EP2384833B1 - Blank holder control in the production of can bodies - Google Patents

Blank holder control in the production of can bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2384833B1
EP2384833B1 EP11164655.0A EP11164655A EP2384833B1 EP 2384833 B1 EP2384833 B1 EP 2384833B1 EP 11164655 A EP11164655 A EP 11164655A EP 2384833 B1 EP2384833 B1 EP 2384833B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
holding
clamping
down means
blank
electric motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11164655.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2384833A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Blei
Martin Gaebges
Gerhard Pick
Roland Schmid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
L Schuler GmbH
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L Schuler GmbH
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Publication of EP2384833A1 publication Critical patent/EP2384833A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D24/00—Special deep-drawing arrangements in, or in connection with, presses
    • B21D24/10—Devices controlling or operating blank holders independently, or in conjunction with dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/28—Deep-drawing of cylindrical articles using consecutive dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D24/00—Special deep-drawing arrangements in, or in connection with, presses
    • B21D24/10—Devices controlling or operating blank holders independently, or in conjunction with dies
    • B21D24/12—Devices controlling or operating blank holders independently, or in conjunction with dies mechanically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for producing can bodies, for example for pressure vessel or beverage cans according to the preamble of claim 1 and 9.
  • a cup-shaped blank is formed by means of a drawing punch in the can body.
  • the can body has a can bottom and a can wall made of the same material without a joint to the bottom of the can.
  • the can body is open.
  • a drawing punch can transform the blank into the can body, in particular by so-called ironing.
  • a device or a method is known, wherein from a flat board, first a cup-shaped blank is formed by pulling the board over a hollow cylindrical projection. Subsequently, the bottom of the pot-shaped blank is pressed by means of a punch in the hollow cylindrical projection inside, wherein the blank is everted, so to speak.
  • US 5,357,779 A is a so-called "body maker” described with a hold-down and a stamp.
  • the hold-down is arranged as a hollow cylinder coaxial with a drawing punch. It has a hold-down drive, which in one embodiment of a magnet assembly and in another embodiment of a linear drive can be formed.
  • a clamping force can be generated when the hold-down has reached the clamping position and thus rests on the bottom of the cup-shaped blank.
  • the clamping force of the blank holder on the blank can be set different sizes. It is kept substantially constant until the hold-down is finally moved back from its clamping position.
  • the clamping force can also be varied, but there are no specific information given.
  • the cup-shaped blank is clamped between a hold-down and a counter element.
  • the hold-down is moved by means of a drive device having an electric motor from a starting position into a clamping position.
  • the drive device controls a position variable characterizing the position or the position change of the hold-down device, such as, for example, the rotational position of an electric motor.
  • the counter element is in particular stationary and may for example be part of a lower tool.
  • the drive device After reaching the clamping position, the drive device automatically switches over and regulates a force characterizing the clamping force. This is done by controlling the torque of an electric motor. In the clamping position, therefore, the desired clamping force for the subsequent forming of the blank in the can body is regulated.
  • Too high clamping force can lead to tearing of the material of the blank. If the clamping force is too low, kinks or wrinkles may form in the can body.
  • the force or torque control during clamping of the blank by the hold-down which preferably follows a freely programmable setpoint course, the quality of the can body produced is improved.
  • a coaxially arranged to hold down draw punch is preferably provided.
  • the drawing punch can pass through a tubular shaped hold-down coaxially.
  • a stamp drive which can be activated separately from the drive device is provided.
  • the position size and / or the force magnitude can be variably specified.
  • the position size and / or the force magnitude may be predetermined depending on a control variable and / or depending on the time.
  • the predetermined variables are preferably freely programmable and stored, for example, in a control unit.
  • a predetermined event is switched between the position or position control and the force or torque control. For example, the beginning and end of the force or torque control based the change of a guide, in particular a virtual guidance angle determined.
  • the control of the force magnitude is terminated, for example, when the virtual guidance angle has reached a predetermined threshold. This can be the case with a sinusoidally changing guide angle if, since the time at which the hold-down has reached the clamping position, a predetermined period of time has elapsed.
  • the predetermined period of time is adapted to the required duration for the forming of the blank to the can body.
  • the guide angle can have a course in accordance with a periodic oscillation with a constant frequency, in particular a sinusoidal profile.
  • several drives of the device can be synchronized with each other, e.g. the drive device for the hold-down and the separately controlled punch drive.
  • the drive device has an electric motor, in particular a synchronous motor.
  • the desired rotational position is set based on the motor voltage.
  • the torque is regulated accordingly, eg based on the motor current.
  • An electric motor can be very easily and accurately adjusted both in terms of its rotational position, as well as in terms of its torque. Extremely high lifting speeds can be achieved via the electric motor.
  • the device operates with a stroke rate in the range of 400 to 500 and preferably 460 min -1 . Of the The entire cycle for the ironing press to produce a can body from the blank takes about 120 to 150 ms.
  • the stroke is in the range of 400 to 800 mm, preferably 600 mm.
  • a fluid cylinder such as a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder as a drive
  • the pressure in the fluid cylinder is then regulated in accordance with a predetermined desired value course.
  • previously available fluidic drives do not reach the number of strokes provided by the electric motor.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2a a first embodiment of an apparatus 20 for the production of can bodies is shown.
  • the device 20 has a frame 21 on which a drive device 22 for applying and moving a hold-down 23 is arranged.
  • the drive device 22 comprises a crank mechanism 24 with a plurality of crankshafts 26, which are rotatably mounted on the frame 21 about a respective crankshaft axis 25 and each one has two eccentric crankshaft axis 25.
  • a connecting rod 28 is mounted in each case.
  • the connecting rod 28 opposite the crankshaft 26 it is articulated to a push rod 31.
  • the according to the embodiment FIG. 1 provided push rods 31 are slidably guided in hollow cylindrical guides 32 on the frame 21.
  • the push rods 31 carry a holding part 33 to which the hold-down 23 is attached.
  • the two push rods 31 are arranged parallel to one another and extend in the clamping direction 30.
  • the hold-down device 23 is arranged centrally on the holding part 33 between the two push rods 31.
  • the hold-down 23 has a hollow cylindrical shape whose axis is aligned in the clamping direction 30.
  • a drawing punch 36 is provided.
  • the drawing punch 36 is actuated via a separate punch drive 56.
  • the drawing punch 36 serves for ironing out a cup-shaped blank 37 (also referred to as "cup") in order to form the can body from the blank 37.
  • the drawing punch is actuated by a punch drive 56.
  • the punch drive 56 is not mechanically coupled to the drive means 22 for the hold-down.
  • the punch drive 56 and the drive device 22 can be controlled independently of each other.
  • crankshaft gear 40 is seated on each of the crankshafts 26.
  • Each crankshaft gear 40 meshes with a driven gear 41 which is mounted on the frame 21.
  • the two driven gears 41 are also engaged with each other.
  • One of the output gears 41 is driven by a drive gear 42 via a motor, for example, an electric motor 43 designed as a synchronous motor.
  • the device 20 further comprises a lower tool 45, which is shown schematically in the drawing as a single part. It is understood that the lower tool 45 may also consist of an arrangement of several separate parts.
  • the lower tool 45 comprises a relative to the frame 21 immovable counter-element 46 which cooperates with the hold-23.
  • the counter element 46 is therefore arranged stationary.
  • the counter-element 46 is executed, for example, as an annular counter-contact surface 47 on the lower tool 45.
  • a cylindrical recess 48 is present in the lower tool 45.
  • the recess 48 is annularly surrounded by the counter-contact surface 47.
  • the axes of the recess 48, the blank holder 23 and the drawing punch 36 coincide and form a common longitudinal axis L.
  • the hold-down device 23 and the drawing punch 36 are first removed from the lower tool 45.
  • a cup-shaped blank 37 is supplied via a feed system not shown in detail.
  • the counter-abutment surface 47 is partially bounded by an abutment arrangement 38, which forms a bearing surface for the blank 37, in order to ensure the correct position of the blank 37 coaxial with Longitudinal axis L set.
