EP2382847B1 - Method and electronic power supply for operating a gas discharge lamp and a projector - Google Patents
Method and electronic power supply for operating a gas discharge lamp and a projector Download PDFInfo
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- EP2382847B1 EP2382847B1 EP10704109.7A EP10704109A EP2382847B1 EP 2382847 B1 EP2382847 B1 EP 2382847B1 EP 10704109 A EP10704109 A EP 10704109A EP 2382847 B1 EP2382847 B1 EP 2382847B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
- H05B41/292—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2928—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the lamp against abnormal operating conditions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an electronic operating device for operating a gas discharge lamp with a gas discharge lamp burner and a first and a second electrode, wherein the electrodes have a nominal electrode spacing in the gas discharge lamp burner, which is correlated with the lamp voltage before their first startup.
- gas discharge lamps have increasingly been used instead of incandescent lamps because of their high efficiency.
- high-pressure discharge lamps are more difficult to handle with respect to their operation than low-pressure discharge lamps, and the electronic control gear for these lamps are therefore more expensive.
- high-pressure discharge lamps are operated with a low-frequency rectangular current, which is also called “wobbly DC operation".
- a substantially rectangular current with a frequency of usually 50 Hz up to a few kHz is applied to the lamp.
- the lamp With each swing between positive and negative voltage, the lamp commutates, as the current direction reverses and the current thus briefly becomes zero. This operation ensures that the electrodes of the lamp are uniformly loaded despite a quasi-DC operation.
- Display systems such as DLP projectors (short for "digital light processing projector"), include a lighting device with a light source whose light is directed to a DMD chip (short for "digital mirror device chip").
- the DMD chip comprises microscopically small pivoting mirrors which either direct the light onto the projection surface if the associated pixel is to be switched on or direct the light away from the projection surface, for example onto an absorber if the associated pixel is to be switched off.
- Each mirror thus acts as a light valve that controls the light flux of a pixel.
- These light valves are called DMD light valves in the present case.
- DMD light valves for color generation comprises a DLP projector in the case of a lighting device that emits white light, such as a filter wheel, which is arranged between lighting device and DMD chip and filters of different colors, such as red, green and blue. With the aid of the filter wheel, light of the respectively desired color is transmitted sequentially from the white light of the illumination device.
- the color temperature of such display systems is generally associated with the color location of the light of the illumination device. This usually changes with the operating parameters of the light sources of the illumination device, such as voltage, current and temperature. Furthermore, depending on the light sources used in the illumination device, the ratio between current intensity and light flux is not necessarily linear. This leads to a change in the current also to a change in the color location of the light of the light source and thus to a change in the color temperature of the display system.
- the color depth of the display system is limited by the minimum duty cycle of a pixel.
- dithering in which individual pixels are switched at a frequency lower than the regular frequency of 1/60 Hz.
- this usually leads to a visible to the human observer noise.
- the contrast ratio of the display system is defined by the ratio of maximum light flux with fully opened light valves to minimal light flux with fully closed light valves.
- the minimum light flux can be further reduced with completely closed light valves by means of a mechanical diaphragm.
- a mechanical shutter takes up space in the lighting device or display system, increases the weight of the lighting device or the display system, and also provides an additional potential source of noise.
- High intensity discharge lamps as used in such display systems can also be dimmed but thrown the dimmed Operation Problems related to the electrode temperature and the arc approach of the high pressure discharge lamp.
- the bow approach is fundamentally problematic when operating a gas discharge lamp with alternating current.
- the transition cathode-anode is inherently unproblematic, since the temperature of the electrode has no influence on their anodic operation.
- the ability of the electrode to supply a sufficiently high current depends on its temperature. If this is too low, the arc changes during the commutation, usually after the zero crossing, from a point-shaped Bogenansatz istives in a diffuse Bogenansatz istives. This change is accompanied by an often visible collapse of the light emission, which can be perceived as flickering.
- commutation is the process in which the polarity of the voltage of the gas discharge lamp changes, and therefore a strong current or voltage change occurs. In a substantially symmetrical operation of the lamp is at the middle of the commutation of the voltage or current zero crossing. It should be noted that the voltage commutation usually always runs faster than the current commutation.
- the inner end of the lamp electrode which is in the discharge space of the gas-discharge lamp burner, is referred to as the electrode end.
- the electrode tip is a needle-shaped or hump-shaped elevation on the end of the electrode, the end of which serves as a starting point for the arc.
- a major problem of high-pressure discharge lamps is the change or deformation of the electrodes over the entire service life.
- the shape of the electrode changes away from the ideal shape towards a more and more fissured surface, especially at the inner end of the electrode.
- the discharge arc always forms from electrode tip to electrode tip. If there are several approximately equal electrode tips on an electrode, it can lead to a bow jump and thus to a flicker of the lamp.
- Non-centrally grown electrode tips degrade the optical image, since the optics of a projector or a lamp in which / or such a discharge lamp is used, designed for a specific position of the discharge arc and in particular to the initial state of the electrodes and the discharge arc is set. In certain cases, uneven growth of the electrode tips may occur, so that the arc is no longer centered, but axially displaced in the burner vessel. This deteriorates the optical image of the entire system as well. By contrast, the fracture leads to an increase in the original electrode spacing and thus also influences the lamp voltage. Since this increases in proportion to the distance, a premature life shutdown can occur, as it usually responds when the lamp voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold. In summary, there is a reduction in the lamp life and the quality of the light emitted by the lamp.
- the present invention relates to the problem of keeping the electrodes as possible over the entire life of the gas discharge lamp in an optimal state in which the electrodes are at a distance from each other, which corresponds as possible to the original distance in a new lamp, and the To keep the surface of the electrode ends smooth with centrally grown tips, which form a defined starting point for the arc.
- the doctrine of WO 2007/045599 A1 therefore does not solve the above problem.
- the WO 2008/053428 goes another way by applying a fixed frequency square wave voltage to the high pressure discharge lamp, which has a predetermined duty cycle. As a result, a DC voltage is also introduced into the lamp operation, and one of the electrodes heated more than the other.
- the length of the first time duration is preferably between 0 ms and 200 ms
- the length of the second time duration preferably between 2 ms and 500 ms
- the length of the third time duration preferably between 5 ms and 500 ms.
- the durations can be specified within this range depending on the type of lamp in order to ensure a particularly efficient shaping of the electrodes.
- the length of the DC voltage phases is determined by the change or the increase of the lamp voltage in these DC voltage phases.
- a maximum duration of the DC voltage phases may in turn depend on the voltage of the gas discharge lamp.
- the electrodes are not excessively loaded and the life of the gas discharge lamp is not impaired.
- An upper lamp voltage threshold is preferably between 60V and 110V
- a lower lamp voltage threshold is preferably between 45V and 85V, in particular between 55V and 75V.
- the lamp voltage thresholds can be specified within this range in order to be able to optimize the process for this type of lamp.
- the operation of the gas discharge lamp with an alternating current on whose half-waves a pulse of higher current intensity is modulated which is between 50 ⁇ s and 1500 ⁇ s long, supports the shaping of the electrodes by the method according to the invention and makes it even more efficient.
- the length of the DC voltage phase is preferably set by a half-wave of the applied alternating current consisting of several partial half-waves, wherein a part of the commutations or all commutations between two half-waves is undone by a subsequent commutation thereafter.
- DC voltage phases can be generated whose length is a multiple of a partial half-wave.
- any desired length of the DC voltage phases can be generated and the energy input into the electrodes can thus be precisely controlled.
- the current can only flow in one direction, or it is reversed once in the DC phase and the current flows in both directions during the DC voltage phases.
- the energy input in each direction can be distributed uniformly, or the energy input can be done in favor of a current direction, so that one lamp electrode is heated more than the other. If the current flows only in one direction during a DC voltage phase, it can flow in the other direction in the subsequent DC phase.
- constellations are also conceivable in which the current flows in one direction in the first two DC voltage phases, and the current flows in the other direction during the subsequent two DC voltage phases.
- a preferred energy input into an electrode is possible, so that e.g. during the first two DC voltage phases the current flows in one direction, during the third DC voltage phase the current flows in the other direction, and during the fourth and fifth DC voltage phases the current flows again in the first direction.
- the process can be refined even further. and introducing the desired average energy input into the electrode in a shorter time.
- the solution of the task with respect to the operating device is carried out according to the invention with an electronic operating device that performs a method according to one or more of the aforementioned features.
- the operating device is enabled to optimally maintain the gas discharge lamp.
- the solution of the object with respect to the projector according to the invention is carried out with a projector with an electronic operating device wherein the projector is designed to project an image during the implementation of the method according to the invention, without the image, the implementation of the method is to be considered.
- the process can be carried out at any time without affecting the operation, and thus the lamp can be maintained at any time.
- Fig. 1 shows a graph showing the relationship between the duration of a voltage applied to the gas discharge lamp DC voltage phase (curve VT), a distance between two DC voltage phases (curve OT), a voltage change in the DC voltage phase (curve VP) and the lamp voltage for a first embodiment of the operating method according to the invention.
- the curve VT thus represents the length of the DC voltage phase as a function of the lamp voltage.
- the curve OT represents the distance, also referred to below as the blocking time, between two DC voltage phases, ie the time until a DC voltage phase is again applied to the gas discharge lamp. Since, upon application of a DC voltage phase, the electrode melts more or less and the electrode spacing and thus also the lamp voltage increases, this is greater after the DC voltage phase than before the DC voltage phases.
- the curve VT now shows the change in the lamp voltage during the DC voltage phase as a function of the lamp voltage.
- the change may be quite large, in the present case up to 5V, since an increase in the electrode spacing is strongly desired.
- the maximum change in lamp voltage should be only 1V.
- the inventive method ensures a defined distance of the electrode tips and a smooth as possible, little rugged form of the electrode ends over the entire life of the gas discharge lamp. This is achieved by DC voltage phases, which melt the electrode ends as needed and also promote electrode growth.
- DC voltage phases consist of the omission of a few commutations. These omissions are placed so that the electrodes are always are only mutually charged, that is, once the one electrode acts as an anode during a DC voltage phase, then acts after a break with normal lamp operation, the other electrode during a DC voltage phase as the anode. The frequency itself is not changed. In a positive DC voltage phase always only a first electrode of the gas discharge lamp is heated, in a negative DC voltage phase, only a second electrode of the gas discharge lamp is always heated.
- the DC voltage phases are thus generated by the omission of commutations or by inserting pseudo commutations. In the second variant, they are thus no DC voltage phases in the strict sense, since in between the voltage and thus the current direction per pseudo-commutation is reversed twice, and quite a few pseudo commutations per 'DC phase' can occur.
- Very long DC voltage phases with high energy input melt the entire end of the respective electrode for a short time.
- the surface voltage of the electrode material forms the end in a spherical or oval shape.
- the electrode tips melt and are neutralized by the surface tension of the electrode material. This results in a small increase in the arc length and thus the lamp voltage by the regression of the electrode tips.
- Short DC voltage phases merely cause the electrode tips to overmelt, so that the shape of the electrode tips can be influenced. This is used to keep the electrode tips as optimally as possible over the entire burning time, and to produce a defined centering tip.
- a so-called maintenance pulse can accelerate the peak growth of the electrode tip, and is preferably applied after a long DC phase to re-grow on the oval or round end of the electrode an electrode tip that produces a good arc attachment point.
- the term maintenance pulse refers to a short current pulse which is applied to the gas discharge lamp shortly before or shortly after the commutation in order to heat the electrode.
- the length of the maintenance pulse is between 50 ⁇ s and 1500 ⁇ s long, wherein the current level of the maintenance pulse is greater than in stationary operation. This achieves an overmelting of the outer end of the electrode tip whose thermal inertia has a time constant of approximately 100 ⁇ s.
- the lamp is always applied at regular intervals with a DC voltage phase whose length depends on the lamp voltage.
- the distances between two DC voltage phases are dependent on the lamp voltage.
- the method now uses the VT after curve Fig. 1 for calculating the length of the DC voltage phases applied to the gas discharge lamp.
- the length of the DC voltage phases is in the preferred embodiment at 65V 40ms, with the DC voltage phases getting longer as the voltage drops, to reach 200ms at 60V.
- the length of the DC voltage phases can vary between 5 ms and 500 ms depending on the lamp type.
- the DC voltage phases are applied to the gas discharge lamp at regular intervals. The distances depend on the lamp voltage, but not shorter than 180s.
- the duration between two DC voltage phases is as in FIG Fig. 1 shown (curve OT) 200s at 60V lamp voltage, where it rises to 600s at 65V lamp voltage, and then drop back to 300s at 110V lamp voltage.
- the duration between two DC voltage phases increases from 180s at 60V to 300s at 65V, then drops again to 180s at 110V lamp voltage.
- the time span between two DC voltage phases can vary between 180s and 900s, depending on the lamp type. In summary, it can thus be said that at lower voltage, the DC voltage phases are more often applied to the gas discharge lamp and are also longer and thus more energy-rich.
- the frequency of the DC voltage phases also increases again to reach 200ms again at 110V.
- a maintenance pulse is always used between the DC voltage phases in order to promote the central growth of electrode tips on the electrode end.
- the frequency of the DC voltage phases is minimal in this area.
