EP2428274A1 - Device for grinding dispensed products - Google Patents

Device for grinding dispensed products Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2428274A1
EP2428274A1 EP11007099A EP11007099A EP2428274A1 EP 2428274 A1 EP2428274 A1 EP 2428274A1 EP 11007099 A EP11007099 A EP 11007099A EP 11007099 A EP11007099 A EP 11007099A EP 2428274 A1 EP2428274 A1 EP 2428274A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
housing
free space
transverse walls
screen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11007099A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2428274B1 (en
Inventor
Hartmut Pallmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pallmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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Pallmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP2428274A1 publication Critical patent/EP2428274A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/144Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with axially elongated knives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16Details
    • B02C2018/162Shape or inner surface of shredder-housings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16Details
    • B02C18/18Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C2018/188Stationary counter-knives; Mountings thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/16Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
    • B02C2023/165Screen denying egress of oversize material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for comminuting feed material according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such devices are assigned to the field of mechanical processing technology, in particular the comminution of feed material by means of cutting, shearing, tearing or smashing. But also the dissolution of the composite of composite materials, which always involves a comminution of the feed material, is within the scope of the present invention. Consequently, generic devices are suitable for the comminution of bulk and bulk materials, in particular of plastics with and without admixtures, wood, waste wood, paper, cardboard, cellulose, textiles, waste, rubber, rubber, resins, leather, food, pleasure and Feeds, minerals, pigments, dyes, pharmaceuticals, metals, composites such as electronic scrap, cables, scrap tires and the like.
  • the basic principle of crop processing results from the interaction of rotating cutting, shearing or tearing tools with fixed tools or in the impact energy quickly rotating impact tools such as hammers, plates and the like, which shatter the feed.
  • the feed material is withdrawn from the device via a sieve, wherein the sieve can additionally act as a comminuting tool.
  • the screen thus divides the housing interior functionally into an upstream crushing section and a downstream section for discharging the already comminuted product.
  • connection of rotating machine parts to fixed machine parts proves problematic, in particular the connection of the rotor to the housing proves to be in terms of wear, heat generation within the device and quality of the final product as a critical zone.
  • Mills with a housing consisting of longitudinal and transverse walls, in which a rotor extends from one transverse wall to the opposite transverse wall, are generally known.
  • the relatively moving in the course of comminution to the transverse wall rotor takes the feed material on its orbit, which leads to a considerable friction on the fixed transverse walls.
  • the consequences are on the one hand a wear of the inside of the housing wall and on the other hand a heat input into the housing itself, since a part of the supplied drive energy is converted into frictional heat. That does not only lead to an additional thermal load of the device, with the result that if necessary cooling measures must be taken, but also to a deteriorated energy efficiency.
  • An example of such a device is in DE 34 01 929 A1 disclosed.
  • annular disc which rotates with the rotor and which extends radially beyond the comminution tools with its outer circumference.
  • the co-rotating annular disc prevents the feed material from coming into direct contact with the housing wall, causing wear and excessive heat on its circular path. So that the feed material does not jam in the gap between the annular disk and the inner side of the housing, the housing wall has a recess which is concentric with the annular disk and into which the rotor extends with its annular disk. In this case, only a small radial annular gap is maintained between the outer circumference of the annular disc and the inner circumference of the recess.
  • a disadvantage proves that the exiting from the sealing gap and thus from the housing material is separated by the transverse wall from the rest of the material flow and therefore collected by additional peripheral machine components and must be fed to further processing, which is both a constructive than also brings procedural overhead with it.
  • the transverse wall is structurally weakened by the large opening in which the annular disc is arranged, which impairs the rigidity of the machine construction.
  • the opening also leads to the fact that the rotor can not be mounted on the transverse walls of the housing, but a direct mounting of the rotor on the ground is necessary.
  • the subsequent to the transverse walls sheet metal ducts are not static bearing machine parts such as the transverse walls and therefore can not be used to support the rotor. With a view to the fastest possible and effective cleaning and maintenance, the sheet metal ducts on the outer sides of the transverse walls only form additional projections and corners which make such work more difficult.
  • the invention has the object to improve known devices in design and functional terms.
  • a first advantage of the invention results from the structural feature of laying the connection region of the rotating rotor ends to stationary machine parts, such as the screen web, axially inwards in the direction of the center of the housing, while at the same time creating a free space between the housing and the rotor.
  • a device according to the invention is therefore characterized by a simplified machine design with simultaneously reduced operating costs.
  • the previously known thermal problems are corrected by the air gap in the space between the housing wall and the rotor.
  • the air gap in each case represents a thermal insulation for the transverse wall, which consequently no longer heats up so much. Temperature-related problems therefore occur in a device according to the invention to a much lesser extent.
  • the free space of cooling air can be flowed through, for example, by Openings in the housing is supplied. When the free space flows through from top to bottom, the cooling air additionally supports the flow of material.
  • transverse walls represent structurally bearing parts, which play an essential role in the removal of static and dynamic loads.
  • the transverse walls of a device according to the invention can accomplish the storage of the rotor, for example by supporting brackets are attached to the outer sides of the transverse walls. This leads to an extremely compact design, in which all essential components are mounted inside or on the housing.
  • transverse walls are rigidly connected to each other via longitudinal profiles and thus form a rigid support frame. This allows the installation of doors on the long sides of the device, through which the accessibility to the housing interior is ensured.
  • the space is advantageously closed on both sides and upwards.
  • the space limiting the space may be formed for example by the longitudinal walls and the cover plate.
  • a circumferential portion surrounding the upper peripheral portion form the conclusion, which is seconded for attachment of the frontal wear plate between wear plate and transverse wall. In this way, the exiting from the sealing gap Good is collected and reunited purposefully with the flow of material.
  • a minimum distance of the annular discs of the rotor from the associated transverse walls is required. In this context, distances of at least 2 cm, preferably at least 3 cm or 5 cm have proven to be advantageous.
  • the annular gap surrounding the sealing gap must meet two requirements. On the one hand to prevent that not properly crushed feed material enters the Gutaustrag what the sealing gap may not exceed a certain width. On the other hand, the most obstacle-free rotation of the rotor relative to fixed machine parts, such as the screen webs, must be ensured, which requires a minimum width of the sealing gap. In order to meet these basically contradictory requirements, the invention provides a width of the sealing gap of at most 3 mm, preferably at most 1 mm or 0.5 mm.
  • the sealing gap can be realized more closely, the smaller the assembly tolerances of the machine components forming the sealing gap.
  • the invention provides for mounting the screens on the associated Siebyrahmen, in which the sieves are not only clamped, but simultaneously stretched with your back against the Siebyrahmen. Since the Siebirahmen specifies the exact nominal geometry, it is ensured in this way that the screen webs have the desired geometry over the entire length of the sealing gap and the width of the sealing gap can be minimized.
  • the screen webs extend a total of at least half of the rotor circumference, for example over two-thirds.
  • the rotor is surrounded by two or more Siebbahnen.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 representing a granulator.