  • the hold-down 23 is in its initial position FP, which is so far away from the lower tool 45, that the insertion of the blank 37 is possible.
  • the hold-down device 23 is moved by the drive device 22 into its clamping position EP, in which it engages in the blank 37 and touches the bottom 37 a of the blank 37, so that the blank 37 is clamped between the blank holder 23 and the counter-contact surface 47 ,
  • the hold-down 23 is at least partially enclosed by the cylindrical wall 37 b of the blank 37.
  • the end face of the hold-down 23 presses on an immediately adjacent to the cylindrical wall 37b annular surface of the bottom 37a.
  • the drive device 22 regulates a position variable which determines the position or the position change, for example the speed, of the blank holder 23.
  • the drive device 22 regulates a force variable instead of the position variable, so that the clamping force F (t) assumes a predetermined value or a predetermined course.
  • the drawing punch 36 is moved through the hollow cylindrical holding-down device 23 into the recess 48, the blank 37 being pulled completely into the recess 48.
  • the blank 37 is thereby pulled out by overcoming the clamping force F (t) between the blank holder 23 and the counter-contact surface 47 out. This ironing creates the can body.
  • the drive device 22 may have a control unit 55 for controlling the hold-down 23 or be controlled by a control unit 55.
  • a control unit 55 may for example serve a microprocessor.
  • the hold-down 23 at the beginning of the process in its spaced from the lower tool 45 starting position FP ( FIG. 3 ).
  • the electric motor 43 is then in its initial rotational position ⁇ F.
  • the position variable for adjusting the position of the blank holder 23 is regulated in a first step S1. This is done by the control of the rotational position ⁇ (t) and ⁇ (W (t)) of the electric motor 43.
  • the electric motor 43 is operated until it has reached a clamping position EP corresponding rotational position ⁇ E.
  • the sign of the voltage U indicates the direction of rotation of the electric motor 43.
  • the reaching of the clamping position EP is evaluated in a second step S2.
  • the angle of rotation ⁇ (t) of the electric motor 43 may vary according to a predetermined curve, as shown in FIG. 7 is exemplified.
  • the first derivative (slope) of the rotation angle indicates the angular velocity of the electric motor 43.
  • the second time derivative of the angle of rotation represents the angular acceleration
  • the angle of rotation ⁇ (t) is dependent on the guide angle W (t) predetermined such that a jerk or shock-free stopping of the blank holder 23 takes place in the region of the starting position FP and in particular in the clamping position EP.
  • the course of the rotation angle ⁇ (t) is defined such that the angular acceleration has no jumps.
  • the method is continued in a third step S3. This is the case when the lead angle W (t) has reached a first predetermined lead angle value W1. Achieving the clamping position EP can alternatively or additionally to the evaluation of the guide angle W (t) also be carried out by rotary position switch on the electric motor 43.
  • the control unit 55 switches the drive device 22 from a position control to a force or torque control.
  • the drive device 22 then controls the motor current I to a current setpoint I E (t) depending on the conductance W or depending on the time t, whereby the torque M of the electric motor 43 assumes the desired torque setpoint M E (t).
  • An exemplary curve for the torque setpoint M E (t) is shown in FIG.
  • the torque setpoint M E (t) after reaching the Einspannposition EP at the first Leitwinkelwert W1 has an amount that is greater than the amount of an upper threshold MO.
  • the torque setpoint value M E (t) falls below the upper threshold value MO only after the drawing punch 36 has reached the bottom of the blank 37.
  • the holding force F of the hold-down 23 is sufficiently large in a period of time, after the toe-stamp 36 reaches the bottom 37a, so that the drawing punch 36 can start the drawing process.
  • the torque setpoint M E (t) is lowered to an amount which is below a lower threshold value.
  • the amount of the torque setpoint M E (t) is increased again until it exceeds the lower threshold MU, preferably a value between the lower Threshold MU and the upper threshold MO.
  • the control of the motor current I E (t) forming the force magnitude is ended.
  • the hold-down device 23 is moved back out of the clamping position EP into its starting position FP.
  • a query is made in a fourth step S4 as to whether the second predefined master angle value W2 has already been reached. If this is not yet the case, in the third step S3, the motor current I of the electric motor 43 is further regulated to the current setpoint I E (t) in order to obtain the setpoint torque M E (t).
  • the method is continued in a fifth step S5 and the rotational position ⁇ (t) of the electric motor 43 changed in the opposite direction to the first step S1 direction.
  • the electric motor 43 is thereby moved back from its rotational position ⁇ E corresponding to the clamping position EP into the output rotational position ⁇ F corresponding to the starting position.
  • the rotational angular velocity and / or the rotational angular acceleration of the electric motor 43 in moving the blank holder 23 from the clamping position EP to the starting position FP in amount is smaller than when moving the blank holder 23 from the starting position FP in the clamping position EP.
  • FIG. 7 is the curve for values of the guide angle W greater than the second guide angle value W2 shallower than for values of the guide angle W smaller than the first guide angle value W1.
  • a sixth step S6 it is checked whether the output rotational position corresponding to the starting position FP ⁇ F of the electric motor 43 has been reached. For this purpose, it is queried whether the guide angle W (t) has reached a third predetermined guide angle value W3. Also, alternatively or additionally, a rotary position switch can be used on the electric motor 43. As long as this is not the case, the rotational position ⁇ (t) of the electric motor 43 is further changed in the fifth step S5. When the electric motor 43 has reached the output rotational position ⁇ F desired from the home position FP of the blank holder 23, the motor voltage is cut off and the process is terminated. This in FIG. 6 The method described is carried out cyclically for each processing of a blank 37.
  • the operation of the drawing punch 36, which draws the blank 37 into the recess 48 takes place.
  • the blank 37 is pulled out while maintaining the course of the clamping force F (t) between the blank holder 23 and the counter-contact surface 47. It is essential that the clamping force F (t) has the desired course. In this way it can be ensured that the blank 37 does not rupture (which would be the case if the clamping force F is too great) and there is no wrinkling in the can body produced (which would be the case if the clamping force F were too low).
  • the crank gear 24 can then be omitted.
  • the force p then the pressure p used in the fluid cylinder.
  • the position variable used may be the fluid volume V supplied to the fluid cylinder or the volume flow into or out of the fluid cylinder.
  • control unit 55 can be used simultaneously to control the punch drive 56 for the movement of the drawing punch 36. In this way, a particularly simple coordination of the punch drive 56 for the drawing punch 36 and the drive means 22 for the hold-down 23 is possible.
  • the two drives 22, 56 can be controlled or regulated with respect to one another in a predetermined relationship - which, for example, is given by the guide angle W (t).
  • the invention relates to a device 20 and a method for producing can bodies from pot-shaped blanks 37.
  • the blank 37 is inserted into a lower tool 45.
  • the blank 37 is clamped by means of a hold-down 23 between this and a counter-surface 47 of the lower tool 45.
  • a drive device 22 serves to control a position variable ⁇ determining the position and / or the position change of the hold-down device 23. This regulates the position variable according to a predetermined course in order to move the hold-down device 23 into the clamping position EP or out of the clamping position EP.
  • the drive unit 22 regulates a force magnitude according to a predetermined course, which determines the clamping force F (t), which is exerted by the hold-down 23 on the blank 37. This is preferably done by setting the motor current I to a predetermined curve of the setpoint I E (t).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dosenkörpern, beispielsweise für Druckbehälter- oder Getränkedosen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bzw. 9. Dabei wird ein topfförmiger Rohling mit Hilfe eines Ziehstempels in den Dosenkörper umgeformt. Der Dosenkörper weist einen Dosenboden und eine aus demselben Material ohne Fügestelle an den Dosenboden anschließende Dosenwand auf. Auf der dem Dosenboden gegenüberliegenden Seite ist der Dosenkörper offen. Um den topfförmigen Rohling umformen zu können, wird dieser mit Hilfe eines Niederhalters zwischen diesem und einem Gegenelement eingespannt. Anschließend kann ein Ziehstempel den Rohling in den Dosenkörper umformen, insbesondere durch so genanntes Abstreckpressen.The invention relates to a device and a method for producing can bodies, for example for pressure vessel or beverage cans according to the preamble of claim 1 and 9. In this case, a cup-shaped blank is formed by means of a drawing punch in the can body. The can body has a can bottom and a can wall made of the same material without a joint to the bottom of the can. On the side opposite the bottom of the can, the can body is open. In order to reshape the cup-shaped blank, this is clamped by means of a hold-down between this and a counter-element. Subsequently, a drawing punch can transform the blank into the can body, in particular by so-called ironing.