- the length of the DC voltage phases is about 40 ms in the preferred embodiment.
- the length of the DC voltage phases can be between 0 ms and 200 ms depending on the lamp type. For some lamp types, the DC voltage phases in this area can be completely dispensed with.
- the gas discharge lamp gets older, the lamp voltage increases due to the burn-back of the electrodes and the longer arc. With older lamps, there is a high risk that the end of the electrode will rupture and the electrode tips will no longer be able to grow up in the middle. Therefore, long and high-energy DC voltage phases are applied to the gas discharge lamp burner, which easily over-melt the electrode ends and thus produce the smoothest possible electrode surface. This can be considered as a polishing of the shape of the electrode end.
- the DC voltage phases are also increasingly applied to the gas discharge lamp with increasing lamp voltage, as can be seen from the curve OT. From an upper voltage threshold, the parameters can be kept constant.
- the duration of the DC voltage phases in the preferred embodiment varies from 40ms at 75V up to 200ms at 110V lamp voltage of the gas discharge lamp burner. Depending on the lamp type, the duration of the DC voltage phases can vary from 2 ms to 500 ms.
- the time period between two DC voltage phases is 180s at 60V lamp voltage in the present embodiment, then rises to 600s at 65V lamp voltage, and decreases on 300s at 110V lamp voltage.
- the time span between two DC voltage phases can vary between 180s and 900s, depending on the lamp type. In summary, it can be said that the duration of the DC voltage phases increases with increasing lamp voltage, the DC voltage phases being applied more frequently to the gas discharge lamp with increasing lamp voltage and with very low lamp voltage.
- the length of the DC voltage phases is not controlled by a characteristic, but the length of the DC voltage phases is controlled by the lamp voltage in the DC voltage phase itself.
- the curve VP already described above describes the maximum voltage change of the lamp voltage in the DC voltage phase as a function of the lamp voltage. The voltage change is measured during the DC voltage phase.
- the circuit implementing the method has a measuring device which can measure the lamp voltage before the DC voltage phase and above all the change of the lamp voltage during a DC voltage phase.
- the change in the lamp voltage during the DC voltage phase is evaluated in response to a termination criterion, and the DC voltage phase ends when the termination criterion is reached.
- FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the method of the second embodiment.
- the gas discharge lamp is operated in normal operation without application of DC voltage. But leaves the lamp this voltage range, DC voltage phases are applied to the lamp.
- the length of the DC voltage phases depends on the lamp voltage and above all on the change in the lamp voltage which is applied during the DC voltage phases.
- the DC voltage phases are maintained until the lamp voltage has risen by a previously calculated or a predetermined value ⁇ U 1 , ⁇ U 2 .
- the voltage increase of the lamp voltage in the DC voltage phase is between 0.5V and 8V depending on the gas discharge lamp. In a preferred embodiment, the desired voltage increase is between 5V at 60V and 1V at 65V.
- the DC voltage phase is terminated so as not to damage the electrodes.
- the process is carried out anew, that is, the lamp voltage is measured and another DC phase applied when the lamp voltage is outside the optimum range of 65-75V. These steps are repeated periodically until the lamp voltage is again in the optimum range.
- a DC voltage phase which has always been made up of a positive phase for the first electrode and a negative phase for the second electrode, is divided into these two phases so as to have different states to treat both lamp electrodes.
- the length of the DC phase is determined for the previously calculated voltage rise for the first electrode and applied to the second electrode in a subsequent inverse DC phase.
- the length of the DC voltage phases for each electrode is calculated from the voltage rise during the DC voltage phases.
- the magnitude of the voltage increase is the same for both DC voltage phases.
- an individual electrode forming takes place for centering the arc in the burner axis.
- the following method steps are carried out:
- the length of the electrode tip according to the relation: I electrode tip ⁇ ⁇ U DC - phase T DC - phase calculated.
- the duration or the voltage increase of the DC voltage phase for the desired displacement of the electrode center of gravity is calculated proportional to the individual length of the electrode tip:
- the third embodiment of the second embodiment of the method there are new advantages that can not afford the previous methods of the prior art.
- the possibility of asymmetrically introducing energy into the respective electrodes affords the possibility of centering the electrode system center of gravity and of holding it in its centered position over the service life.
- the centered position of the center of gravity of the electrode within the burner vessel results in a more stable and effective light output by the optical system, which was calculated for a defined electrode position.
- the discharge arc remains in focus throughout the life of the lamp.
- the fact that the arc starting points are always centered on the electrode results in an average maximum distance of the discharge arc from the burner vessel wall over the entire service life, which effectively reduces devitrification of the burner vessel.
- the optical system can optimize and thus maximize its overall efficiency through a control loop that includes the electrode forming mechanisms.
- the first embodiment and the second embodiment use mixed to obtain the electrodes and the electrode tips in an optimum state.
- An advantageous Mixture could include that at lamp voltages below the lower lamp voltage threshold, a method of the second embodiment is used, wherein the length of the DC phase is determined by the lamp voltage change during this DC phase and at lamp voltages above the upper lamp threshold, a method of the first embodiment is used, in which the length of the DC phase is calculated or given by a characteristic.
- Fig. 3 shows a representation of a pair of electrodes before and after the optimization of the method in the second embodiment.
- a pair of electrodes 52, 54 may be seen with the electrode ends 521, 541 and the electrode tips 523, 543 prior to application of the method in the second embodiment.
- the center 57 of the electrodes is not at the optimum center 58 of the torch vessel because the electrode tip 543 has grown much further than the electrode tip 523. Therefore, the method in its second embodiment is used to compensate for asymmetric electrode geometry.
- the electrodes 52, 54 look like in FIG Fig. 3b the two electrode tips 523, 543 are again of the same length, the center 57 between the electrode tips again lies in the burner center 58.
- the discharge arc again burns optimally in the center of the burner vessel, and the optical efficiency of the overall system is maximized.
- Fig. 4 shows the course of the lamp voltage U DC and the lamp current I DC during a DC voltage phase with different temporal resolution.
- the two curves are shown in a low temporal resolution of 4ms / DIV. It is especially good to see on the stream that the positive as well as the negative DC phase is composed of 3 normal half-waves. This can be seen well from the 2 acicular current pulses 61, 62, which divides the DC voltage phase into 3 areas. The pulses can also be seen in the lamp voltage.
- the lower graph shows one of these pulses in a larger temporal resolution of 8 ⁇ s.
- the double commutation is best seen, especially at the lamp voltage U DC , the voltage U DC jumps with a positive edge to its upper value and about 2 ⁇ s later with a negative edge to its lower value, where it remains until the next commutation .
- the lamp current I DC wants to swing after the first commutation, but is too slow, so that only a small current collapse is recorded during the 2us. This is because the current commutation, as already mentioned, proceeds more slowly than the voltage commutation.
- Fig. 5 shows a profile of the lamp current, in which the gas discharge lamp is operated with the above-mentioned maintenance pulses MP.
- the DC voltage phase DCP is composed of two half-waves HW, since two maintenance pulses MP occur in the DC voltage phase.
- the DC voltage phases are thus composed of half-waves of the normal operating frequency, so that the highest operating frequency is always an integer or fractionally multiple of the frequency of the DC phases.
- a continuous adjustment of the operating frequency takes place as a function of the lamp voltage.
- the method can be operated in various forms.
- the in Fig. 6a is shown, the operating frequency is changed in discrete steps, depending on the lamp voltage. The higher the lamp voltage, the higher the frequency becomes. Since commutation can take place only at certain times due to various boundary conditions in the overall system, the operating frequency can only assume a limited number of frequency values. If the gas discharge lamp is operated, for example, in a video projector with a color wheel, the operating frequency of the gas discharge lamp can only be commutated if the color wheel is in a position in which it is just changing from one color segment to the next. Due to the uniform number of revolutions of the color wheel, which in turn depends on the frame rate of the video image, in principle, the frequency of commutation over a revolution of the color wheel is fixed.
- a fixed operating frequency In order to operate the gas discharge lamp optimally, but should always be driven at a certain lamp voltage, a fixed operating frequency. In the present example, for example, at a lamp voltage between 0V and 50V, a lamp current with an operating frequency of 100Hz applied to the gas discharge lamp. However, since the operating frequency can only assume a few discrete frequency values due to the above boundary conditions, the adaptation of the operating frequency to the lamp voltage is quite rough.
- the highest operating frequency is the frequency at which commutation is also carried out for all possible commutation times. This frequency is the highest frequency that can be represented in the system.
- the possible commutation times which are predetermined by the abovementioned boundary conditions, for example of a color wheel, are also referred to as commutation points, as already mentioned above.
- the operating frequency of the gas discharge lamp is continuously adjusted on the basis of a characteristic curve.
- the characteristic of a preferred embodiment is in Fig. 6b shown. Up to a certain lamp voltage of here 50V, the operating frequency always remains equal to about 100Hz. From a lamp voltage above 50V, the operating frequency increases continuously up to a lamp voltage of 150V. Due to the above, not every operating frequency can be approached directly. Therefore, a method is used in which the inverter operates the gas discharge lamp at a series of discrete frequencies, all of which represent an integer or fractionally rational fraction of the highest operating frequency.
- commutation is not really commutated at each commutation point, but in each case two or more sub-half-waves are combined to form a resulting half-wave HW, so that the period duration the resulting half wave is an integer or fractional rational factor of the original half - wave, as in Fig. 5 shown.
- the commutation pattern consists of a series connection of half-waves of different discrete frequencies.
- a controller carrying out the method now mixes these discrete frequencies in their frequency so that the time average of the frequencies corresponds to the desired operating frequency of the gas discharge lamp to be set.
- 6c shows an exemplary waveform with commutation points 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, in which, if necessary, a commutation can take place. If a commutation occurs at each of these points, the highest operating frequency is generated, and one half-wave is exactly one half-wave in each case. Also in this embodiment, there are again the possibilities to omit commutations really, or instead omit the commutation to execute two fast commutations in a row.
- the method is also suitable if the possible commutation points per se are not always equally spaced.
- the different color sectors of the color wheel are also different in width, so that the time intervals of the possible commutation sites are different. This is not a problem in the present method, since the higher-level control unit can take this into account and adapt the time average of the resulting frequency of the plurality of frequencies having the different half-waves, by the above-mentioned temporal frequency distribution exactly to the predetermined operating frequency of the gas discharge lamp ,
- Fig. 7 shows a signal flow graph for schematically illustrating a fourth embodiment of the method. This begins in step 100 with the start, ie ignition of the lamp. Subsequently, it is checked in step 120 whether at least one parameter lies in a value range that is correlated with the fact that the first and / or the second electrode is rugged. The lamp voltage or the operating time since the first startup or since the last execution of the method or the distance is preferred as this parameter the electrodes into consideration. If the question is answered in the negative, the gas discharge lamp is operated in step 150 in normal lamp operation. If the question is answered yes, the lamp is initially also operated in step 125 in normal lamp operation. During this time, however, it is regularly checked whether a start criterion for overmelting is fulfilled.
- the starting criterion can be, for example, the achievement of a specific lamp voltage U BSsetpoint . During this time, no over-melting step is performed during normal lamp operation. As soon as the start criterion has been met, the overmelting of the electrodes is initiated in step 135. Preferably, in equidistant time intervals, it is checked in step 140 whether a termination criterion for the end of the overmelt phase is fulfilled. This may be preferred when the lamp voltage has risen above a setpoint U BASoll . If this is answered in the negative, step 135 is continued and the query is then made again in step 140.
- steps 135, 140 is performed until the question is answered in the affirmative at step 140, after which the method proceeds to step 150 where, during normal steady-state lamp operation, new electrode tips are grown on the front part of the electrodes.
- step 150 a branch is made at regular intervals to step 120 in order to ensure a continuous control loop, which always keeps the electrodes of the gas discharge lamp in the best possible condition.
- Fig. 8 shows a schematic representation of the time course of the lamp voltage U B of a discharge lamp after its switching.
- the Lamp operated within the first 45 s with a power P, which is smaller than the nominal power P nom .
- This phase is referred to as start-up phase, while the current supplied to the lamp is limited in order not to overload the gas discharge lamp or the electronic control gear.
- the lamp voltage U B has not risen to its continuous operating value in the region after 45 s, the lamp is already operated there at the nominal power P nom , ie there is no current limitation active there.
- This phase is referred to as a power control phase during which the lamp is operated at substantially its nominal power.
- the normal lamp operation is thus composed of a start-up phase, which starts with the start of the lamp, and a power control phase, which adjoins the start-up phase and after a certain time in the stationary state, while the gas discharge lamp substantially with their nominal parameters is operated.
- the startup phase after switching on until 45 s is particularly suitable for carrying out the method since the burner temperature there is still low and the user is not yet operating the lamp for the intended purpose.
- Fig. 9 shows a schematic representation of the time course of the ratio of the power P to the nominal power P nom in percent and the lamp voltage U B during the implementation of a preferred embodiment of the method.
- the discharge lamp is operated at the nominal power P nom .
- the power P is lowered to 30% of nominal power. This leads to the cooling of the discharge lamp, which is already related to Fig. 2 mentioned advantages.
- the discharge lamp is operated with a lamp current I which amounts to between 150 and 200% of the nominal lamp current I nom for overmolding the electrodes.
