EP2413750A2 - Self-bearing furniture module and method of manufacture - Google Patents
Self-bearing furniture module and method of manufactureInfo
- Publication number
- EP2413750A2 EP2413750A2 EP10711754A EP10711754A EP2413750A2 EP 2413750 A2 EP2413750 A2 EP 2413750A2 EP 10711754 A EP10711754 A EP 10711754A EP 10711754 A EP10711754 A EP 10711754A EP 2413750 A2 EP2413750 A2 EP 2413750A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- engaging
- furniture module
- components
- bearing
- furniture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005334 plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Natural products CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 51
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002009 allergenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
- A47B47/00—Cabinets, racks or shelf units, characterised by features related to dismountability or building-up from elements
- A47B47/0091—Modular arrangements of similar assemblies of elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
- A47B97/00—Furniture or accessories for furniture, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
Definitions
- the present invention refers to self-bearing furniture modules and elements made of metal, in particular made of a die-cast- aluminium alloy, both rough and finished with the application of various surface preparation techniques or made noble, with a treatment variation, decorative and protecting deposit.
- This patent deals with the formulation of coloured coatings based on titanium (or similar elements, Nb, Zr, etc.) and its related oxides.
- Such coatings can be obtained through deposition of a titanium film with PVD technique, and following anodisation to obtain increasing oxide thickness, or through direct PVD deposition of titanium oxide with increasing thickness and the following generation -of interference colours.
- This patent deals with the creation of a decorative coating with magnetron sputtering technique. Due to this technique, a protecting transparent coating is deposited, whose thickness determines the final colour of the deposited surface.
- object of the present invention is solving the above prior art problems by providing a furniture element, composed of metal modules, preferably made of an aluminium alloy, in particular obtained through die-casting, and finished with the application of various techniques for preparing the surface, and as variation subjected to a treatment with a double-layer deposit, whose function is both decorative, and protective.
- the single modules can have variable shapes (ex. curvilinear or square) , but all have the peculiarity of containing a zone shaped in such a way as to be able to create, without the need of fastening with small blocks, an efficient engagement with nearby modules, making the deriving structure (global furniture element) self- bearing. -
- connection between one piece and another is generated through a simple mechanical engagement, due to the strict geometric tolerances, and consequently the minimum play guaranteed between the pieces.
- the global self-bearing structure thereby generated is adapted to be used, for example, as wall coating with bas-relief, as dividing wall, equipped with filled parts and empty parts, or as decorative element per se.
- the characteristic of these elements is further linked to the fact that they are capable of being easily installed and and already surface treated, and do not need therefore further finishing operations.
- the modules described here have more complex shapes than the simple rectangular or square tiles: they can have curved shapes, with alternate filled and empty areas, and also have relieved or recessed regions, in order to create bas-relief structures
- Such modules once mutually engaged, generate a furniture element with design and lightness properties conferred both by the empty spaces present in the structure, and by the composing material, aluminium.
- the product creates a new behavioural assumption in the end user, since it does not need specialisations or specialists for its laying, does not need other binding materials or a supporting structure.
- the technique for producing the single modules, die casting allows manufacturing quickly and in big amounts, components with complex shapes and small and medium sizes.
- the die-casting technique has been used above all for producing components, namely subparts of more complex systems, especially in the mechanical sector.
- die-casting is used for producing a complete finished product, and not a single component, aimed for the building/architecture sector.
- due to the die-casting technology it is possible to guarantee high flexibility on geometries that can be made (ex. the introduction of simple inserts in the die allows modifying its configuration) and high productivities, with consequent reduction of costs.
- FIG. 1 shows a top view of an embodiment of a furniture element according to the present invention
- - Figure 2 shows a side sectional view of the furniture element of Figure 1 performed along section line A-A;
- Figure 2 ⁇ shows a perspective view of the furniture element of Figure 1: - Figure 3 shows a top view ot two mutually coupled furniture elements of Figure 1;
- Figure 4 shows a side sectional view of the furniture elements of Figure 2 performed along section line C-C; and - Figure 5 shows a top ⁇ view of a further embodiment of a furniture element according to the present invention.