Aus der WO 2009/052608 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung bzw. ein Verfahren bekannt, wobei aus einer ebenen Platine zunächst ein topfförmiger Rohling durch Ziehen der Platine über einen hohlzylindrischen Vorsprung geformt wird. Anschließend wird der Boden des topfförmigen Rohlings mit Hilfe eines Stempels in den hohlzylindrischen Vorsprung hinein gedrückt, wobei der Rohling sozusagen umgestülpt wird.From the WO 2009/052608 A1 a device or a method is known, wherein from a flat board, first a cup-shaped blank is formed by pulling the board over a hollow cylindrical projection. Subsequently, the bottom of the pot-shaped blank is pressed by means of a punch in the hollow cylindrical projection inside, wherein the blank is everted, so to speak.

In US 5 357 779 A ist ein sogenannter "body maker" mit einem Niederhalter und einem Stempel beschrieben. Der Niederhalter ist als Hohlzylinder koaxial zu einem Ziehstempel angeordnet. Er weist einen Niederhalterantrieb auf, der bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel von einer Magnetanordnung und bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel von einem Linearantrieb gebildet sein kann. Über den Niederhalterantrieb kann auch eine Klemmkraft erzeugt werden, wenn der Niederhalter die Einspannposition erreicht hat und damit am Boden des topfförmigen Rohlings anliegt. Die Klemmkraft des Niederhalters auf den Rohling kann unterschiedlich groß eingestellt werden. Sie wird im Wesentlichen konstant gehalten bis der Niederhalter schließlich von seiner Einspannposition wieder zurückbewegt wird. Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform ist zwar erwähnt, dass die Klemmkraft auch variiert werden kann, aber es werden keinerlei konkrete Angaben hierzu gemacht.In US 5,357,779 A is a so-called "body maker" described with a hold-down and a stamp. The hold-down is arranged as a hollow cylinder coaxial with a drawing punch. It has a hold-down drive, which in one embodiment of a magnet assembly and in another embodiment of a linear drive can be formed. About the hold-down drive also a clamping force can be generated when the hold-down has reached the clamping position and thus rests on the bottom of the cup-shaped blank. The clamping force of the blank holder on the blank can be set different sizes. It is kept substantially constant until the hold-down is finally moved back from its clamping position. In another embodiment, although it is mentioned that the clamping force can also be varied, but there are no specific information given.

Aus US 5 212 977 A ist ein Niederhalter einer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Dosenkörpern bekannt, der nicht mechanisch, sondern über Magnetkraft angetrieben ist. Dadurch sollen Querkraftkomponenten vermieden und eine in Umfangsrichtung gleichmäßige Klemmkraft erreicht werden.Out US 5,212,977 A a hold-down device of a device for the production of can bodies is known, which is not driven mechanically but via magnetic force. This is to avoid transverse force components and a uniform circumferential clamping force can be achieved.

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung für die Herstellung eines Dosenkörpers zu schaffen, die die Belastung des Materials des Rohlings reduziert.It is the object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for the manufacture of a can body which reduces the load on the material of the blank.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 und ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 9 gelöst.This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 9.

Erfindungsgemäß wird der topfförmige Rohling zwischen einem Niederhalter und einem Gegenelement eingespannt. Hierfür wird der Niederhalter mit Hilfe einer einen Elektromotor aufweisenden Antriebseinrichtung aus einer Ausgangsposition in eine Einspannposition bewegt. Während dieser Bewegung regelt die Antriebseinrichtung eine die Position oder die Positionsänderung des Niederhalters charakterisierende Positionsgröße, wie zum Beispiel die Drehstellung eines Elektromotors. Das Gegenelement ist insbesondere ortsfest und kann beispielsweise Teil eines Unterwerkzeugs sein. Nach dem Erreichen der Einspannposition schaltet die Antriebseinrichtung automatisch um und regelt eine die Einspannkraft charakterisierende Kraftgröße. Dies erfolgt durch die Regelung des Drehmoments eines Elektromotors. In der Einspannposition wird daher die für das anschließende Umformen des Rohlings in den Dosenkörper gewünschte Einspannkraft geregelt. Eine zu hohe Einspannkraft kann zum Einreißen des Materials des Rohlings führen. Bei einer zu geringen Einspannkraft können sich im Dosenkörper Knicke oder Falten bilden. Durch die Kraft- oder Momentenregelung während des Einspannens des Rohlings durch den Niederhalter, die vorzugsweise einem frei programmierbaren Sollwertverlauf folgt, wird die Qualität des hergestellten Dosenkörpers verbessert.According to the cup-shaped blank is clamped between a hold-down and a counter element. For this purpose, the hold-down is moved by means of a drive device having an electric motor from a starting position into a clamping position. During this movement, the drive device controls a position variable characterizing the position or the position change of the hold-down device, such as, for example, the rotational position of an electric motor. The counter element is in particular stationary and may for example be part of a lower tool. After reaching the clamping position, the drive device automatically switches over and regulates a force characterizing the clamping force. This is done by controlling the torque of an electric motor. In the clamping position, therefore, the desired clamping force for the subsequent forming of the blank in the can body is regulated. Too high clamping force can lead to tearing of the material of the blank. If the clamping force is too low, kinks or wrinkles may form in the can body. By the force or torque control during clamping of the blank by the hold-down, which preferably follows a freely programmable setpoint course, the quality of the can body produced is improved.

Zum Umformen und insbesondere zum Abstreckpressen des Rohlings in den Dosenkörper ist vorzugsweise ein koaxial zum Niederhalter angeordneter Ziehstempel vorgesehen. Insbesondere kann der Ziehstempel einen rohrförmig geformten Niederhalter koaxial durchgreifen. Zum Betätigen des Ziehstempels ist ein von der Antriebseinrichtung getrennt ansteuerbarer Stempelantrieb vorgesehen.For forming and in particular for ironing out the blank in the can body, a coaxially arranged to hold down draw punch is preferably provided. In particular, the drawing punch can pass through a tubular shaped hold-down coaxially. For actuating the drawing punch, a stamp drive which can be activated separately from the drive device is provided.

Die Positionsgröße und/oder die Kraftgröße sind veränderlich vorgebbar. Die Positionsgröße und/oder die Kraftgröße können abhängig von einer Leitgröße und/oder abhängig von der Zeit vorgegeben sein. Die vorgegebenen Größen sind vorzugsweise frei programmierbar und beispielsweise in einer Steuereinheit abgespeichert.The position size and / or the force magnitude can be variably specified. The position size and / or the force magnitude may be predetermined depending on a control variable and / or depending on the time. The predetermined variables are preferably freely programmable and stored, for example, in a control unit.

Nach dem Eintritt eines vorgegebenen Ereignisses wird zwischen der Positions- oder Lageregelung und der Kraft- oder Momentenregelung umgeschaltet. Beispielsweise wird der Beginn und das Ende der Kraft- oder Momentenregelung anhand der Änderung einer Leitgröße, insbesondere eines virtuellen Leitwinkels bestimmt. Die Regelung der Kraftgröße wird beispielsweise beendet, wenn der virtuelle Leitwinkel einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert erreicht hat. Dies ist kann bei sich sinusförmig änderndem Leitwinkel dann der Fall sein, wenn seit dem Zeitpunkt, zudem der Niederhalter die Einspannposition erreicht hat, eine vorgegebene Zeitspanne abgelaufen ist. Die vorgegebene Zeitspanne ist an die erforderliche Dauer für das Umformen des Rohlings zum Dosenkörper angepasst. Nachdem die Zeitspanne abgelaufen oder der vorgegebene Leitwinkelwert des Leitwinkels erreicht ist, schaltet die Antriebseinrichtung ihre Regelung von der Kraft- oder Momentenregelung in die Positionsregelung um und bewegt den Niederhalter aus der Einspannposition zurück in die Ausgangsposition. Anschließend beginnt der Ablauf wieder von neuem.After the occurrence of a predetermined event is switched between the position or position control and the force or torque control. For example, the beginning and end of the force or torque control based the change of a guide, in particular a virtual guidance angle determined. The control of the force magnitude is terminated, for example, when the virtual guidance angle has reached a predetermined threshold. This can be the case with a sinusoidally changing guide angle if, since the time at which the hold-down has reached the clamping position, a predetermined period of time has elapsed. The predetermined period of time is adapted to the required duration for the forming of the blank to the can body. After the time has elapsed or the predetermined Leitwinkelwert the guide angle is reached, the drive device switches its control of the force or torque control in the position control and moves the hold-down from the clamping position back to the starting position. Then the process starts again.

Der Leitwinkel kann einen Verlauf gemäß einer periodischen Schwingung mit konstanter Frequenz, insbesondere einen sinusförmigen Verlauf aufweisen. Über den Leitwinkel können mehrere Antriebe der Vorrichtung miteinander synchronisiert werden, z.B. die Antriebseinrichtung für den Niederhalter und der separat gesteuerte Stempelantrieb.The guide angle can have a course in accordance with a periodic oscillation with a constant frequency, in particular a sinusoidal profile. Via the guide angle, several drives of the device can be synchronized with each other, e.g. the drive device for the hold-down and the separately controlled punch drive.