- the lamp is operated at a power which is approximately 75% of the nominal power P nom .
- the power is increased in 5% increments, each lasting about 20 minutes, until the nominal power reaches P nom or even beyond, resulting in the growth of new electrode tips.
- this decreases from a constant value, which has been set during the operation of the discharge lamp with the power P nom , during operation at a lower power and then gradually increases again.
- FIGS. 10a ) to d) show the state of the front parts of the electrodes at different stages of performing the method.
- Fig. 4a) shows the state before performing the procedure.
- the front parts of the electrodes are clearly fissured, the electrode tips are arranged off-center, the distance between the electrodes is d a .
- the condition shortly after the overmolding of the front parts of the electrodes is in Fig. 10b ).
- Clearly visible is the hemispherical shape of the front parts of the electrodes, which results from over-melting due to the surface tension. Instead of the fractures now shows a smooth electrode surface. The distance has grown to d b .
- Fig. 11 shows the timing of the lamp current, above, and the lamp voltage U B , below, when driven with asymmetric current Dutycyle during the Kochzphase. It is easy to see that individual Commutations are done in duplicate immediately after each other. Two commutations executed immediately after one another are known by the term so-called "dummy commutations". As a result, an intended asymmetry or a DC component is generated in the lamp current. As can also be seen, the lamp voltage U B increases as desired. Alternatively, individual commutations can be left out.
- the fifth embodiment relates to an operation method that can be carried out with an operating device to improve image quality in a lighting device besides electrode forming.
- the lighting device 10 comprises a light source 1, in this case a gas discharge lamp, which emits light with a color location in the white area of the CIE standard color chart.
- a gas discharge lamp In the gas discharge lamp 1 is a point light source with a very small arc distance, which has a high energy density of 100 W / mm 3 to 500 W / mm 3 .
- the illumination device 10 according to the FIG. 12 an operating device 2, such as a function generator, which can provide electrical signals with a power of 100 W to 500 W, and performs the method according to the invention.
- the operating device 2 controls the light source 1 by the method according to the invention with an electric current signal, which follows a light curve 3. Light curves 3 will be discussed later in connection with the Figures 13 and 15A to 15C explained in more detail.
- the light curve 3 in the embodiment according to the Figure 15A comprises a periodic sequence of three segments S R , S G , S B.
- the first segment S B is associated with the color blue, the second segment S R with the color red and the third segment S G with the color green.
- This light curve 3 can, for example, alternatively to the light curve 3 according to the FIG. 14 be stored in the operating device 2 of the lighting devices 10, 11, in the display systems according to the FIG. 13 is used.
- the different segments of the light curve are assigned to different partial half-waves, from which there is the alternating current to be applied to the gas discharge lamp. This follows the lamp current of the stored light curve. Since the light output of the gas discharge lamp correlates with the lamp current, the light output of the gas discharge lamp follows the stored light curve.
- the first segment S B of the light curve of Figure 15A is associated with the color blue and has a duration t B of about 1300 ⁇ s. During this time interval t B , the luminous flux of the illumination device 10, 11 is approximately 108%.
- the first segment S B is followed by a second segment S R , which is associated with the color red and has a duration of t R.
- a first time interval t R1 of the time interval t R the light flux of the illumination device 10, 11 is approximately 150% in the short term, while the light flux in a second time interval t R2 , which directly adjoins the first time interval t R1 and with this the time interval t R training is about 105%.
- the time interval t R1 is significantly shorter than the time interval t R2 .
- the time interval In the present case, t R1 is approximately 100 ⁇ s, while the time interval t R2 in the present case is approximately 1200 ⁇ s.
- the second segment S R is followed by a third segment S G , which is associated with the color green and has a duration t G of likewise approximately 1300 ⁇ s.
- the time interval t G is divided as the time interval t R in two time intervals t G1 and t G2 , wherein the first time interval t G1 is significantly longer than the second time interval t G2 .
- the first time interval t G1 is approximately 1200 ⁇ s
- the second time interval t G2 of the green segment has a duration of approximately 100 ⁇ s.
- the light curve 3 has a constant value of about 85%, which is briefly lowered for the time interval t G2 to a value of about 45%.
- the FIG. 15B shows two light curves 3.
- the diagrams represent the illuminance and the color as a function of the time. They each contain a full period of the light curve form, usually with a duration between 16 and 20 ms.
- the light curve of the embodiment according to FIG. 15C is designed for a filter wheel 6 with six different filters with the colors yellow, green, magenta, red, cyan and blue. Accordingly, the light curve 3 is composed of a periodic sequence of six different segments S Y , S G , S M , S R , S C , S B , which are assigned to the respective color.
- the segments S Y , S G , S M , S R , S C , S B are denoted below by the color to which they are assigned.
- Each segment S Y , S G , S M , S R , S C , S B of the light curve 3 in this case has a constant value of the luminous flux during most of the duration of the respective segment.
- the individual segments S Y, S G, S M, S R, S C, S B are again time intervals t Y, t G, t M, t R, t C, t B associated with the t in two or three time intervals Y1 , t Y2 , t G1 , t G2 , t M1 , t M2 , t M3 , t R1 , t R2 , t C1 , t C2 , t C3 , t B1 , t B2 split, each one of the time intervals is significantly longer as the others. These time intervals are referred to below as "long time intervals".
- the values of the light flux in the long time intervals of the individual segments are the table in Figure 15D in the "segment light level" line.
- the yellow and green segments S Y , S G have a constant luminous flux of 80% during the long time interval.
- the magenta and red segments S M , S R have a luminous flux of 120% during the long time interval while the cyan segment S C has a luminous flux of 80% during the long time interval and the blue segment S B has a luminous flux of 120% during the long time interval.
- At the end of each segment is a short period of time during which the light level is lowered more than the long time interval.
- the light flux is at a value of 40%, in the magenta and the red segment S M , S R to a value of 60%, in the cyan segment S C ,. a value of 40% and lowered in the blue segment S B to a value of 60%. Furthermore, at the end of the magenta segment S M and at the end of the cyan segment S C, a communication takes place, which is symbolized by arrows and is in each case linked to a light flux raised in relation to the long time interval.
- segment sizes of the different colors are as in the table Figure 15D in the row "segment size" are not identical, but are at the yellow and the green segment S Y , S G a value of 60 °, in the magenta segment S M a value of 40 °, in the red segment S R has a value of 70 °, in the case of the cyan segment S C a value of 62 ° and in the blue segment S B a value of 68 °. These values are matched to the light curve 3.
- the segments S R , S G , S B are associated with the colors red, green and blue, such as in the Figures 14 and 15A shown usually finds a filter wheel 6 with two red, two blue and two green filters application.
- the filters are preferably arranged in the order of red, green, blue, red, green, blue.
- the sizes of the individual color filter segments can be the same (60 ° for all six filters) or different, matched to the light curve used 3.
- the filter wheel can alternatively consist of only one red, one blue and one green filter.
- FIGS. 15E . 15F and 15G the functions of the individual time intervals within the segments S R , S G , S B explained in more detail by way of example.
- the light curve 3 according to the FIG. 15E includes like the light curve 3 according to the Figure 15A a periodic sequence of a segment S B , which is associated with the color blue, a segment S R , which is associated with the color red and a segment S G , which is associated with the color green.
- Each segment S R , S G , S B has a duration of approximately 1500 ⁇ s.
- the time interval t B , the time interval t R and the time interval t G which are assigned to the respective segment S R , S G , S B , therefore have the same length.
- the light curve 3 in each case has a constant value.
- the light curve 3 has a value of about 95%, during the time interval t R a value of about 100% and during the time interval t G a value of about 110%.
- the light flux of the illumination device is adapted such that a display system with this illumination device has a desired color temperature.
- the light curve 3 shows by way of example short time intervals t B2 , t B3 , t R2 , t G1 , t G2 , t G3 at the end of each segment S R , S G , S B , similar to those already mentioned above in connection with FIG Figure 15A have been described.
- the light curve 3 is in turn composed of a periodic sequence of a segment S B , which is associated with the color blue, a segment S R , which is associated with the color red and a segment S G , which is associated with the color green together.
- the time interval t B , t R , t G of each segment is divided here into three time intervals of a long time interval t 1B , t 1R , t 1G at the beginning of each segment S R , S G , S B and two short time intervals t B2 , t B3 , t R2 , t G1 , t G2 , t G3 respectively to the end of each segment S R , S G , S B.
- the short time intervals t B2 , t B3 , t R2 , t G1 , t G2 , t G3 the light flux of the light curve 3 and thus the alternating current through the gas discharge lamp are lowered stepwise.
- the segment S B associated with the color blue is described here.
- the light curve 3 has a value of approximately 110%.
- the light curve 3 is a value of about 55%, while the value of the light curve 3 is lowered to about 30% in the time interval t B3 following the time interval t B2 is.
- the time interval t B1 has a duration of approximately 1300 ⁇ s, while the time intervals t B2 and T B3 each have a duration of approximately 10 ⁇ s.
- the remaining segments S R , S G of the light curve are constructed identically, as the segment S B , which is associated with the color blue.
- the lowering of the light curve 3 during the short time intervals t B2 , t B3 , t R2 , t G1 , t G2 , t G3 serves to improve the color depth of the display system in which the illumination device is used.
- the light curve 3 according to the FIG. 15G shows the two on the basis of FIGS. 15E and 15F already explained light curve shapes together in a light curve 3, as they can find application in a lighting device.
- the description of the short segments t B2 , t B3 , t R2 , t G1 , t G2 , t G3 at the end of each segment S R , S G , S B of FIG. 15F is for the short time intervals t B2 , t B3 , t R2 , t G1 , t G2 , t G3 of the FIG. 15G valid during the long time intervals t B1 , t R2 , t G3 of each segment S R , S G , S B the value according to the light curve 3 of the FIG. 15E equivalent.
- the amperage-illuminance characteristic of the embodiment according to FIG. 16 is approximately linear. It indicates a current in percent on the y-axis and a light level in percent on the y-axis.
- the amperage-luminous intensity characteristic which can also be stored in the operating device 2 of the lighting device 10, 11, it is possible that with changed lamp operating parameters, such as the current intensity, the brightness of the light source 1, 1R, 1G, 1B of the lighting device 10, 11 is maintained at the predetermined by the light curve 3 illuminance. Due to the correlation over the characteristic curve, the specification in the light curve can be converted directly into an alternating current for the gas discharge lamp. The different plateuas of the light curve are thereby converted into respective partial half-waves, the commutation points being selected by the operating device 2 on the basis of synchronization specifications of video electronics in the lighting device 10.
- the circuit shown represents an example of a circuit arrangement 21 for carrying out the method according to the invention, which forms part of the operating device 2.
- This circuit 21 is divided into the following blocks: power supply SV, full bridge VB, ignition Z, and control part C.
- the blocks SV, VB, C and Z can be constructed identically as corresponding blocks in conventional circuit arrangements.
- the power supply regulates the power of the gas discharge lamp, whereby the lamp voltage adjusts.
- the lamp power with the corresponding lamp voltage is applied to the full bridge, which generates a rectangular lamp power, which is applied to the gas discharge lamp.
- the Gl is started by means of a Resosnanzzündung through the two lamp inductors L2 and L3 and the capacitor C2, which thus simultaneously form the ignition Z.
- the execution in Fig. 17 is only an example.
- the control part C which controls the full bridge and the power supply, can be constructed as an analog controller, but the control part C is preferably a digital controller, which particularly preferably has a microcontroller.
- circuit diagram is merely schematic and not all control and sensor lines are shown.
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Description
Verfahren und elektronisches Betriebsgerät zum Betreiben einer Gasentladungslampe sowie Projektor.Method and electronic operating device for operating a gas discharge lamp and projector.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und ein elektronisches Betriebsgerät zum Betreiben einer Gasentladungslampe mit einem Gasentladungslampenbrenner und einer ersten und einer zweiten Elektrode, wobei die Elektroden vor ihrer ersten Inbetriebnahme einen nominellen Elektrodenabstand im Gasentladungslampenbrenner aufweisen, der mit der Lampenspannung korreliert ist.The invention relates to a method and an electronic operating device for operating a gas discharge lamp with a gas discharge lamp burner and a first and a second electrode, wherein the electrodes have a nominal electrode spacing in the gas discharge lamp burner, which is correlated with the lamp voltage before their first startup.
Gasentladungslampen werden in jüngerer Zeit aufgrund ihrer hohen Effizienz vermehrt anstelle von Glühlampen eingesetzt. Dabei sind Hochdruckentladungslampen bezüglich ihrer Betriebsweise schwieriger zu handhaben als Niederdruck-Entladungslampen, und die elektronischen Betriebsgeräte für diese Lampen sind daher aufwendiger.Recently, gas discharge lamps have increasingly been used instead of incandescent lamps because of their high efficiency. In this case, high-pressure discharge lamps are more difficult to handle with respect to their operation than low-pressure discharge lamps, and the electronic control gear for these lamps are therefore more expensive.