  • the granulator has a resting on the indicated with 1 substructure housing 2, which is composed essentially of two axially parallel plane-parallel opposite transverse walls 3 and 4, whose outline is rectangular in the lower region and trapezoidal in the upper region ( FIG. 1 ).
  • the transverse walls 3 and 4 are structurally bearing parts, which are connected in their foot region on each side by a longitudinal spar 5 frictionally with each other.
  • longitudinal struts 7 stiffen the housing construction, resulting in a total of a rigid support frame.
  • the longitudinal sides of the housing 2 are each closed by longitudinal walls 9 and 10, which are pivotable by means of hinges 11 after release of the lock 13 about a vertical axis in order to ensure the accessibility to the housing interior.
  • the upper side of the housing 2 has a rectangular opening 12, which continues into the interior of the housing as a vertical feed shaft 15 with a rectangular cross-section and leads into the area of action of a rotor 17 arranged centrally in the housing 2 and rotating about a longitudinal axis 16.
  • the sides of the feed slot 15 are lined with wear plates 14.
  • the lying outside of the feed slot 15 areas of the housing top are closed with cover plates 47, which rest on the housing walls (see above Fig. 1 and 2 ).
  • the lower portion of the housing 2 forms a Gutaustrag 33 and is open at the bottom.
  • the rotor 17 comprises a drive shaft 18 on which rotor disks 19, which are arranged at an axial distance from one another and are arranged coaxially with respect to one another, are non-rotatably mounted.
  • the rotor disks 19 have radially distributed over its circumference radial Randausappel traditions, which are intended to receive paraxial knife strips 20.
  • the male connectors 20 are fixed by means of radially clamped clamping wedges 21 in the Randausappelgeber that the blades 8 of the male connectors 20 come to rest on a common cutting circle 22.
  • the front ends of the rotor 17 are formed by concentric to the axis 16 annular discs 25, which are composed in the present example of three ring segments with a peripheral portion of 120 ° and axially bolted to the first and last rotor disc 19.
  • the outer diameter of the annular discs 25 is greater than the diameter of the blade circle 22.
  • the outer circumference of the annular disc 25 is indicated at 26.
  • FIG. 2 discloses that the wear plates 14 of the feed shaft 15 are excluded in the region of the annular discs 25 and the annular discs 16 are disposed within the recesses, with their outer periphery 26 the wear plates 14 radially opposite and thus form a sealing gap 43.
  • the end-side wear plates 14 and the annular discs 25 and 26 are thus substantially in one plane.
  • FIG. 1 shows how out Fig. 1 visible are in the peripheral region of the rotor 17 immediately laterally of the two longitudinal sides of the feed slot 15 Statormesser 27 arranged extending over the entire axial length of the rotor 17 and with their cutting 8 while maintaining a radial cutting gap the male connectors 20 of the rotor 17 are opposite.
  • clamping plates 29 the stator knives 27 are clamped against the clamping bar 28.
  • a further axis-parallel longitudinal spar 31 radially opposite, which adjoins the stiffening of the housing 2 rigidly to the transverse walls 3 and 4.
  • the peripheral portions between the two clamping bars 28 and the longitudinal beam 31 are each covered by an arcuate Siebbahn 32 extending in the axial direction over the entire length of the rotor 17 to the outer sides of the annular discs 25 and 26 and to the transverse walls 3 and 4, respectively maintain a clear axial distance.
  • the two screen webs 32 cover more than two-thirds of the rotor circumference in this way.
  • Each screen web 32 is composed essentially of a Siebmelen 34 which is reinforced by arcuate ribs 35.
  • legs 36 are welded to the portafilter frame 34, which each have their free end rotationally fixed on a shaft 37.
  • the shafts 37 extend parallel to the longitudinal beam 31 and are coupled with their end for folding down the screen elements 32 with a rotary drive, not shown.
  • the said machine parts thus form a separation, wherein the region upstream of the separation is assigned to the active comminution of the feed material, whereas the region downstream of the separation corresponds to the withdrawal of the comminuted product from the feedstock Device on the Gutaustrag 33 is used.
  • FIG. 4 shows this area on a larger scale. It can be seen from the rotor 17, a portion of the end-side rotor disk 19, which carries with its outer periphery a male connector 20, the cutting edge is again identified by the reference numeral 8. On the outside the rotor disk 19 is coaxially fixed to the annular disk 25, which projects with its outer circumference 41 radially beyond the cutting edge 8 of the male connector 20. On the outside of the annular disc 25, in turn, a rod-shaped broaching tool 42 is screwed, which extends radially over the outer circumference 41 of the annular disc 25.
  • the annular disc 25 is located in the radial direction on the Siebarahmen 34 of the screen path 32 opposite perforated plate 38, wherein between the outer periphery 41 of the annular disc 25 and the perforated plate 38, a small radial sealing gap 43 with a width of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, preferably 1 mm is maintained.
  • the width of the sealing gap 43 is essentially dependent on the type of feedstock, the type of comminution and the desired fineness and the required clearance for the rotational movement of the rotor 17.
  • the broaching tool 42 extends radially beyond the sealing gap 43 and thereby captures fine feed material which passes through the sealing gap 43 and in this way prevents clogging of the sealing gap 43.
  • the transverse wall 3 opposite, on the outside of which one still recognizes the part of the bracket 23 for the shaft bearing 44.
  • the distance is at least 1 cm, preferably at least 2 cm or at least 3 cm.
  • the granulator has a distance of even 5 cm, which may possibly be even greater. With a sufficient distance ensures that no accumulations of material form in the free space 6, which would hinder the free flow and it is the thermal load of the transverse walls reduced.
  • the free space 6 advantageously extends at least over the entire partial length of the sealing gap 43 in the region of the screen webs 32, that is, all good that exits between the annular disk 25 and the webs 32 from the gap 43 is collected in the free space 6.
  • the free space 6 may also extend over the entire circumference of the sealing gap 43, ie also in addition over the region of the feed chute 15.
  • the free space 6 is essentially delimited by the longitudinal walls 9 and 10 and upwardly by the cover plates 47 in this area.
  • the width of the free space 6 therefore essentially corresponds to the width of the transverse walls 3 and 4.
  • the free space 6 is therefore closed upwards and to the sides and only open downwards in the direction of Gutaustrag 33.
  • the free space 6 is penetrated by the drive shaft 18, which surrounds it in an approximately annular manner.
  • the transverse walls 3 and 4 can each have one or more openings 45, which open from the outside into the free space 6 and over which the free space 6 can be acted upon by an air flow 46.
  • the air flow 46 can serve to cool the device, but at the same time also support the material flow within the free space 6 and in the further Gutaustrag 33.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The apparatus has a rotor (17) arranged at circumference of housing (2) with machining tools (20), and with end faces concentric to longitudinal axis (16) of an annular disc (25). A screen web (32) is arranged at a sealing gap (43) in a small radial distance from annular disc. The feed material (15) is supplied via a feed chute to the rotor and via a downstream of the screen web while extending the discharged material (33). A free space (6) is formed between two annular discs, and transverse walls (3,4) are arranged at each clear axial distance.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for comminuting feed material according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Derartige Vorrichtungen sind dem Gebiet der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik zuzuordnen, insbesondere der Zerkleinerung von Aufgabegut im Wege des Schneidens, Scherens, Reißens oder Zertrümmerns. Aber auch das Auflösen des Verbundes von Verbundmaterialien, womit stets eine Zerkleinerung des Aufgabeguts einhergeht, liegt im Rahmen vorliegender Erfindung. Gattungsgemäße Vorrichtungen eignen sich folglich zur Zerkleinerung von Stück- und Schüttgütern, insbesondere von Kunststoffen mit und ohne Beimengungen, von Holz, Altholz, Papier, Karton, Zellulose, Textilien, Abfall, Gummi, Kautschuk, Harze, Leder, Nahrungs-, Genuss- und Futtermittel, Mineralien, Pigmente, Farbstoffe, Pharmazeutika, Metalle, Verbundmaterialien wie Elektronikschrott, Kabel, Altreifen und dergleichen.Such devices are assigned to the field of mechanical processing technology, in particular the comminution of feed material by means of cutting, shearing, tearing or smashing. But also the dissolution of the composite of composite materials, which always involves a comminution of the feed material, is within the scope of the present invention. Consequently, generic devices are suitable for the comminution of bulk and bulk materials, in particular of plastics with and without admixtures, wood, waste wood, paper, cardboard, cellulose, textiles, waste, rubber, rubber, resins, leather, food, pleasure and Feeds, minerals, pigments, dyes, pharmaceuticals, metals, composites such as electronic scrap, cables, scrap tires and the like.