Erfindungsgemäß weist die Antriebseinrichtung einen Elektromotor, insbesondere einen Synchronmotor auf. Zur Positionsregelung wird anhand der Motorspannung die gewünschte Drehstellung eingestellt. Zur Regelung der Einspannkraft wird das Drehmoment entsprechend geregelt, z.B. anhand des Motorstroms. Ein Elektromotor lässt sich sowohl hinsichtlich seiner Drehposition, als auch hinsichtlich seines Drehmoments sehr einfach und genau einstellen. Über den Elektromotor können extrem große Hubgeschwindigkeiten erreicht werden. Die Vorrichtung arbeitet mit einer Hubzahl im Bereich von 400 bis 500 und vorzugsweise 460 min-1. Der gesamte Zyklus für das Abstreckpressen um aus dem Rohling einen Dosenkörper herzustellen dauert etwa 120 bis 150 ms. Der Hub liegt im Bereich von 400 bis 800 mm, vorzugsweise 600 mm.According to the invention, the drive device has an electric motor, in particular a synchronous motor. For position control, the desired rotational position is set based on the motor voltage. To regulate the clamping force, the torque is regulated accordingly, eg based on the motor current. An electric motor can be very easily and accurately adjusted both in terms of its rotational position, as well as in terms of its torque. Extremely high lifting speeds can be achieved via the electric motor. The device operates with a stroke rate in the range of 400 to 500 and preferably 460 min -1 . Of the The entire cycle for the ironing press to produce a can body from the blank takes about 120 to 150 ms. The stroke is in the range of 400 to 800 mm, preferably 600 mm.

Alternativ hierzu kann es auch möglich sein, einen Fluidzylinder, wie einen Hydraulikzylinder oder einen Pneumatikzylinder als Antrieb vorzusehen, was aber nicht unter den Schutzumfang der vorliegenden Erfindung fällt. Zur Regelung der Einspannkraft wird dann der Druck im Fluidzylinder gemäß einem vorgegebenen Sollwertverlauf geregelt. Allerdings erreichen bisher verfügbare fluidische Antriebe nicht die vom Elektromotor bereitgestellte Hubzahl.Alternatively, it may also be possible to provide a fluid cylinder, such as a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder as a drive, but this does not fall within the scope of the present invention. To regulate the clamping force, the pressure in the fluid cylinder is then regulated in accordance with a predetermined desired value course. However, previously available fluidic drives do not reach the number of strokes provided by the electric motor.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen sowie der Beschreibung. Die Beschreibung beschränkt sich dabei auf wesentliche Merkmale der Erfindung sowie sonstiger Gegebenheiten. Die Zeichnung ist ergänzend heranzuziehen. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Dosenkörpern in schematischer Darstellung im Querschnitt,
  • Figur 2a eine Darstellung eines Kurbelgetriebes der Vorrichtung aus Figur 1 im Schnittbild,
  • Figur 2b die schematische Darstellung des Kurbelwinkels β der Kurbelwellen aus Figur 2a,
  • Figur 3 eine blockschaltbildähnliche Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels, mit einem in der Ausgangsposition befindlichen Niederhalter,
  • Figur 4 eine blockschaltbildähnliche Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung mit einem in der Einspannstellung befindlichen Niederhalter,
  • Figur 5 eine blockschaltbildähnliche Darstellung des Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung nach Figur 4 mit einem in der Einspannstellung befindlichen Niederhalter und mit einem den Rohling umformenden Ziehstempel,
  • Figur 6 ein Flussdiagramm eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
  • Figur 7 einen beispielhaften Verlauf deR Position des Niederhalters abhängig vom Leitwinkel und
  • Figur 8 einen beispielhaften Verlauf des Drehmoments während der Momentenregelung abhängig vom Leitwinkel.
Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description. The description is limited to essential features of the invention and other conditions. The drawing is to be used as a supplement. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of an apparatus for the production of can bodies in a schematic representation in cross section,
  • FIG. 2a an illustration of a crank mechanism of the device FIG. 1 in the sectional view,
  • FIG. 2b the schematic representation of the crank angle β of the crankshaft FIG. 2a .
  • FIG. 3 1 is a block diagram similar representation of an embodiment, with a hold-down in the starting position,
  • FIG. 4 1 is a block diagram similar representation of an embodiment of the invention with a holding position in the clamping position,
  • FIG. 5 a block diagram similar representation of the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 4 with a hold-down located in the clamping position and with a blank forming die,
  • FIG. 6 a flowchart of an embodiment of a method according to the invention,
  • FIG. 7 an exemplary course of the position of the hold-down depending on the lead angle and
  • FIG. 8 an exemplary profile of the torque during torque control depending on the lead angle.

In den Figuren 1 und 2a ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung 20 zur Herstellung von Dosenkörpern gezeigt. Die Vorrichtung 20 weist ein Gestell 21 auf, an dem eine Antriebseinrichtung 22 zur Beaufschlagung und Bewegung eines Niederhalters 23 angeordnet ist. Die Antriebseinrichtung 22 umfasst ein Kurbelgetriebe 24 mit mehreren und beispielsgemäß zwei am Gestell 21 um jeweils eine Kurbelwellenachse 25 drehbar gelagerten Kurbelwellen 26. Jede Kurbelwelle 26 verfügt über einen Hubzapfen 27, der exzentrisch zur Kurbelwellenachse 25 angeordnet ist. Am Hubzapfen 27 ist jeweils ein Pleuel 28 gelagert. An dem der Kurbelwelle 26 entgegengesetzten Ende des Pleuels 28 ist dieses gelenkig mit einer Druckstange 31 gekoppelt. Die beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 vorgesehenen Druckstangen 31 sind in hohlzylindrischen Führungen 32 verschiebbar geführt am Gestell 21 angeordnet. Die Druckstangen 31 tragen ein Halteteil 33, an dem der Niederhalter 23 befestigt ist. Die beiden Druckstangen 31 sind parallel zueinander angeordnet und verlaufen in Einspannrichtung 30. Der Niederhalter 23 ist mittig zwischen den beiden Druckstangen 31 am Halteteil 33 angeordnet. Der Niederhalter 23 weist eine hohlzylindrische Form auf, dessen Achse in Einspannrichtung 30 ausgerichtet ist.In the FIGS. 1 and 2a a first embodiment of an apparatus 20 for the production of can bodies is shown. The device 20 has a frame 21 on which a drive device 22 for applying and moving a hold-down 23 is arranged. The drive device 22 comprises a crank mechanism 24 with a plurality of crankshafts 26, which are rotatably mounted on the frame 21 about a respective crankshaft axis 25 and each one has two eccentric crankshaft axis 25. At the crank pin 27, a connecting rod 28 is mounted in each case. At the end of the connecting rod 28 opposite the crankshaft 26, it is articulated to a push rod 31. The according to the embodiment FIG. 1 provided push rods 31 are slidably guided in hollow cylindrical guides 32 on the frame 21. The push rods 31 carry a holding part 33 to which the hold-down 23 is attached. The two push rods 31 are arranged parallel to one another and extend in the clamping direction 30. The hold-down device 23 is arranged centrally on the holding part 33 between the two push rods 31. The hold-down 23 has a hollow cylindrical shape whose axis is aligned in the clamping direction 30.

Konzentrisch zum rohrförmigen Niederhalter 23 ist ein Ziehstempel 36 vorgesehen. Der Ziehstempel 36 wird über einen separaten Stempelantrieb 56 betätigt. Der Ziehstempel 36 dient zum Abstreckpressen eines topfförmigen Rohlings 37 (auch als "cup" bezeichnet), um aus dem Rohling 37 den Dosenkörper zu formen. Der Ziehstempel wird von einem Stempelantrieb 56 betätigt. Der Stempelantrieb 56 ist mechanisch nicht mit der Antriebseinrichtung 22 für den Niederhalter bewegungsgekoppelt. Der Stempelantrieb 56 und die Antriebseinrichtung 22 können unabhängig voneinander angesteuert werden.Concentric with the tubular holding-down device 23, a drawing punch 36 is provided. The drawing punch 36 is actuated via a separate punch drive 56. The drawing punch 36 serves for ironing out a cup-shaped blank 37 (also referred to as "cup") in order to form the can body from the blank 37. The drawing punch is actuated by a punch drive 56. The punch drive 56 is not mechanically coupled to the drive means 22 for the hold-down. The punch drive 56 and the drive device 22 can be controlled independently of each other.