Üblicherweise werden Hochdruck-Entladungslampen mit einem niederfrequenten Rechteckstrom betrieben, was auch ,wackelnder Gleichstrombetrieb' genannt wird. Dabei wird ein im wesentlichen rechteckförmiger Strom mit einer Frequenz von üblicherweise 50Hz bis zu einigen kHz an die Lampe angelegt. Bei jedem Umschwingen zwischen positiver und negativer Spannung kommutiert die Lampe, da sich auch die Stromrichtung umkehrt und der Strom damit kurzzeitig zu null wird. Dieser Betrieb stellt sicher, dass die Elektroden der Lampe trotz eines Quasi-Gleichstrombetriebs gleichmäßig belastet werden.Usually, high-pressure discharge lamps are operated with a low-frequency rectangular current, which is also called "wobbly DC operation". In this case, a substantially rectangular current with a frequency of usually 50 Hz up to a few kHz is applied to the lamp. With each swing between positive and negative voltage, the lamp commutates, as the current direction reverses and the current thus briefly becomes zero. This operation ensures that the electrodes of the lamp are uniformly loaded despite a quasi-DC operation.
Gasentladungslampen werden z.B. für Displaysysteme erfolgreich eingesetzt, da sie eine hohe Leuchtdichte erzeugen können, die durch eine kostengünstige Optik weiterverarbeitet werden kann. Displaysysteme und deren Beleuchtungseinrichtungen sind beispielsweise in den Druckschriften
Die Farbtemperatur solcher Displaysysteme hängt in der Regel mit dem Farbort des Lichtes der Beleuchtungseinrichtung zusammen. Dieser ändert sich in der Regel mit den Betriebsparametern der Lichtquellen der Beleuchtungseinrichtung, wie beispielsweise Spannung, Stromstärke und Temperatur. Weiterhin ist abhängig von den in der Beleuchtungseinrichtung verwendeten Lichtquellen das Verhältnis zwischen Stromstärke und Lichtfluss nicht notwendigerweise linear. Dies führt bei Änderung der Stromstärke ebenfalls zu einer Änderung des Farbortes des Lichtes der Lichtquelle und damit zu einer Änderung der Farbtemperatur des Displaysystems.The color temperature of such display systems is generally associated with the color location of the light of the illumination device. This usually changes with the operating parameters of the light sources of the illumination device, such as voltage, current and temperature. Furthermore, depending on the light sources used in the illumination device, the ratio between current intensity and light flux is not necessarily linear. This leads to a change in the current also to a change in the color location of the light of the light source and thus to a change in the color temperature of the display system.
Weiterhin ist die Farbtiefe des Displaysystems durch die minimale Einschaltdauer eines Pixels begrenzt. Zur Erhöhung der Farbtiefe kann beispielsweise Dithering eingesetzt werden, bei dem einzelne Pixel mit einer geringeren Frequenz als der regulären Frequenz von 1/60 Hz geschalten werden. Hierbei kommt es allerdings in der Regel zu einem für den menschlichen Betrachter sichtbaren Rauschen.Furthermore, the color depth of the display system is limited by the minimum duty cycle of a pixel. To increase the color depth, it is possible, for example, to use dithering, in which individual pixels are switched at a frequency lower than the regular frequency of 1/60 Hz. However, this usually leads to a visible to the human observer noise.
Das Kontrastverhältnis des Displaysystems ist durch das Verhältnis des maximalen Lichtflusses bei vollständig geöffneten Lichtventilen zu minimalen Lichtfluss bei vollständig geschlossenen Lichtventilen definiert. Zur Erhöhung des Kontrastverhältnisses eines Displaysystems kann beispielsweise der minimale Lichtfluss bei vollständig geschlossenen Lichtventilen mittels einer mechanischen Blende weiter verringert werden. Eine mechanische Blende beansprucht jedoch Platz in der Beleuchtungseinrichtung oder dem Displaysystem, erhöht das Gewicht der Beleuchtungseinrichtung oder des Displaysystems und stellt außerdem eine zusätzliche potentielle Quelle für Störungen dar. Hochdruckentladungslampen, wie sie in solchen Displaysystemen eingesetzt werden, können auch gedimmt betrieben werden, jedoch wirft die gedimmte Betriebsweise Probleme bezüglich der Elektrodentemperatur und des Bogenansatzes der Hochdruckentladungslampe auf.The contrast ratio of the display system is defined by the ratio of maximum light flux with fully opened light valves to minimal light flux with fully closed light valves. To increase the contrast ratio of a display system, for example, the minimum light flux can be further reduced with completely closed light valves by means of a mechanical diaphragm. However, a mechanical shutter takes up space in the lighting device or display system, increases the weight of the lighting device or the display system, and also provides an additional potential source of noise. High intensity discharge lamps as used in such display systems can also be dimmed but thrown the dimmed Operation Problems related to the electrode temperature and the arc approach of the high pressure discharge lamp.
Der Bogenansatz ist beim Betrieb einer Gasentladungslampe mit Wechselstrom grundsätzlich problematisch. Beim Betrieb mit Wechselstrom wird während einer Kommutierung der Betriebsspannung eine Kathode zur Anode und umgekehrt eine Anode zur Kathode. Der Übergang Kathode-Anode ist prinzipbedingt unproblematisch, da die Temperatur der Elektrode keinen Einfluss auf ihren anodischen Betrieb hat. Beim Übergang Anode-Kathode hängt die Fähigkeit der Elektrode, einen ausreichend hohen Strom liefern zu können, von deren Temperatur ab. Ist diese zu niedrig, wechselt der Lichtbogen während der Kommutierung, meistens nach dem Nulldurchgang, von einer punktförmigen Bogenansatzbetriebsweise in eine diffuse Bogenansatzbetriebsweise. Dieser Wechsel geht mit einem oft sichtbaren Einbruch der Lichtemission einher, was als Flackern wahrgenommen werden kann.The bow approach is fundamentally problematic when operating a gas discharge lamp with alternating current. When operating with alternating current during commutation of the operating voltage, a cathode to the anode and vice versa an anode to the cathode. The transition cathode-anode is inherently unproblematic, since the temperature of the electrode has no influence on their anodic operation. In the anode-to-cathode transition, the ability of the electrode to supply a sufficiently high current depends on its temperature. If this is too low, the arc changes during the commutation, usually after the zero crossing, from a point-shaped Bogenansatzbetriebsweise in a diffuse Bogenansatzbetriebsweise. This change is accompanied by an often visible collapse of the light emission, which can be perceived as flickering.
Sinnvollerweise wird die Lampe also in punktförmiger Bogenansatzbetriebsweise betrieben, da der Bogenansatz hier sehr klein und damit sehr heiß ist. Das hat zur Folge, dass hier aufgrund der höheren Temperatur am kleinen Ansatzpunkt weniger Spannung benötigt wird, um ausreichend Strom liefern zu können. Eine Elektrodenspitze, die eine gleichmäßige Form mit einer nicht zerklüfteten Oberfläche aufweist, unterstützt die punktförmige Bogenansatzbetriebsweise und damit einen sicheren und zuverlässigen Betrieb der Gasentladungslampe.It makes sense that the lamp is thus operated in punctiform Bogenansatzbetriebsweise, since the bow approach here is very small and therefore very hot. As a result, due to the higher temperature at the small starting point, less voltage is required in order to be able to supply sufficient current. An electrode tip having a uniform shape with a non-fissured surface, supports the punctiform Bogenansatzbetriebsweise and thus safe and reliable operation of the gas discharge lamp.
Als Kommutierung wird im folgenden der Vorgang betrachtet, bei dem die Polarität der Spannung der Gasentladungslampe wechselt, und bei dem daher eine starke Strom- oder Spannungsänderung auftritt. Bei einer im wesentlichen symmetrischen Betriebsweise der Lampe befindet sich bei der Mitte der Kommutierungszeit der Spannungs- oder Stromnulldurchgang. Hierbei ist zu bemerken, dass die Spannungskommutierung üblicherweise immer schneller abläuft als die Stromkommutierung.In the following, commutation is the process in which the polarity of the voltage of the gas discharge lamp changes, and therefore a strong current or voltage change occurs. In a substantially symmetrical operation of the lamp is at the middle of the commutation of the voltage or current zero crossing. It should be noted that the voltage commutation usually always runs faster than the current commutation.
Als Elektrodenende wird im Folgenden das innere, in den Entladungsraum des Gasentladungslampenbrenners stehende Ende der Lampenelektrode bezeichnet. Als Elektrodenspitze wird eine auf dem Elektrodenende sitzende Nadel- oder Höckerförmige Erhebung bezeichnet, deren Ende als Ansatzpunkt für den Lichtbogen dient.In the following, the inner end of the lamp electrode, which is in the discharge space of the gas-discharge lamp burner, is referred to as the electrode end. The electrode tip is a needle-shaped or hump-shaped elevation on the end of the electrode, the end of which serves as a starting point for the arc.
Ein großes Problem von Hochdruckentladungslampen stellt die Veränderung bzw. Verformung der Elektroden über die gesamte Lebensdauer dar. Dabei ändert sich die Form der Elektrode weg von der Idealform hin zu einer mehr und mehr zerklüfteten Oberfläche vor allem am inneren Ende der Elektrode. Überdies besteht die Gefahr, dass Elektrodenspitzen entstehen, die nicht in der Mitte der jeweiligen Elektrode angeordnet sind. Der Entladungsbogen bildet sich immer von Elektrodenspitze zu Elektrodenspitze. Gibt es mehrere etwa gleichberechtigte Elektrodenspitzen auf einer Elektrode, so kann es zu einem Bogenspringen und damit zu einem Flickern der Lampe kommen. Nicht mittig aufgewachsene Elektrodenspitzen verschlechtern die optische Abbildung, da die Optik eines Projektors oder einer Leuchte, in den/die eine derartige Entladungslampe eingesetzt ist, auf eine spezifische Lage des Entladungsbogens ausgelegt und insbesondere auf den Anfangszustand der Elektroden und des Entladungsbogens eingestellt ist. In bestimmten Fällen kann es zu einem ungleichmäßigem Aufwachsen der Elektrodenspitzen kommen, so dass der Lichtbogen nicht mehr mittig, sondern axial verschoben im Brennergefäß angeordnet ist. Dies verschlechtert die optische Abbildung des Gesamtsystems ebenso. Die Zerklüftung hingegen führt zu einer Vergrößerung des ursprünglichen Elektrodenabstands und beeinflusst damit auch die Lampenspannung. Da diese proportional zum Abstand steigt, kann es zu einer verfrühten Lebensdauerabschaltung kommen, da diese gewöhnlich anspricht, wenn die Lampenspannung einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert überschreitet. Zusammenfassend ergibt sich eine Reduktion der Lampenlebensdauer und der Qualität des von der Lampe emittierten Lichts.A major problem of high-pressure discharge lamps is the change or deformation of the electrodes over the entire service life. In this case, the shape of the electrode changes away from the ideal shape towards a more and more fissured surface, especially at the inner end of the electrode. Moreover, there is a risk that electrode tips are formed which are not arranged in the middle of the respective electrode. The discharge arc always forms from electrode tip to electrode tip. If there are several approximately equal electrode tips on an electrode, it can lead to a bow jump and thus to a flicker of the lamp. Non-centrally grown electrode tips degrade the optical image, since the optics of a projector or a lamp in which / or such a discharge lamp is used, designed for a specific position of the discharge arc and in particular to the initial state of the electrodes and the discharge arc is set. In certain cases, uneven growth of the electrode tips may occur, so that the arc is no longer centered, but axially displaced in the burner vessel. This deteriorates the optical image of the entire system as well. By contrast, the fracture leads to an increase in the original electrode spacing and thus also influences the lamp voltage. Since this increases in proportion to the distance, a premature life shutdown can occur, as it usually responds when the lamp voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold. In summary, there is a reduction in the lamp life and the quality of the light emitted by the lamp.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind gegenwärtig keine Lösungen für diese Problematiken bekannt. Lediglich ergänzend wird verwiesen auf die
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Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und ein elektronisches Betriebsgerät zum Betreiben einer Gasentladungslampe mit einem Gasentladungslampenbrenner und einer ersten und einer zweiten Elektrode anzugeben, wobei die Elektroden vor ihrer ersten Inbetriebnahme einen nominellen Elektrodenabstand im Gasentladungslampenbrenner aufweisen, und die Gasentladungslampe beim Betrieb des elektronischen Betriebsgerätes mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die oben genannte Problematik nicht mehr aufweist. Es ist ebenfalls Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Projektor anzugeben, der solch ein elektronisches Betriebsgerät aufweist.It is an object of the invention to provide a method and an electronic operating device for operating a gas discharge lamp with a gas discharge lamp burner and a first and a second electrode, wherein the electrodes have a nominal electrode spacing in the gas discharge lamp burner before their first commissioning, and the gas discharge lamp during operation of the electronic control gear with the method according to the invention no longer has the above-mentioned problem. It is also an object of the invention to provide a projector having such an electronic control gear.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe bezüglich des Verfahrens erfolgt erfindungsgemäß mit einem Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gasentladungslampe mit einem Gasentladungslampenbrenner und einer ersten und einer zweiten Elektrode, wobei die Elektroden vor ihrer ersten Inbetriebnahme einen nominellen Elektrodenabstand im Gasentladungslampenbrenner aufweisen, der mit der Spannung der Gasentladungslampe korreliert ist, und die Gasentladungslampe im Normalbetrieb mit einem niederfrequenten rechteckförmigen Lampenstrom betrieben wird, folgende Schritte umfassend:
- a) Prüfen, ob eine Sperrzeit, die der Zeitdauer zwischen zwei Gleichspannungsphasen entspricht, abgelaufen ist, wobei die Gleichspannungsphasen aus dem Auslassen von wenigen Kommutierungen bestehen,
- b) wenn die Sperrzeit abgelaufen ist, Auslassen von Kommutierungen oder Anlegen von Pseudokommutierungen für eine vorbestimmte Zeitdauer,wobei Pseudokommutierungen zwei schnell hintereinander ausgeführte Kommutierungen darstellen,
die vorbestimmte Zeitdauer von der Lampenspannung abhängt, dergestalt, dass für jede Lampenspannung entweder bei Lampenspannungen oberhalb einer oberen Lampenspannungsschwelle eine Zeitdauer des Auslassens von Kommutierungen/Anlegens von Pseudokommutierungen vorbestimmt ist, oder wobei die Zeitdauer (VT) auch durch eine Änderung der Lampenspannung während der Gleichspannungsphasen bestimmt ist, oder die Bestimmung der Zeitdauer (VT) beide genannten Alternativen abhängig von der Lampenspannung umfasst.According to the invention, the object of the method is achieved by a method for operating a gas discharge lamp with a gas discharge lamp burner and a first and a second electrode, the electrodes having a nominal electrode spacing in the gas discharge lamp burner, which is correlated with the voltage of the gas discharge lamp, before being put into operation for the first time. and the gas discharge lamp is operated in normal operation with a low-frequency rectangular lamp current, comprising the following steps:
- a) checking whether a blocking time, which corresponds to the time duration between two DC voltage phases, has elapsed, the DC voltage phases consisting of omitting a few commutations,
- b) if the blocking time has expired, omitting commutations or applying pseudo-commutations for a predetermined period of time, wherein pseudo-commutations represent two commutations carried out in quick succession,
the predetermined period of time depends on the lamp voltage, such that for each lamp voltage, either at lamp voltages above an upper lamp voltage threshold, a duration of omitting commutations / applying pseudo commutations is predetermined or wherein the time duration (VT) is also determined by a change in the lamp voltage during the DC voltage phases, or the determination of the time duration (VT) includes both said alternatives depending on the lamp voltage.
