EP3356048B1 - Rotor for a comminuting device - Google Patents
Rotor for a comminuting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3356048B1 EP3356048B1 EP16770965.8A EP16770965A EP3356048B1 EP 3356048 B1 EP3356048 B1 EP 3356048B1 EP 16770965 A EP16770965 A EP 16770965A EP 3356048 B1 EP3356048 B1 EP 3356048B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- flange
- disk
- recesses
- retaining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/02—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft
- B02C13/04—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters hinged to the rotor; Hammer mills
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
- B02C13/16—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters hinged to the rotor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
- B02C2013/2808—Shape or construction of beater elements the beater elements are attached to disks mounted on a shaft
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rotor for a device for comminuting feed material, comprising a drive shaft, a plurality of rotor disks seated on the drive shaft and comminution tools arranged in the region of the outer circumference of the rotor disks;
- the invention further relates to a device for comminuting feed material.
- Rotors are used in devices for comminuting feedstock for coarse or fine comminution or disagglomeration of the feedstock by impact, shear or impact forces.
- comminution tools such as knives, hammers or blow bars.
- the most radially supplied to the rotating rotor feed material is detected and crushed by the crushing tools of the rotor, often in conjunction with statically arranged in the housing of the device elements such as baffles (stator).
- Impact hammer mills for example, are used in the course of cement production for processing (comminution and simultaneous drying) of the raw meal.
- blow bars thereby pendulum ie pivotally arranged on axle rods hammers are provided as comminution tools in the frequent case, which align themselves with rotation under centrifugal force and impact or. Exert impact forces on particles of the feed material.
- Embodiments of impact hammer mills are described, for example, in the publications DE 24 16 499 C3 and DE 10 2006 033 300 A1 taught.
- Another embodiment of such Hammer mill with swinging on a rotor hammer elements is in the German patent application DE 198 48 866 A1 disclosed.
- the rotor discs are thereby loosely pushed onto the shaft and laterally secured, for example with stops against displacement, so that in particular the simplest, quickest possible assembly or disassembly of individual, worn discs is possible. Due to the given play in the connection of the disks to the shaft, however, there is a danger of the rotor disks from being thrown out of their intended equilibrium or operating position, especially in the case of the high torques typical for impact hammer mills and not only radially occurring forces upon impact with the feed particles damage to the discs can lead to shaft breakage. Also, a lateral hiking of the discs can not be ruled out.
- a rotor according to the preamble of claim 1 is disclosed in the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 2 145 868 A1 disclosed.
- the shaft is divided within the rotor.
- the projecting into the rotor interior ends of the two shaft parts is held by a sleeve axially movable in alignment with each other. It is an impact mill with only two rotor disks.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a rotor for a device for comminuting feed material, in which the risk of a rupture of the rotor disks and a lateral wander of the rotor disks is reduced.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a rotor for a device for comminuting feed material with the features of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims to claim 1 and a corresponding apparatus for comminuting feed material in claim 6.
- At least one retaining flange for connecting the rotor disk to the drive shaft is provided in the rotor for each rotor disk, wherein the at least one retaining flange is inseparably connected to the drive shaft and is detachably connected to the rotor disk.
- the retaining flanges are permanently connected by welding with the shaft.
- each rotor disk of the rotor is detachably connected to at least one retaining flange.
- This connection takes place the transmission of torque from the drive shaft to the rotor disk.
- the solubility of the compound in this case allows a rapid, separate replacement of individual rotor discs, which are exposed to heavy wear during operation, in particular due to the multiple impact of particles of the feed.
- each individual rotor disk is protected against lateral migration.
- the person skilled in the art will choose the strength of the connection according to the forces and torques occurring during typical operation of the rotor in the comminution device.
- the rotor disks are connected to the respective retaining flanges by screw connection.
- the compound according to the invention can be produced by the use of one or more connecting parts designed as discs, brackets, plates or the like elements laterally overlap the shaft-hub connection of the rotor disc and retaining flange and are bolted to the retaining flange and the rotor disc.
- retaining flanges and rotor disks are then joined together sufficiently firmly but releasably connected in an indirect manner.
- the inventive compound of each disc with at least one retaining flange, realized by screw, no loose-fitting rotor discs are present in the rotor.
- the retaining flanges are formed annularly around the shaft and each rotor disk is held by exactly one retaining flange.
- the rotor disk has a circular hub bore for the connection to the retaining flange.
- each rotor disk thereby has a radial inner side, that is to say an inner boundary surface lying toward the shaft-in the geometrically idealized case of a circular ring cylinder-the inner lateral surface. It is envisaged that in this shaft-hub system, the rotor disk rests with its radial inner side or surface on the radial outer side or surface of the associated retaining flange.
- shaft (retaining flange) and hub (rotor disk) can be a clearance clearance with little play in the case of crushing devices in which only small forces and torques occur during operation.
- backlash-free connections in the form of transition fits are to be preferred for the sake of avoiding rupture of the rotor disks. Only in exceptional cases of particularly great forces and moments will an over-fitting be realized; their press fit in particular the disadvantage of a complex assembly / disassembly of the rotor disks.
- connection element The actual non-positive connection between the rotor discs and the corresponding respective retaining flanges is made in this embodiment of the invention by a screw, are firmly bolted to the rotor disc and retaining flange each with one and the same connection element.
- This may in particular be a laterally arranged plate which covers both the rotor disk and the associated retaining flange in the area of the mating surfaces lying one on top of the other.