Zur Drehung der Kurbelwellen 26 um die Kurbelwellenachse 25 sitzt auf jeder der Kurbelwellen 26 ein Kurbelwellenzahnrad 40. Jedes Kurbelwellenzahnrad 40 kämmt mit einem Abtriebszahnrad 41, das am Gestell 21 gelagert ist. Um die Bewegung der beiden Kurbelwellen 26 zu synchronisieren, sind auch die beiden Abtriebszahnräder 41 miteinander in Eingriff. Eines der Abtriebszahnräder 41 wird von einem Antriebszahnrad 42 über einen Motor, beispielsgemäß einen als Synchronmotor ausgeführten Elektromotor 43 angetrieben.To rotate the crankshafts 26 about the crankshaft axis 25, a crankshaft gear 40 is seated on each of the crankshafts 26. Each crankshaft gear 40 meshes with a driven gear 41 which is mounted on the frame 21. In order to synchronize the movement of the two crankshafts 26, the two driven gears 41 are also engaged with each other. One of the output gears 41 is driven by a drive gear 42 via a motor, for example, an electric motor 43 designed as a synchronous motor.

Die Vorrichtung 20 weist ferner ein Unterwerkzeug 45 auf, das in der Zeichnung schematisch als ein einziges Teil dargestellt ist. Es versteht sich, dass das Unterwerkzeug 45 auch aus einer Anordnung mehrerer separater Teile bestehen kann.The device 20 further comprises a lower tool 45, which is shown schematically in the drawing as a single part. It is understood that the lower tool 45 may also consist of an arrangement of several separate parts.

Das Unterwerkzeug 45 umfasst ein gegenüber dem Gestell 21 unbewegliches Gegenelement 46, das mit dem Niederhalter 23 zusammenarbeitet. Das Gegenelement 46 ist mithin ortsfest angeordnet. Das Gegenelement 46 ist beispielsgemäß als ringförmige Gegenanlagefläche 47 am Unterwerkzeug 45 ausgeführt. Im Unterwerkzeug 45 ist eine zylindrische Ausnehmung 48 vorhanden. Die Ausnehmung 48 ist von der Gegenanlagefläche 47 ringförmig umschlossen. Die Achsen der Ausnehmung 48, des Niederhalters 23 und des Ziehstempels 36 stimmen überein und bilden eine gemeinsame Längsachse L.The lower tool 45 comprises a relative to the frame 21 immovable counter-element 46 which cooperates with the hold-23. The counter element 46 is therefore arranged stationary. The counter-element 46 is executed, for example, as an annular counter-contact surface 47 on the lower tool 45. In the lower tool 45, a cylindrical recess 48 is present. The recess 48 is annularly surrounded by the counter-contact surface 47. The axes of the recess 48, the blank holder 23 and the drawing punch 36 coincide and form a common longitudinal axis L.

Zur Herstellung des Dosenkörpers sind der Niederhalter 23 sowie der Ziehstempel 36 zunächst vom Unterwerkzeug 45 entfernt. Zu Beginn wird ein topfförmiger Rohling 37 über ein nicht näher dargestelltes Zuführsystem zugeführt. Die Gegenanlagefläche 47 ist teilweise von eine Anlageanordnung 38 begrenzt, die eine Anlagefläche für den Rohling 37 bildet, um die korrekte Position des Rohlings 37 koaxial zur Längsachse L festzulegen. Der Niederhalter 23 befindet sich in seiner Ausgangsposition FP, die so weit vom Unterwerkzeug 45 beabstandet ist, dass das Einsetzen des Rohlings 37 möglich ist. Im Anschluss daran wird der Niederhalter 23 durch die Antriebseinrichtung 22 in seine Einspannposition EP bewegt, in der er in den Rohling 37 eingreift und auf dem Boden 37a des Rohlings 37 aufsetzt, so dass der Rohling 37 zwischen dem Niederhalter 23 und der Gegenanlagefläche 47 eingespannt ist. Der Niederhalter 23 ist zumindest teilweise von der zylindrischen Wand 37b des Rohlings 37 umschlossen. Die Stirnfläche des Niederhalters 23 drückt dabei auf eine unmittelbar an die zylindrische Wand 37b angrenzende Ringfläche des Bodens 37a. Während der Bewegung des Niederhalters 23 von der Ausgangsposition FP in die Einspannposition EP regelt die Antriebseinrichtung 22 eine Positionsgröße, die die Position oder die Positionsänderung, beispielsweise die Geschwindigkeit, des Niederhalters 23 bestimmt. Sobald die Einspannposition EP erreicht ist, regelt die Antriebseinrichtung 22 anstelle der Positionsgröße eine Kraftgröße, so dass die Einspannkraft F(t) einen vorgegebenen Wert oder einen vorgegebenen Verlauf annimmt. Im Anschluss daran wird der Ziehstempel 36 durch den hohlzylindrischen Niederhalter 23 in die Ausnehmung 48 hinein bewegt, wobei der Rohling 37 vollständig in die Ausnehmung 48 gezogen wird. Der Rohling 37 wird dabei unter Überwindung der Einspannkraft F(t) zwischen dem Niederhalter 23 und der Gegenanlagefläche 47 heraus gezogen. Durch dieses Abstreckpressen entsteht der Dosenkörper.To produce the can body, the hold-down device 23 and the drawing punch 36 are first removed from the lower tool 45. At the beginning of a cup-shaped blank 37 is supplied via a feed system not shown in detail. The counter-abutment surface 47 is partially bounded by an abutment arrangement 38, which forms a bearing surface for the blank 37, in order to ensure the correct position of the blank 37 coaxial with Longitudinal axis L set. The hold-down 23 is in its initial position FP, which is so far away from the lower tool 45, that the insertion of the blank 37 is possible. Following this, the hold-down device 23 is moved by the drive device 22 into its clamping position EP, in which it engages in the blank 37 and touches the bottom 37 a of the blank 37, so that the blank 37 is clamped between the blank holder 23 and the counter-contact surface 47 , The hold-down 23 is at least partially enclosed by the cylindrical wall 37 b of the blank 37. The end face of the hold-down 23 presses on an immediately adjacent to the cylindrical wall 37b annular surface of the bottom 37a. During the movement of the blank holder 23 from the starting position FP to the clamping position EP, the drive device 22 regulates a position variable which determines the position or the position change, for example the speed, of the blank holder 23. As soon as the clamping position EP is reached, the drive device 22 regulates a force variable instead of the position variable, so that the clamping force F (t) assumes a predetermined value or a predetermined course. Subsequently, the drawing punch 36 is moved through the hollow cylindrical holding-down device 23 into the recess 48, the blank 37 being pulled completely into the recess 48. The blank 37 is thereby pulled out by overcoming the clamping force F (t) between the blank holder 23 and the counter-contact surface 47 out. This ironing creates the can body.

Zur Materialschonung des Rohlings und um Risse oder Falten im hergestellten Dosenkörper zu vermeiden, ist die Regelung der Beaufschlagung bzw. der Bewegung des Niederhalters 23 durch die Antriebseinrichtung 22 von Bedeutung. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine solche Regelung durch die Antriebseinrichtung 22 ist in Figur 6 dargestellt. Die Antriebseinrichtung 22 kann zur Regelung des Niederhalters 23 eine Steuereinheit 55 aufweisen oder durch eine Steuereinheit 55 angesteuert werden. Als Steuereinheit 55 kann beispielsweise ein Mikroprozessor dienen.To protect the material of the blank and to avoid cracks or wrinkles in the can body produced, the regulation of the application or the movement of the blank holder 23 by the drive device 22 is important. An embodiment of such a control by the drive device 22 is in FIG. 6 shown. The drive device 22 may have a control unit 55 for controlling the hold-down 23 or be controlled by a control unit 55. As a control unit 55 may for example serve a microprocessor.

Als Leitgröße für die Betriebszustandsänderung der Antriebseinheit 22 dient ein virtueller Leitwinkel W(t), der beispielsgemäß einen abhängig von der Zeit sinusförmigen Verlauf mit konstanter Kreisfrequenz ω aufweist: W t = sin ωt .