Wenn die Länge Zeitdauer abhängig von der Spannung der Gasentladungslampe ist, so kann eine gute Regelgenauigkeit erzielt werden, und die Formung der Elektroden ist besonders effizient. Dabei beträgt die Länge der ersten Zeitdauer bevorzugt zwischen 0 ms und 200 ms, die Länge der zweiten Zeitdauer bevorzugt zwischen 2 ms und 500 ms, und die Länge der dritten Zeitdauer bevorzugt zwischen 5 ms und 500 ms. Die Zeitdauern können je nach Lampentyp innerhalb dieses Bereiches präzisiert werden, um eine besonders effiziente Formung der Elektroden zu gewährleisten.If the length of time is dependent on the voltage of the gas discharge lamp, good control accuracy can be achieved and the formation of the electrodes is particularly efficient. In this case, the length of the first time duration is preferably between 0 ms and 200 ms, the length of the second time duration preferably between 2 ms and 500 ms, and the length of the third time duration preferably between 5 ms and 500 ms. The durations can be specified within this range depending on the type of lamp in order to ensure a particularly efficient shaping of the electrodes.
In einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Länge der Gleichspannungsphasen bestimmt durch die Änderung beziehungsweise den Anstieg der Lampenspannung in diesen Gleichspannungsphasen.In another preferred embodiment, the length of the DC voltage phases is determined by the change or the increase of the lamp voltage in these DC voltage phases.
Falls das Anstiegskriterium nicht erfüllt sein sollte ist eine maximale Dauer der Gleichspannungsphasen vorgegeben, die z.B. wie in der vorhergehenden Ausführungsform wiederum von der Spannung der Gasentladungslampe abhängen kann. Durch diese Maßnahme wird die Genauigkeit der Elektrodenregelung deutlich erhöht, und damit die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines zu hohen Energieeintrages reduziert.If the rise criterion should not be met, a maximum duration of the DC voltage phases, e.g. as in the previous embodiment may in turn depend on the voltage of the gas discharge lamp. By this measure, the accuracy of the electrode control is significantly increased, and thus reduces the likelihood of excessive energy input.
Wenn der vorbestimmte zeitliche Abstand der Gleichspannungsphasen zwischen 180s und 900s beträgt, werden die Elektroden nicht über Gebühr belastet, und die Lebensdauer der Gasentladungslampe wird nicht beeinträchtigt.When the predetermined time interval of the DC voltage phases is between 180s and 900s, the electrodes are not excessively loaded and the life of the gas discharge lamp is not impaired.
Eine obere Lampenspannungsschwelle beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 60V und 110V, eine untere Lampenspannungsschwelle beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 45V und 85V, insbesondere zwischen 55V und 75V. Die Lampenspannungsschwellen können je nach Lampentyp innerhalb dieses Bereiches präzisiert werden, um das Verfahren auf diesen Lampentyp hin optimieren zu können.An upper lamp voltage threshold is preferably between 60V and 110V, a lower lamp voltage threshold is preferably between 45V and 85V, in particular between 55V and 75V. Depending on the lamp type, the lamp voltage thresholds can be specified within this range in order to be able to optimize the process for this type of lamp.
Der Betrieb der Gasentladungslampe mit einem Wechselstrom, auf dessen Halbwellen ein Puls höherer Stromstärke aufmoduliert wird, der zwischen 50 µs und 1500 µs lang ist, unterstützt die Formung der Elektroden durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und macht es noch effizienter.The operation of the gas discharge lamp with an alternating current on whose half-waves a pulse of higher current intensity is modulated, which is between 50 μs and 1500 μs long, supports the shaping of the electrodes by the method according to the invention and makes it even more efficient.
Die Länge der Gleichspannungsphase wird bevorzugt dadurch eingestellt, dass eine Halbwelle des angelegten Wechselstroms aus mehreren Teilhalbwellen besteht, wobei ein Teil der Kommutierungen oder alle Kommutierungen zwischen zwei Halbwellen durch eine kurz darauf erfolgende weitere Kommutierung wieder rückgängig gemacht wird.The length of the DC voltage phase is preferably set by a half-wave of the applied alternating current consisting of several partial half-waves, wherein a part of the commutations or all commutations between two half-waves is undone by a subsequent commutation thereafter.
Durch diese Maßnahme können Gleichspannungsphasen erzeugt werden, deren Länge ein Vielfaches einer Teilhalbwelle beträgt. Durch eine statistische Verteilung verschiedener Längen der Gleichspannungsphasen können im Mittel beliebige Längen der Gleichspannungsphasen erzeugt werden und der Energieeintrag in die Elektroden somit genau gesteuert werden. Während der Gleichspannungsphasen kann der Strom nur in eine Richtung fließen, oder aber es wird in der Gleichspannungsphase einmal umgepolt und der Strom fließt während der Gleichspannungsphasen in beide Richtungen. Hierbei kann der Energieeintrag in jede Richtung gleichverteilt sein, oder aber der Energieeintrag kann zugunsten einer Stromrichtung erfolgen, so dass eine Lampenelektrode stärker aufgeheizt wird als die andere. Wenn der Strom während einer Gleichspannungsphase nur in eine Richtung fließt, so kann er in der darauffolgenden Gleichspannungsphase in die andere Richtung fließen. Es sind aber auch Konstellationen denkbar bei denen in den ersten zwei Gleichspannungsphasen der Strom in eine Richtung fließt, und während der darauffolgenden zwei Gleichspannungsphasen der Strom in die andere Richtung fließt. Auch hier ist ein bevorzugter Energieeintrag in eine Elektrode möglich, so dass z.B. während der ersten zwei Gleichspannungsphasen der Strom in eine Richtung fließt, während der dritten Gleichspannungsphase der Strom in die andere Richtung fließt, und während der vierten und fünften Gleichspannungsphasen der Strom wieder in die erste Richtung fließt.By this measure DC voltage phases can be generated whose length is a multiple of a partial half-wave. By means of a statistical distribution of different lengths of the DC voltage phases, on average any desired length of the DC voltage phases can be generated and the energy input into the electrodes can thus be precisely controlled. During the DC voltage phases, the current can only flow in one direction, or it is reversed once in the DC phase and the current flows in both directions during the DC voltage phases. Here, the energy input in each direction can be distributed uniformly, or the energy input can be done in favor of a current direction, so that one lamp electrode is heated more than the other. If the current flows only in one direction during a DC voltage phase, it can flow in the other direction in the subsequent DC phase. However, constellations are also conceivable in which the current flows in one direction in the first two DC voltage phases, and the current flows in the other direction during the subsequent two DC voltage phases. Again, a preferred energy input into an electrode is possible, so that e.g. during the first two DC voltage phases the current flows in one direction, during the third DC voltage phase the current flows in the other direction, and during the fourth and fifth DC voltage phases the current flows again in the first direction.
Wenn die verschiedenen Teilhalbwellen einer Halbwelle unterschiedliche Stromstärken an die Gasentladungslampe anlegen, kann das Verfahren noch verfeinert werden, und der gewünschte gemittelte Energieeintrag in die Elektrode in kürzerer Zeit eingebracht werden.If the different half-waves of a half-wave apply different currents to the gas-discharge lamp, the process can be refined even further. and introducing the desired average energy input into the electrode in a shorter time.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe bezüglich des Betriebsgerätes erfolgt erfindungsgemäß mit einem elektronischen Betriebsgerät, dass ein Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Merkmale ausführt. Durch diese Maßnahme wird das Betriebsgerät in die Lage versetzt, die Gasentladungslampe optimal zu pflegen.The solution of the task with respect to the operating device is carried out according to the invention with an electronic operating device that performs a method according to one or more of the aforementioned features. By this measure, the operating device is enabled to optimally maintain the gas discharge lamp.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe bezüglich des Projektors erfolgt erfindungsgemäß mit einem Projektor mit einem elektronischen Betriebsgerät wobei der Projektor ausgelegt ist, während der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ein Bild zu projizieren, ohne dass dem Bild die Durchführung des Verfahrens anzusehen ist. Durch diese Maßnahme kann das Verfahren jederzeit ausgeführt werden, ohne den laufenden Betrieb zu beeinflussen, und damit kann die Lampe zu jeder Zeit gepflegt werden.The solution of the object with respect to the projector according to the invention is carried out with a projector with an electronic operating device wherein the projector is designed to project an image during the implementation of the method according to the invention, without the image, the implementation of the method is to be considered. By doing so, the process can be carried out at any time without affecting the operation, and thus the lamp can be maintained at any time.
Weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und elektronischen Betriebsgerätes zum Betreiben einer Gasentladungslampe ergeben sich aus weiteren abhängigen Ansprüchen und aus der folgenden Beschreibung.Further advantageous developments and refinements of the method according to the invention and electronic operating device for operating a gas discharge lamp will become apparent from further dependent claims and from the following description.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich anhand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen sowie anhand der Zeichnungen, in welchen gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente mit identischen Bezugszeichen versehen sind. Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Graphen zur Darstellung des Zusammenhangs der Dauer einer an die Gasentladungslampe angelegten Gleichspannungsphase, der Sperrzeit zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Gleichspannungsphasen und der maximalen Spannungsänderung der Lampenspannung in Abhängigkeit der Lampenspannung für eine erste und zweite Ausführungsform des Betriebsverfahrens;
- Fig. 2
- einen Graphen, der eine zweite Ausführungsform des Betriebsverfahrens veranschaulicht;
- Fig. 3
- eine Darstellung eines Elektrodenpaares vor und nach der Optimierung durch das Verfahren in der zweiten Ausführungsform;
- Fig. 4
- Den Verlauf von Lampenspannung und Lampenstrom während einer Gleichspannungsphase mit unterschiedlicher zeitlicher Auflösung;
- Fig. 5
- den Verlauf des Lampenstroms bei einer Betriebsweise mit Maintenancepulsen;
- Fig. 6a
- einen Graphen, bei dem der Zusammenhang zwischen der Lampenspannung und der Kommutierfrequenz in einer ersten Ausbildung der dritten Ausführungsform des Betriebsverfahrens dargestellt ist;
- Fig. 6b
- einen Graphen, bei dem der Zusammenhang zwischen der Lampenspannung und der Kommutierfrequenz in einer zweiten Ausbildung der dritten Ausführungsform des Betriebsverfahrens dargestellt ist;
- Fig. 6c
- eine Kurvenform des Lampenstroms für die zweite Ausbildung der dritten Ausführungsform des Betriebsverfahrens;
- Fig. 7
- einen Signalflussgraphen zur schematischen Darstellung einer vierten Ausführungsform eines Betriebsverfahrens;
- Fig. 8
- den zeitlichen Verlauf der Lampenspannung nach dem Einschalten einer Entladungslampe;
- Fig. 9
- den zeitlichen Verlauf der Leistung P bezogen auf die nominelle Leistung Pnom während eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsverfahrens;
- Fig. 10
- den Zustand des vorderen Teils der Elektroden im Ausgangszustand (Fig. a)), nach dem Überschmelzen (Fig. b)), sowie das Wachstum der Elektrodenspitzen in der Anfangsphase (Fig. c)) und im Zustand abgeschlossener Regeneration (Fig. d)); und
- Fig. 11
- den zeitlichen Verlauf des Lampenstroms und der Lampenspannung bei Ansteuerung mit asymmetrischem Strom-Dutycyle während der Überschmelzphase.
