CN109939630B - Modularized covering structure and reactor with same - Google Patents
Modularized covering structure and reactor with same Download PDFInfo
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- CN109939630B CN109939630B CN201910344101.3A CN201910344101A CN109939630B CN 109939630 B CN109939630 B CN 109939630B CN 201910344101 A CN201910344101 A CN 201910344101A CN 109939630 B CN109939630 B CN 109939630B
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 35
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a modularized covering structure and a reactor with the structure, which are used for covering the outer wall of a sealing head of the reactor to insulate heat and preserve heat or prevent fire, and comprise a plurality of covering modules which are spliced in turn along the circumferential direction of the sealing head, wherein each covering module comprises a supporting framework and a covering layer, the covering layer is fixed on the supporting framework, and the supporting framework is mutually and fixedly connected with the reactor through a mounting piece; the device comprises an elastic piece, wherein two adjacent covering modules are elastically connected through the elastic piece; the covering layer of each covering module comprises more than two sections of sectional bodies and elastic joints, wherein the sectional bodies of the more than two sections are radially arranged along the sealing head, and the adjacent sectional bodies are elastically connected through the elastic joints. Compared with the prior art, the end socket covering module can be prefabricated in a modularized mode, improves the field installation construction quality and efficiency, is tightly attached to the end socket, can be mutually deformed and coordinated at high temperature, is simple in opening or closing operation, and is convenient to overhaul and maintain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature and high-pressure reactors used for petroleum refining or used in equipment such as chemical industry, coal chemical industry, chemical fertilizer industry and the like, in particular to a modularized covering structure and a reactor with the same.
Background
The oil refining chemical reactor is a core device in a chemical device, and the basic structure generally comprises a cylinder body, sealing heads arranged at two ends of the cylinder body, a material inlet and outlet opening, an opening for personnel detection and a supporting structure, wherein the cylinder body is made of a steel plate or a forging piece. Generally, the oil refining hydrogen reactor, the desulfurization reactor, the petrochemical reactor or the coal chemical reactor can ensure the smooth progress of the reaction only under higher process temperature and pressure, and in order to ensure the uniformity of the reaction, the reactors are mainly vertically arranged on a skirt, and the cylinder is vertically arranged. In most cases, a covering layer needs to be arranged on the outer wall of the reactor, namely, the outer wall of the cylinder and the outer wall of the sealing head are covered with the covering layer to insulate heat.
The seal head mainly comprises a hemispherical seal head and an elliptic seal head, and the two seal heads are diameter-variable hyperboloid seal heads; in addition, the conical end socket and the forging end socket are also provided, the conical end socket is a variable-diameter single-curved end socket, the construction difficulty of the covering layer of various end sockets is high, and especially the construction difficulty of the variable-diameter double-curved end socket is high. In view of the high-temperature and high-pressure operation conditions of the oil refining and chemical industry reactors and inflammable and explosive gas-liquid media, in order to reduce welding lines and holes as much as possible when the shell is designed, the seal heads are required to be manufactured by forming a whole steel plate, and if small steel plates are required to be spliced into large steel plates for manufacturing, written consent of a reactor design unit is required to be obtained. Because the top sealing head of the reactor is provided with the hole connecting pipe and the platform supporting column, the bottom sealing head of the reactor is positioned in the blocked narrow space in the skirt, and the elevation operation of the construction of the covering layer is carried out due to the hole connecting pipe, the construction difficulty of the covering layer is increased, and the difficulty actually has adverse effect on the construction quality of the covering layer of the sealing head. In addition, the existing seal head cover layer is of an integrated structure, the shell wall of the reactor expands with heat and contracts with cold along with temperature change, the shape change of the seal head has more complex influence on the outer wall cover layer than the cylinder body, and the seal head is more easily damaged and failed. The accurate calculation of the surface area of the reactor head is the basis of the design of the covering layer, and the calculation process is complex by using a differential equation according to the diameter and the chord length of the head.
At present, the cover layer construction of the reactor shell wall has no special technology and special construction regulations aiming at the seal head, and the actual construction result of the seal head cover layer has larger deviation from the theoretical design. The end enclosure cover layer of the traditional reactor is built by welding metal claw nails on the shell wall, penetrating the cover layer, and then screwing nuts on the end parts of the claw nails to clamp a pressing plate, wherein the pressing plate presses the cover layer. There are also metal support rings welded to the shell walls to support the cover layers. The disadvantage of these methods is the hard support, the coating layer is damaged quickly during the thermal expansion and cold contraction of the shell wall, and the metal studs welded to the outer wall conduct the heat of the shell wall to the atmosphere, which wastes a lot of energy over the years.
