestion de la circulation du train tient également compte des vitesses imposées normalement sur le trajet. Bien que la zone d'arrêt ZA soit située en amont de la station d'extinction 20, elle s'étend en pratique jusqu'au point d'arrêt P0 du train dans la station 20.The course at the backup speed Vs continues before entering the extinguishing station 20 and the stopping of the train is done by a deceleration phase on the stopping zone, to go from the backup speed Vs to zero speed, that is to say at rest. The management of train traffic also takes into account the speeds normally imposed on the journey. Although the stopping zone ZA is located upstream of the extinguishing station 20, it extends in practice to the stopping point P0 of the train in the station 20.

La station d'extinction 20 est aussi équipée d'une commande locale 24 permettant de remplacer la commande centrale 30 en cas d'incident ou pour gérer directement les opérations d'extinction sur place, par exemple lors d'une intervention de pompiers.The extinguishing station 20 is also equipped with a local control 24 to replace the central control 30 in the event of an incident or to directly manage extinguishing operations on site, for example during a firefighters intervention.

L'état du train TRO dans la station d'extinction 20 est contrôlée en plus des détecteurs 23, par des caméras 25, notamment des caméras infrarouge transmettant les images à la commande centrale 30 et/ou à la commande locale 21 directement ou par la commande centrale 30.The state of the train TRO in the extinguishing station 20 is controlled in addition to the detectors 23, by cameras 25, in particular infrared cameras transmitting the images to the central control 30 and / or the local control 21 directly or by the central control 30.

Les détecteurs 10 équipant la voie dans les tunnels ferroviaires sont des détecteurs de flammes, de fumées ou de gaz carbonique CO. Ces détecteurs sont également présents dans les stations d'extinction 20.Detectors 10 equipping the track in railway tunnels are detectors of flames, fumes or carbon dioxide CO. These detectors are also present in the extinguishing stations 20.

Les liaisons de transmission d'informations entre les détecteurs fixes 10 du tunnel et ceux 23 de la station d'extinction 20 se font par des câbles et notamment un bus. La liaison entre la commande centrale 30 et les trains TR se fait par radio.The information transmission links between the stationary detectors 10 of the tunnel and those 23 of the extinguishing station 20 are made by cables and in particular a bus. The connection between the central control 30 and the trains TR is done by radio.

L'alimentation en liquide extincteur de l'installation d'extinction 21 est assurée par un système d'alimentation 26 constitué de réservoirs, de pompes et de branchements sur un réseau de distribution d'eau. Ces moyens sont figurés schématiquement par un cercle.The extinguishant liquid supply of the extinguishing installation 21 is provided by a supply system 26 consisting of tanks, pumps and connections on a water distribution network. These means are schematically represented by a circle.

En regard du schéma très simplifié de l'installation 120, la figure 1 montre dans sa partie inférieure, le profil de vitesse d'un train TR0, en amont d'une station d'extinction 20 ; après détection d'un incendie à bord (flammes, fumées, CO) la courbe montre le passage à la vitesse de sauvegarde Vs à partir de la vitesse de croisière Vc, puis après un parcours à la vitesse de sauvegarde Vs et arrivée dans la zone d'arrêt ZA puis réduction de la vitesse jusqu'à l'arrêt dans la station d'extinction 20.With regard to the very simplified diagram of the installation 120, the figure 1 shows in its lower part, the speed profile of a train TR0, upstream of an extinguishing station 20; after detection of a fire on board (flames, fumes, CO) the curve shows the transition to the backup speed Vs from the cruising speed Vc, then after a run to the backup speed Vs and arrival in the zone stopping ZA and then reducing the speed until it stops in the extinguishing station 20.

La figure 2 qui a été partiellement décrite ci-dessus, représente une partie d'un tunnel 100 composé de deux tubes 100A, 100B pour la circulation en sens inverse et un tunnel de service 100C intermédiaire.The figure 2 which has been partially described above, represents a part of a tunnel 100 composed of two tubes 100A, 100B for the circulation in the opposite direction and an intermediate service tunnel 100C.

La figure 2 montre également les intervalles 100D, 100E entre ces trois parties du tunnel. Ces intervalles sont équipés par des locaux techniques qui sont soit des locaux techniques 110 soit des forages 110a pour la traversée des voutes de tubes et le passage des conduites 221a, b, c reliées aux rampes de pulvérisation 22a, b, c.The figure 2 also shows the 100D, 100E intervals between these three parts of the tunnel. These intervals are equipped with technical rooms which are either technical rooms 110 or boreholes 110a for crossing tube vaults and the passage of conduits 221a, b, c connected to the spray bars 22a, b, c.

Les forages sont réalisés dans les tunnels existants selon les techniques du génie civil.Drilling is carried out in existing tunnels using civil engineering techniques.