- a connecting plate in the form of a concentric with the rotor disk arranged annular disk on one side of the rotor disk, wherein the plate for reasons of ease of assembly consists of several separate parts, for example, consists of two Halbnikringusionn. It makes sense to use on the other side of disc or flange to further secure the screw analogous another multi-piece connection plate and tighten nuts.
- each retaining flange distributed over its outer circumference recesses (flange recesses), which are similar to tuning forks or gears radially outward and open to the side surfaces. Between each two adjacent recesses remain in the outer peripheral region of the retaining flange web-like parts of the retaining flange, referred to as flange webs.
- the rotor disk associated with the respective retaining flange has recesses (disk recesses) and disk webs distributed over its inner circumference.
- flange recesses and ribs correspond to the disc recesses and ribs, so that in the fully assembled rotor, ie in the operating state, the radial outer sides of the flange webs and the radial (inwardly toward the shaft) sides of the respective disk webs as centering surfaces with the already described fit to each other. Accordingly, the recesses of rotor disk and retaining flange adjoin one another and form common recesses.
- the rotor disks and retaining flanges are each of the same type, so that they coincide in shape and size, ie each congruent to each other.
- both the flange recesses are congruent to each other, as well as the disc recesses to each other.
- the flange recesses, and thus also the disk recesses and the flange and disk webs evenly distributed on the circumference of each retaining flange or each rotor disk. With regard to this distribution there is therefore rotational symmetry or radial symmetry.
- the recesses are offset from each other by an angle of 60 ° with respect to a rotation about the axis of rotation of the shaft.
- the flange recesses are only slightly larger in their (all dimensions) areal extent along the outer radial circumference are given as the along the outer periphery given (areal) expansion of a flange web.
- the longitudinal extent of the recesses of the flanges or discs by about 0.5% to a maximum of 10% greater than to choose the extension of the webs (based on the maximum dimension).
- the rotor according to the invention is suitable for all kinds of feedstock chopping machines whose crushing operation is based on the rotation of a rotor-milled rotor, often in cooperation with a stator provided correspondingly in or as the casing of the apparatus.
- a rotor in one of the embodiments according to the invention within the comminution unit of known per se, With the rotor principle working comminution devices, the invention also includes devices for comminuting feed material having a rotor according to the invention in one of the described embodiments.
- an advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the comminution tools are in the form of hammers.
- the hammers are pivotally arranged on axle rods which, usually parallel to the drive shaft, pierce the rotor disks.
- An important embodiment of the device for comminuting feed material which comprises a rotor according to the invention, provides that the comminution tools of the rotor are designed as hammers, blow bars or similar known impact tools and that the rotor is assigned an impact hammer mill stator.
- the rotor according to the invention is therefore part of an impact hammer mill, whose comminution unit comprises not only the rotor but also a stator which is typical for impact hammer mills.
- the stator has impact elements fixedly arranged in an additional impact space, such as e.g. Impingement strips, to which the particles of the charge of transport collected by the hammers of the rotor are hurled and thereby (pre-) shredded.
- FIG. 1 a rotor 1 according to the invention for a device for comminuting feed material, for example for an impact hammer mill used in cement production, is shown. Not shown are the shredding tools. However, axial holes 3 arranged in the outer region of the rotor disks 2, which are provided for axle rods, on which pivotable comminution tools, in particular hammers, are arranged in the region between the rotor disks 2, can be seen. Upon rotation of the rotor 1, the hammers pivot following the centrifugal force in a radially outward position in which they protrude beyond the outer edge of the disc and act on crushing particles of the feedstock.
- the rotor disks 2 are arranged on a drive shaft 4. Each rotor disk 2 is arranged on an annular retaining flange 5.
- FIG. 3 shows in a schematic representation of the retaining flanges 5 on the drive shaft 4.
- FIG. 2 is in a rotation axis of the drive shaft 4 containing longitudinal section through the rotor 1 from FIG. 1
- a connecting element 6 designed as a connecting plate is arranged on each side. Both rotor disk 2 and the associated retaining flange 5 are by means of screws 7 and nuts 8 on the connecting elements 6 bolted.
- a backlash-free connection is produced between the rotor disk 2 and the retaining flange 5, via which the forces and torques are transmitted and during operation of the rotor 1 no beating of the rotor disks 2 and no lateral migration of the rotor disks 2 along the drive shaft 4th can occur.
- the connecting elements 6 are given in the illustrated embodiment as circular ring disks, which are designed in two parts for easy assembly.
- FIG. 4 shows a connected via a retaining flange 5 with the drive shaft 4 rotor disk 2 in cross-sectional view.
- Arrangements according to the invention for problem-free mounting of the rotor disks 2 in this operating position are limited to those in the inner region FIGS. 5 and 6 represented with the respective enlargements of the areas X and Y.
- the retaining flange 5 has in this case along its outer circumference uniformly distributed flange recesses 9 and flange webs 10 between each two adjacent flange recesses 9.
- the rotor disk 2 also has correspondingly uniformly distributed disk recesses 11 and disk webs 12 along its inner circumference.
- the recesses 9, 11 are slightly larger in terms of their extent along the circumference than the webs 10, 12, so that in the position of rotor disk 2 and retaining flange 5 to each other, as in FIG. 5 is shown, a clearance is given.
- FIG. 5 shown position shows the relative to the rotation angle about the rotation axis of the shaft 4 rotated position of the rotor disk 2 to the retaining flange 5.
- flange recesses 9 and disk webs 12 and flange webs 10 and disk recesses 11 opposite. This allows a largely low-friction, blockade-free sliding of the rotor disks 2 via or on the retaining flanges 5 in the axial direction during assembly of the rotor disks 2.