Das Grundprinzip der Gutbearbeitung ergibt sich aus dem Zusammenwirken rotierender Schneid-, Scher- oder Reißwerkzeuge mit feststehenden Werkzeugen oder aber in der Schlagenergie schnell rotierender Schlagwerkzeuge wie Hämmer, Platten und dergleichen, die das Aufgabegut zertrümmern. Nach ausreichender Zerkleinerung wird das Aufgabegut über ein Sieb aus der Vorrichtung abgezogen, wobei das Sieb zusätzlich als Zerkleinerungswerkzeug wirken kann. Das Sieb teilt somit den Gehäuseinnenraum funktionell in einen stromaufwärts liegenden Zerkleinerungsbereich und einem stromabwärts liegenden Bereich für den Austrag des bereits zerkleinerten Guts.The basic principle of crop processing results from the interaction of rotating cutting, shearing or tearing tools with fixed tools or in the impact energy quickly rotating impact tools such as hammers, plates and the like, which shatter the feed. After sufficient comminution, the feed material is withdrawn from the device via a sieve, wherein the sieve can additionally act as a comminuting tool. The screen thus divides the housing interior functionally into an upstream crushing section and a downstream section for discharging the already comminuted product.

Bei derartigen Maschinen erweist sich der Anschluss rotierender Maschinenteile an feststehende Maschinenteile als problematisch, insbesondere der Anschluss des Rotors an das Gehäuse erweist sich im Hinblick auf Verschleiß, Wärmeentwicklung innerhalb der Vorrichtung und Güte des Endprodukts als kritische Zone.In such machines, the connection of rotating machine parts to fixed machine parts proves problematic, in particular the connection of the rotor to the housing proves to be in terms of wear, heat generation within the device and quality of the final product as a critical zone.

Allgemein bekannt sind Mühlen mit einem aus Längs- und Querwänden bestehenden Gehäuse, in dem sich ein Rotor von einer Querwand zur gegenüberliegenden Querwand erstreckt. Der sich im Zuge der Zerkleinerung relativ zur Querwand bewegende Rotor nimmt das Aufgabegut auf seiner Kreisbahn mit, was zu einer erheblichen Reibung an den feststehenden Querwänden führt. Die Folgen sind einerseits ein Verschleiß der Innenseite der Gehäusewand und andererseits ein Wärmeeintrag in das Gehäuse selbst, da ein Teil der zugeführten Antriebsenergie in Reibungswärme umgewandelt wird. Das führt nicht nur zu einer zusätzlichen thermischen Belastung der Vorrichtung, mit der Folge dass gegebenenfalls Maßnahmen zur Kühlung getroffen werden müssen, sondern auch zu einer verschlechterten Energieeffizienz. Ein Beispiel für eine derartige Vorrichtung ist in der DE 34 01 929 A1 offenbart.Mills with a housing consisting of longitudinal and transverse walls, in which a rotor extends from one transverse wall to the opposite transverse wall, are generally known. The relatively moving in the course of comminution to the transverse wall rotor takes the feed material on its orbit, which leads to a considerable friction on the fixed transverse walls. The consequences are on the one hand a wear of the inside of the housing wall and on the other hand a heat input into the housing itself, since a part of the supplied drive energy is converted into frictional heat. That does not only lead to an additional thermal load of the device, with the result that if necessary cooling measures must be taken, but also to a deteriorated energy efficiency. An example of such a device is in DE 34 01 929 A1 disclosed.

Um dieser Problematik zu begegnen ist es bekannt, auf den Stirnseiten des Rotors eine Ringscheibe vorzusehen, die sich mit dem Rotor dreht und die mit ihrem Außenumfang radial über die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge hinaus reicht. Die mitdrehende Ringscheibe verhindert, dass das Aufgabegut in direkten Kontakt mit der Gehäusewand gelangt und dort auf seiner Kreisbahn Verschleiß und übermäßige Wärme verursacht. Damit sich das Aufgabegut nicht in dem Spalt zwischen Ringscheibe und Gehäuseinnenseite verklemmt, weist die Gehäusewand eine zur Ringscheibe konzentrische Vertiefung auf, in die der Rotor mit seiner Ringscheibe hineinreicht. Dabei ist zwischen Außenumfang der Ringscheibe und Innenumfang der Vertiefung lediglich ein geringer radialer Ringspalt eingehalten. Somit ist bei einer solchen Ausführungsform zwar das Problem des Verschleißes der Gehäuseinnenwand zu einem großen Teil gelöst, es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, dass in den Ringspalt zwischen Ringscheibe und Gehäusewand feines Aufgabegut gelangt und sich der Ringspalt auf diese Weise im Laufe der Zeit zusetzt. Um reibungsbedingten Verschleiß und Wärmeentwicklung im Ringsspalt zu begrenzen ist es notwendig, diesen in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen zu reinigen, mit dem Nachteil, dass der dafür erforderlichen Zeitaufwand die Stillstandszeiten der Vorrichtung vergrößert.To counteract this problem, it is known to provide on the end faces of the rotor an annular disc which rotates with the rotor and which extends radially beyond the comminution tools with its outer circumference. The co-rotating annular disc prevents the feed material from coming into direct contact with the housing wall, causing wear and excessive heat on its circular path. So that the feed material does not jam in the gap between the annular disk and the inner side of the housing, the housing wall has a recess which is concentric with the annular disk and into which the rotor extends with its annular disk. In this case, only a small radial annular gap is maintained between the outer circumference of the annular disc and the inner circumference of the recess. Thus, in such an embodiment, although the problem of wear of the housing inner wall is solved to a large extent, it has been shown that passes into the annular gap between the annular disc and housing wall fine feed material and the annular gap is added in this way over time. In order to limit friction-induced wear and heat generation in the annular gap, it is necessary to clean it at regular intervals, with the disadvantage that the time required for this increases the downtime of the device.

Um hier Abhilfe zu schaffen wird gemäß der US 2006/0118671 A1 vorgeschlagen, die konzentrischen Vertiefung in den Gehäusewänden über die gesamte Dicke der Querwand auszubilden, also eine konzentrische Öffnung in der Gehäusewand zu schaffen, innerhalb der der Rotor mit seiner drehenden Ringscheibe angeordnet ist. Der radiale Abstand zwischen Ringscheibe und Gehäusewand ist dabei so gering gewählt, dass sich eine Dichtwirkung gegenüber dem Aufgabegut einstellt. Dennoch gelangen im Zuge der Zerkleinerung sehr fein gewordene Partikel in den Spalt und treten auf der Gehäuseaußenseite wieder aus. Um dieses Gut aufzufangen und abzuleiten ist gemäß der US 2006/0118671 A1 an der Gehäuseaußenseite im Bereich des Spalts ein Blechkanal vorgesehen.To remedy this situation is in accordance with the US 2006/0118671 A1 proposed to form the concentric recess in the housing walls over the entire thickness of the transverse wall, so to create a concentric opening in the housing wall, within which the rotor is arranged with its rotating annular disc. The radial distance between the annular disc and the housing wall is chosen so low that sets a sealing effect against the feed material. Nevertheless, in the course of comminution very finely divided particles get into the gap and emerge again on the outside of the housing. In order to collect and derive this good is in accordance with US 2006/0118671 A1 provided on the outside of the housing in the region of the gap, a sheet-metal channel.