- Fig. 12
- schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Beleuchtungseinrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens,
- Fig. 13,
- eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Displaysystems,
- Figur 14,
- ein schematisches Diagramm einer Lichtkurve, die bei dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel des Displaysystems verwendet ist,
- Fig. 15A-C
- schematische Diagramme von drei beispielhaften Lichtkurven zum Betrieb einer Beleuchtungseinrichtung gemäß dem Betriebsverfahren der fünften Ausführungsform,
- Fig. 15D,
- eine tabellarische Darstellung der Lichtkurve aus
Figur 15C , und - Fig. 15E-G,
- schematische Diagramme dreier weiterer beispielhaften Lichtkurven zur exemplarische Erläuterung des Aufbaus einer Lichtkurve,
- Figur 16,
- ein schematisches Diagramm einer beispielhaften Stromstärken-Beleuchtungsstärken-Kennlinie einer Lichtquelle zum Betrieb einer Beleuchtungseinrichtung gemäß der Erfindung.
- Fig. 17
- einen schematischen Stromlaufplan einer beispielhaften Schaltungsanordnung zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsverfahrens.
- Fig. 1
- a graph showing the relationship of the duration of a voltage applied to the gas discharge lamp DC voltage phase, the blocking time between two consecutive DC voltage phases and the maximum voltage change of the lamp voltage as a function of the lamp voltage for a first and second embodiment of the operating method;
- Fig. 2
- a graph illustrating a second embodiment of the method of operation;
- Fig. 3
- a representation of a pair of electrodes before and after the optimization by the method in the second embodiment;
- Fig. 4
- The course of lamp voltage and lamp current during a DC voltage phase with different temporal resolution;
- Fig. 5
- the course of the lamp current in a mode with maintenance pulses;
- Fig. 6a
- a graph in which the relationship between the lamp voltage and the commutation frequency in a first embodiment of the third embodiment of the operating method is shown;
- Fig. 6b
- a graph in which the relationship between the lamp voltage and the commutation frequency is shown in a second embodiment of the third embodiment of the operating method;
- Fig. 6c
- a waveform of the lamp current for the second embodiment of the third embodiment of the operating method;
- Fig. 7
- a signal flow graph for schematically illustrating a fourth embodiment of an operating method;
- Fig. 8
- the time course of the lamp voltage after switching on a discharge lamp;
- Fig. 9
- the time course of the power P relative to the nominal power P nom during an embodiment of the operating method according to the invention;
- Fig. 10
- the state of the front part of the electrodes in the initial state (Figure a)), after the overmelting (Figure b)), and the growth of the electrode tips in the initial phase (Figure c)) and in the state of completed regeneration (Figure d) ); and
- Fig. 11
- the time course of the lamp current and the lamp voltage when driven with asymmetric current duty cycle during the overmolding phase.
- Fig. 12
- schematic representation of an embodiment of a lighting device for carrying out the method,
- Fig. 13,
- a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of a display system,
- FIG. 14
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a light curve used in the first embodiment of the display system; FIG.
- Fig. 15A-C
- schematic diagrams of three exemplary light curves for operating a lighting device according to the operating method of the fifth embodiment,
- Fig. 15D,
- a tabular representation of the light curve from
FIG. 15C , and - FIGS. 15E-G,
- schematic diagrams of three further exemplary light curves for exemplifying the structure of a light curve,
- FIG. 16,
- a schematic diagram of an exemplary amperage-illuminance characteristic of a light source for operating a lighting device according to the invention.
- Fig. 17
- a schematic circuit diagram of an exemplary circuit arrangement for carrying out the operating method according to the invention.
Im Folgenden wird erläutert, was eine Gleichspannungsphase ist: Gleichspannungsphasen bestehen aus dem Auslassen von wenigen Kommutierungen. Diese Auslassungen werden so platziert, dass die Elektroden jeweils immer nur wechselseitig belastet werden, dass heißt einmal wirkt die eine Elektrode während einer Gleichspannungsphase als Anode, dann wirkt nach einer Pause mit normalem Lampenbetrieb die andere Elektrode während einer Gleichspannungsphase als Anode. Die Frequenz an sich wird nicht verändert. Bei einer positiven Gleichspannungsphase wird immer nur eine erste Elektrode der Gasentladungslampe aufgeheizt, bei einer negativen Gleichspannungsphase wird immer nur eine zweite Elektrode der Gasentladungslampe aufgeheizt. Da eine positive Gleichspannungsphase immer nur auf die erste Elektrode und eine negative Gleichspannungsphasen immer nur auf die zweite Elektrode der Gasentladungslampe wirkt, können je nach Vorgehensweise verschiedene Zustände der Gasentladungslampenelektroden verändert werden. In einem alternativen Verfahren werden genau genommen keine Kommutierungen ausgelassen, sondern jede "normale" Kommutierung durch eine gleich auf sie folgende weitere Kommutierung "rückgängig" gemacht. Es werden also durch dieses Betriebsschema Pseudokommutierungen erzeugt, die im Prinzip eine Auslassung einer Kommutierung nachbilden, aber real zwei schnell hintereinander ausgeführte Kommutierungen darstellen. Dies ist aus technischen Gründen manchmal notwendig, um die das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ausführende Schaltungsanordnung einfacher gestalten zu können. Je nach Länge und den daraus resultierenden Energieeintrag der Gleichspannungsphasen können verschiedene physikalische Prozesse im Gasentladungslampenbrenner forciert werden. Die Gleichspannungsphasen werden also durch das Auslassen von Kommutierungen beziehungsweise durch Einfügen von Pseudokommutierungen erzeugt. In der zweiten Variante sind sie somit keine Gleichspannungsphasen im engeren Sinne, da zwischendurch die Spannung und somit die Stromrichtung pro Pseudokommutierung zwei mal umgepolt wird, und durchaus einige Pseudokommutierungen pro ,Gleichspannungsphase' auftreten können.The following explains what a DC voltage phase is: DC voltage phases consist of the omission of a few commutations. These omissions are placed so that the electrodes are always are only mutually charged, that is, once the one electrode acts as an anode during a DC voltage phase, then acts after a break with normal lamp operation, the other electrode during a DC voltage phase as the anode. The frequency itself is not changed. In a positive DC voltage phase always only a first electrode of the gas discharge lamp is heated, in a negative DC voltage phase, only a second electrode of the gas discharge lamp is always heated. Since a positive DC voltage phase always acts only on the first electrode and a negative DC voltage phase only on the second electrode of the gas discharge lamp, depending on the procedure, different states of the gas discharge lamp electrodes can be changed. In an alternative method, strictly speaking, no commutations are omitted, but each "normal" commutation is "undone" by a further commutation that immediately follows it. Thus, pseudo-commutations are generated by this operating scheme which, in principle, simulate an omission of a commutation, but in reality represent two commutations executed in quick succession. For technical reasons, this is sometimes necessary in order to be able to simplify the circuit arrangement implementing the method according to the invention. Depending on the length and the resulting energy input of the DC voltage phases, various physical processes can be forced in the gas discharge lamp burner. The DC voltage phases are thus generated by the omission of commutations or by inserting pseudo commutations. In the second variant, they are thus no DC voltage phases in the strict sense, since in between the voltage and thus the current direction per pseudo-commutation is reversed twice, and quite a few pseudo commutations per 'DC phase' can occur.
Sehr lange Gleichspannungsphasen mit hohem Energieeintrag schmelzen das gesamte Ende der betreffenden Elektrode für kurze Zeit auf. Während der kurzen Zeitdauer, in der das Elektrodenende flüssig ist, formt sich durch die Oberflächenspannung des Elektrodenmaterials das Ende kugelförmig oder oval ein. Die Elektrodenspitzen schmelzen ab und werden durch die Oberflächenspannung des Elektrodenmaterials neutralisiert. Daraus resultiert eine geringe Vergrößerung der Bogenlänge und damit der Lampenspannung durch die Rückbildung der Elektrodenspitzen.Very long DC voltage phases with high energy input melt the entire end of the respective electrode for a short time. During the short period of time in which the electrode end is liquid, the surface voltage of the electrode material forms the end in a spherical or oval shape. The electrode tips melt and are neutralized by the surface tension of the electrode material. This results in a small increase in the arc length and thus the lamp voltage by the regression of the electrode tips.
Kurze Gleichspannungsphasen bewirken lediglich ein Überschmelzen der Elektrodenspitzen, so dass die Form der Elektrodenspitzen beeinflusst werden kann. Dies wird dazu benutzt, die Elektrodenspitzen über die gesamte Brenndauer in möglichst optimaler Form zu halten, und eine definierte mittig ansetzende Spitze zu Erzeugen.Short DC voltage phases merely cause the electrode tips to overmelt, so that the shape of the electrode tips can be influenced. This is used to keep the electrode tips as optimally as possible over the entire burning time, and to produce a defined centering tip.
Ein sogenannter Maintenancepuls kann das Spitzenwachstum der Elektrodenspitze beschleunigen, und wird vorzugsweise nach einer langen Gleichspannungsphase angewandt, um auf das ovale oder runde Elektrodenende wieder eine Elektrodenspitze aufwachsen zu lassen, die einen guten Bogenansatzpunkt erzeugt. Als Maintenancepuls wird in diesem Zusammenhang ein kurzer Strompuls bezeichnet, der kurz vor oder kurz nach der Kommutierung an die Gasentladungslampe angelegt wird, um die Elektrode zu heizen. Die Länge des Maintenancepulses ist zwischen 50 µs und 1500 µs lang, wobei die Stromhöhe des Maintenancepulses größer ist als im stationären Betrieb. Damit wird ein Überschmelzen des äußeren Endes der Elektrodenspitze erreicht, deren thermische Trägheit eine Zeitkonstante von ca. 100 µs aufweist.A so-called maintenance pulse can accelerate the peak growth of the electrode tip, and is preferably applied after a long DC phase to re-grow on the oval or round end of the electrode an electrode tip that produces a good arc attachment point. In this context, the term maintenance pulse refers to a short current pulse which is applied to the gas discharge lamp shortly before or shortly after the commutation in order to heat the electrode. The length of the maintenance pulse is between 50 μs and 1500 μs long, wherein the current level of the maintenance pulse is greater than in stationary operation. This achieves an overmelting of the outer end of the electrode tip whose thermal inertia has a time constant of approximately 100 μs.
In einer ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Lampe in regelmäßigen Abständen immer mit einer Gleichspannungsphase beaufschlagt, deren Länge von der Lampenspannung abhängt. Auch die Abstände zwischen zwei Gleichspannungsphasen sind abhängig von der Lampenspannung. Das Verfahren verwendet nun die Kennlinie VT nach
Bei einer sehr geringen Lampenspannung, die normalerweise bei einer neuen Gasentladungslampe auftritt, und die den linken Teil der Kennlinie VT betrifft, werden verlängerte Gleichspannungsphasen an die Gasentladungslampe angelegt, um die aufwachsenden Elektrodenspitzen abzuschmelzen und den Elektrodenabstand nicht zu klein werden zu lassen. Je kleiner die Lampenspannung ist, desto länger sind die Gleichspannungsphasen. Die Gleichspannungsphasen werden unterhalb einer minimalen Lampenspannung an die Lampe angelegt. Der Bereich der minimalen Lampenspannung variiert je nach Lampentyp zwischen 45V-85V, insbesondere zwischen 55V-75V. Bei der Gasentladungslampe der vorliegenden Ausführungsform liegt die Minimalspannung bei 65V. Unterhalb 65V Lampenspannung werden also längere Gleichspannungsphasen an den Gasentladungslampenbrenner angelegt. Die Länge der Gleichspannungsphasen beträgt in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform bei 65V 40ms, wobei die Gleichspannungsphasen mit sinkender Spannung länger werden, um dann bei 60V eine Länge von 200ms zu erreichen. Die Länge der Gleichspannungsphasen kann je nach Lampentyp zwischen 5 ms und 500 ms variieren. Die Gleichspannungsphasen werden in regelmäßigen Abständen an die Gasentladungslampe angelegt. Die Abstände sind abhängig von der Lampenspannung, nicht jedoch kürzer als 180s. Bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform beträgt die Dauer zwischen zwei Gleichspannungsphasen (Sperrzeit OT) wie in
Bei einer optimalen Lampenspannung im mittleren Bereich der Kennlinie VT werden nur sehr kurze Gleichspannungsphasen an die Gasentladungslampe angelegt, die lediglich die Elektrodenspitzen kurz Anschmelzen und damit in Form halten. Die Häufigkeit der Gleichspannungsphasen ist in diesem Bereich minimal. Die Länge der Gleichspannungsphasen beträgt in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform etwa 40ms. Die Länge der Gleichspannungsphasen kann je nach Lampentyp zwischen 0 ms und 200 ms liegen. Bei manchen Lampentypen kann auf die Gleichspannungsphasen in diesem Bereich auch ganz verzichtet werden.With an optimum lamp voltage in the middle region of the characteristic curve VT only very short DC voltage phases are applied to the gas discharge lamp, which Just briefly melt the electrode tips and keep them in shape. The frequency of the DC voltage phases is minimal in this area. The length of the DC voltage phases is about 40 ms in the preferred embodiment. The length of the DC voltage phases can be between 0 ms and 200 ms depending on the lamp type. For some lamp types, the DC voltage phases in this area can be completely dispensed with.
