EP2379811B1 - Ground anchor - Google Patents
Ground anchor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2379811B1 EP2379811B1 EP09803880.5A EP09803880A EP2379811B1 EP 2379811 B1 EP2379811 B1 EP 2379811B1 EP 09803880 A EP09803880 A EP 09803880A EP 2379811 B1 EP2379811 B1 EP 2379811B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rod
- diameter
- anchoring
- anchoring device
- disc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 18
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004856 soil analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/028—Devices or accesories for injecting a grouting liquid in a bore-hole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/50—Anchored foundations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/80—Ground anchors
- E02D5/801—Ground anchors driven by screwing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/80—Ground anchors
- E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/22—Placing by screwing down
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an anchoring device in a multilayer floor, of the type comprising a hollow rod whose first end receives fastening means and whose opposite end free is intended to penetrate into the ground.
- anchoring devices Two types are known, each adapted to anchors in specific soils.
- the documents DE 42 01 419 C1 , DE 34 00 182 A1 , FR 2 863 633 A and US 2007/286687 A1 describe anchoring devices in specific soils.
- the anchoring, whether terrestrial or maritime, of buildings or structures may indeed be to be carried out in loose soil or floors of greater hardness.
- screw anchoring devices comprising one or more mounted helical discs welded to a rod are provided. These anchors screw can stabilize the structure to anchor, since the thickness of the first layer of loose soil is sufficient.
- this type of screw anchor device can not be used in layers of hard floors.
- self-drilling anchoring devices are provided, in which the rod is provided at its end with a cutter capable of digging the soil and whose size greater than the diameter of the rod makes it possible to create a cavity. in which is injected cement to secure the anchoring with the ground.
- Such a self-drilling device however has the disadvantage of not adapting to soils of lesser hardness.
- the anchoring structure can be made to be made in a soil of variable hardness, composed from the surface of a first layer of loose soil, then a second monolithic layer.
- the use of one or other of the devices mentioned above can not allow a satisfactory anchoring of the structure.
- the first layer of loose soil is of insufficient thickness to stabilize a screw anchor, and the use of a self-drilling anchor is made impossible by the depth to which the second layer extends, the distance to the surface likely to destabilize the self-drilling anchor.
- the present invention aims to provide an anchoring device that allows a solid anchoring in soils of variable thickness and / or different hardness, as mentioned above.
- the invention proposes an anchoring device in a multilayer floor, according to claim 1.
- Such a device allows a strong structure anchoring, the first part of the rod being intended to be screwed into a first layer of soil, for example furniture, which extends over a second layer of a soil for example monolithic and consolidated rocky type, harder than the first layer of soil, and in which the second part of the stem is able to be anchored.
- the anchoring device as shown in all the figures, comprises a hollow rod 2, a first end 21 of which receives attachment means, not shown, of a structure or a building to anchoring in the ground, the opposite end free 22 of the hollow rod 2 being for this purpose intended to penetrate into the ground.
- This structure is brought to be fixed relative to the ground, whether in a land or sea application.
- This anchoring device is of particular interest in the case of an anchoring ground formed of several layers of distinct compositions, and in particular a soil as represented on the figures 1 and 2 , in which a first layer 31 is formed of a thickness of soft material, for example sand, gravel and generally unconsolidated materials, this first layer 31 resting on a second layer 32 formed of rocks, limestones or hardened concretes and generally of monolithic or consolidated materials, or in the case of a soil represented on the figures 3 and 4 , in which a third layer 33, formed of vases, rests on this first layer 31.
- a first layer 31 is formed of a thickness of soft material, for example sand, gravel and generally unconsolidated materials
- this first layer 31 resting on a second layer 32 formed of rocks, limestones or hardened concretes and generally of monolithic or consolidated materials, or in the case of a soil represented on the figures 3 and 4 , in which a third layer 33, formed of vases, rests on this first layer 31.
- the rod 2 has, at a determined distance from the ends, a penetration disc 8, a first portion 23 of the rod 2 extending between the first fastening end 21 and this penetration disc 8, while second portion 24 of the rod 2 extends between the penetration disc 8 and the free end 22 of drilling.
- the first portion 23 of the rod 2 is, as shown in the figures, adapted to be screwed at least in the first layer of soil 31, and the second portion 24 of the rod 2 is adapted to be anchored, by drilling of the end of the rod 2, in the second layer of soil 32.
- a positioning plate 5 is mounted on the hollow rod 2 and is intended to bear on the ground surface, while the penetration disk 8 is disposed on the rod 2 at a predetermined length of this positioning plate 5 so that the penetration disc 8 rests on the upper part of the second layer of harder soil 32.