Figure imgb0001
The master variable for the operating state change of the drive unit 22 is a virtual guidance angle W (t), which, according to the example, has a sinusoidal course with a constant angular frequency ω as a function of time: W t = sin .omega.t ,
Figure imgb0001

Es sei angenommen, dass sich der Niederhalter 23 zu Beginn des Verfahrens in seiner vom Unterwerkzeug 45 beabstandeten Ausgangsposition FP befindet (Figur 3). Der Elektromotor 43 ist dann in seiner Ausgangs-Drehstellung αF. Nach dem Start des Verfahrens wird in einem ersten Schritt S1 die Positionsgröße zur Einstellung der Position des Niederhalters 23 geregelt. Dies geschieht durch die Regelung der Drehstellung α(t) bzw. α(W(t)) des Elektromotors 43. Hierzu wird der Elektromotor 43 betrieben, bis dieser eine der Einspannposition EP entsprechende Drehstellung αE erreicht hat. Das Vorzeichen der Spannung U gibt die Drehrichtung des Elektromotors 43 an. Das Erreichen der Einspannposition EP wird in einem zweiten Schritt S2 ausgewertet. Solange die der Einspannposition EP entsprechende Drehstellung αE noch nicht erreicht ist, wird der Elektromotor im ersten Schritt S1 weiter betrieben. Der Drehwinkel α(t) des Elektromotors 43 kann nach einer vorgegebenen Kurve variieren, wie dies in Figur 7 beispielhaft veranschaulicht ist. Die erste Ableitung (Steigung) des Drehwinkels gibt die Winkelgeschwindigkeit des Elektromotors 43 an. Die zweite zeitliche Ableitung des Drehwinkels stellt die Winkelbeschleunigung dar. Der Drehwinkel α(t) ist abhängig vom Leitwinkel W(t) derart vorgegeben, dass ein ruck- bzw. stoßfreies Anhalten des Niederhalters 23 im Bereich der Ausgangsposition FP und insbesondere im Bereich der Einspannposition EP stattfindet. Dazu ist der Verlauf des Drehwinkels α(t) so definiert, dass die Winkelbeschleunigung keine Sprünge aufweist.It is assumed that the hold-down 23 at the beginning of the process in its spaced from the lower tool 45 starting position FP ( FIG. 3 ). The electric motor 43 is then in its initial rotational position α F. After the start of the method, the position variable for adjusting the position of the blank holder 23 is regulated in a first step S1. This is done by the control of the rotational position α (t) and α (W (t)) of the electric motor 43. For this purpose, the electric motor 43 is operated until it has reached a clamping position EP corresponding rotational position α E. The sign of the voltage U indicates the direction of rotation of the electric motor 43. The reaching of the clamping position EP is evaluated in a second step S2. As long as the rotational position α E corresponding to the clamping position EP has not yet been reached, the electric motor continues to be operated in the first step S1. The angle of rotation α (t) of the electric motor 43 may vary according to a predetermined curve, as shown in FIG FIG. 7 is exemplified. The first derivative (slope) of the rotation angle indicates the angular velocity of the electric motor 43. The second time derivative of the angle of rotation represents the angular acceleration The angle of rotation α (t) is dependent on the guide angle W (t) predetermined such that a jerk or shock-free stopping of the blank holder 23 takes place in the region of the starting position FP and in particular in the clamping position EP. For this purpose, the course of the rotation angle α (t) is defined such that the angular acceleration has no jumps.

Wird im zweiten Schritt S2 festgestellt, dass der Elektromotor 43 die vorgegebene Drehstellung αE erreicht hat und sich der Niederhalter 23 in der Einspannposition EP befindet, wird das Verfahren in einem dritten Schritt S3 fortgesetzt. Dies ist der Fall, wenn der Leitwinkel W(t) einen ersten vorgegebenen Leitwinkelwert W1 erreicht hat. Das Erreichen der Einspannposition EP kann alternativ oder zusätzlich zur Auswertung des Leitwinkels W(t) auch durch Drehlagenschalter am Elektromotor 43 erfolgen.If it is determined in the second step S2 that the electric motor 43 has reached the predetermined rotational position α E and the hold-down device 23 is in the clamping position EP, the method is continued in a third step S3. This is the case when the lead angle W (t) has reached a first predetermined lead angle value W1. Achieving the clamping position EP can alternatively or additionally to the evaluation of the guide angle W (t) also be carried out by rotary position switch on the electric motor 43.

Im dritten Schritt S3 schaltet die Steuereinheit 55 die Antriebseinrichtung 22 von einer Positionsregelung in eine Kraft- oder Momentenregelung um. Die Antriebseinrichtung 22 regelt dann den Motorstrom I auf einen Stromsollwert IE(t) abhängig vom Leitwert W bzw. anhängig von der Zeit t, wodurch das Drehmoment M des Elektromotors 43 den gewünschten Drehmomentsollwert ME(t) annimmt. Ein beispielhafter Verlauf für den Drehmomentsollwert ME(t) ist in Figur 8 dargestellt. Der Drehmomentsollwert ME(t) hat nach Erreichen der Einspannposition EP beim ersten Leitwinkelwert W1 einen Betrag, der größer ist als der Betrag eines oberen Schwellenwerts MO. Im weiteren zeitlichenVerlauf unterschreitet der Drehmomentsollwert ME(t) den oberen Schwellenwert MO erst nachdem der Ziehstempel 36 den Boden des Rohlings 37 erreicht hat. Dadurch ist die Haltekraft F des Niederhalters 23 in einem Zeitraum ausreichend groß, nachdem der Zeihstempel 36 den Boden 37a erreicht, so dass der Ziehstempel 36 mit dem Ziehvorgang beginnen kann.In the third step S3, the control unit 55 switches the drive device 22 from a position control to a force or torque control. The drive device 22 then controls the motor current I to a current setpoint I E (t) depending on the conductance W or depending on the time t, whereby the torque M of the electric motor 43 assumes the desired torque setpoint M E (t). An exemplary curve for the torque setpoint M E (t) is shown in FIG. The torque setpoint M E (t) after reaching the Einspannposition EP at the first Leitwinkelwert W1 has an amount that is greater than the amount of an upper threshold MO. In the further time interval, the torque setpoint value M E (t) falls below the upper threshold value MO only after the drawing punch 36 has reached the bottom of the blank 37. As a result, the holding force F of the hold-down 23 is sufficiently large in a period of time, after the toe-stamp 36 reaches the bottom 37a, so that the drawing punch 36 can start the drawing process.

Im Anschluss daran wird der Drehmomentsollwert ME(t) auf einen Betrag abgesenkt, der unterhalb eines unteren Schwellenwertes liegt. Bevor der obere Rand der Wand 37b des Rohlings 37 zwischen dem Niederhalter 23 und der Gegenanlagefläche 47 hindurch gezogen wird, wird der Betrag des Drehmomentsollwerts ME(t) wieder vergrößert bis er den unteren Schwellenwert MU überschreitet, wobei er vorzugsweise einen Wert zwischen dem unteren Schwellenwert MU und dem oberen Schwellenwert MO annimmt.Following this, the torque setpoint M E (t) is lowered to an amount which is below a lower threshold value. Before the upper edge of the wall 37b of the blank 37 is pulled between the blank holder 23 and the counter-bearing surface 47, the amount of the torque setpoint M E (t) is increased again until it exceeds the lower threshold MU, preferably a value between the lower Threshold MU and the upper threshold MO.

Bei der Regelung des Drehmoments M(t) des Elektromotors 43 zur Erreichung einer vorgegebenen Einspannkraft F(t) ist die durch das Kurbelgetriebe 24 erfolgte Übersetzung des Drehmoments M in die Einspannkraft F zu beachten. Die vom Niederhalter 23 ausgeübte Einspannkraft F(t) ist bei gleichem Drehmoment M(t) des Elektromotors 43 abhängig vom Kurbelwinkel β, also von der Winkellage des Hubzapfens 27 im Bezug auf die Kurbelwellenachse 25 (Figur 2b). Diese Nichtlinearität ist bekannt.In the regulation of the torque M (t) of the electric motor 43 to achieve a predetermined clamping force F (t), the translation of the torque M into the clamping force F by the crank mechanism 24 must be taken into account. The clamping force F (t) exerted by the hold-down device 23 is dependent on the crank angle β for the same torque M (t) of the electric motor 43, ie on the angular position of the crank pin 27 with respect to the crankshaft axis 25 (FIG. FIG. 2b ). This nonlinearity is known.

Um eine schnelle und sensible Regelung der Einspannkraft F(t) über die Regelung des Motormoments M(t) zu erreichen, wird als Kurbelwinkel β und damit als Drehwinkel αE des Elektromotors 43, der der Einspannposition EP des Niederhalters 23 entspricht, ein Betrag im Bereich von 165° bis 175° vorgegeben. In diesem Bereich bewirkt die Änderung des Drehwinkels α bzw. des Kurbelwinkels β eine besonders große Änderung der Einspannkraft F(t). Es reichen daher kleine Änderungen des Motorstroms I(t) des Elektromotors 43 zur Kraftregelung aus. Dies ist deswegen von großem Vorteil, weil die Vorrichtung mit sehr kurzen Zykluszeiten von 120 bis 150 ms arbeitet, so dass der Elektromotor 43 sehr schnell geregelt werden muss, um den Verlauf des Motorsollmoments ME(t) einstellen zu können.In order to achieve rapid and sensitive regulation of the clamping force F (t) on the regulation of the motor torque M (t) is β as a crank angle, and thus as the rotation angle α E of the electric motor 43, which corresponds to the clamping position EP of the blank holder 23, an amount in the Range of 165 ° to 175 ° specified. In this area, the change in the rotational angle α or the crank angle β causes a particularly large change in the clamping force F (t). Therefore, small changes in the motor current I (t) of the electric motor 43 are sufficient for force regulation. This is of great advantage because the device has very short cycle times of 120 to 150 ms works, so that the electric motor 43 must be controlled very quickly in order to adjust the course of the motor setpoint torque M E (t) can.