Als Nachteil erweist sich dabei, dass das mit dem Austritt aus dem Dichtspalt und damit aus dem Gehäuse austretende Material durch die Querwand vom übrigen Gutstrom getrennt wird und daher durch zusätzliche periphere Maschinenkomponenten wieder aufgefangen und einer weiteren Bearbeitung zugeführt werden muss, was sowohl einen konstruktiven als auch verfahrenstechnischen Mehraufwand mit sich bringt. Aus statischer Sicht wird die Querwand durch die große Öffnung, in der die Ringscheibe angeordnet ist, konstruktiv geschwächt, was die Steifigkeit der Maschinenkonstruktion beeinträchtigt. Die Öffnung führt ferner dazu, dass der Rotor nicht an den Querwänden des Gehäuses gelagert werden kann, sondern eine direkte Lagerung des Rotors auf dem Untergrund notwendig ist. Die an die Querwände anschließenden Blechkanäle sind keine statisch tragenden Maschinenteile wie zum Beispiel die Querwände und können daher nicht zur Lagerung des Rotors dienen. Im Hinblick auf eine möglichst schnelle und wirkungsvolle Reinigung und Wartung bilden die Blechkanäle an den Außenseiten der Querwände nur zusätzliche Vorsprünge und Ecken, die derartige Arbeiten erschweren.A disadvantage proves that the exiting from the sealing gap and thus from the housing material is separated by the transverse wall from the rest of the material flow and therefore collected by additional peripheral machine components and must be fed to further processing, which is both a constructive than also brings procedural overhead with it. From a static point of view, the transverse wall is structurally weakened by the large opening in which the annular disc is arranged, which impairs the rigidity of the machine construction. The opening also leads to the fact that the rotor can not be mounted on the transverse walls of the housing, but a direct mounting of the rotor on the ground is necessary. The subsequent to the transverse walls sheet metal ducts are not static bearing machine parts such as the transverse walls and therefore can not be used to support the rotor. With a view to the fastest possible and effective cleaning and maintenance, the sheet metal ducts on the outer sides of the transverse walls only form additional projections and corners which make such work more difficult.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, bekannte Vorrichtungen in konstruktiver und funktioneller Hinsicht zu verbessern.Against this background, the invention has the object to improve known devices in design and functional terms.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtungen mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a device having the features of patent claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.

Ein erster Vorteil der Erfindung ergibt sich aus dem konstruktiven Merkmal, den Anschlussbereich der sich drehende Rotorenden an feststehende Maschinenteile, wie zum Beispiel an die Siebbahn, axial nach innen in Richtung Gehäusemitte zu verlegen und zwar unter gleichzeitiger Schaffung eines Freiraums zwischen Gehäuse und Rotor. Mit dieser Maßnahme werden auf einmal zwei gravierende Nachteile des oben beschriebenen Standes der Technik behoben.A first advantage of the invention results from the structural feature of laying the connection region of the rotating rotor ends to stationary machine parts, such as the screen web, axially inwards in the direction of the center of the housing, while at the same time creating a free space between the housing and the rotor. With this measure, at once two serious disadvantages of the prior art described above are eliminated.

Zum einen wird Material, welches durch den Dichtspalt gelangt, unmittelbar und ohne weitere Vorkehrungen noch innerhalb des Gehäuses dem übrigen Materialstrom wieder zugeführt. Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zeichnet sich daher durch eine vereinfachte Maschinenkonstruktion bei gleichzeitig vermindertem betrieblichen Aufwand aus. Zum anderen werden die bislang bekannten thermischen Probleme durch den Luftspalt im Freiraum zwischen der Gehäusewand und dem Rotor behoben. Der Luftspalt stellt jeweils eine thermische Isolierung für die Querwand dar, die sich infolgedessen nicht mehr so stark erwärmt. Temperaturbedingte Probleme treten daher bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in weit weniger starkem Maße auf. In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung dieses Gedankens kann der Freiraum von Kühlluft durchströmt sein, die beispielsweise durch Öffnungen im Gehäuse zugeführt wird. Bei einer Durchströmung des Freiraums von oben nach unten unterstützt die Kühlluft zusätzlich dem Materialstrom.On the one hand material which passes through the sealing gap, fed directly and without further precautions within the housing the rest of the material flow. A device according to the invention is therefore characterized by a simplified machine design with simultaneously reduced operating costs. On the other hand, the previously known thermal problems are corrected by the air gap in the space between the housing wall and the rotor. The air gap in each case represents a thermal insulation for the transverse wall, which consequently no longer heats up so much. Temperature-related problems therefore occur in a device according to the invention to a much lesser extent. In an advantageous development of this idea, the free space of cooling air can be flowed through, for example, by Openings in the housing is supplied. When the free space flows through from top to bottom, the cooling air additionally supports the flow of material.

Die Querwände stellen konstruktiv tragende Teile dar, denen bei der Abtragung statischer und dynamischer Lasten eine wesentliche Funktion zukommt. Durch die Verlagerung des Dichtspalts aus der Ebene der Querwand ( US 2006/0118671 A1 ) axial nach innen kann die Querwand ohne konstruktive Schwächung bleiben und daher besser zur Lastabtragung dienen.The transverse walls represent structurally bearing parts, which play an essential role in the removal of static and dynamic loads. By the displacement of the sealing gap from the plane of the transverse wall ( US 2006/0118671 A1 ) axially inward, the transverse wall can remain without constructive weakening and therefore better serve for load transfer.

In Weiteführung dieses Gedankens können die Querwände einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung die Lagerung des Rotors bewerkstelligen, beispielsweise indem Tragkonsolen an den Außenseiten der Querwänden befestigt sind. Das führt zu einer äußerst kompakten Bauweise, bei der alle wesentlichen Komponenten innerhalb oder am Gehäuse befestigt sind.In Weiteführung this idea, the transverse walls of a device according to the invention can accomplish the storage of the rotor, for example by supporting brackets are attached to the outer sides of the transverse walls. This leads to an extremely compact design, in which all essential components are mounted inside or on the housing.

Als Vorteil erweist es sich, wenn die Querwände über Längsprofile biegesteif miteinander verbunden sind und so einen steifen Tragrahmen bilden. Das erlaubt die Anbringung von Türen an den Längsseiten der Vorrichtung, über die die Zugänglichkeit zum Gehäuseinneren gewährleistet ist.It proves to be an advantage if the transverse walls are rigidly connected to each other via longitudinal profiles and thus form a rigid support frame. This allows the installation of doors on the long sides of the device, through which the accessibility to the housing interior is ensured.

Der Freiraum ist vorteilhafterweise nach beiden Seiten und nach oben hin geschlossen. Die den Freiraum dabei begrenzenden Flächen können beispielsweise von den Längswänden und dem Deckblech gebildet sein. Nach oben kann auch ein den oberen Umfangsabschnitt umlaufendes Abstands Formteil den Abschluss bilden, das zur Befestigung des stirnseitigen Verschleißbleches zwischen Verschleißblech und Querwand abgeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise wird das aus dem Dichtspalt austretende Gut gesammelt und zielgerichtet wieder mit dem Materialstrom vereint.The space is advantageously closed on both sides and upwards. The space limiting the space may be formed for example by the longitudinal walls and the cover plate. To the top, a circumferential portion surrounding the upper peripheral portion form the conclusion, which is seconded for attachment of the frontal wear plate between wear plate and transverse wall. In this way, the exiting from the sealing gap Good is collected and reunited purposefully with the flow of material.

Um den Materialfluss innerhalb des Freiraums nicht zu behindern, aber auch um die Querwände vor zu großer Wärmeabstrahlung zu schützen, ist ein Mindestabstand der Ringscheiben des Rotors von den zugeordneten Querwänden erforderlich. In diesem Zusammenhang haben sich Abstände von mindestens 2 cm, vorzugsweise mindestens 3 cm oder 5 cm als vorteilhaft erwiesen.In order not to hinder the flow of material within the free space, but also to protect the transverse walls from excessive heat radiation, a minimum distance of the annular discs of the rotor from the associated transverse walls is required. In this context, distances of at least 2 cm, preferably at least 3 cm or 5 cm have proven to be advantageous.

Der die Ringscheiben umlaufende Dichtspalt muss zweierlei Anforderungen genügen. Einerseits soll verhindert werden, dass nicht ordentlich zerkleinertes Aufgabegut in den Gutaustrag gelangt, wozu der Dichtspalt eine gewisse Weite nicht übersteigen darf. Andererseits muss eine möglichst behinderungsfreie Rotation des Rotors gegenüber feststehenden Maschinenteilen wie z.B. den Siebbahnen gewährleistet sein, was eine Mindestweite des Dichtspalts voraussetzt. Um diese sich grundsätzlich widersprechenden Forderungen zu erfüllen, sieht die Erfindung eine Weite des Dichtspalts von maximal 3 mm vor, vorzugsweise maximal 1 mm oder 0,5 mm.The annular gap surrounding the sealing gap must meet two requirements. On the one hand to prevent that not properly crushed feed material enters the Gutaustrag what the sealing gap may not exceed a certain width. On the other hand, the most obstacle-free rotation of the rotor relative to fixed machine parts, such as the screen webs, must be ensured, which requires a minimum width of the sealing gap. In order to meet these basically contradictory requirements, the invention provides a width of the sealing gap of at most 3 mm, preferably at most 1 mm or 0.5 mm.