- the furniture module or element 1 of the present invention is self-bearing, is made of a die-cast aluminium alloy, and substantially comprises: an elongated supporting structure 3 comprising two ends 5, 7 and equipped with at least one first engaging element 9, 11 placed at one of the ends 5 , 7 ; at least one bearing component 12, 14 connected to the supporting structure 3 adjacent to the first engaging element 9, 11; and at least one engaging component 16, 18 connected to the supporting structure 3, said engaging component 16, 18 being equipped with at least one second engaging element 20, 22 and being adapted to engage a respective bearing component 12, 14 of another furniture module or element through operative coupling of the corresponding first and second engaging elements 9, 11 and 20, 22.
- the bearing components 12, 14 are two, each one shaped as a regular geometric figure (for example a circle, a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, etc.), with a maximum overall size (for example, a diameter for a circle, a base for a square, a longer side for a rectangle or a rhombus, etc.) of a same order of magnitude of the length of the supporting structure 3, and the engaging components 16, 18 are also two, each one shaped as the same regular geometric figure of the bearing components 12, 14 with a maximum overall size of a same order of magnitude of the length of the supporting structure 3, the overall size of the engaging components 16, 18 being greater than the overall size of the bearing components 12, 14, in order to be able to place an engaging component 16, 18 of a first furniture module or element 1 around and in engaging contact with the corresponding bearing component 12, 14 of a second furniture module or element 1, when the first and the second modules 1 are mutually joined.
- a regular geometric figure for example a circle, a square, a rectangle, a rhom
- the bearing components 12, 14 are two, of a circular shape
- the engaging components 16, 18 are also two, of a circulat shape and with greater diameter than the diameter of the bearing components 12, 14, in order to be able to place an engaging component 16, 18 of a first furniture module or element 1 around the corresponding bearing component 12, 14 of a second furniture module or element 1, when the first and the second modules 1 are mutually joined.
- Coupling between modules 1 is obtained, in the case shown in Figures 1 to 4, by inserting, through an offset inclination, a bearing component 12, 14 inside the shape (circle, for example) of an engaging component 16, 18, and coupling the two components so that their respective "arrow-shaped" projections 32, 36 of their respective bearing components 12, 14 are placed in the corresponding housing seat 30, 34 of the engaging components 16, 18.
- projections 32, 36, holes 38, 40 are possibly provided (as shown in Figure 3) , that are used for inserting therein fastening elements (nails, screws, small blocks, etc.), for example on a wall, of a set of several furniture modules or elements 1, in order to use the bearing wall as support for the final composite furniture element.
- Figure 5 shows a second preferred, and also non-limiting, embodiment, in which the furniture modules or elements 1 are wholly made with a circular shape (including the supporting structure 3) , with the coupling between dark module 1 and white module 1 performed as shown.
- the furniture module or element 1 shown provides that the bearing components 12, 14 are two, of a circular shape, and are arranged with their diameter axes mutually perpendicular, and the engaging components 16, 18 are also two, of a circular shape, with a greater diameter than the diameter of the bearing components 12, 14, with their diameter axes mutually perpendicular and respectively coinciding with the diameter axes of the bearing components 12, 14, in order to be able to place an engaging component 16, 18 of a first furniture module or element 1 around the corresponding bearing component 12, 14 of a second furniture module or element 1, when the first and the second modules 1 are mutually joined.
- the furniture element 1 in its final use shape can be both rough, and surface-finished.
- Finishing of the surface can be obtained through a decorative coating, that is obtained by depositing, on the metallic alloy, suitably prepared through deposition techniques from vapour phase, two coating layers that will be described in detail below.
- the die-cast aluminium alloy, used as substrate can be prepared with various techniques, such as sanding, hand-made or machine-made polishing, brushing, tumbling or buffing.
- blowing with compressed air operation suitable to remove the presence of contaminants as powder deposited on the surface
- deposition in a non-limiting way, by depositing on the furniture module or element 1 at least one first layer and at least one second- layer.