- the first part 23 of the rod 2 comprises at least one helical disk 6 whose function is to screw in the first layer of loose soil 31. Depending on the thickness of the loose soil layer, several helical disks may be provided. 6.
- the number of helical disks to be provided on the rod 2 depends on the density of the soil in which the rod is to be anchored. The increase in the number of helical disks makes it possible to increase the anchoring force of the device. Thus, the lower the density of the soil, the lower the number of disks must be high.
- the diameter of the selected discs is determined to avoid that torques of recovery efforts are too important.
- the distance between two helical disks 6 depends on the diameter of the disks. This distance between two discs is between two and five times the diameter of the disc, and advantageously between three and four times this diameter.
- the helical disks 6 extend over the first portion 23 of the rod 2, between the penetration disk 8 and the positioning plate 5.
- the diameter of the penetration disk 8, brought to penetrate the ground before the helical disks 6, must be equal to or smaller than the diameters of the helical disks 6. It has been shown, in all of the figures, helical disks 6 of equivalent diameter between it will be understood that in accordance with what has been written above, the diameters of each helical disk 6 could vary, since a decrease in the diameter of the helical disks 6 is respected, the helical disk 6 the most close to the positioning plate 5 towards the helical disk 6 closest to the penetration disk 8.
- These helical disks 6 may advantageously have an incoming portion of Beveled primer, and reinforced by a filler metal.
- these helical disks 6 and penetration 8 can be made of high-strength steel. The helicoidal discs 6 and penetration discs 8 are welded to the rod 2.
- the rod 2 extends in a second portion 24, after the penetration disc 8 opposite the positioning plate 5.
- a cutting 4 is disposed at the free end 22 of this 2.
- This self-drilling cutter 4 is welded or screwed at the end of the rod 2, and has the rigidity characteristics necessary to be able to drill in a second layer of soil 32, made of consolidated or monolithic material.
- the second portion 24 of the rod 2 will thus participate in fixing the structure by anchoring in the ground, following the drilling performed by the cutter 4.
- the length of the second portion 24 of the rod 2 is then chosen to achieve this anchoring over a sufficient length to stabilize the anchoring device.
- a connecting sleeve can be used to increase the total length of the rod and thus the depth of penetration into the ground.
- Such a device allows a strong structure anchoring, the first portion 23 of the rod 2 being intended to be screwed into at least a first layer of loose soil 31, which extends over a second layer 32 of a monolithic soil and consolidated , harder than the first layer of soil 31, and wherein the second portion 24 of the rod 2 is adapted to be anchored.
- the drill end of the rod provided with the cutter, initially digs the first layer of loose soil, and shapes a borehole which facilitates the action of screwing the penetration then helical discs in this first layer.
- the cutter 4 disposed at the free end of the rod 2 has a diameter greater than the diameter of the second portion 24 of the rod 2.
- the drilling of the ground by the cutter 4 then generates a cavity 12 in which extends to following the cutting 4, the second portion 24 of the rod 2.
- an injection of cement or synthetic resin is performed in this cavity 12 to maintain in position the rod 2 relative to at least the second layer of soil 32.
- at least a portion of the rod 2 and the cutter 4 are pierced with holes, not shown, for injection.
- This cement or this resin can be injected on a greater or lesser part of the rod 2 of the anchoring device.
- the second portion 24 of the rod 2 and the cutter 4 are pierced with injection holes.
- the assembly of the rod 2 and the cutter 4 are pierced with injection holes, so that the cement or the resin is spread around the assembly of the rod 2, in the cavity 12 formed by the cutter 4 for the second part 24 of the rod 2, and in an additional cavity 11 formed by the penetration disk 8 and the helical disks 6 for the first part 23 of the rod 2.
- first soil layer 31 and the third soil layer 33 require that the first portion 23 of the rod 2 be of a large size, it may be considered preferable for the stability of the anchor to perform a cement injection on the entire stem 2.
- the composition of the third soil layer 33 makes it impossible to inject cement or resin around the first portion 23 of the rod 2 which extends into this third layer.
- the additional cavity 11 formed by the passage of the penetration disk 8 in the third soil layer 33 is closed again immediately after the penetration disk 8 passes. This may also be the case in the first soil layer 31, especially if this layer is composed of sand.
- a cylindrical casing 20 is formed around the first part 23 of the rod 2.