- FIG. 5 shows FIG. 6 the position of rotor disks 2 and retaining flanges 5 in the fully assembled state, ie in the operating state.
- This is achieved by the rotor disk 2 from the mounting position ( FIG. 5 ) is rotated so far that the flange webs 10, the corresponding disc webs 12 and thus the flange recesses 9 are the corresponding disc recesses 11 opposite. In the illustrated embodiment with 6 recesses (and 6 webs) this corresponds to a rotation through an angle of 30 °.
- the top surfaces of the disk webs 12 and flange webs 10 lie on one another as mating surfaces or centering surfaces ( FIG.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rotor für eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut, aufweisend eine Antriebswelle, eine Mehrzahl von auf der Antriebswelle sitzenden Rotorscheiben und im Bereich des äußeren Umfangs der Rotorscheiben angeordnete Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge; die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut.The invention relates to a rotor for a device for comminuting feed material, comprising a drive shaft, a plurality of rotor disks seated on the drive shaft and comminution tools arranged in the region of the outer circumference of the rotor disks; The invention further relates to a device for comminuting feed material.
Rotoren werden in Vorrichtungen zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut für die Grob- oder Feinzerkleinerung oder Desagglomeration des Aufgabeguts durch Schlag-, Scher- oder Prallkräfte eingesetzt. Hierfür sind im äußeren Umfangsbereich der Rotorscheiben, die als Naben auf mindestens einer Antriebswelle angeordnet sind, an oder zwischen den Rotorscheiben Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge wie Messer, Hämmer oder Schlagleisten angeordnet. Das meist radial dem sich drehenden Rotor zugeführte Aufgabegut, beispielsweise Metallschrott, Textilien oder körniges Aufgabegut, wird von den Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen des Rotors, oftmals im Zusammenwirken mit im Gehäuse der Vorrichtung statisch angeordneten Elementen wie Prallblechen (Stator), erfasst und zerkleinert. So werden etwa Prallhammermühlen im Zuge der Zementproduktion zur Aufbereitung (Zerkleinerung und gleichzeitigen Trocknung) des Rohmehls eingesetzt. Neben Ausführungsformen mit Schlagleisten werden dabei im häufigen Falle pendelnd, d.h. schwenkbar an Achsstangen angeordnete Hämmer als Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge vorgesehen, die sich bei Drehung unter Fliehkraftwirkung ausrichten und Schlag-bzw. Prallkräfte auf Partikel des Aufgabeguts ausüben. Ausführungsformen von Prallhammermühlen werden beispielsweise in den Druckschriften
Die für die auf Rotorprinzip gestützten Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen relevante Drehmomentübertragung von der angetriebenen Welle auf die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge erfolgt über die Rotorscheiben. Eine besondere Bedeutung für einen effektiven und störungsfreien Betrieb des Rotors und mithin der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung kommt daher der Verbindung zwischen den Rotorscheiben und der Antriebswelle zu. Häufig wird diese Welle-Nabe-Verbindung durch eine Passfederverbindung, also eine Drehmomentübertragung mittels einer in eine Nut eingelegte Passfeder, realisiert, wie beispielsweise in der Druckschrift
Ähnliche Schwierigkeiten können bei dem in der Druckschrift
Ein Rotor gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 wird in der Deutschen Offenlegungsschrift
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, einen Rotor für eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dem die Gefahr eines Ausschlagens der Rotorscheiben sowie eines seitlichen Wanderns der Rotorscheiben verringert ist.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a rotor for a device for comminuting feed material, in which the risk of a rupture of the rotor disks and a lateral wander of the rotor disks is reduced.
Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird durch einen Rotor für eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen zu Anspruch 1 und eine korrespondierende Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut in Anspruch 6 angegeben.The object of the invention is achieved by a rotor for a device for comminuting feed material with the features of
Nach der Erfindung ist also vorgesehen, dass bei dem Rotor für jede Rotorscheibe mindestens ein Halteflansch zur Verbindung der Rotorscheibe mit der Antriebswelle vorgesehen ist, wobei der mindestens eine Halteflansch unlösbar mit der Antriebswelle verbunden ist und lösbar mit der Rotorscheibe verbunden ist. Von bekannten Formen der Verbindung zwischen Antriebswelle und Rotorscheiben, wie dem Verwenden von Passfedern, wird daher einerseits zugunsten der Verwendung von fest mit der Welle verbundenen Flanschen, als Verbindungsteile zwischen Welle und den von den Flanschen gehaltenen Naben, d.h. den Rotorscheiben, weggegangen. In besonders bevorzugter Ausführung der Erfindung sind die Halteflansche durch Schweißverbindung unlösbar mit der Welle verbunden. Erfindungsgemäß ist andererseits vorgesehen, dass jede Rotorscheibe des Rotors mit jeweils mindestens einem Halteflansch lösbar verbunden ist. Über diese Verbindung findet die Übertragung des Drehmomentes von der Antriebswelle auf die Rotorscheibe statt. Die Lösbarkeit der Verbindung erlaubt hierbei ein rasches, separates Auswechseln einzelner Rotorscheiben, die im Betrieb insbesondere aufgrund des vielfachen Aufpralls von Partikeln des Aufgabeguts einem starken Verschleiß ausgesetzt sind. Durch die Verbindung jeder einzelnen Rotorscheibe mit mindestens einem Halteflansch ist jede einzelne Rotorscheibe gegen ein seitliches Abwandern geschützt. Der Fachmann wird die Festigkeit der Verbindung entsprechend den auftretenden Kräften und Drehmomenten beim typischen Betrieb des Rotors in der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung wählen. Ein seitliches Abwandern der Rotorscheiben durch die Einwirkung nicht-radialer Kräfte, wie sie beispielsweise aufgrund der Flugbahnen des Aufgabeguts in Prallhammermühlen typisch sind, wird so wirksamer verhindert, als bei lose auf die Welle geschobenen Rotorscheiben mit seitlich vorgesehenen Anschlägen.According to the invention, it is thus provided that at least one retaining flange for connecting the rotor disk to the drive shaft is provided in the rotor for each rotor disk, wherein the at least one retaining flange is inseparably connected to the drive shaft and is detachably connected to the rotor disk. Of known forms of connection between drive shaft and rotor disks, such as the use of feather keys, therefore, on the one hand in favor of the use of fixedly connected to the shaft flanges, as connecting parts between the shaft and the flanges held by the hubs, ie the rotor discs, gone away. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the retaining flanges are permanently connected by welding with the shaft. According to the invention, on the other hand, it is provided that each rotor disk of the rotor is detachably connected to at least one retaining flange. About this connection takes place the transmission of torque from the drive shaft to the rotor disk. The solubility of the compound in this case allows a rapid, separate replacement of individual rotor discs, which are exposed to heavy wear during operation, in particular due to the multiple impact of particles of the feed. By connecting each individual rotor disk with at least one retaining flange, each individual rotor disk is protected against lateral migration. The person skilled in the art will choose the strength of the connection according to the forces and torques occurring during typical operation of the rotor in the comminution device. A lateral migration of the rotor disks by the action of non-radial forces, as they are typical for example due to the trajectories of the feed material in impact hammer mills, is prevented more effectively than with loosely pushed onto the shaft rotor disks with laterally provided stops.
In der Erfindung sind die Rotorscheiben mit den jeweiligen Halteflanschen durch Schraubverbindung verbunden. Die Verbindung gemäß der Erfindung ist durch die Verwendung eines oder mehrere Verbindungsteile herstellbar, die als Scheiben, Bügel, Platten oder dergleichen Elemente ausgestaltet seitlich die Welle-Nabe-Verbindung von Rotorscheibe und Halteflansch überlappen und jeweils mit dem Halteflansch sowie mit der Rotorscheibe verschraubt sind. Halteflansche und Rotorscheiben sind dann miteinander hinreichend fest, aber lösbar auf indirekte Weise verbunden. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Verbindung jeder einzelnen Scheibe mit mindestens einem Halteflansch, realisiert durch Schraubverbindung, sind im Rotor keine lose sitzenden Rotorscheiben vorhanden. Durch die feste, spielfreie Verbindung zwischen Rotorscheibe und als Teil der Welle wirkendem Halteflansch wird die Gefahr eines Auslenkens von Rotorscheiben aus ihrer vorgesehenen Gleichgewichtsposition, also ein Ausschlagen der Rotorscheiben, weitgehend verhindert. Aufgrund der typischerweise schlagenden Belastung des Rotors bei Prallhammermühlen ist dies gerade für diesen Typus von Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen von großem Vorteil.In the invention, the rotor disks are connected to the respective retaining flanges by screw connection. The compound according to the invention can be produced by the use of one or more connecting parts designed as discs, brackets, plates or the like elements laterally overlap the shaft-hub connection of the rotor disc and retaining flange and are bolted to the retaining flange and the rotor disc. retaining flanges and rotor disks are then joined together sufficiently firmly but releasably connected in an indirect manner. The inventive compound of each disc with at least one retaining flange, realized by screw, no loose-fitting rotor discs are present in the rotor. Due to the fixed, backlash-free connection between the rotor disk and the retaining flange acting as part of the shaft, the risk of deflecting rotor disks from their intended equilibrium position, that is to say knocking out the rotor disks, is largely prevented. Due to the typically impacting load of the rotor in impact hammer mills, this is of great advantage for this type of comminution device.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Halteflansche ringförmig um die Welle ausgebildet sind und jede Rotorscheibe von genau einem Halteflansch gehalten wird. Die Rotorscheibe weist dabei für die Verbindung zum Halteflansch eine kreisförmige Nabenbohrung auf. Von der Rotationsachse der Welle aus betrachtet weist jede Rotorscheibe dadurch eine radiale Innenseite, also eine zur Welle hin gelegene innere Begrenzungsfläche - im geometrisch idealisierten Fall eines Kreisringzylinders die innere Mantelfläche - auf. Es ist vorgesehen, dass in diesem Welle-Nabe-System die Rotorscheibe mit ihrer radialen Innenseite bzw. -fläche auf der radialen Außenseite bzw. -fläche des zugehörigen Halteflansches aufliegt. Für eine erhöhte Stabilität der Verbindung liegen diese Flächen als Passflächen und in der Wirkung mithin als Zentrierflächen (für die Positionierung der Scheibe) aufeinander. Die Passung zwischen Welle (Halteflansch) und Nabe (Rotorscheibe) kann im Falle von Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen, bei denen im Betrieb nur geringe Kräfte und Drehmomente auftreten, eine Spielpassung mit wenig Spiel sein. Im Normalfall, insbesondere bei Prallhammermühlen, sind aus Gründen des zu vermeidenden Ausschlagens der Rotorscheiben jedoch spielfreie Verbindungen in Form von Übergangspassungen zu bevorzugen. Nur in Ausnahmefällen besonders großer Kräfte und Momente wird eine Übermaßpassungen zu verwirklichen sein; deren Presssitz hat insbesondere den