- Both layers are composed of a mixture of two constituents with correspondingly and proportionally varying relative molar fractions: 1) a metallic material, for example iron, or another metal such as Ni or Ti (herein below for briefness, also called “Metal”), and 2) a silicon oxide- or silica-based material, or an oxide of another element of the Group IVA of the Periodic Table of Elements (herein below for briefness also called “Oxide”).
- Fe, Ni or Ti can be introduced in the layer both in a metallic and in a ionic form. Such constituents are co -deposited, in the same process tage, using various techniques described below.
- The- relative fractions of the two components can change, in order to change the refraction index, with values that, in the first layer, range from 0 to 1 for the metal and correspondingly and proportionally from 1 to 0 for the oxide, while in the second layer, range from 0 to 0.9 for the metal and correspondingly and proportionally from 1 a 0.1 for the oxide.
- the internal layer in direct contact with the substrate
- the most external layer has prevailing oxide.
- the coating deriving from this double layer is, therefore, composed of a substantially reflecting internal layer, since it is very rich of metallic elements, and of a transparent layer, very rich in the oxide phase.
- the reflecting layer produces the reflection of incident light, the transparent layer, when the thickness change, generates different colours of an interference nature.
- the metal is added to the oxide in the two layers with a double function: modulating the oxide refraction index (in particular, the refraction index grows upon increasing the contents of the metallic element) and introducing a colouring component by absorption, characteristic of such element. For such reason, the produced coating has a colouring due to the combination of both interference and absorption effects.
- modulating the oxide refraction index in particular, the refraction index grows upon increasing the contents of the metallic element
- the thickness of the first internal layer can range from a few hundreds of nanometers till a micrometer and, once having fixed its chemical composition, the thickness of the same layer does not introduce variations on the colouring.
- the thickness of the external layer instead determines the colour due to the interference component introduced with the transparent layer.
- the colours produced by the deposit architecture described here have both an interference and an absorption nature. Due to the interference nature, when the thickness of the external transparent layer changes, colours are generated that repeat themselves in successive series due to a construction effect and change their tonality when the light wavelength, the light incidence angle and the angle with which they are observed, all change. Due to the absorption nature, introduced by the addition of metal in the oxide layer, it is instead further possible to modulate the colour brightness. For such reason, for low molar fractions of metals embedded in the external layer, light colouring are obtained, of the pastel type, while for high molar fractions of metals embedded into the external layer, darker and darker colourings are obtained.
- the total thickness of the coating architecture (double layer) must anyway be limited to 1 micrometer. In fact, for greater thickness values, an excessive brightness lowering is obtained, consequently obtaining too dark colours.
- the first layer with prevailing metallic fraction, can be obtained by deposition with Physical Vapour Deposition, PVD techniques (such as, for example, Sputtering, E-Beam, Cathode Arc, Thermal Evaporation, Ion Beam, etc.).
- the second layer with prevailing oxide fraction, can be obtained through PVD deposition techniques, or through Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) techniques or other CVD technique.
- PECVD Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition
- the deposition of a layer mainly based on silicon oxide for PECVD can also allow obtaining, in the same process stage, a surface functionalisation, for example making hydrophilic, hydrophobic or anti-finger the thereby generated surface of the coating.
- the coloured coating obtained here is not produced with anodisation treatments (such techniques have environmental impact problems, in particular as regards disposing liquid flows) , but through deposition techniques from vapour phase, that are characterised by a null or very low environmental impact and by an efficient use of rough materials and energy.
- the product coatings further allow increasing the surface hardness of the parts made of die-cast alloys and, consequently, the wear resistance.
- the vapour phase deposition processes are deemed as having a very low environmental impact, since they do not require the use of solvents, imply the use of small amounts of material for making the coatings and the thereby obtained product is characterised by a high thermal mechanical and chemical .stability.
- the coating can be removed through simple sanding, at the end of life of the part, thereby making, after this treatment, the coated part made of a die-cast aluminium alloy capable of being recycled according to usual procedures developed for such alloys.
- the coating should it be removed from the component, would not have environmental impact problems, apart from the possible intrinsic obnoxiousness or allergenic feature of the metallic element selected for the reflecting layer (ex. Ni) .