Wird die Gasentladungslampe älter, so steigt die Lampenspannung an, bedingt durch den Rückbrand der Elektroden und den damit längeren Lichtbogen. Bei älteren Lampen ist die Gefahr groß, dass das Elektrodenende zerklüftet ist, und die Elektrodenspitzen nicht mehr mittig aufwachsen können. Daher werden lange und energiereiche Gleichspannungsphasen an den Gasentladungslampenbrenner angelegt, die die Elektrodenenden leicht Überschmelzen und damit eine möglichst glatte Elektrodenoberfläche erzeugen. Dies kann als ein Polieren der Form des Elektrodenendes angesehen werden. Die Gleichspannungsphasen werden mit zunehmender Lampenspannung auch immer häufiger an die Gasentladungslampe angelegt, wie der Kurve OT zu entnehmen ist. Ab einer oberen Spannungsschwelle können die Parameter konstant gehalten werden. Die Dauer der Gleichspannungsphasen variiert in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform von 40ms bei 75V bis zu 200ms bei 110V Lampenspannung des Gasentladungslampenbrenners. Die Dauer der Gleichspannungsphasen kann dabei je nach Lampentyp von 2ms bis zu 500ms variieren. Die Zeitspanne zwischen zwei Gleichspannungsphasen beträgt in der vorliegenden Ausführungsform 180s bei 60V lampenspannung, steigt dann auf 600s bei 65V Lampenspannung, und sinkt auf 300s bei 110V Lampenspannung. Die Zeitspanne zwischen zwei Gleichspannungsphasen kann je nach Lampentyp zwischen 180s und 900s variieren. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass die Dauer der Gleichspannungsphasen bei zunehmender Lampenspannung steigt, wobei die Gleichspannungsphasen mit zunehmender Lampenspannung und bei sehr geringer Lampenspannung häufiger an die Gasentladungslampe angelegt werden.If the gas discharge lamp gets older, the lamp voltage increases due to the burn-back of the electrodes and the longer arc. With older lamps, there is a high risk that the end of the electrode will rupture and the electrode tips will no longer be able to grow up in the middle. Therefore, long and high-energy DC voltage phases are applied to the gas discharge lamp burner, which easily over-melt the electrode ends and thus produce the smoothest possible electrode surface. This can be considered as a polishing of the shape of the electrode end. The DC voltage phases are also increasingly applied to the gas discharge lamp with increasing lamp voltage, as can be seen from the curve OT. From an upper voltage threshold, the parameters can be kept constant. The duration of the DC voltage phases in the preferred embodiment varies from 40ms at 75V up to 200ms at 110V lamp voltage of the gas discharge lamp burner. Depending on the lamp type, the duration of the DC voltage phases can vary from 2 ms to 500 ms. The time period between two DC voltage phases is 180s at 60V lamp voltage in the present embodiment, then rises to 600s at 65V lamp voltage, and decreases on 300s at 110V lamp voltage. The time span between two DC voltage phases can vary between 180s and 900s, depending on the lamp type. In summary, it can be said that the duration of the DC voltage phases increases with increasing lamp voltage, the DC voltage phases being applied more frequently to the gas discharge lamp with increasing lamp voltage and with very low lamp voltage.
In einer zweiten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird die Länge der Gleichspannungsphasen nicht über eine Kennlinie gesteuert, sondern die Länge der Gleichspannungsphasen wird über die Lampenspannung in der Gleichspannungsphase selbst geregelt. Die oben schon beschriebene Kurve VP beschreibt die maximale Spannungsänderung der Lampenspannung in der Gleichspannungsphase in Abhängigkeit von der Lampenspannung. Die Spannungsänderung wird während der Gleichspannungsphase gemessen. Dazu weist die das Verfahren ausführende Schaltungsanordnung eine Messeinrichtung auf, die die Lampenspannung vor der Gleichspannungsphase und vor allem die Änderung der Lampenspannung während einer Gleichspannungsphase messen kann. Die Änderung der Lampenspannung während der Gleichspannungsphase wird auf ein Abbruchkriterium hin ausgewertet, und die Gleichspannungsphase bei Erreichen des Abbruchkriteriums beendet.
In den im folgenden beschriebenen Verfahren wird eine Gleichspannungsphase, die bisher immer aus einer positiven Phase für die erste Elektrode und einer negativen Phase für die zweite Elektrode bestand, in diese zwei Phasen aufgeteilt, um unterschiedliche Zustände der beiden Lampenelektroden zu behandeln. In einer ersten Ausbildung der zweiten Ausführungsform, die zum Ausgleichen einer asymmetrischen Elektrodengeometrie geeignet ist, wird die Länge der Gleichspannungsphase für den zuvor berechneten Spannungsanstieg für die erste Elektrode bestimmt, und in einer darauffolgenden inversen Gleichspannungsphase auf die zweite Elektrode angewandt.In the method described below, a DC voltage phase, which has always been made up of a positive phase for the first electrode and a negative phase for the second electrode, is divided into these two phases so as to have different states to treat both lamp electrodes. In a first embodiment of the second embodiment, which is suitable for compensating an asymmetric electrode geometry, the length of the DC phase is determined for the previously calculated voltage rise for the first electrode and applied to the second electrode in a subsequent inverse DC phase.
In einer zweiten Ausbildung, die symmetrisch auf beide Elektroden wirkt, wird die Länge der Gleichspannungsphasen für jede Elektrode aus dem Spannungsanstieg während der Gleichspannungsphasen berechnet. Die Höhe des Spannungsanstiegs ist hierbei für beide Gleichspannungsphasen gleich.In a second embodiment, which acts symmetrically on both electrodes, the length of the DC voltage phases for each electrode is calculated from the voltage rise during the DC voltage phases. The magnitude of the voltage increase is the same for both DC voltage phases.
In einer dritten Ausbildung findet eine individuelle Elektrodenformung zur Zentrierung des Lichtbogens in der Brennerachse statt. In der dritten Ausbildung werden folgende Verfahrensschritte ausgeführt:In a third embodiment, an individual electrode forming takes place for centering the arc in the burner axis. In the third embodiment, the following method steps are carried out:
Im ersten Schritt wird die Länge der Elektrodenspitze gemäß der Relation:
In einem zweiten Schritt wird die Dauer oder der Spannungsanstieg der Gleichspannungsphase für die gewünschte Verschiebung des Elektrodenschwerpunktes proportional zur individuellen Länge der Elektrodenspitze berechnet:In a second step, the duration or the voltage increase of the DC voltage phase for the desired displacement of the electrode center of gravity is calculated proportional to the individual length of the electrode tip:
Für eine asymmetrische Elektrodengeometrie nach der ersten Ausbildung gilt:
Für eine symmetrische Elektrodengeometrie nach der zweiten Ausbildung gilt:
Durch die dritte Ausbildung der zweiten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens ergeben sich neue Vorteile, die die bisherigen Verfahren nach dem Stand der Technik nicht leisten können. Durch die Möglichkeit des asymmetrischen Einbringens von Energie in die jeweiligen Elektroden ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, den Elektrodensystemschwerpunkt zu zentrieren und in seiner zentrierten Lage über die Lebensdauer zu halten. Durch die zentrierte Lage des Elektrodenschwerpunkts innerhalb des Brennergefäßes ergibt sich eine stabilere und effektivere Lichtausbeute durch das optische System, das auf eine definierte Elektrodenlage hin berechnet wurde. Der Entladungsbogen bleibt die ganze Lebensdauer der Lampe über im Fokus. Dadurch, dass die Bogenansatzpunkte sich immer mittig auf der Elektrode befinden, ergibt sich ein durchschnittlicher Maximaler Abstand des Entladungsbogens von der Brennergefäßwand über die gesamte Lebensdauer, der eine Entglasung des Brennergefäßes wirksam vermindert. In einem fortgeschrittenen optischen System wäre es auch denkbar, dass das optische System seinen Gesamtwirkungsgrad durch eine Regelschleife, die die Elektrodenformungsmechanismen mit umfasst, optimieren und damit maximieren kann.By the third embodiment of the second embodiment of the method, there are new advantages that can not afford the previous methods of the prior art. The possibility of asymmetrically introducing energy into the respective electrodes affords the possibility of centering the electrode system center of gravity and of holding it in its centered position over the service life. The centered position of the center of gravity of the electrode within the burner vessel results in a more stable and effective light output by the optical system, which was calculated for a defined electrode position. The discharge arc remains in focus throughout the life of the lamp. The fact that the arc starting points are always centered on the electrode results in an average maximum distance of the discharge arc from the burner vessel wall over the entire service life, which effectively reduces devitrification of the burner vessel. In an advanced optical system, it would also be conceivable that the optical system can optimize and thus maximize its overall efficiency through a control loop that includes the electrode forming mechanisms.
Natürlich ist auch ein Verfahren denkbar, dass die erste Ausführungsform und die zweite Ausführungsform gemischt verwendet, um die Elektroden und die Elektrodenspitzen in optimalem Zustand zu erhalten. Eine Vorteilhafte Mischung könnte umfassen, dass bei Lampenspannungen unterhalb der unteren Lampenspannungsschwelle ein Verfahren der zweiten Ausführungsform verwendet wird, bei dem die Länge der Gleichspannungsphase durch die Lampenspannungsänderung während dieser Gleichspannungsphase bestimmt wird, und dass bei Lampenspannungen oberhalb der oberen Lampenspannungsschwelle ein Verfahren der ersten Ausführungsform verwendet wird, bei dem die Länge der Gleichspannungsphase berechnet oder durch eine Kennlinie vorgegeben wird.Of course, a method is also conceivable that the first embodiment and the second embodiment use mixed to obtain the electrodes and the electrode tips in an optimum state. An advantageous Mixture could include that at lamp voltages below the lower lamp voltage threshold, a method of the second embodiment is used, wherein the length of the DC phase is determined by the lamp voltage change during this DC phase and at lamp voltages above the upper lamp threshold, a method of the first embodiment is used, in which the length of the DC phase is calculated or given by a characteristic.
Die Gleichspannungsphasen werden also aus Halbwellen der normalen Betriebsfrequenz zusammengesetzt, so dass die höchste Betriebsfrequenz immer ein ganzzahliges oder gebrochenrationales Vielfaches der Frequenz der Gleichspannungsphasen beträgt.The DC voltage phases are thus composed of half-waves of the normal operating frequency, so that the highest operating frequency is always an integer or fractionally multiple of the frequency of the DC phases.
In einer dritten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens findet eine kontinuierliche Anpassung der Betriebsfrequenz in Abhängigkeit von der Lampenspannung statt. Dabei kann das Verfahren in verschiedenen Ausbildungen betrieben werden. In einer ersten Ausbildung der dritten Ausführungsform, die in
Um die Gasentladungslampe optimal zu betreiben, soll aber bei einer bestimmten Lampenspannung immer eine feste Betriebsfrequenz gefahren werden. Im vorliegenden Beispiel wird z.B. bei einer Lampenspannung zwischen 0V und 50V ein Lampenstrom mit einer Betriebsfrequenz von 100Hz an die Gasentladungslampe angelegt. Da die Betriebsfrequenz aber aufgrund obiger Randbedingungen nur einige diskrete Frequenzwerte annehmen kann, ist die Anpassung der Betriebsfrequenz an die Lampenspannung recht grob. Die höchste Betriebsfrequenz ist die Frequenz, bei der zu allen möglichen Kommutierungszeitpunkten auch eine Kommutierung durchgeführt wird. Diese Frequenz ist die höchste im System darstellbare Frequenz. Die möglichen Kommutierungszeitpunkte, die durch die oben erwähnten Randbedingungen z.B. eines Farbrades vorgegeben sind, werden wie oben schon erwähnt auch als Kommutierungsstellen bezeichnet.In order to operate the gas discharge lamp optimally, but should always be driven at a certain lamp voltage, a fixed operating frequency. In the present example, for example, at a lamp voltage between 0V and 50V, a lamp current with an operating frequency of 100Hz applied to the gas discharge lamp. However, since the operating frequency can only assume a few discrete frequency values due to the above boundary conditions, the adaptation of the operating frequency to the lamp voltage is quite rough. The highest operating frequency is the frequency at which commutation is also carried out for all possible commutation times. This frequency is the highest frequency that can be represented in the system. The possible commutation times, which are predetermined by the abovementioned boundary conditions, for example of a color wheel, are also referred to as commutation points, as already mentioned above.