Nachteil einer aufwendigen Montage / Demontage der Rotorscheiben. Die eigentliche kraftschlüssige Verbindung zwischen den Rotorscheiben und den je korrespondierenden Halteflanschen wird in dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung durch eine Schraubverbindung hergestellt, bei der Rotorscheibe und Halteflansch jeweils mit ein und demselben Verbindungselement fest verschraubt sind. Hierbei kann es sich insbesondere um eine seitlich angeordnete Platte handeln, die im Bereich der aufeinanderliegenden Passflächen sowohl Rotorscheibe als auch den zugehörigen Halteflansch überdeckt. Geeignet ist beispielsweise eine Verbindungsplatte in Form einer konzentrisch mit der Rotorscheibe angeordneten Kreisringscheibe auf einer Seite der Rotorscheibe, wobei die Platte aus Gründen der einfacheren Montierbarkeit aus mehreren getrennten Teilen, beispielsweise aus zwei Halbkreisringscheiben, besteht. Es liegt nahe, auf der anderen Seite von Scheibe bzw. Flansch zum weiteren Sichern der Schraubverbindung analog eine weitere mehrteilige Verbindungsplatte zu verwenden und Muttern anzuziehen.According to the invention it is provided that the retaining flanges are formed annularly around the shaft and each rotor disk is held by exactly one retaining flange. The rotor disk has a circular hub bore for the connection to the retaining flange. As viewed from the axis of rotation of the shaft, each rotor disk thereby has a radial inner side, that is to say an inner boundary surface lying toward the shaft-in the geometrically idealized case of a circular ring cylinder-the inner lateral surface. It is envisaged that in this shaft-hub system, the rotor disk rests with its radial inner side or surface on the radial outer side or surface of the associated retaining flange. For increased stability of the connection, these surfaces lie as mating surfaces and in effect as a centering surfaces (for the positioning of the disc) to each other. The fit between shaft (retaining flange) and hub (rotor disk) can be a clearance clearance with little play in the case of crushing devices in which only small forces and torques occur during operation. In the normal case, especially in impact hammer mills, however, backlash-free connections in the form of transition fits are to be preferred for the sake of avoiding rupture of the rotor disks. Only in exceptional cases of particularly great forces and moments will an over-fitting be realized; their press fit in particular the disadvantage of a complex assembly / disassembly of the rotor disks. The actual non-positive connection between the rotor discs and the corresponding respective retaining flanges is made in this embodiment of the invention by a screw, are firmly bolted to the rotor disc and retaining flange each with one and the same connection element. This may in particular be a laterally arranged plate which covers both the rotor disk and the associated retaining flange in the area of the mating surfaces lying one on top of the other. Suitable, for example, a connecting plate in the form of a concentric with the rotor disk arranged annular disk on one side of the rotor disk, wherein the plate for reasons of ease of assembly consists of several separate parts, for example, consists of two Halbkreisringscheiben. It makes sense to use on the other side of disc or flange to further secure the screw analogous another multi-piece connection plate and tighten nuts.
In einer weitergehenden Ausgestaltung der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden Vorkehrungen getroffen, die eine verhältnismäßig einfache und rasche Montage der Rotorscheiben ermöglichen. Bei der Montage werden die Rotorscheiben in axialer Richtung, d.h. längs der Welle, über die Antriebswelle mit den Halteflanschen geschoben. Hierfür weist jeder Halteflansch über seinen äußeren Umfang verteilte Aussparungen (Flansch-Aussparungen) auf, die ähnlich wie bei Stimmgabeln oder Zahnrädern radial nach außen und zu den Seitenflächen hin offen sind. Zwischen je zwei benachbarten Aussparungen verbleiben im äußeren Umfangsbereich des Halteflansches stegartige Teile des Halteflansches, bezeichnet als Flansch-Stege. In analoger Weise weist die dem jeweiligen Halteflansch zugeordnete Rotorscheibe über ihren inneren Umfang verteilte Aussparungen (Scheiben-Aussparungen) und Scheiben-Stege auf. Dabei korrespondieren Flansch-Aussparungen und -Stege mit den Scheiben-Aussparungen und -Stegen, so dass im fertig montierten Rotor, also im Betriebszustand, die radialen Außenseiten der Flansch-Stege und die radialen (nach innen zur Welle hin gelegenen) Seiten der entsprechenden Scheiben-Stege als Zentrierflächen mit der bereits beschriebenen Passung aufeinander liegen. Dementsprechend grenzen dabei auch die Aussparungen von Rotorscheibe und Halteflansch aneinander und bilden gemeinsame Aussparungen. Für eine vereinfachte Montage der Rotorscheibe auf den zugehörigen Halteflansch sind die entlang des Umfanges gegebenen Ausdehnungen der Flansch-Aussparungen so bemessen, dass in mindestens einer gegenüber dem montierten Zustand gedrehten Position der Rotorscheibe zum Halteflansch jeder Flansch-Aussparung ein Scheiben-Steg mit geringerer entlang des Umfangs gegebener Ausdehnung gegenüber liegt. Es folgt, dass auch die korrespondierenden Scheiben-Aussparungen so bemessen sind, dass jeder Scheiben-Aussparung ein Flansch-Steg mit geringerer entlang des Umfanges gegebener Ausdehnung gegenüber liegt. Zum Montieren wird also die Rotorscheibe gegenüber dem Halteflansch so verdreht, dass ohne reibungsbedingtes Blockieren beim axialen Schieben die Aussparungen der Scheibe oberhalb der Stege des Flansches und die Aussparungen des Flansches unterhalb der Stege der Scheibe geführt werden können. Nach diesem Aufschieben wird dann die Rotorscheibe zu dem Halteflansch in die Endposition gedreht, bei der die Außenflächen der korrespondierenden Stege mit Passung als Zentrierflächen aufeinander liegen. Vorteilhaft