- the addition of allergenic metals can be limited to the single reflecting layer, inside the coating architecture, or extended, ⁇ but in minimum amounts, to the transparent layer. Both layers are anyway extremely thin, on the order of nanometers, and, therefore, the possible presence of such metals is very limited.
- the inventive process allows obtaining the following innovative technical features: 1. Deposits at least with a double layer, with interference colouring effect (cheaper and harder than those based on the Ti+TiO2 system, which is known and object of previous patents) and a protecting effect, obtained through vapour phase deposition techniques that can be applied to substrates made of different materials, in order to make both their decorative effect and their hardness under wear conditions, nobler.
- Such deposit is composed of a reflecting metallic layer (Fe, Ni, Cr, Ti, etc.) and of a transparent oxide layer with a controlled thickness, based on a silicon oxide or other element of the Group IVA of the Periodic Table or a mixture of such oxides with oxides of transition metals (ex. Iron) or with metals belonging to the Lantanide group.
- the reflecting metallic layer produces the reflection of incident light; the transparent oxide layer, when thickness changes, generates different colours.
- the first metallic layer is obtained through deposition with Physical Vapour Deposition, PVD techniques (such as for example Sputtering, E-Beam, Cathode Arc, Thermal Evaporation, Ion Beam, etc. )
- PVD techniques such as for example Sputtering, E-Beam, Cathode Arc, Thermal Evaporation, Ion Beam, etc.
- the second layer can be obtained through PVD deposition techniques or through Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) techniques or another CVD technique.
- PECVD Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition
- the deposition of a layer based on silicon oxide through PECVD can also allow obtaining, in the same process stage, a surface functionalisation, for example making hydrophilic, hydrophobic or anti- finger- the surface of the thereby-generated interference coating. Should the same effect be obtained -on the Ti/TiO2 system, it would be necessary to provide a further treatment and a further layer, increasing the manufacturing costs.
- the main technical problems that have been solved when developing such coatings are those related to the definition of various colours and to obtaining a deposition uniformity also on complex shapes (ex. curvilinear and with numerous edges) . In this case, the coating uniformity in terms of thickness is fundamental, since it also guarantees the colour uniformity.
- the modules 1 joined with a simple engagement and without needing to fasten them with small blocks generate an already finished and ready-to-use .furniture element, that can be abutted onto an internal or external wall or can create a dividing wall, and since it is self- bearing, it requires only a few anchoring points and does not absolutely need to use supporting structures.
- the same user in a simple way and with a frequency at will, can modify the design of the furniture element by simply mutually exchanging some modules or alternating modules obtained with various surface treatments and/or, as treatment variation, interference treatments with different thickness and therefore capable of generating a global polychromatic furniture element (joining different modules) according to different possible geometries.
- a further advantage of the present invention when using the variation with die-casting, consists in that, though there are other furniture or coating elements for facades made of an aluminium alloy, they are almost always manufactured starting from plates or slabs obtained through plastic deformation and not die-casting, and anyway none of them operates by restraining. This however -limits their shape complexity and their production flexibility. Moreover, colouring of such elements is almost always obtained with anodisation treatments, while obtaining the colourings through the treatment' variation, deposition techniques from vapour phase, described in the treatment variation part, allows obtaining greater hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, in addition to unique chromatic characteristics, due to the presence of interference colouring.
- Titanium-coated aluminium slabs are also marketed, afterwards subjected to surface oxidation processes through electrolytic baths, but such techniques have environmental impact problems, in particular as regards liquid reflow disposal.
- the process has a practically null environmental impact, since it does not require the use of solvents, implies the use of small amounts of material for performing the coatings, and the thereby-obtained product is characterised by a high thermal, mechanical and chemical stability.
- the coating should it be removed from the component, would not anyway have environmental impact problems, apart from the possible intrinsic obnoxiousness or allergenicity of the metallic element selected for the reflecting layer.
- the metallic layer is extremely thin, on the order of nanometers, and is protected when operating by the overlying oxidic layer.