Along with the development of petrochemical deep processing, the working conditions of high temperature are more and more, the energy conservation and environmental protection situation is more and more urgent, the contradiction between the effect of the cover layer of the sealing head and the quality safety requirement is aggravated, and the gap between the effect of the cover layer of the sealing head and the cover layer of the cylinder body is increased. Therefore, a special head cover construction scheme needs to be carefully designed according to the specific reactor situation so as to achieve the best effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a modularized covering structure which is convenient to install and good in heat preservation effect and a reactor with the structure.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
The utility model provides a modularization covering structure for cover in order to insulate against heat preservation or fire prevention at the head outer wall of reactor, characterized by: the device comprises a plurality of covering modules which are spliced in turn along the circumferential direction of an end socket, wherein each covering module comprises a supporting framework and a covering layer for heat preservation or fire prevention, the covering layer is fixed on the supporting framework, mounting pieces are arranged at two ends of the supporting framework, and the supporting framework is fixedly connected with a reactor through the mounting pieces; the device comprises an elastic piece, wherein two adjacent covering modules are elastically connected through the elastic piece; the covering layer of each covering module comprises more than two sections of sectional bodies and elastic joints, wherein the sectional bodies of the more than two sections are radially arranged along the sealing head, and the adjacent sectional bodies are elastically connected through the elastic joints.
Preferably, the mounting member is a hook, and the support skeleton is detachably hung on the reactor through the hook.
Preferably, the elastic living body can enable the segmented body to rotate with a joint part of the segmented body adjacent to the segmented body as a supporting shaft.
Preferably, the supporting framework of the covering module is fixed with a ladder type step.
Preferably, the ladder type stepping assembly welding is fixed on the supporting framework.
Preferably, the non-metal cords are included, by means of which the cover layer is bound to the support skeleton.
Preferably, the elastic element is an elastic ring, a spring or an elastic clip.
Preferably, the supporting framework is of a chain structure.
Preferably, the modular cover structure further comprises an annular cover layer arranged at the inner and/or outer ends of the spliced cover modules.
The reactor with the modularized covering structure comprises a cylinder body, sealing heads arranged at two ends of the cylinder body, a material inlet and outlet hole for feeding and discharging materials, a manhole for personnel detection, a supporting structure for supporting the cylinder body and a covering structure, wherein the covering structure covers the outer wall of the cylinder body and the outer wall of the sealing heads, and the covering structure covering the outer wall of the sealing heads is the modularized covering structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
Compared with the prior art, the modularized covering structure and the reactor with the structure can prefabricate a plurality of covering modules in advance according to the outline dimension of the sealing head, and the supporting framework is fixedly connected with the reactor through the mounting piece, so that the installation is convenient, and the site installation and construction efficiency is improved. The two adjacent covering modules are elastically connected through the elastic piece, the two adjacent segmented bodies are elastically connected through the elastic movable joint, and when the sealing head expands with heat and contracts with cold, the two adjacent covering modules and the two adjacent segmented bodies can correspondingly open or close to prevent the structure from being damaged. Furthermore, the traditional metal claw nails are removed, and heat in the reactor is prevented from being transmitted out through the claw nails, so that the heat preservation effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a reactor in the example.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a seal head combined covering module in an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coverage module in an embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a combination spring clip between two adjacent cover modules in an embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a support framework of a covering module in a chain structure in an embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another state of the overlay module in fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a seal head combined covering module and an annular covering layer in an embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a support skeleton in an embodiment.
Reference numerals:
1-a cylinder, 11-a manhole and 12-a covering structure;
2. 3-closure head, 21, 31-perforated connection pipe, 22-supporting structure, 23, 32-covering structure;
4-skirt, 13-inner support structure;
321-a covering module, 3211-a supporting framework, 322-a covering layer;
3221. 3222, 3223—segment bodies;
33-elastic member; 6, a hook; 5-an elastic joint; 3213. 3214-a ring-shaped cover layer;
35-ladder type steps.