L'exemple d'installation représenté à la figure 2 est intéressant car elle montre la combinaison de deux stations d'extinction 20, 20' sous forme d'un ensemble jumelé situé au même endroit (point kilométrique) dans le tunnel ce qui permet de simplifier l'alimentation en liquide extincteur 26 par des moyens communs tels que le branchement 260 sur un réseau de distribution d'eau, des pompes d'alimentation 261, une conduite collectrice 262 reliée par des électrovannes 263 aux conduites 221a, b, c elles-mêmes reliées aux rampes 222a, b, c.The example of installation represented in figure 2 is interesting because it shows the combination of two extinguishing stations 20, 20 'in the form of a paired set located at the same place (kilometric point) in the tunnel which simplifies the supply of extinguishing liquid 26 by means common such as the connection 260 on a water distribution network, feed pumps 261, a manifold 262 connected by solenoid valves 263 to the conduits 221a, b, c themselves connected to the ramps 222a, b, c.

Les stations 20, 20' sont également équipées comme déjà décrit, de détecteurs 23 et de caméras 25 répartis sur la longueur L de la station.The stations 20, 20 'are also equipped as already described, detectors 23 and cameras 25 distributed along the length L of the station.

Le schéma de la figure 3 montre un exemple de train TRO dans lequel un incendie a été détecté et qui se trouve maintenant dans la station d'extinction 20. Le détecteur 23 a localisé précisément le foyer qui s'est déclaré sur un camion. La commande centrale a alors déclenché les rampes 22e et 22c de part et d'autre du foyer et la rampe 22d en regard du foyer de manière à confiner le feu sur une longueur de voie, réduite.The scheme of the figure 3 shows an example of a TRO train in which a fire has been detected and which is now in the extinguishing station 20. The detector 23 located precisely the outbreak that occurred on a truck. The central control then triggered the ramps 22e and 22c on either side of the hearth and the ramp 22d facing the fireplace so as to confine the fire to a reduced track length.

La figure 4 montre un exemple pratique d'une installation du type de celle de la figure 2, dont le tunnel 100 se compose de deux tubes 100A, 100B et d'un tunnel de service 100C.The figure 4 shows a practical example of an installation of the type of figure 2 , whose tunnel 100 consists of two tubes 100A, 100B and a service tunnel 100C.

Les tunnels de circulation 100A, 100B sont reliés par des jonctions 100F, 100G permettant de faire passer les trains d'un tube à l'autre pour neutraliser un segment de tube pour des travaux ou autres raisons.The traffic tunnels 100A, 100B are connected by 100F, 100G junctions allowing the trains to pass from one tube to the other to neutralize a tube segment for work or other reasons.

Les deux tubes 100A, 100B sont équipé chacun de deux stations 20 sur le segment de voie qui représente une dizaine ou une quinzaine de kilomètres.The two tubes 100A, 100B are each equipped with two stations 20 on the track segment which represents a dozen or fifteen kilometers.

Les tubes 100A, 100B et le tunnel de service 100C sont reliés par des passages d'accès 130. Les locaux techniques portent la référence 110.The tubes 100A, 100B and the service tunnel 100C are connected by access passages 130. The technical rooms are designated 110.

Les stations d'extinction 20 ont la structure de celle décrite ci-dessus et les détecteurs installés dans les tubes le long des voies ne sont pas représentés.The extinguishing stations 20 have the structure of that described above and the detectors installed in the tubes along the tracks are not shown.

Cette figure 4 donne également des indications dimensionnelles en mètres.This figure 4 also gives dimensional indications in meters.

Les autres moyens ne sont pas non plus représentés dans cet exemple général.The other means are not represented in this general example either.

NOMENCLATURENOMENCLATURE

1010
détecteurs fixesfixed detectors
2020
station fixe d'extinctionstationary extinguishing station
2121
installation d'extinctionextinguishing system
22a, b, c22a, b, c
dispositifs de pulvérisation / rampesspray devices / ramps
2323
détecteurs d'incendiefire detectors
2424
poste de commandecontrol station
2525
camérascameras
3030
commande centralecentral control
4040
système de ventilationventilation system
100100
tunneltunnel
100A, 100B100A, 100B
tubes de circulationcirculation tubes
100C100C
tunnel de serviceservice tunnel
100D, 100E100D, 100E
intervallesintervals
100F, 100G100F, 100G
jonctions des voiestrack junctions
110110
locaux techniquestechnical local
110a110a
foragedrilling
120120
installation d'extinctionextinguishing system
130130
postes /passage d'accèsposts / access crossing
221a, b, c221a, b, c
passages des conduitespassages of pipes
TRTR
traintrain
TROTRO
train détectétrain detected
ZAZA
zone d'arrêtstopping area
VcVc
vitesse de croisièreCruising speed
Vsvs.
vitesse de sauvegardebackup speed
dd
sens de circulation des trainsdirection of train movement
P0P0
point de repèrelandmark
S10, S23S10, S23
signaux d'incendiefire signals
LThe
longueur d'un train TRlength of a TR train

Claims (8)