- inventive furniture modules or elements 1 allow creating self-supported decorative walls for interiors and exteriors, light filters and sun shades, coatings that require minimum fastening elements and do not require laying with further masonry works.
- the product creates a new behavioural assumption for the end user, since it does not need specialisations or specialists for its laying, does not need other binding materials or supporting structures.
- Flexibility, variety of possible furniture and shape solutions provides the chance, for the user, to re-use the objects "modules" 1 with infinite solutions and places, making the product life cycle almost endless, apart from that, upon completing the cycle itself, one wants to benefit from the product recyclability.
- a further advantage of the invention is the use of an already recycled material (secondary aluminium alloys), that, even in case of disposal, always has an economic value.
- Obtaining furniture modules 1 occurs by manufacturing with the die-cast technique, that is efficient and cheap, but widely adopted for mechanical parts. With this use, such technique allows obtaining pieces with a complex shape in big production volumes, in short times and with reduced costs.
- the inventive furniture modules find main, but not limiting, application area in architectures of interiors and exteriors, such as coatings of walls and ceilings, furniture elements or modules, self-bearing dividing walls, light filters, sun shades.
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Legs For Furniture In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITTO2009A000233A IT1399804B1 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | MODULES AND FURNISHING ELEMENTS IN METAL, IN PARTICULAR, IN PRESSOCOLATE ALUMINUM ALLOY, AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR EVENTUAL SURFACE FINISH |
PCT/IT2010/000075 WO2010109506A2 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-02-22 | Self-bearing furniture modules and elements made of metal, in particular made of a die-cast aluminium alloy, and process for their possible surface finishing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2413750A2 true EP2413750A2 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
EP2413750B1 EP2413750B1 (en) | 2014-08-20 |
Family
ID=41328763
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10711754.1A Active EP2413750B1 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-02-22 | Self-bearing furniture module |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120211455A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2413750B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2012522148A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102368932A (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI1010276A2 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1399804B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010109506A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL2002439C2 (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2010-07-26 | Trint Internat B V | DISHWASHING OBJECT WITH DISHWASHER TO BE PLACED IN DISHWASHER. |
CN105433603B (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-08-08 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Modularization shelf with L é vy curvilinear structures |
CN109939630B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2024-04-30 | 茂名重力石化装备股份公司 | Modularized covering structure and reactor with same |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3125196A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | Screen | ||
US2710175A (en) * | 1952-02-18 | 1955-06-07 | Burgess Manning Co | Heat exchange panel structure |
US3086629A (en) * | 1959-07-08 | 1963-04-23 | Blitzer Bud | Structural panels and elements thereof |
DE2207232C3 (en) | 1971-02-24 | 1975-09-18 | Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka (Japan) | Process for the production of inherently colored anodic oxide layers on aluminum alloys |
NL7304435A (en) * | 1973-03-30 | 1974-10-02 | ||
US4178738A (en) * | 1978-04-12 | 1979-12-18 | Construction Specialties, Inc. | Modular grille |
DE3035956A1 (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1981-04-16 | Giorgio Venezia Manzelli | ASSEMBLABLE MODULE PART FOR BLIND OR SLIDE-IN OR HANGED COVERS |
US4590731A (en) * | 1983-08-10 | 1986-05-27 | Degooyer Lonnie C | Tile reinforcing grid |
US5409782A (en) | 1988-05-02 | 1995-04-25 | Orient Watch Company | Composite film |
JPH05399Y2 (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1993-01-07 | ||
CN2144917Y (en) * | 1992-12-09 | 1993-11-03 | 帅青园艺企业股份有限公司 | Honeycomb type grass planting brick |
JPH10230563A (en) | 1997-02-19 | 1998-09-02 | Toshin:Kk | Interference color article and its manufacture |
WO2001000951A1 (en) | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-04 | Du Toit, Stephanus, Francois | Method of constructing a fence |
JP2001137019A (en) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-05-22 | Taro Himuro | Colored decoration by vacuum deposition |
JP2002274101A (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2002-09-25 | Chuo Motor Wheel Co Ltd | Surface treatment method of aluminum alloy wheel |
KR20020091535A (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-06 | 주식회사 엔티밸리 | Multilayer interference film |
JP2004276294A (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2004-10-07 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Pressure-sensitive adhesive film having high gas barrier properties |