Detailed Description
The application will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the application in any way, and other figures can be obtained from the following figures without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The reactor of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, includes a cylinder 1 and end caps 2,3 disposed at two ends of the cylinder 1, the end caps 2,3 are respectively provided with open-pore connection pipes 21, 31, the cylinder 1 is provided with a manhole 11 for personnel detection, the end cap 2 is provided with a supporting structure 22 for supporting the reactor, a skirt 4 for supporting the reactor is disposed below the end cap 3, and an inner supporting structure 13 is disposed in the cylinder 1. The outer wall of the cylinder 1 is covered with a covering structure 12, and the sealing heads 2 and 3 are respectively covered with covering structures 23 and 32. The innovation point of the application is that the cover structure of the seal heads 2 and 3 takes the seal head 3 as an example, as shown in fig. 2, the cover structure of the seal head 3 comprises 12 cover modules 321 which are spliced in turn along the circumferential direction of the seal head 3 and are used for heat preservation or fire prevention, the heat preservation aims at preventing the heat inside the reactor from diffusing outwards, the fire prevention aims at flame retardation, and the fire around the reactor is prevented from heating the reactor. The width of each covering module 321 gradually increases along the top of the sealing head 3 towards the cylinder 1, namely the cross section of each covering module is in an equilateral trapezoid. In practice, two adjacent covering modules 321 are spliced together, and a plurality of covering modules are shown with gaps. As shown in fig. 3, each covering module 321 includes a light supporting framework 3211 and a covering layer 322, the covering layer 322 is bound on the supporting framework 3211 by a nonmetal rope, the supporting framework 3211 is a flexible body capable of bending and deforming, the supporting framework 3211 can be changed into a chain cartilage structure as shown in fig. 5, and the structure has high flexibility and can be self-adaptively attached to the outer surface of the sealing head 3. The supporting framework 3211 can be made of carbon steel or aluminum alloy steel, and is light and durable. Two ends of the supporting framework 3211 are provided with hooks 6 serving as mounting pieces, one end of the supporting framework 3211 is hung on lugs near the top of the sealing head 3 through the hooks 6, and the lugs can be fixed on the sealing head 3 or the perforated connecting pipe 31; the other end of the supporting framework 3211 is hung on a hanging hook of the sealing head 3, which is close to the cylinder body 1, through a hanging hook 6, and the hanging hook can be fixed on the top of the sealing head 3 or the skirt 4.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the supporting frames 3211 between two adjacent covering modules 321 are elastically connected by a plurality of elastic members 33, and the spliced supporting frames 3211 may be opened or closed as the reactor is expanded with heat and contracted with cold. The elastic member 33 in fig. 4 is an elastic clip, and may be replaced with an elastic ring or a telescopic spring in practice.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the cover layer 322 of each cover module 321 comprises three segments 3221/3222/3223 and an elastic joint 5, the three segments are radially arranged along the seal head 3, and two adjacent segments are elastically connected through the elastic joint 5 (elastic ring), so that the two adjacent segments can be opened or closed along with expansion and contraction of heat and contraction of cold when the reactor operates, and meanwhile, the cover layer 322 is always tightly attached to the outer wall surface of the seal head 3. The elastic joints 5 can enable the segments to rotate with joints of adjacent segments as supporting shafts, for example, as shown in fig. 3, the segments 3221 can rotate to the positions of dotted lines along the direction C, the segments of the corresponding segments 3221 of the supporting framework 3211 can follow bending deformation, other segments can rotate in the same way, a certain segment can be opened through the elastic joints 5, and local opening is convenient for local detection. According to the operation requirement, as shown in fig. 6, one end of the covering module 321 can be hung on the supporting lugs, and the other end can be detached to be in a hanging state. The dotted line on the right of the bottom head 3 indicates that one end of the supporting framework 3211 is still hung on the lugs near the straight edge of the head 3, while the other end is detached. The left broken line shows that one end of the supporting framework 3211 is still hung on the lugs near the top of the sealing head 3, and the other end is detached. The broken line in the figure shows the orientation of the whole covering module 321 after opening, and during the opening process, the whole covering module 321 may be opened in a segmented manner.
Referring to fig. 7, except for including a plurality of cover modules axially distributed around the open nipple 31 as in the above, the cover modules are shown in simplified representation. The sealing head further comprises annular covering layers 3213 and 3214, wherein the two annular covering layers are respectively arranged at the inner end and the outer end of each covering module after being spliced, namely, the annular covering layers can be arranged on the sealing head 3 at positions close to the top and the straight edge, and even at the middle positions of the top and the straight edge.