Dabei kann der Dichtspalt umso enger realisiert werden, je geringer die Montagetoleranzen der den Dichtspalt bildenden Maschinenkomponenten sind. In diesem Zusammenhang sieht die Erfindung eine Montage der Siebe auf den zugehörigen Siebträgerrahmen vor, bei der die Siebe nicht nur geklemmt, sondern gleichzeitig mit Ihrer Rückseite gegen den Siebträgerrahmen gespannt werden. Da der Siebträgerrahmen die exakte Sollgeometrie vorgibt, wird auf diese Weise sicher gestellt, dass auch die Siebbahnen die wunschgemäße Geometrie über die gesamte Länge des Dichtspalts aufweisen und die Weite des Dichtspalts minimiert werden kann.In this case, the sealing gap can be realized more closely, the smaller the assembly tolerances of the machine components forming the sealing gap. In this context, the invention provides for mounting the screens on the associated Siebträgerrahmen, in which the sieves are not only clamped, but simultaneously stretched with your back against the Siebträgerrahmen. Since the Siebträgerrahmen specifies the exact nominal geometry, it is ensured in this way that the screen webs have the desired geometry over the entire length of the sealing gap and the width of the sealing gap can be minimized.

Zur Effizienzsteigerung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erstrecken sich die Siebbahnen insgesamt über mindestens die Hälfte des Rotorumfangs, beispielsweise über zwei Drittel. Um ein exaktes Anliegen der Siebe am Siebträgerrahmen über den gesamten vorgesehenen Umfangsabschnitt sicher zu stellen ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Rotor dabei von zwei oder mehr Siebbahnen umgeben ist.To increase the efficiency of a device according to the invention, the screen webs extend a total of at least half of the rotor circumference, for example over two-thirds. In order to ensure an exact fit of the sieves on the Siebträgerrahmen over the entire provided peripheral portion, it is advantageous if the rotor is surrounded by two or more Siebbahnen.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels in Form einer Schneidmühle näher erläutert. Da das Ausführungsbeispiel nicht einschränkend zu verstehen ist, liegen ebenso ähnliche aufgebaute und auf dem gleichen Funktionsprinzip beruhende Vorrichtungen im Rahmen der Erfindung, beispielsweise Trommelreißer, Schlagmühlen und dergleichen.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings in the form of a cutting mill. Since the exemplary embodiment is not to be understood as limiting, likewise similar devices constructed and based on the same functional principle are within the scope of the invention, for example drum tappets, impact mills and the like.

Es zeigt

Figur 1
einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung entlang der in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellten Linie I - I,
Figur 2
einen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung entlang der in Figur 1 dargestellten Linie II - II,
Figur 3
einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung entlang der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Linie III - III und
Figur 4
ein Detail des in Figur 2 markierten Bereichs IV.
It shows
FIG. 1
a cross section through a device according to the invention along in the Figures 2 and 3 illustrated line I - I,
FIG. 2
a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention along the in FIG. 1 shown line II - II,
FIG. 3
a horizontal section through a device according to the invention along in the FIGS. 1 and 2 shown line III - III and
FIG. 4
a detail of in FIG. 2 marked area IV.

Der genauere Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ergibt sich aus den Figuren 1 bis 4, die eine Schneidmühle darstellen. Die Schneidmühle besitzt ein auf dem mit 1 angedeuteten Unterbau ruhendes Gehäuse 2, das sich im Wesentlichen zusammensetzt aus zwei sich in axialem Abstand planparallel gegenüber liegenden Querwänden 3 und 4, deren Umriss im unteren Bereich rechteckförmig und im oberen Bereich trapezförmig ist (Figur 1). Die Querwände 3 und 4 sind konstruktiv tragende Teile, die in ihrem Fußbereich auf jeder Seite jeweils durch einen Längsholm 5 kraftschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind. Im Übergangsbereich vom rechteckförmigen Bereich zum trapezförmigen Bereich steifen ebenfalls achsparallel verlaufende Längsholme 7 die Gehäusekonstruktion aus, wodurch sich insgesamt ein steifer Tragrahmen ergibt. Die Längsseiten des Gehäuses 2 sind jeweils durch Längswände 9 und 10 verschlossen, die mittels Scharniere 11 nach Lösen der Verriegelung 13 um eine vertikale Achse schwenkbar sind, um die Zugänglichkeit zum Gehäuseinneren zu gewährleisten.The more detailed structure of the device according to the invention results from the FIGS. 1 to 4 representing a granulator. The granulator has a resting on the indicated with 1 substructure housing 2, which is composed essentially of two axially parallel plane-parallel opposite transverse walls 3 and 4, whose outline is rectangular in the lower region and trapezoidal in the upper region ( FIG. 1 ). The transverse walls 3 and 4 are structurally bearing parts, which are connected in their foot region on each side by a longitudinal spar 5 frictionally with each other. In the transition region from the rectangular region to the trapezoidal region also axially parallel longitudinal struts 7 stiffen the housing construction, resulting in a total of a rigid support frame. The longitudinal sides of the housing 2 are each closed by longitudinal walls 9 and 10, which are pivotable by means of hinges 11 after release of the lock 13 about a vertical axis in order to ensure the accessibility to the housing interior.

Die Oberseite des Gehäuses 2 besitzt eine rechteckförmige Öffnung 12, die sich ins Gehäuseinnere als vertikaler Zufuhrschacht 15 mit rechteckförmigem Querschnitt fortsetzt und in den Wirkungsbereich eines zentral im Gehäuse 2 angeordneten, um eine Längsachse 16 drehenden Rotor 17 führt. Die Seiten des Zufuhrschachts 15 sind mit Verschleißblechen 14 ausgekleidet. Die außerhalb des Zufuhrschachts 15 liegenden Bereiche der Gehäuseoberseite sind mit Deckblechen 47 verschlossen, die auf den Gehäusewänden aufliegen (siehe v. a. Fig. 1 und 2). Der untere Bereich des Gehäuse 2 bildet einen Gutaustrag 33 und ist nach unten offen.The upper side of the housing 2 has a rectangular opening 12, which continues into the interior of the housing as a vertical feed shaft 15 with a rectangular cross-section and leads into the area of action of a rotor 17 arranged centrally in the housing 2 and rotating about a longitudinal axis 16. The sides of the feed slot 15 are lined with wear plates 14. The lying outside of the feed slot 15 areas of the housing top are closed with cover plates 47, which rest on the housing walls (see above Fig. 1 and 2 ). The lower portion of the housing 2 forms a Gutaustrag 33 and is open at the bottom.

Wie zudem aus den Figuren 1 und 2 hervorgeht umfasst der Rotor 17 eine Antriebswelle 18, auf der in axialem Abstand koaxial zueinander angeordnete Rotorscheiben 19 drehfest sitzen. Die Rotorscheiben 19 weisen gleichmäßig über ihren Umfang verteilte radiale Randausnehmungen auf, die zur Aufnahme von achsparallelen Messerleisten 20 bestimmt sind. Die Messerleisten 20 werden mittels radial spannbarer Klemmkeile 21 derart in den Randausnehmungen fixiert, dass die Schneiden 8 der Messerleisten 20 auf einem gemeinsamen Schneidenflugkreis 22 zu liegen kommen.As well as from the FIGS. 1 and 2 As can be seen, the rotor 17 comprises a drive shaft 18 on which rotor disks 19, which are arranged at an axial distance from one another and are arranged coaxially with respect to one another, are non-rotatably mounted. The rotor disks 19 have radially distributed over its circumference radial Randausnehmungen, which are intended to receive paraxial knife strips 20. The male connectors 20 are fixed by means of radially clamped clamping wedges 21 in the Randausnehmungen that the blades 8 of the male connectors 20 come to rest on a common cutting circle 22.