CN2677726Y (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2005-02-09 | 嘉兴典时家具有限公司上海分公司 | Multifunction connecting piece for system office furniture |
JP4155895B2 (en) * | 2003-09-09 | 2008-09-24 | Sus株式会社 | Lattice panel and building construction method and building |
CN2691394Y (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-04-13 | 浙江圣奥家具制造有限公司 | Sectional screen structure for office desk |
EP1784523A1 (en) | 2004-08-06 | 2007-05-16 | Politecnico Di Milano | Method for the protection/selective colouring of an endproduct |
-
2009
- 2009-03-27 IT ITTO2009A000233A patent/IT1399804B1/en active
-
2010
- 2010-02-22 EP EP10711754.1A patent/EP2413750B1/en active Active
- 2010-02-22 CN CN2010800156819A patent/CN102368932A/en active Pending
- 2010-02-22 BR BRPI1010276A patent/BRPI1010276A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-02-22 WO PCT/IT2010/000075 patent/WO2010109506A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-02-22 US US13/138,770 patent/US20120211455A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-02-22 JP JP2012501512A patent/JP2012522148A/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2010109506A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102368932A (en) | 2012-03-07 |
US20120211455A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
ITTO20090233A1 (en) | 2009-06-26 |
IT1399804B1 (en) | 2013-05-03 |
WO2010109506A2 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
WO2010109506A3 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
BRPI1010276A2 (en) | 2016-03-22 |
EP2413750B1 (en) | 2014-08-20 |
JP2012522148A (en) | 2012-09-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5297203B2 (en) | Silver protective coating | |
TWI586469B (en) | Method of laser cladding surface treatments and electronic device housing | |
CN110268337B (en) | Timepiece dial or outer member made of non-conductive material | |
CN108239747B (en) | Mother-of-pearl substrate coated with yellow layer | |
US20040180210A1 (en) | Article having a plasmapolymer coating and method for producing the same | |
EP2413750B1 (en) | Self-bearing furniture module | |
EP2260121A1 (en) | A coating and a method for producing a coating | |
EP3572209A1 (en) | Watch or jewelery component made of composite material and method for manufacturing same | |
JP2012522128A (en) | Method for coating a part made of aluminum alloy and part obtained from said method | |
KR101028419B1 (en) | Manufacturing method for aluminum cookware | |
TWI556991B (en) | Articles with brightness rock stratum pattern and method for making the same | |
KR101868852B1 (en) | Method for Fashion jewelry with luxury Multi color design by Vacuum Deposition Technologies | |
KR100977885B1 (en) | The manufacturing method for a specially-coated marble | |
EP2434031B1 (en) | White decorative covering, decorative item and method | |
CN100348524C (en) | Production of crystal jade glass | |
CN1229241C (en) | Crystal jade glass and making method thereof | |
US20170107622A1 (en) | Method for preventing interference colors on thinly coated metal surfaces | |
EP1780297A2 (en) | Process for coating and/or decorating ceramic articles and articles thus obtainable | |
CN202448405U (en) | High-hardness fabricated metal product | |
TWI523763B (en) | Multicolor metal product and method for making same | |
CN102858100B (en) | A kind of electronic product casing and manufacture method thereof | |
JP2002294099A (en) | Hologram pigment and method for producing the same | |
EP2292810B1 (en) | Coating of vitrified ceramic articles by pvd method | |
EP4206826A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing brackets on a dial | |
TWI472630B (en) | Aluminium productor and method for making same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20111011 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20140306 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: FONDALPRESS S.P.A. |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 682937 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20140915 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602010018368 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20141002 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 682937 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20140820 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: VDEP Effective date: 20140820 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141222 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141120 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141121 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141120 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20141220 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602010018368 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150228 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20150521 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602010018368 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150222 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20150222 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150228 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150228 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20151030 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150222 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150901 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150222 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150302 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20100222 Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20140820 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20240115 Year of fee payment: 15 |