The above cover module can be used for conical heads in addition to being applied to semicircular heads or elliptical heads as shown in fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 shows a supporting framework 3211 left after removing the covering layer, a plurality of ladder steps 35 are assembled and welded in the supporting framework 3211, two ends of each ladder step 35 are welded with main beams at two sides of the supporting framework 3211, when one end of the covering module 321 is detached from the sealing head and the other end is hung on the sealing head 3 (as shown by a dotted line in fig. 6), a maintenance and inspection person can detach the covering layer 322 of the covering module 321, ascend gradually along the ladder steps 35, and approach the sealing head to perform maintenance and inspection operation on the covering module.
Compared with the prior art, the multiple covering modules 321 can be prefabricated in advance according to the external dimension of the end socket, random operation and control elements can be reduced in the construction process, parameters such as the geometric dimension of the covering modules are accurately controlled, the symmetry of surfacing construction is improved, asymmetric deformation is reduced, so that accurate effects are obtained, and the field installation construction quality and efficiency are improved.
The supporting framework 3211 is fixedly connected with the reactor through the hooks 6, so that the installation is convenient, and the site installation construction efficiency is improved. The two adjacent covering modules 321 are elastically connected through the elastic piece 33, the two adjacent segmented bodies are elastically connected through the elastic movable joint, when the sealing head expands with heat and contracts with cold, the two adjacent covering modules and the two adjacent segmented bodies can correspondingly open or close, can be mutually deformed and coordinated at high temperature, prevent to destroy the covering modules, are easy to open or close, are provided with the ladder steps 35, are convenient for overhauling and maintenance of the reactor, and are safe to use. Meanwhile, the device has the effects of simple structure, reduction of control elements in the processing process, improvement of precision and operation efficiency, and prolongation of the service life of the reactor, and can meet various higher-requirement chemical technical processes such as high-temperature reaction, heat exchange and the like in the barrel. Furthermore, the traditional metal claw nails are removed, and heat in the reactor is prevented from being transmitted out through the claw nails, so that the heat preservation effect is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A modularization covering structure for cover in order to insulate against heat or prevent fires at the head outer wall of reactor, characterized by: the device comprises a plurality of covering modules which are spliced in turn along the circumferential direction of an end socket, wherein each covering module comprises a supporting framework and a covering layer for heat preservation or fire prevention, the covering layer is fixed on the supporting framework, mounting pieces are arranged at two ends of the supporting framework, and the supporting framework is fixedly connected with a reactor through the mounting pieces; the device comprises an elastic piece, wherein two adjacent covering modules are elastically connected through the elastic piece; the covering layer of each covering module comprises more than two sections of sectional bodies and elastic joints, wherein the sectional bodies of the more than two sections are radially arranged along the sealing head, and the adjacent sectional bodies are elastically connected through the elastic joints.
2. A modular cover structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mounting piece is a hook, and the supporting framework is detachably hung on the reactor through the hook.
3. A modular cover structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the elastic movable body can enable the segmented body to rotate by taking the joint of the segmented body and the adjacent segmented body as a supporting shaft.
4. A modular cover structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the supporting framework of the covering module is fixed with a ladder type step.
5. A modular cover structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the ladder type stepping assembly welding is fixed on the supporting framework.
6. A modular cover structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: comprises nonmetallic ropes, and the covering layer is bound on the supporting framework through the nonmetallic ropes.
7. A modular cover structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the elastic piece is an elastic ring, a spring or an elastic clamp.
8. A modular cover structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the supporting framework is of a chain structure.
9. A modular cover structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the modular covering structure further comprises annular covering layers, wherein the annular covering layers are arranged at the inner ends and/or the outer ends of the spliced covering modules.
10. The utility model provides a reactor with modularization cover structure, includes the barrel, sets up in the head at barrel both ends, be used for business turn over material the business turn over hole, be used for supplying personnel to detect the manhole, be used for supporting the bearing structure and the cover structure of barrel, the cover structure covers the outer wall at the outer wall of barrel and the outer wall of head, characterized by: the cover structure covered on the outer wall of the end enclosure is the modular cover structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910344101.3A CN109939630B (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2019-04-26 | Modularized covering structure and reactor with same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910344101.3A CN109939630B (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2019-04-26 | Modularized covering structure and reactor with same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109939630A CN109939630A (en) | 2019-06-28 |
| CN109939630B true CN109939630B (en) | 2024-04-30 |
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