Aus den Figuren 2 und 3 ist ersichtlich, dass die Enden der Antriebswelle 17 durch die Querwände 3 und 4 hindurch reichen und außerhalb des Gehäuses 2 in Wellenlagern 44 drehbar gelagert sind. Zu diesem Zweck sind an der Außenseite der Querwände 3 und 4 Konsolen 23 angeschweißt, auf denen die Wellenlager 44 im axialen Abstand zu den Querwänden 3 und 4 ruhen. Das Gewicht des Rotors 17 sowie dynamische Kräfte werden von den Querwänden 3 und 4 abgeleitet. Über einen nicht weiter dargestellten Antrieb wird die Antriebswelle 18 und damit der gesamte Rotor 17 in Rotation versetzt. In Figur 1 ist die Rotationsrichtung mit dem Pfeil 24 angegeben.From the Figures 2 and 3 It can be seen that the ends of the drive shaft 17 extend through the transverse walls 3 and 4 and are rotatably mounted outside of the housing 2 in shaft bearings 44. For this purpose are on the outside of the transverse walls 3 and 4 Welded brackets 23 on which the shaft bearings 44 rest at an axial distance to the transverse walls 3 and 4. The weight of the rotor 17 and dynamic forces are derived from the transverse walls 3 and 4. About a non-illustrated drive, the drive shaft 18 and thus the entire rotor 17 is rotated. In FIG. 1 the direction of rotation is indicated by the arrow 24.

Die stirnseitigen Enden des Rotors 17 werden von zur Achse 16 konzentrischen Ringscheiben 25 gebildet, die im vorliegenden Beispiel aus drei Ringsegmenten mit einem Umfangsabschnitt von jeweils 120° zusammengesetzt und axial mit der ersten beziehungsweise letzten Rotorscheibe 19 verschraubt sind. Der Außendurchmesser der Ringscheiben 25 ist dabei größer als der Durchmesser des Schneidenflugkreises 22. In den Figuren 1 und 4 ist der Außenumfang der Ringscheibe 25 mit 26 gekennzeichnet. Figur 2 offenbart, dass die Verschleißbleche 14 des Zufuhrschachts 15 im Bereich der Ringscheiben 25 ausgenommen sind und die Ringscheiben 16 innerhalb der Ausnehmungen angeordnet sind, wobei sie mit ihrem Außenumfang 26 den Verschleißblechen 14 eng radial gegenüberliegen und auf diese Weise einen Dichtspalt 43 bilden. Die stirnseitigen Verschleißbleche 14 und die Ringscheiben 25 bzw. 26 liegen folglich im Wesentlichen in einer Ebene.The front ends of the rotor 17 are formed by concentric to the axis 16 annular discs 25, which are composed in the present example of three ring segments with a peripheral portion of 120 ° and axially bolted to the first and last rotor disc 19. The outer diameter of the annular discs 25 is greater than the diameter of the blade circle 22. In the FIGS. 1 and 4 the outer circumference of the annular disc 25 is indicated at 26. FIG. 2 discloses that the wear plates 14 of the feed shaft 15 are excluded in the region of the annular discs 25 and the annular discs 16 are disposed within the recesses, with their outer periphery 26 the wear plates 14 radially opposite and thus form a sealing gap 43. The end-side wear plates 14 and the annular discs 25 and 26 are thus substantially in one plane.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich sind im Umfangsbereich des Rotors 17 unmittelbar seitlich der beiden Längsseiten des Zufuhrschachts 15 Statormesser 27 angeordnet, die sich über die gesamte axiale Länge des Rotors 17 erstrecken und mit ihren Schneiden 8 unter Einhaltung eines radialen Schneidspalts den Messerleisten 20 des Rotors 17 gegenüber liegen. Die Befestigung der Statormesser 27 am Gehäuse 2 erfolgt über ebenfalls achsparallele Klemmbalken 28, die von der Querwand 3 zur Querwand 4 verlaufen und dort in Aufnahmeschlitzen 30 lösbar befestigt und gelagert sind. Mittels Klemmplatten 29 sind die Statormesser 27 gegen die Klemmbalken 28 gespannt.How out Fig. 1 visible are in the peripheral region of the rotor 17 immediately laterally of the two longitudinal sides of the feed slot 15 Statormesser 27 arranged extending over the entire axial length of the rotor 17 and with their cutting 8 while maintaining a radial cutting gap the male connectors 20 of the rotor 17 are opposite. The attachment of the stator knives 27 on the housing 2 via likewise axially parallel clamping bar 28, which extend from the transverse wall 3 to the transverse wall 4 and there releasably secured and stored in receiving slots 30. By means of clamping plates 29, the stator knives 27 are clamped against the clamping bar 28.

Im unteren Scheitelpunkt liegt dem Rotor 17 ein weiterer achsparalleler Längsholm 31 radial gegenüber, der zur Aussteifung des Gehäuses 2 biegesteif an die Querwände 3 und 4 anschließt. Die Umfangsabschnitte zwischen den beiden Klemmbalken 28 und dem Längsholm 31 sind jeweils von einer bogenförmigen Siebbahn 32 bedeckt, die sich in axialer Richtung über die gesamte Länge des Rotors 17 bis zu den Außenseiten der Ringscheiben 25 und 26 erstreckt und zu den Querwänden 3 und 4 jeweils einen lichten axialen Abstand einhalten. Zusammen bedecken die beiden Siebbahnen 32 auf diese Wiese mehr als zwei Drittel des Rotorumfangs.In the lower vertex is the rotor 17, a further axis-parallel longitudinal spar 31 radially opposite, which adjoins the stiffening of the housing 2 rigidly to the transverse walls 3 and 4. The peripheral portions between the two clamping bars 28 and the longitudinal beam 31 are each covered by an arcuate Siebbahn 32 extending in the axial direction over the entire length of the rotor 17 to the outer sides of the annular discs 25 and 26 and to the transverse walls 3 and 4, respectively maintain a clear axial distance. Together, the two screen webs 32 cover more than two-thirds of the rotor circumference in this way.

Jede Siebbahn 32 setzt sich im Wesentlichen zusammen aus einem Siebträgerrahmen 34, der durch bogenförmige Rippen 35 verstärkt ist. Im Bereich des Längsholms 31 sind an den Siebträgerrahmen 34 Schenkel 36 angeschweißt, die mit ihrem freien Ende jeweils drehfest auf einer Welle 37 sitzen. Die Wellen 37 verlaufen parallel zum Längsholm 31 und sind mit ihrem Ende zum Abklappen der Siebelemente 32 mit einem nicht dargestellten Drehantrieb gekoppelt.Each screen web 32 is composed essentially of a Siebträgerrahmen 34 which is reinforced by arcuate ribs 35. In the region of the longitudinal beam 31, legs 36 are welded to the portafilter frame 34, which each have their free end rotationally fixed on a shaft 37. The shafts 37 extend parallel to the longitudinal beam 31 and are coupled with their end for folding down the screen elements 32 with a rotary drive, not shown.