Sobald der Leitwinkel W(t) einen zweiten vorgegebenen Leitwinkelwert W2 erreicht hat (entspricht beispielsgemäß dem Ablauf einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne seit dem Erreichen der Einspannposition EP), wird die Regelung des die Kraftgröße bildenden Motorstroms IE(t) beendet. Der Niederhalter 23 wird aus der Einspannposition EP in seine Ausgangsposition FP zurück bewegt. Zu diesem Zweck wird in einem vierten Schritt S4 abgefragt, ob der zweite vorgegebene Leitwinkelwert W2 bereits erreicht wurde. Ist dies noch nicht der Fall, wird im dritten Schritt S3 weiter der Motorstrom I des Elektromotors 43 auf den Stromsollwert IE(t) geregelt, um das Solldrehmoment ME(t) zu erhalten. Andernfalls wird das Verfahren in einem fünften Schritt S5 fortgesetzt und die Drehstellung α(t) des Elektromotors 43 in gegenüber dem ersten Schritt S1 entgegengesetzte Richtung verändert. Der Elektromotor 43 wird dabei aus seiner der Einspannposition EP entsprechenden Drehstellung αE in die der Ausgangsposition entsprechenden Ausgangsdrehstellung αF zurückbewegt. Vorzugsweise ist die Drehwinkelgeschwindigkeit und/oder die Drehwinkelbeschleunigung des Elektromotors 43 beim Bewegen des Niederhalters 23 aus der Einspannposition EP in die Ausgangsposition FP betragsmäßig kleiner als beim Bewegen des Niederhalters 23 aus der Ausgangsposition FP in die Einspannposition EP. In Figur 7 ist der Kurvenverlauf für Werte des Leitwinkels W größer als der zweite Leitwinkelwert W2 flacher als für Werte des Leitwinkels W kleiner als der erste Leitwinkelwert W1.As soon as the guide angle W (t) has reached a second predetermined guide angle value W2 (corresponding, for example, to the passage of a predetermined time since reaching the clamping position EP), the control of the motor current I E (t) forming the force magnitude is ended. The hold-down device 23 is moved back out of the clamping position EP into its starting position FP. For this purpose, a query is made in a fourth step S4 as to whether the second predefined master angle value W2 has already been reached. If this is not yet the case, in the third step S3, the motor current I of the electric motor 43 is further regulated to the current setpoint I E (t) in order to obtain the setpoint torque M E (t). Otherwise, the method is continued in a fifth step S5 and the rotational position α (t) of the electric motor 43 changed in the opposite direction to the first step S1 direction. The electric motor 43 is thereby moved back from its rotational position α E corresponding to the clamping position EP into the output rotational position α F corresponding to the starting position. Preferably, the rotational angular velocity and / or the rotational angular acceleration of the electric motor 43 in moving the blank holder 23 from the clamping position EP to the starting position FP in amount is smaller than when moving the blank holder 23 from the starting position FP in the clamping position EP. In FIG. 7 is the curve for values of the guide angle W greater than the second guide angle value W2 shallower than for values of the guide angle W smaller than the first guide angle value W1.

Schließlich wird in einem sechsten Schritt S6 geprüft, ob die der Ausgangsposition FP entsprechende Ausgangsdrehstellung αF des Elektromotors 43 erreicht wurde. Hierfür wird abgefragt, ob der Leitwinkel W(t) einen dritten vorgegebenen Leitwinkelwert W3 erreicht hat. Auch kann alternativ oder zusätzlich ein Drehlagenschalter am Elektromotor 43 verwendet werden. Solange dies noch nicht der Fall ist, wird die Drehstellung α(t) des Elektromotors 43 im fünften Schritt S5 weiter verändert. Hat der Elektromotor 43 die der Ausgangsposition FP des Niederhalters 23 gewünschte Ausgangsdrehstellung αF erreicht, wird die Motorspannung abgeschaltet und das Verfahren beendet. Das in Figur 6 beschriebene Verfahren wird zyklisch für jede Bearbeitung eines Rohlings 37 durchgeführt.Finally, in a sixth step S6, it is checked whether the output rotational position corresponding to the starting position FP α F of the electric motor 43 has been reached. For this purpose, it is queried whether the guide angle W (t) has reached a third predetermined guide angle value W3. Also, alternatively or additionally, a rotary position switch can be used on the electric motor 43. As long as this is not the case, the rotational position α (t) of the electric motor 43 is further changed in the fifth step S5. When the electric motor 43 has reached the output rotational position α F desired from the home position FP of the blank holder 23, the motor voltage is cut off and the process is terminated. This in FIG. 6 The method described is carried out cyclically for each processing of a blank 37.

Während des dritten Schritts S3, solange der Motorstrom I(t) des Elektromotors 43 zur Einstellung der Einspannkraft F(t) geregelt wird, erfolgt die Betätigung des Ziehstempels 36, der den Rohling 37 in die Ausnehmung 48 hineinzieht. Dabei wird der Rohling 37 unter Beibehaltung des Verlaufs der Einspannkraft F(t) zwischen dem Niederhalter 23 und der Gegenanlagefläche 47 herausgezogen. Es ist dabei wesentlich, dass die Einspannkraft F(t) den gewünschten Verlauf aufweist. Auf diese Weise kann sichergestellt werden, dass der Rohling 37 nicht reißt (was bei zu großer Einspannkraft F der Fall wäre) und sich auch keine Faltenbildung beim hergestellten Dosenkörper ergibt (was bei zu geringer Einspannkraft F der Fall wäre).During the third step S3, as long as the motor current I (t) of the electric motor 43 for adjusting the clamping force F (t) is controlled, the operation of the drawing punch 36, which draws the blank 37 into the recess 48 takes place. In this case, the blank 37 is pulled out while maintaining the course of the clamping force F (t) between the blank holder 23 and the counter-contact surface 47. It is essential that the clamping force F (t) has the desired course. In this way it can be ensured that the blank 37 does not rupture (which would be the case if the clamping force F is too great) and there is no wrinkling in the can body produced (which would be the case if the clamping force F were too low).

Anstelle eines Elektromotors 43 können auch andere Servoantriebe, beispielsweise Fluidzylinder, zum Antrieb des Niederhalters 23 verwendet werden. Das Kurbelgetriebe 24 kann dann entfallen. Als Kraftgröße wird dann der Druck p im Fluidzylinder verwendet. Als Positionsgröße kann das dem Fluidzylinder zugeführte Fluidvolumen V oder der Volumenstrom in bzw. aus dem Fluidzylinder dienen.Instead of an electric motor 43, it is also possible to use other servo drives, for example fluid cylinders, for driving the hold-down device 23. The crank gear 24 can then be omitted. The force p then the pressure p used in the fluid cylinder. The position variable used may be the fluid volume V supplied to the fluid cylinder or the volume flow into or out of the fluid cylinder.

Wie dies in Figur 5 schematisch dargestellt ist, kann die Steuereinheit 55 gleichzeitig zur Steuerung des Stempelantriebs 56 für die Bewegung des Ziehstempels 36 verwendet werden. Auf diese Weise ist eine besonders einfache Koordinierung des Stempelantriebs 56 für den Ziehstempel 36 und der Antriebseinrichtung 22 für den Niederhalter 23 möglich. Über die Steuereinheit 55 können die beiden Antriebe 22, 56 in einem vorgegebenen Zusammenhang - der beispielsgemäß vom Leitwinkel W(t) gegeben ist - zueinander gesteuert oder geregelt werden.Like this in FIG. 5 is shown schematically, the control unit 55 can be used simultaneously to control the punch drive 56 for the movement of the drawing punch 36. In this way, a particularly simple coordination of the punch drive 56 for the drawing punch 36 and the drive means 22 for the hold-down 23 is possible. By means of the control unit 55, the two drives 22, 56 can be controlled or regulated with respect to one another in a predetermined relationship - which, for example, is given by the guide angle W (t).