In einer zweiten Ausbildung der dritten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird die Betriebsfrequenz der Gasentladungslampe anhand einer Kennlinie kontinuierlich angepasst. Die Kennlinie einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist in
Während eine bevorzugte Anwendung von Entladungslampen und damit des Verfahrens Projektoren sind, betrifft das Verfahren jedoch alle Arten von Entladungslampen, insbesondere beispielsweise auch Xenon-Autolampen. Es sei noch einmal darauf hingewiesen, dass für die Durchführung des Verfahrens die bisher zum Betreiben einer Entladungslampe verwendeten elektronischen Betriebsgeräte nicht auf eine höhere Belastung ausgelegt werden müssen, da das Strom-Zeit-Integral entscheidend ist, weshalb gegebenenfalls ein niedrigerer Strom einfach etwas länger angelegt wird.While a preferred application of discharge lamps and thus of the method are projectors, the method however relates to all types of discharge lamps, in particular, for example, xenon lamp lamps. It should be pointed out once again that for carrying out the method the electronic operating devices hitherto used for operating a discharge lamp do not have to be designed for a higher load, since the current-time integral is decisive, which is why a lower current may simply be applied a little longer becomes.
Die fünfte Ausführungsform bezieht sich auf ein Betriebsverfahren, das mir einem Betriebsgerät ausgeführt werden kann um in einer Beleuchtungseinrichtung neben der Elektrodenformung auch die Bildqualität zu verbessern. Die Beleuchtungseinrichtung 10 gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Weiterhin umfasst die Beleuchtungseinrichtung 10 gemäß der
Die Lichtkurve 3 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der
Das erste Segment SB der Lichtkurve der
An das erste Segment SB schließt sich ein zweites Segment SR an, das der Farbe Rot zugeordnet ist und eine Dauer von tR aufweist. Während eines ersten Zeitintervalls tR1 des Zeitintervalls tR beträgt der Lichtfluss der Beleuchtungseinrichtung 10, 11 kurzfristig ca. 150 %, während der Lichtfluss in einem zweiten Zeitintervall tR2, das sich an das erste Zeitintervall tR1 direkt anschließt und mit diesem das Zeitintervall tR ausbildet, ca. 105 % beträgt. Das Zeitintervall tR1 ist hierbei deutlich kürzer als das Zeitintervall tR2. Das Zeitintervall tR1 beträgt vorliegend ca. 100 µs, während das Zeitintervall tR2 vorliegend ca. 1200 µs beträgt.The first segment S B is followed by a second segment S R , which is associated with the color red and has a duration of t R. During a first time interval t R1 of the time interval t R , the light flux of the
An das zweite Segment SR schließt sich ein drittes Segment SG an, das der Farbe Grün zugeordnet ist und eine Dauer tG von ebenfalls ca. 1300 µs aufweist. Auch das Zeitintervall tG teilt sich wie das Zeitintervall tR in zwei Zeitintervalle tG1 und tG2 auf, wobei das erste Zeitintervall tG1 deutlich länger ist als das zweite Zeitintervall tG2. Das erste Zeitintervall tG1 beträgt vorliegend ca. 1200 µs, während das zweite Zeitintervall tG2 des grünen Segmentes eine Dauer von ca. 100 µs aufweist. Während des ersten Zeitintervalls tG1 weist die Lichtkurve 3 einen konstanten Wert von ca. 85% auf, der für das Zeitintervall tG2 kurzfristig auf einen Wert von ca. 45% abgesenkt ist.The second segment S R is followed by a third segment S G , which is associated with the color green and has a duration t G of likewise approximately 1300 μs. Also, the time interval t G is divided as the time interval t R in two time intervals t G1 and t G2 , wherein the first time interval t G1 is significantly longer than the second time interval t G2 . In the present case, the first time interval t G1 is approximately 1200 μs, while the second time interval t G2 of the green segment has a duration of approximately 100 μs. During the first time interval t G1 , the
Nach Ablauf dieser drei Segmente SR, SG, SB erfolgt eine im Wesentlichen periodische Wiederholung dieser drei Segmente SR, SG, SB, wobei die Anordnung der kurzen Zeitintervalle tR1, tG2 innerhalb der Segmente, in denen der Lichtfluss gegenüber dem restlichen Segment SR, SG deutlich angehoben oder abgesenkt ist von der Periodizität abweicht. Die kurzen Zeitintervalle der Lichtkurve 3, in denen die Beleuchtungsstärke stark abgesenkt ist, dienen der Erhöhung der Farbtiefe wie bereits im allgemeinen Beschreibungsteil beschrieben. Die kurzen Segmente innerhalb derer die Beleuchtungsstärke stark angehoben sind, sind Maintenancepulse, die wie oben schon beschrieben zur Stabilisierung der Elektroden der Gasentladungslampen dienen.After expiration of these three segments S R , S G , S B there is a substantially periodic repetition of these three segments S R , S G , S B , wherein the arrangement of the short time intervals t R1 , t G2 within the segments in which the light flux relative to the remaining segment S R , S G significantly raised or lowered is different from the periodicity. The short time intervals of the
Die
Die Lichtkurve des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß
Den einzelnen Segmenten SY, SG, SM, SR, SC, SB sind wieder Zeitintervalle tY, tG, tM, tR, tC, tB zugeordnet, die sich in zwei oder drei Zeitintervalle tY1, tY2, tG1, tG2, tM1, tM2, tM3, tR1, tR2, tC1, tC2, tC3, tB1, tB2 aufteilen, wobei jeweils eines der Zeitintervalle deutlich länger ist als die anderen. Diese Zeitintervalle werden im Folgenden als "lange Zeitintervalle" bezeichnet. Die Werte des Lichtflusse in den langen Zeitintervallen der einzelnen Segmente sind der Tabelle in
Die Segmentgrößen der unterschiedlichen Farben sind, wie der Tabelle in
In Verbindung mit einer Lichtkurve 3, deren Segmente SR, SG, SB den Farben Rot, Grün und Blau zugeordnet sind, wie beispielsweise in den
Im Folgenden werden anhand der
Die Lichtkurve 3 gemäß der
Die Lichtkurve 3 gemäß der
Die Lichtkurve 3 gemäß der
Die Stromstärke-Beleuchtungsstärke-Kennlinie des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß der
Mittels der Stromstärke-Beleuchtungsstärke-Kennlinie, die ebenfalls in dem Betriebsgerät 2 der Beleuchtungseinrichtung 10, 11 gespeichert sein kann, ist es möglich, dass bei veränderten Lampenbetriebsparametern, wie etwa der Stromstärke, die Helligkeit der Lichtquelle 1, 1R, 1G, 1B der Beleuchtungseinrichtung 10, 11 auf der von der Lichtkurve 3 vorgegebenen Beleuchtungsstärke gehalten wird. Durch die Korrelation über die Kennlinie kann die Vorgabe in der Lichtkurve direkt in einen Wechselstrom für die Gasentladungslampe umgewandelt werden. Die verschiedenen Plateuas der Lichtkurve werden dabei in jeweilige Teilhalbwellen umgewandelt, wobei die Kommutierungsstellen von dem Betriebsgerät 2 anhand von Synchronisationsvorgaben einer Videoelektronik in der Beleuchtungsvorrichtung 10 ausgewählt werden.By means of the amperage-luminous intensity characteristic, which can also be stored in the
Die in
Das Schaltbild ist lediglich Schematisch und es sind nicht alle Steuer- und Sensorleitungen gezeigt.The circuit diagram is merely schematic and not all control and sensor lines are shown.
Die Erfindung ist nicht durch die Beschreibung anhand der Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Vielmehr umfasst die Erfindung jedes neue Merkmal sowie jede Kombination von Merkmalen, was insbesondere jede Kombination von Merkmalen in den Patentansprüche beinhaltet auch wenn dieses Merkmal oder diese Kombination selbst nicht explizit in den Patentansprüchen oder Ausführungsbeispielen angegeben ist.The invention is not limited by the description with reference to the embodiments. Rather, the invention encompasses any novel feature as well as any combination of features, which includes in particular any combination of features in the claims, even if this feature or combination itself is not is explicitly stated in the claims or exemplary embodiments.
Claims (12)
- Method for operating a gas discharge lamp (LP) having a gas discharge lamp burner and a first and a second electrode (52, 54),
wherein, before their initial start-up, the electrodes (52, 54) have a nominal electrode spacing in the gas discharge lamp burner, which nominal electrode spacing is correlated with the voltage of the gas discharge lamp, and the gas discharge lamp (LP) is operated in normal operation using a low-frequency square-wave lamp current,
comprising the following steps:a) checking whether a blocking time (OT), which corresponds to the period between two DC voltage phases, has passed, wherein the DC voltage phases consist of the omission of a few commutations,b) when the blocking time (OT) has passed, omitting commutations or applying pseudo-commutations for a predetermined period (VT), wherein pseudo-commutations constitute two commutations executed rapidly one after another,characterized in that
the predetermined period (VT) depends on the lamp voltage in such a way that, for each lamp voltage,
either a period (VT) of the omission of commutations/application of pseudo-commutations is predetermined at lamp voltages above an upper lamp voltage threshold, preferably wherein the length (VT) of the DC voltage phase is calculated or prescribed by a characteristic curve,
or at lamp voltages below a lower lamp voltage threshold, wherein the period (VT) is also determined by a change in the lamp voltage during the DC voltage phases. - Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the period (VT) is between 40 ms and 200 ms long depending on the voltage of the gas discharge lamp (LP).
- Method according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the blocking time is between 180 s and 900 s depending on the voltage of the gas discharge lamp (LP).
- Method according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the blocking time is between 180 s and 600 s.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that DC voltage phases are applied for a period (VT) in such a way that the energy input into the first electrode and into the second electrode is of a different magnitude.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pulse of a higher current intensity (MP) is modulated onto the half-waves (HW) of the lamp current, which pulse is between 50 µs and 1500 µs long.
- Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that a half-wave (HW) of the lamp current consists of a plurality of partial half-waves, wherein a portion of the commutations or all of the commutations between two half-waves (HW) is/are reversed again by a further commutation occurring shortly thereafter.
- Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that the different partial half-waves of a half-wave (HW) apply different current intensities to the gas discharge lamp.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said method is executed during the start-up of the gas discharge lamp.
- Electronic operating device, having an ignition device (Z), an inverter (VB) and a control circuit (C), characterized in that said electronic operating device executes a method according to one or more of Claims 1-9.
- Projector having an electronic operating device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the projector is designed to project an image during performance of a method according to one of Claims 1 to 9.
- Projector according to Claim 11, characterized in that the projector executes the method according to one or more of Claims 1-9 after the projector has started.
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DE102009006338.2A DE102009006338B4 (en) | 2009-01-27 | 2009-01-27 | Method for operating a gas discharge lamp with DC voltage phases and electronic operating device for operating a gas discharge lamp and projector, which use this method |
PCT/EP2010/050311 WO2010086222A1 (en) | 2009-01-27 | 2010-01-13 | Method and electronic operating device for operating a gas discharge lamp and projector |
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DE102011080641A1 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-14 | Osram Ag | Projection unit and method for controlling the projection unit |
JP5849587B2 (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2016-01-27 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Projector and projector system |
DE102011089592B4 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2019-06-19 | Osram Gmbh | DLP projector with current increase, frequency modulation and current height modulation for a discharge lamp and corresponding method |
CN104170531B (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2015-12-30 | 欧司朗股份有限公司 | For running circuit arrangement and the method for at least one discharge lamp |
JP6212713B2 (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2017-10-18 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Image projection apparatus and image projection method |
DE102013223138A1 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2015-05-13 | Osram Gmbh | Method for operating a discharge lamp and projection arrangement |
DE102014220275A1 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2016-04-07 | Osram Gmbh | Projection apparatus and method for projecting at least one image onto a projection surface |
DE102014220780A1 (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2016-04-14 | Osram Gmbh | Method for operating a discharge lamp of a projection arrangement and projection arrangement |
DE102015219760B4 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2024-04-25 | Osram Gmbh | Projection device for projecting at least one image onto a projection surface and method therefor |
DE102016105490A1 (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-09-28 | Osram Gmbh | Apparatus and method for operating a discharge lamp, in particular for projection purposes |
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WO2009007914A1 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-15 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Method and driving unit for driving a gas-discharge lamp |
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CA2690558C (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2017-02-14 | Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung | Circuit arrangement for operating discharge lamps and method for operating discharge lamps |
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2009
- 2009-01-27 DE DE102009006338.2A patent/DE102009006338B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-01-13 CA CA2750669A patent/CA2750669A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-01-13 US US13/146,412 patent/US8602566B2/en active Active
- 2010-01-13 EP EP10704109.7A patent/EP2382847B1/en active Active
- 2010-01-13 WO PCT/EP2010/050311 patent/WO2010086222A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-01-13 JP JP2011546747A patent/JP2012516010A/en active Pending
- 2010-01-13 CN CN201080005738.7A patent/CN102301828B/en active Active
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EP1309228A2 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-05-07 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | High-pressure discharge lamp operation with lower frequency |
WO2009007914A1 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-15 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Method and driving unit for driving a gas-discharge lamp |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2012516010A (en) | 2012-07-12 |
CN102301828B (en) | 2015-03-18 |
EP2382847A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
DE102009006338A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
CN102301828A (en) | 2011-12-28 |
WO2010086222A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
US8602566B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
US20110317133A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
CA2750669A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
DE102009006338B4 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
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