Auf der dem Rotor 17 zugewandten Innenseite sind Siebträgerrahmen 34 und Rippen 35 jeweils mit Lochblechen 38 belegt. Zur lagegenauen Fixierung der Lochbleche 38 sind deren in Umfangsrichtung obere und untere Ränder mittels Klemmleisten 39 und 40 gegeneinander verspannt. Der Kraftvektor der dabei ausgeübten Spannkraft besitzt sowohl eine radiale als auch tangentiale Komponente in Richtung des gegenüberliegenden Siebrandes. Auf diese Weise ist gewährleistet, dass die Lochbleche 38 präzise am Innenumfang des Siebträgerrahmens 34 und der Rippen 35 anliegen.On the rotor 17 facing inside Siebträgerrahmen 34 and ribs 35 are each covered with perforated plates 38. For positionally accurate fixation of the perforated plates 38 whose upper and lower edges in the circumferential direction are braced against each other by means of clamping strips 39 and 40. The force vector of the clamping force exerted thereby has both a radial and a tangential component in the direction of the opposite sieve edge. In this way it is ensured that the perforated plates 38 abut precisely on the inner circumference of the Siebträgerrahmens 34 and the ribs 35.

Durch diese Art der Konstruktion wird innerhalb des Gehäuses 2 ein geschlossener Bereich geschaffen, der in radialer Richtung von den Längswänden des Zuführschachts 15, den Klemmbalken 28, den Siebbahnen 32 sowie dem Längsholm 31 begrenzt ist und in axialer Richtung von den beiden rotierenden Ringscheiben 25 und den von den stirnseitigen Verschleißblechen 14 gebildeten Wänden des Zuführschachts 15. Verfahrenstechnisch bilden die genannten Maschinenteile somit eine Trennung, wobei der stromaufwärts der Trennung liegende Bereich der aktiven Zerkleinerung des Aufgabeguts zugeordnet ist, während der stromabwärts der Trennung liegende Bereich dem Abzug des zerkleinerten Guts aus der Vorrichtung über den Gutaustrag 33 dient.By this type of construction, a closed area is created within the housing 2, which is bounded in the radial direction by the longitudinal walls of the feed chute 15, the clamping bar 28, the screen paths 32 and the longitudinal spar 31 and in the axial direction of the two rotating annular discs 25 and In terms of process technology, the said machine parts thus form a separation, wherein the region upstream of the separation is assigned to the active comminution of the feed material, whereas the region downstream of the separation corresponds to the withdrawal of the comminuted product from the feedstock Device on the Gutaustrag 33 is used.

Von großer Bedeutung in diesem Zusammenhang ist der Anschluss rotierender Maschinenteile, nämlich der Ringscheiben 25 an feststehende Maschinenteile, hier im Wesentlichen an die Siebbahnen 32 und die stirnseitigen Verschleißbleche 14. Zum einen muss sichergestellt sein, dass in diesem Bereich nur unzureichend zerkleinertes Aufgabegut nicht unter Umgehung der Siebbahn 32 in den Austragsbereich der Vorrichtung gelangt, was einen relativ geringen Spalt voraussetzt. Andererseits darf der Spalt zwischen rotierenden und feststehenden Maschinenteilen nicht so eng sein, dass dadurch die Drehbewegung des Rotors beeinträchtigt oder die Wärmeentwicklung infolge Reibung zu groß ist.Of great importance in this context is the connection of rotating machine parts, namely the annular discs 25 to fixed machine parts, here essentially to the screen paths 32 and the front side wear plates 14. First, it must be ensured that in this area only insufficiently crushed feed material, bypassing the screen web 32 passes into the discharge of the device, which requires a relatively small gap. On the other hand, the gap between rotating and fixed machine parts must not be so narrow that thereby affects the rotational movement of the rotor or the heat generation due to friction is too large.

Figur 4 zeigt diesen Bereich in größerem Maßstab. Man sieht vom Rotor 17 ein Teil der endseitigen Rotorscheibe 19, die mit ihrem äußeren Umfang eine Messerleiste 20 trägt, deren Schneide wiederum mit dem Bezugszeichen 8 gekennzeichnet ist. An der Außenseite der Rotorscheibe 19 ist koaxial die Ringscheibe 25 befestigt, die mit ihrem Außenumfang 41 radial über die Schneide 8 der Messerleiste 20 übersteht. An der Außenseite der Ringscheibe 25 ist wiederum ein stabförmiges Räumwerkzeug 42 angeschraubt, das sich radial über den Außenumfang 41 der Ringscheibe 25 erstreckt. FIG. 4 shows this area on a larger scale. It can be seen from the rotor 17, a portion of the end-side rotor disk 19, which carries with its outer periphery a male connector 20, the cutting edge is again identified by the reference numeral 8. On the outside the rotor disk 19 is coaxially fixed to the annular disk 25, which projects with its outer circumference 41 radially beyond the cutting edge 8 of the male connector 20. On the outside of the annular disc 25, in turn, a rod-shaped broaching tool 42 is screwed, which extends radially over the outer circumference 41 of the annular disc 25.

Der Ringscheibe 25 liegt in radialer Richtung das auf dem Siebträgerrahmen 34 der Siebbahn 32 liegende Lochblech 38 gegenüber, wobei zwischen dem Außenumfang 41 der Ringscheibe 25 und dem Lochblech 38 ein geringer radialer Dichtspalt 43 mit einer Weite von 0,5 mm bis 3 mm, vorzugsweise 1 mm eingehalten ist. Die Weite des Dichtspalts 43 ist im Wesentlichen von der Art des Aufgabeguts, der Art der Zerkleinerung und der angestrebten Feinheit sowie dem erforderlichen Spiel für die Drehbewegung des Rotors 17 abhängig. Das Räumwerkzeug 42 erstreckt sich radial über den Dichtspalt 43 hinaus und erfasst dabei feines Aufgabegut, das durch den Dichtspalt 43 gelangt und beugt auf diese Weise einem Verstopfen des Dichtspalts 43 vor.The annular disc 25 is located in the radial direction on the Siebträgerrahmen 34 of the screen path 32 opposite perforated plate 38, wherein between the outer periphery 41 of the annular disc 25 and the perforated plate 38, a small radial sealing gap 43 with a width of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, preferably 1 mm is maintained. The width of the sealing gap 43 is essentially dependent on the type of feedstock, the type of comminution and the desired fineness and the required clearance for the rotational movement of the rotor 17. The broaching tool 42 extends radially beyond the sealing gap 43 and thereby captures fine feed material which passes through the sealing gap 43 and in this way prevents clogging of the sealing gap 43.

Im lichten axialen Abstand liegt der Ringscheibe 25 sowie dem Siebelement 32 die Querwand 3 gegenüber, an deren Außenseite man noch den Teil der Konsole 23 für die Wellenlagerung 44 erkennt. Der Abstand beträgt mindestens 1 cm, vorzugsweise mindestens 2 cm oder mindestens 3 cm. Im vorliegenden Beispiele weist die Schneidmühle einen Abstand von sogar 5 cm auf, der gegebenenfalls noch größer sein kann. Mit einem ausreichenden Abstand wird gewährleistet, dass sich keine Materialansammlungen im Freiraum 6 bilden, die den freien Fluss behindern würden und es wird die thermische Belastung der Querwände gemindert.In the clear axial distance of the annular disk 25 and the screen member 32 is the transverse wall 3 opposite, on the outside of which one still recognizes the part of the bracket 23 for the shaft bearing 44. The distance is at least 1 cm, preferably at least 2 cm or at least 3 cm. In the present examples, the granulator has a distance of even 5 cm, which may possibly be even greater. With a sufficient distance ensures that no accumulations of material form in the free space 6, which would hinder the free flow and it is the thermal load of the transverse walls reduced.