für die Schraubverbindung wird hier nur eine geringe Tiefe der Aussparung benötigt.In a further embodiment of the embodiment of the invention described above, provisions are made which allow a relatively simple and rapid assembly of the rotor disks. During assembly, the rotor disks are pushed in the axial direction, ie along the shaft, over the drive shaft with the retaining flanges. For this purpose, each retaining flange distributed over its outer circumference recesses (flange recesses), which are similar to tuning forks or gears radially outward and open to the side surfaces. Between each two adjacent recesses remain in the outer peripheral region of the retaining flange web-like parts of the retaining flange, referred to as flange webs. In an analogous manner, the rotor disk associated with the respective retaining flange has recesses (disk recesses) and disk webs distributed over its inner circumference. In this case, flange recesses and ribs correspond to the disc recesses and ribs, so that in the fully assembled rotor, ie in the operating state, the radial outer sides of the flange webs and the radial (inwardly toward the shaft) sides of the respective disk webs as centering surfaces with the already described fit to each other. Accordingly, the recesses of rotor disk and retaining flange adjoin one another and form common recesses. For a simplified mounting of the rotor disk on the associated retaining flange given along the circumference expansions of the flange recesses are dimensioned such that in at least one rotated relative to the mounted state position of the rotor disk to the retaining flange of each flange recess a disk web with lesser along the Circumference of given extent opposite. It follows that also the corresponding disc recesses are dimensioned such that each disc recess faces a flange web of lesser extent along the circumference. To mount so the rotor disk relative to the support flange is rotated so that without friction-induced blocking during axial sliding the recesses of the disc above the webs of the flange and the recesses of the flange can be performed below the webs of the disc. After this sliding the rotor disk is then rotated to the retaining flange in the end position, in which the outer surfaces of the corresponding webs with fit as centering surfaces lie on each other. Advantageous for the screw connection only a small depth of the recess is needed here.
Im typischen Falle sind die Rotorscheiben und Halteflansche jeweils von der gleichen Bauart, so dass sie in Form und Größe übereinstimmen, d.h. jeweils deckungsgleich bzw. kongruent zueinander sind. In vorteilhafter spezieller Ausführung der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind sowohl die Flansch-Aussparungen zueinander kongruent, als auch die Scheiben-Aussparungen zueinander. Ferner sind zur Begünstigung einer gleichmäßigen Materialbelastung der Halteflansche und der Rotorscheiben die Flansch-Aussparungen, mithin auch die Scheiben-Aussparungen sowie die Flansch- und Scheiben-Stege, gleichmäßig am Umfang eines jeden Halteflansches bzw. einer jeden Rotorscheibe verteilt. Bezüglich dieser Verteilung besteht mithin Drehsymmetrie bzw. Radiärsymmetrie. Beispielsweise sind die Aussparungen zueinander versetzt angeordnet um einen Winkel von 60° hinsichtlich einer Drehung um die Rotationsachse der Welle. Für die durch Spiel gegebene Vereinfachung des Montageschrittes des Hinüberschiebens einer Rotorscheibe über die Halteflansche längs der Antriebswelle ist es ausreichend und für die durch möglichst große Zentrierflächen gegebene Stabilität der Verbindung vorteilhaft, wenn die Flansch-Aussparungen nur wenig größer in (allen Dimensionen) ihrer flächenhaften Ausdehnung entlang des äußeren radialen Umfanges sind als die entlang des äußeren Umfanges gegebene (flächenhafte) Ausdehnung eines Flansch-Stegs. Entsprechendes gilt mithin für Aussparungen und Stege der Rotorscheiben und das entsprechende Verhältnis der korrespondierenden Abschnitte von Scheiben und Flanschen zueinander. Bevorzugt ist daher die Längsausdehnung der Aussparungen der Flansche bzw. Scheiben (bezogen auf die minimalen Abmessung) um ca. 0,5 % bis maximal 10% größer zu wählen als die Ausdehnung der Stege (bezogen auf deren maximale Abmessung).Typically, the rotor disks and retaining flanges are each of the same type, so that they coincide in shape and size, ie each congruent to each other. In an advantageous specific embodiment of the above-described embodiment of the invention, both the flange recesses are congruent to each other, as well as the disc recesses to each other. Furthermore, in order to promote uniform material loading of the retaining flanges and the rotor disks, the flange recesses, and thus also the disk recesses and the flange and disk webs, evenly distributed on the circumference of each retaining flange or each rotor disk. With regard to this distribution there is therefore rotational symmetry or radial symmetry. For example, the recesses are offset from each other by an angle of 60 ° with respect to a rotation about the axis of rotation of the shaft. For the simplification of the assembly step of pushing a rotor disk over the retaining flanges along the drive shaft, it is sufficient and advantageous for the stability of the connection given by the largest possible centering surfaces if the flange recesses are only slightly larger in their (all dimensions) areal extent along the outer radial circumference are given as the along the outer periphery given (areal) expansion of a flange web. The same applies accordingly for recesses and webs of the rotor disks and the corresponding ratio of the corresponding sections of disks and flanges to each other. Preferably, therefore, the longitudinal extent of the recesses of the flanges or discs (based on the minimum dimension) by about 0.5% to a maximum of 10% greater than to choose the extension of the webs (based on the maximum dimension).