  1. Equipment for controlling a train fire in a long railway tunnel, comprising
    A - a set of fire detectors (10), fixed, installed along the tunnel (100) and a set of detectors on board the trains (TR), to detect a fire on a train, called detected train;
    B - at least one fixed extinguishing station (20), installed in the tunnel over a length (L) at least equal to that of a train (TRO) and made up of:
    extinguishing equipment (21) with spraying devices (22) for a liquid extinguisher, these spraying devices (22) being controlled individually and distributed over the length of the extinguishing station (20), and
    a set of fire detectors (23) installed along the station (20) to detect a position of a fire on the detected train (TR0);
    C - a train stopping zone (ZA), upstream from the extinguishing station (20) and in which the detected train (TRO) is decelerated to its zero speed to be stopped in a precise position (P0) in the extinguishing station (20);
    D - a control center (30), connected to the fixed fire detectors of the tunnel (10), and to the fire detectors (23) of the extinguishing station (20) to receive fire signals (S10, S23), the control center being configured to:
    control fire information by relating the received signals (S10, S23),
    order the reduction of speed of the detected train, from its cruising speed (Vc) to a reduced speed (Vs),
    order the stopping of the detected train in the extinguishing station, and order the conductor of the detected train to begin its stop sequence upon entering the stopping zone (ZA) to stop the detected train (TRO) in the precise position (P0) in the extinguishing station (20),
    detect, after stopping the detected train, the position of the fire on the detected train (TR0);
    automatically configure the spraying devices (22) for liquid extinguisher on the position of the fire and surrounding areas in the extinguishing station (20),
    command the initiation of spraying once the train is stopped.
  2. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the extinguishing liquid is water charged, if applicable, with an extinguishing agent, and which is sprayed in the form of mist on the position of the fire and the surrounding areas, in the extinguishing station, and in that water curtains, situated one in front, the other behind, and a third at the center of the extinguishing station, can be initiated by remote or local control.
  3. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the extinguishing station is equipped with several spray bars for liquid extinguisher, each bar belonging to an extinguishing device, commanded separately to spray extinguishing liquid only on the position of the fire and the surrounding areas.
  4. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the extinguishing station (20) is equipped with a fire location system, made up of detectors (23) and cameras (25), providing the detection of the position of the fire in the train and giving an image of the fire by camera.
  5. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a decentralized command station (24), manual, near an extinguishing station (20) configured to directly handle the control of the extinguishing systems through manual intervention.
  6. A railway tunnel including equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a ventilation system, and in that the control unit (30) is configured to act on the ventilation system (40) to manage the stream of air upstream and downstream from the detected train (TR0).
  7. A railway tunnel including equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made up of two tubes (100A, 100B) for the circulation of trains in both directions, each of the two tubes being equipped substantially in the same location with an extinguishing station (20).
  8. A method for controlling a train fire in a long railway tunnel, including equipment according to claim 1, the method comprising:
    detecting trains when they pass in front of the fire detectors of the tunnel;
    if a fire is detected on a train, called the detected train, controlling a fire signal transmitted by the fire detectors;
    ordering the conductor to reduce the speed of the detected train to the reduced speed and, after the train is traveling at the reduced speed, stopping the detected train in the precise position (P0) of the extinguishing station;
    after the detected train is stopped, detecting the position of the fire in the extinguishing station and automatically configuring areas to be sprayed on the fire and a determined length of the train surrounding the fire; and
    activating the spray devices of the extinguishing station of the preconfigured zones.
EP10728831.8A 2009-06-17 2010-05-27 Equipment for controlling a train fire in a long railway tunnel and method for implementing same Active EP2442874B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0954079A FR2946889A3 (en) 2009-06-17 2009-06-17 FIRE FIGHTING APPARATUS IN A HIGH LENGTH RAILWAY TUNNEL AND METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT THE SAME.
FR0955725A FR2946890B3 (en) 2009-06-17 2009-08-21 FIRE FIGHTING DEVICE IN A HIGH LENGTH RAIL TUNNEL AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTING THE SAME
PCT/FR2010/051023 WO2010146267A1 (en) 2009-06-17 2010-05-27 Equipment for controlling a train fire in a long railway tunnel and method for implementing same

Publications (2)

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EP2442874A1 EP2442874A1 (en) 2012-04-25
EP2442874B1 true EP2442874B1 (en) 2018-05-23

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US (1) US9345915B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2442874B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5315459B2 (en)
CN (1) CN102573997B (en)
ES (1) ES2681473T3 (en)
FR (2) FR2946889A3 (en)
WO (1) WO2010146267A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2946889A3 (en) 2010-12-24
FR2946890A3 (en) 2010-12-24
WO2010146267A1 (en) 2010-12-23
US9345915B2 (en) 2016-05-24
CN102573997B (en) 2014-12-17
US20120193110A1 (en) 2012-08-02
ES2681473T3 (en) 2018-09-13
CN102573997A (en) 2012-07-11
JP5315459B2 (en) 2013-10-16
JP2012529948A (en) 2012-11-29
FR2946890B3 (en) 2011-05-06
EP2442874A1 (en) 2012-04-25

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