Durch den lichten Abstand zwischen Querwand 3 und Ringscheibe 25 ergibt sich erfindungsgemäß ein scheibenförmiger Freiraum 6, der radial nach unten unmittelbar in den Gutaustrag 33 der Vorrichtung übergeht. Der Freiraum 6 erstreckt sich vorteilhafterweise mindestens über die gesamte Teillänge des Dichtspalts 43 im Bereich der Siebbahnen 32, das heißt, dass alles Gut, das zwischen Ringscheibe 25 und Siebbahnen 32 aus dem Spalt 43 austritt, im Freiraum 6 aufgefangen wird. Der Freiraum 6 kann sich aber auch über den gesamten Umfang des Dichtspalts 43 erstrecken, also auch zusätzlich über den Bereich des Zufuhrschachts 15. Zu den Seiten hin ist der Freiraum 6 im wesentlichen von den Längswänden 9 und 10 begrenzt und nach oben von den Deckblechen 47 in diesem Bereich. Die Breite des Freiraums 6 entspricht daher im Wesentlichen der Breite der Querwände 3 und 4. Der Freiraum 6 ist also nach oben und zu den Seiten hin verschlossen und lediglich nach unten in Richtung Gutaustrag 33 offen. Dabei wird der Freiraum 6 von der Antriebwelle 18 durchdrungen, die er in etwa ringförmig umgibt.Due to the clearance between the transverse wall 3 and annular disc 25 results according to the invention a disc-shaped space 6, which merges radially downward directly into the Gutaustrag 33 of the device. The free space 6 advantageously extends at least over the entire partial length of the sealing gap 43 in the region of the screen webs 32, that is, all good that exits between the annular disk 25 and the webs 32 from the gap 43 is collected in the free space 6. However, the free space 6 may also extend over the entire circumference of the sealing gap 43, ie also in addition over the region of the feed chute 15. To the sides, the free space 6 is essentially delimited by the longitudinal walls 9 and 10 and upwardly by the cover plates 47 in this area. The width of the free space 6 therefore essentially corresponds to the width of the transverse walls 3 and 4. The free space 6 is therefore closed upwards and to the sides and only open downwards in the direction of Gutaustrag 33. In this case, the free space 6 is penetrated by the drive shaft 18, which surrounds it in an approximately annular manner.

Mit Hilfe des Freiraums 6 wird Aufgabegut, das axial durch den Dichtspalt 43 gelangt, im Freiraum 6 in radiale Richtung umgelenkt und direkt und ohne weitere Maßnahmen dem Gutstrom stromabwärts der Siebelemente 32 zugeführt.With the help of the free space 6 is feed material which passes axially through the sealing gap 43, deflected in the free space 6 in the radial direction and fed directly and without further measures the flow of material downstream of the sieve elements 32.

Wie vor allem in Figur 2 dargestellt können die Querwände 3 und 4 jeweils eine oder mehrere Öffnungen 45 besitzen, die von außen in den Freiraum 6 münden und über die der Freiraum 6 mit einem Luftstrom 46 beaufschlagt werden kann. Der Luftstrom 46 kann zur Kühlung der Vorrichtung dienen, gleichzeitig aber auch den Materialfluss innerhalb des Freiraums 6 und im weiteren im Gutaustrag 33 unterstützen.Especially in FIG. 2 the transverse walls 3 and 4 can each have one or more openings 45, which open from the outside into the free space 6 and over which the free space 6 can be acted upon by an air flow 46. The air flow 46 can serve to cool the device, but at the same time also support the material flow within the free space 6 and in the further Gutaustrag 33.

Claims (12)

Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut mit einem aus Längswänden (9, 10) und Querwänden (3, 4) bestehenden Gehäuse (2) zur Aufnahme eines um eine Längsachse (16) drehenden Rotors (17), der über seinen Umfang mit Bearbeitungswerkzeugen (20) ausgestattet ist und an dessen Stirnseiten jeweils konzentrisch zur Längsachse (16) eine Ringscheibe (25) befestigt ist, und mit mindestens einer Siebbahn (32), die sich innerhalb des Gehäuses (2) über einen Teil des Umfangs des Rotors (17) erstreckt, wobei die Siebbahn (32) unter Bildung eines Dichtspalts (43) jeweils in geringem radialem Abstand zu den Ringscheiben (25) verläuft, und wobei das Aufgabegut über einen Zufuhrschacht (15) dem Rotor (17) zugeführt und über einen stromabwärts der Siebbahn (32) verlaufenden Gutaustrag (33) aus der Vorrichtung geleitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beide Ringscheiben (25) zur Bildung eines Freiraums (6) jeweils in lichtem axialem Abstand A zu den Querwänden (3, 4) angeordnet sind.Device for comminuting feed material with a housing (2) consisting of longitudinal walls (9, 10) and transverse walls (3, 4) for receiving a rotor (17) rotating about a longitudinal axis (16), which has machining tools (20) over its circumference. is equipped and at its end faces in each case concentric with the longitudinal axis (16) an annular disc (25) is fixed, and with at least one screen web (32) extending within the housing (2) over part of the circumference of the rotor (17), wherein the screen web (32) extends to form a sealing gap (43) at a small radial distance from the annular discs (25), and wherein the feed material via a feed shaft (15) to the rotor (17) and fed via a downstream of the screen web (32 ) Gutaustrag (33) is guided out of the device, characterized in that both annular discs (25) to form a free space (6) in each case at a clear axial distance A to the transverse walls (3, 4) are arranged. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der lichte axiale Abstand A mindestens 2 cm, vorzugsweise mindestens 3 cm oder mindestens 5 cm beträgt.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the clear axial distance A is at least 2 cm, preferably at least 3 cm or at least 5 cm. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Freiraum (6) innerhalb des Gehäuses (2) in radialer Richtung unmittelbar in den Gutaustrag (33) mündet.Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the free space (6) within the housing (2) opens in the radial direction directly into the Gutaustrag (33). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Freiraum (6) zu den Seiten und nach oben hin geschlossen ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the free space (6) is closed to the sides and upwards. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Stirnseite des Rotors (17) Räumwerkzeuge (42) angeordnet sind, die sich radial über den Außenumfang der Stirnscheiben (25) erstrecken.Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that on the end face of the rotor (17) reaming tools (42) are arranged, which extend radially over the outer circumference of the end discs (25). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Freiraum (6) von oben nach unten luftdurchströmt ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the free space (6) is flowed through from top to bottom. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dichtspalt (43) eine radiale Weite von maximal 3 mm, vorzugsweise maximal 1 mm oder maximal 0,5 mm besitzt.Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sealing gap (43) has a radial width of at most 3 mm, preferably at most 1 mm or a maximum of 0.5 mm. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Siebbahn (32) Lochbleche (38) umfasst, die auf einem Siebträgerrahmen (34) fixiert sind, wobei der Siebträgerrahmen (34) Klemmleisten (39, 40) aufweist, die die achsparallelen Rändern der Lochbleche (38) klemmen.Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the screen web (32) perforated plates (38) which are fixed on a Siebträgerrahmen (34), wherein the Siebträgerrahmen (34) clamping strips (39, 40), which the clamp axially parallel edges of the perforated plates (38). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rotor (17) von zwei Siebbahnen (32) umgeben ist, die in Rotationsrichtung (24) aufeinander folgen.Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the rotor (17) of two screen paths (32) is surrounded, which follow one another in the direction of rotation (24). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Siebbahnen (32) zusammen über mindestens den halben Umfang des Rotors (17) erstrecken, vorzugsweise über mindestens zwei Drittel.Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the screen webs (32) extend together over at least half the circumference of the rotor (17), preferably over at least two-thirds. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Querwände (3, 4) zur Bildung eines Tragrahmens mittels Längsprofile miteinander verbunden sind.Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the two transverse walls (3, 4) are interconnected to form a support frame by means of longitudinal profiles. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Wellenlagerungen (44) an den Querwänden (3, 4) befestigt sind.Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the two shaft bearings (44) on the transverse walls (3, 4) are attached.
EP20110007099 2010-09-12 2011-09-01 Device for grinding dispensed products Active EP2428274B1 (en)

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DE102010045125A DE102010045125A1 (en) 2010-09-12 2010-09-12 Device for crushing feedstock

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CA2751981C (en) 2014-07-22
US8979007B2 (en) 2015-03-17
DE102010045125A1 (en) 2012-03-15
ES2424093T3 (en) 2013-09-27
CN102527472A (en) 2012-07-04
EP2428274B1 (en) 2013-05-01
CN102527472B (en) 2014-09-03
US20120061498A1 (en) 2012-03-15
CA2751981A1 (en) 2012-03-12

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