Auch eine solche Abmessung von Stegen und Aussparungen ist möglich, dass in einer alternativen Anordnung die Stege in die Aussparungen nach Art einer Steckverbindung geschoben werden. Durch ein solches Ineinandergreifen wird zwar eine zusätzlich auch formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen Scheiben und Flanschen hergestellt, jedoch wird das Herstellen der Schraubverbindung erschwert.Also, such a dimension of webs and recesses is possible that in an alternative arrangement, the webs are pushed into the recesses in the manner of a connector. Although an interlocking connection between disks and flanges is additionally produced by such engagement, it is difficult to produce the screw connection.
Der erfindungsgemäße Rotor ist für alle Arten von Vorrichtungen zur Zerkleinerung von Aufgabegut geeignet, deren Zerkleinerungsvorgang auf der Drehung eines mit Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen besetzten Rotors, oftmals in Zusammenwirkung mit einem entsprechend im oder als Gehäuse der Vorrichtung vorgesehenen Stator, beruht. Durch Verwendung eines Rotors in einer der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsformen innerhalb der Zerkleinerungseinheit von an sich bekannten, mit dem Rotorprinzip arbeitenden Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen umfasst die Erfindung auch Vorrichtungen zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut, die einen erfindungsgemäßen Rotor in einer der beschriebenen Ausführungsformen aufweist.The rotor according to the invention is suitable for all kinds of feedstock chopping machines whose crushing operation is based on the rotation of a rotor-milled rotor, often in cooperation with a stator provided correspondingly in or as the casing of the apparatus. By using a rotor in one of the embodiments according to the invention within the comminution unit of known per se, With the rotor principle working comminution devices, the invention also includes devices for comminuting feed material having a rotor according to the invention in one of the described embodiments.
Da der erfindungsgemäße Rotor aufgrund der spielfreien Verbindung der Rotorscheiben mit der Antriebswelle insbesondere für die Verwendung in Prallhammermühlen vorteilhaft ist, sieht eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, dass die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge in Form von Hämmern vorliegen. Wie von gattungsgemäßen Hammermühlen und Prallhammermühlen bekannt, sind die Hämmer dabei schwenkbar an Achsstangen angeordnet, die, für gewöhnlich parallel zur Antriebswelle, die Rotorscheiben durchstoßen.Since the rotor according to the invention is advantageous due to the backlash-free connection of the rotor disks to the drive shaft, in particular for use in impact hammer mills, an advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the comminution tools are in the form of hammers. As known from generic hammer mills and impact hammer mills, the hammers are pivotally arranged on axle rods which, usually parallel to the drive shaft, pierce the rotor disks.
Eine wichtige Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut, die einen erfindungsgemäßen Rotor umfasst, sieht vor, dass die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge des Rotors als Hämmer, Schlagleisten oder ähnliche bekannte Schlagwerkzeuge ausgeführt sind und dass dem Rotor ein Prallhammermühlen-Stator zugeordnet ist. Der erfindungsgemäße Rotor ist mithin Teil einer Prallhammermühle, deren Zerkleinerungseinheit neben dem Rotor auch einen für Prallhammermühlen typischen Stator umfasst. Beispielsweise weist der Stator in einem zusätzlichen Prallraum fest angeordnete Prallelemente wie z.B. Prallleisten auf, an welche die durch die Hämmer des Rotors erfassten Aufgabegutpartikel geschleudert und dadurch (vor-)zerkleinert werden.An important embodiment of the device for comminuting feed material, which comprises a rotor according to the invention, provides that the comminution tools of the rotor are designed as hammers, blow bars or similar known impact tools and that the rotor is assigned an impact hammer mill stator. The rotor according to the invention is therefore part of an impact hammer mill, whose comminution unit comprises not only the rotor but also a stator which is typical for impact hammer mills. By way of example, the stator has impact elements fixedly arranged in an additional impact space, such as e.g. Impingement strips, to which the particles of the charge of transport collected by the hammers of the rotor are hurled and thereby (pre-) shredded.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der folgenden Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- einen erfindungsgemäßen Rotor für eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut,
- Fig. 2
- eine Darstellung des Rotors im Längsschnitt mit verschraubten Rotorscheiben,
- Fig. 3
- eine Antriebswelle mit verschweißten Halteflanschen ohne Rotorscheiben,
- Fig. 4
- einen Querschnitt durch eine Rotorscheibe auf einem Halteflansch,
- Fig. 5
- einen Querschnitt durch eine Rotorscheibe in Montageposition zum Halteflansch, und
- Fig. 6
- einen Querschnitt durch eine Rotorscheibe in montierter Position zum Halteflansch.
- Fig. 1
- a rotor according to the invention for a device for comminuting feedstock,
- Fig. 2
- a representation of the rotor in longitudinal section with bolted rotor disks,
- Fig. 3
- a drive shaft with welded retaining flanges without rotor discs,
- Fig. 4
- a cross section through a rotor disk on a retaining flange,
- Fig. 5
- a cross section through a rotor disk in mounting position to the retaining flange, and
- Fig. 6
- a cross section through a rotor disk in mounted position to the retaining flange.