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung 20 sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dosenkörpern aus topfförmigen Rohlingen 37. Dazu wird der Rohling 37 in ein Unterwerkzeug 45 eingesetzt. Der Rohling 37 wird mit Hilfe eines Niederhalters 23 zwischen diesem und einer Gegenanlagenfläche 47 des Unterwerkzeugs 45 eingespannt. Zur Regelung einer die Position und/oder der Positionsänderung des Niederhalters 23 bestimmenden Positionsgröße α dient eine Antriebseinrichtung 22. Diese regelt die Positionsgröße gemäß einem vorgegebenen Verlauf, um den Niederhalter 23 in die Einspannposition EP oder aus der Einspannposition EP zu bewegen. Sobald der Niederhalter 23 seine Einspannposition EP erreicht, regelt die Antriebseinheit 22 eine Kraftgröße gemäß einem vorgegebenen Verlauf, die die Einspannkraft F(t) bestimmt, die vom Niederhalter 23 auf den Rohling 37 ausgeübt wird. Dies erfolgt bevorzugt über das Einstellen des Motorstroms I auf einen vorgegebenen Verlauf des Sollwerts IE(t).The invention relates to a device 20 and a method for producing can bodies from pot-shaped blanks 37. For this purpose, the blank 37 is inserted into a lower tool 45. The blank 37 is clamped by means of a hold-down 23 between this and a counter-surface 47 of the lower tool 45. A drive device 22 serves to control a position variable α determining the position and / or the position change of the hold-down device 23. This regulates the position variable according to a predetermined course in order to move the hold-down device 23 into the clamping position EP or out of the clamping position EP. Once the hold-down 23 reaches its clamping position EP, the drive unit 22 regulates a force magnitude according to a predetermined course, which determines the clamping force F (t), which is exerted by the hold-down 23 on the blank 37. This is preferably done by setting the motor current I to a predetermined curve of the setpoint I E (t).

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2020
Vorrichtungcontraption
2121
Gestellframe
2222
Antriebseinrichtungdriving means
2323
NiederhalterStripper plate
2424
Kurbelgetriebecrank mechanism
2525
Kurbelwellenachsecrankshaft axis
2626
Kurbelwellecrankshaft
2727
Hubzapfencrank pins
2828
Pleuelpleuel
3030
Einspannrichtunggripping direction
3131
Druckstangepushrod
3232
Führungguide
3333
Halteteilholding part
3636
Ziehstempeldrawing punch
3737
Rohlingblank
3838
Anlageanordnungconditioning arrangement
4040
Kurbelwellenzahnradcrankshaft gear
4141
Abtriebszahnradoutput gear
4242
Antriebszahnraddrive gear
4343
Motorengine
4646
Gegenelementcounter-element
4747
GegenanlageflächeAnvil surface
4848
Ausnehmungrecess
4949
 
5050
 
5151
 
5555
Steuereinheitcontrol unit
5656
Stempelantriebpunch drive
EPEP
Einspannpositionchucking
F(t)F (t)
Einspannkraftclamping force
FPFP
Ausgangspositionstarting position
II
Motorstrommotor current
IE(t)I E (t)
StromsollwertCurrent setpoint
LL
Längsachselongitudinal axis
MM
Drehmomenttorque
ME(t)M E (t)
Solldrehmomenttarget torque
W(t)W (t)
Leitwinkellead angle
W1W1
erster Leitwinkelwertfirst master angle value
W2W2
zweiter Leitwinkelwertsecond master angle value
W3W3
dritter Leitwinkelwertthird guide angle value
S1 - S6S1 - S6
Schritte 1 bis 6Steps 1 to 6
α(t)α (t)
Drehstellungrotary position
ββ
Kurbelwinkelcrank angle

Claims (9)

  1. Device for producing can bodies, in particular for pressure container cans or beverage cans,
    comprising a holding-down means (23) for clamping a pot-shaped blank (37) between the holding-down means (23) and a counter-element (46, 47),
    comprising a drive unit (22) having an electric motor (43) for moving the holding-down means (23) in a clamping direction (30) between a starting position (FP) and a clamping position (EP),
    wherein the drive unit (22) adjusts the torque (M(t)) of the electric motor (43) to achieve a predefined clamping force F(t) as soon as the holding-down means (23) reaches the clamping position (EP), wherein the nominal torque value (ME(t)) once the clamping position (EP) has been reached is of a magnitude that is greater than the magnitude of an upper threshold value (MO), and wherein the nominal torque value (ME(t)) is below the upper threshold value (MO) after the drawing punch (36) has reached the bottom of the blank (37),
    and wherein the drive unit (22) adjusts a position variable (α(t)), which defines the position and/or the change in position of the holding-down means (23), if the holding-down means (23) is outside of its clamping position (EP).
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a drawing punch (36) arranged coaxially to the holding-down means (23) is provided for wall-ironing the blank (37) to form the can body.
  3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the counter-element (46, 47) is arranged in a stationary manner.
  4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive unit (22), once a predefined event (W2) has occurred, switches over from adjusting the torque (M(t)) to adjusting the position variable (α(t)) of the holding-down means (23).
  5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive unit (22), in order to adjust the torque (M(t)) of the electric motor (43), adjusts an electric variable, in particular the motor current (I(t)).
  6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive unit (22) adjusts the rotary position (α(t)) of the electric motor (43) as the position variable.
  7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the rotary position (α(t)) of the electric motor (43) is predefined in such a way that no angular acceleration jumps occur.
  8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive unit (22) adjusts the force variable (I(t)) in accordance with a predefined course while the holding-down means (23) is in the clamping position (EP).
  9. Method for producing can bodies, in particular for pressure container cans or beverage cans, comprising the steps:
    - providing a pot-shaped blank (37),
    - moving a holding-down means (23) for clamping the pot-shaped blank (37) between the holding-down means (23) and a counter-element (46, 47) from a starting position (FP) to a clamping position (EP),
    - adjusting a torque (M(t)) of an electric motor (43) to achieve a predefined clamping force F(t) as soon as the holding-down means (23) reaches the clamping position (EP), wherein the nominal torque value (ME(t)) once the clamping position (EP) has been reached is of a magnitude that is greater than the magnitude of an upper threshold value (MO), and wherein the nominal torque value (ME(t)) is below the upper threshold value (MO) after the drawing punch (36) has reached the bottom of the blank (37),
    - adjusting a position variable (α(t)), which defines the position and/or the change in position of the holding-down means (23), if the holding-down means (23) is outside of its clamping position (EP).
EP11164655.0A 2010-05-03 2011-05-03 Blank holder control in the production of can bodies Not-in-force EP2384833B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010019323A DE102010019323B4 (en) 2010-05-03 2010-05-03 Apparatus and method for producing can bodies

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2384833A1 EP2384833A1 (en) 2011-11-09
EP2384833B1 true EP2384833B1 (en) 2016-03-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11164655.0A Not-in-force EP2384833B1 (en) 2010-05-03 2011-05-03 Blank holder control in the production of can bodies

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9415434B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2384833B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5819098B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102010019323B4 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010060452A1 (en) 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Schuler Pressen Gmbh & Co. Kg Conveyor for conveying workpieces
DE102011053084B4 (en) 2011-08-29 2013-07-11 Schuler Pressen Gmbh Apparatus and method for producing can bodies with cutting device

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4414836A (en) * 1982-09-30 1983-11-15 National Steel Corporation Method of and apparatus for deep drawing metal containers
US4702098A (en) * 1985-10-11 1987-10-27 Ball Corporation Redraw carriage assembly and slide mount
BE1004564A3 (en) * 1990-08-30 1992-12-15 Cockerill Rech & Dev Control device force clamp blank in a press.
US5357779A (en) * 1990-09-07 1994-10-25 Coors Brewing Company Can body maker with magnetic ram bearing and redraw actuator
US5212977A (en) 1991-07-16 1993-05-25 Aura Systems, Inc. Electromagnetic re-draw sleeve actuator
US20090100892A1 (en) * 2007-10-22 2009-04-23 Dubravko Nardini Method and apparatus for producing untrimmed container bodies
DE102008038263B4 (en) 2008-08-15 2014-04-10 H & T Produktions Technologie Gmbh Transfer press with CUP stage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2384833A1 (en) 2011-11-09
JP5819098B2 (en) 2015-11-18
JP2011235358A (en) 2011-11-24
DE102010019323A1 (en) 2011-11-03
US9415434B2 (en) 2016-08-16
DE102010019323B4 (en) 2012-03-01
US20110265545A1 (en) 2011-11-03

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