In
In
Die in
Im Unterschied zur Montage-Position aus
Claims (7)
- Rotor (1) for a device for disintegrating feedstock, comprising- a drive shaft (4),- a plurality of rotor disks (2) which sit on the drive shaft (4) and- disintegration tools which are arranged in the region of the outer circumference of the rotor disks (2), wherein
at least one retaining flange (5) is provided for each rotor disk (2) for connecting the rotor disk (2) to the drive shaft (4), wherein the at least one retaining flange (5) is connected non-detachably to the drive shaft (4) and is connected detachably to the rotor disk (2), wherein- precisely one retaining flange (5) is provided for each rotor disk (2), wherein the retaining flange (5) is realized in a circular manner about the drive shaft (4), characterized in that- each rotor disk (2) rests with fit by way of its radial inner side, which is provided by a hub bore, on the radial outer side of the corresponding retaining flange (5), and in that- each rotor disk (2) and the corresponding retaining flange (5) are connected together in a non-positive manner to at least one connecting element (6) by means of the respective screw connection. - Rotor (1) according to Claim 1,
characterized in that
the retaining flanges (5) are connected to the drive shaft (4) by means of weld connection. - Rotor (1) according to Claims 1 and 2,
characterized in that- each retaining flange (5) comprises open recesses (9) which are distributed over the outer circumference, wherein every two adjacent flange recesses (9) leave between them a flange web (10),- the rotor disk (2), which is assigned to the respective retaining flange (5), comprises open disk recesses (11) and disk webs (12), which are distributed over its inner circumference and correspond to the flange recesses (9) and flange webs (10), wherein with the rotor (1) in the assembled state, the radial sides of the flange webs (10) and of the corresponding disk webs (12) rest one on top of another as centering surfaces with fit, and in that- for simplifying an assembly step, which consists in pushing the rotor disk (2) in an axial manner onto the assigned retaining flange (5), the extents of the flange recesses (9) provided along the circumference are dimensioned such that in at least one position of the rotor disk (2), rotated in relation to the assembled state, with respect to the retaining flange (5), each flange recess (9) has situated opposite thereto a disk web (12) with a smaller extent provided along the circumference. - Rotor (1) according to Claim 3,
characterized in that- the rotor disks (2) are congruent to one another,- the retaining flanges (5) are congruent to one another,- the flange recesses (9) are distributed uniformly on the circumference of every retaining flange (5) and are congruent to one another,- the disk recesses (11) are congruent to one another, and in that- the extent of a flange recess (9) provided along the outer circumference is greater, in a preferred manner is greater to a small extent (by approximately between 0.5 % and approximately 10 %), than the extent of a flange web (10) provided along the outer circumference. - Rotor (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that
hammers are provided as disintegration tools, wherein the hammers are arranged so as to be pivotable on axial rods which penetrate the rotor disks (2). - Device for disintegrating feedstock,
characterized in that
the device for disintegration comprises a rotor (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5. - Device for disintegration according to Claim 6,
characterized in that- the disintegration tools of the rotor (1) are realized as hammers, and- the rotor (1) has assigned thereto an impact hammer mill stator.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102015012588.5A DE102015012588B4 (en) | 2015-09-29 | 2015-09-29 | Rotor for a shredding device |
PCT/EP2016/073140 WO2017055365A1 (en) | 2015-09-29 | 2016-09-28 | Rotor for a disintegration device |
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EP3356048A1 EP3356048A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
EP3356048B1 true EP3356048B1 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
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EP (1) | EP3356048B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108025311B (en) |
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RU2718191C1 (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-03-31 | Владимир Петрович Папулов | Coupling clutch control mechanism |
CN112916131A (en) * | 2019-12-07 | 2021-06-08 | 况永刚 | Upgrading pulverizer |
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GB159925A (en) * | 1919-11-07 | 1921-03-07 | Frederick Seymour | Improved process and apparatus for pulverizing or fine grinding |
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US3724767A (en) * | 1971-10-07 | 1973-04-03 | Piqua Eng Inc | Shredder-grinder machine having an improved rotor |
DE2416499C3 (en) | 1974-04-04 | 1980-06-26 | Emil Dipl.-Ing. 5232 Bettgenhausen Polus | Impact hammer mill |
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SU1772321A1 (en) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-10-30 | Kemer T I Pishchevoj Promy | Rotor for crushing hammer |
US5154363A (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1992-10-13 | Eddy William A | Reciprocating action miller |
CN2299657Y (en) * | 1997-06-16 | 1998-12-09 | 张进明 | Millstone seat combined force-crushing cylinder disintegrator |
DE19848866A1 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-04-27 | Krupp Foerdertechnik Gmbh | Hammer breaker to break up types of stone has five striker hammers installed on each impact disc, and difference between diameter of rotor and diameter of impact discs, and with it the hammer projection, is selected as large as possible |
DE10219482B4 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2004-05-27 | Netzsch-Feinmahltechnik Gmbh | agitating mill |
US7874760B2 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2011-01-25 | Ernst Grob Ag | Tooth profile of a spline shaft |
DE102006033300B4 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2017-08-31 | Ejk Engineering Gmbh | Impact hammer mill |
DE102008013232A1 (en) | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-17 | Pallmann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co Kg | Apparatus for comminuting feed with a rotor |
DK2471600T3 (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2013-07-29 | Hazemag & Epr Gmbh | Rotor for a hammer crusher |
EP2922635A4 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2016-09-14 | Heritage Hd Llc | Vertical shaft impactor |
-
2015
- 2015-09-29 DE DE102015012588.5A patent/DE102015012588B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-09-28 US US15/763,640 patent/US10786815B2/en active Active
- 2016-09-28 WO PCT/EP2016/073140 patent/WO2017055365A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-09-28 CN CN201680056386.5A patent/CN108025311B/en active Active
- 2016-09-28 EP EP16770965.8A patent/EP3356048B1/en active Active
- 2016-09-28 RU RU2018109472A patent/RU2705267C1/en active
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US10786815B2 (en) | 2020-09-29 |
DE102015012588B4 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
WO2017055365A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
EP3356048A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
US20180280985A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
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