- the casing 20 extends between the positioning plate 5 and the helical disc 6 closest to this plate, and rests against the plate 5 and this disc.
- the soft material forming the third layer of soil 33 can not fill the additional cavity 11 formed by the discs 6 and 8, and a cement injection can be made between the rod 2 and the envelope cylindrical 20.
- the casing 20 can be provided between two helical disks 6 to allow injection of cement around the rod in the first layer of soil 31.
- the cylindrical envelope 20 is formed around the first part 23 of the rod 2, between the positioning plate 5 and the penetration disc 8.
- a cylindrical casing 40 is formed around the first portion 23 of the rod 2 between the positioning plate 5 and the penetration disc 8 and the casing 40 has a variable diameter.
- variable diameter of the cylindrical envelope 40 varies between a large diameter and a small diameter which is greater than the diameter of the second portion 24 of the rod 2.
- the cylindrical casing 40 comprises a first section 41 extending from the positioning plate 5 and having a first diameter d1 followed by a second section 42 extending to the penetration disk 8 and having a second diameter d2 lower at the first diameter d1 and greater than the diameter d3 of the second portion 24 of the rod 2.
- At least a portion of the rod 2 and the cutter 4 are pierced with holes for the injection of a cement or a synthetic resin.
- only the portion of the rod 2 located between the penetration disc 8 and the cutter 4 is pierced with holes for the injection of cement or resin or only the portion of the rod 2 located between the last helical disk 6 and the penetration disk 8 is pierced with holes for the injection of a cement or a synthetic resin.
- the holes for the injection of cement or synthetic resin are drilled over the entire length of the second portion 24 of the rod 2 and on the cutter 4.
- holes are also drilled on the first portion 23 of the rod 2 for filling with cement or synthetic resin chambers inside the casing 40. This filling increases the strength of the envelope and also allows to eliminate any internal corrosion.
- the sections 41 and 42 of the cylindrical envelope 40 are welded together and they support helical disks 6 effort.
- the threaded or smooth hollow rod 23 forms the main resistance column and allows all types of attachment at the top as well as the connections with a cement injection device or synthetic resin.
- the hollow rod 2 forming the anchoring device has a constant diameter over the entire length of the anchoring device.
- a rod 2 of constant diameter allows simplified industrialization of the anchoring device, but could be replaced in one variant by a rod of variable diameter.
- the diameter of the portions of the rod 2 not covered with a cylindrical envelope 20 could be greater than the diameter of the parts of the rod surrounded by said envelope 20.
- a hollow rod 2 threaded threaded. It will be understood that this rod can be threaded or smooth, and for example have a mixed profile.
- the rod 2 may be threaded on the second portion 24 extending between the penetration disc 8 and the cutter 4, and this rod 2 may be smooth in the portion 23 surrounded by the cylindrical casing 20.
- Such an anchoring device allows the fixation of structure or building in soils with layers of different compositions.
- the anchoring device is set up by screwing using a rotary hammer, supported by a drill arm or by a submerged installation according to the terrestrial or marine application envisaged.
- the device can then extend in these successive layers in a strictly vertical manner as shown, or with a different orientation without departing from the context of the invention, since the cutter and the second part of the rod are anchored in a second layer of monolithic or consolidated soil, as illustrated by the Figures 1 to 3 , or furniture as illustrated by the figure 4 and when this second layer is covered with at least a first layer of loose soil, and that the first portion of the rod and the associated disks are screwed into at least the first layer of loose soil.
- Such a mixed anchoring device combining the characteristics of anchoring by drilling and screwing, by means of a single rod, makes it possible to take into account, in a single device, all the anchoring forces, know the efforts of extraction and bending on the one hand, and compression and buckling on the other hand.
- the mixed anchoring device according to the invention is able to withstand various stresses and mainly bending forces by reinforcing the upper diameter of the rod 2.
- the bending forces are generated by variable forces with an orientation between 0 and 90 °.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'ancrage dans un sol multicouches, du type comportant une tige creuse dont une première extrémité reçoit des moyens d'attaches et dont l'extrémité opposée libre est destinée à pénétrer dans le sol.The present invention relates to an anchoring device in a multilayer floor, of the type comprising a hollow rod whose first end receives fastening means and whose opposite end free is intended to penetrate into the ground.
On connaît deux types de dispositifs d'ancrage, adaptés chacun à des ancrages dans des sols spécifiques. Les documents
Outre ce premier problème lié à l'environnement dans lequel doit être utilisé ce type de dispositif, un autre inconvénient est que ce type de dispositif d'ancrage à vis ne peut être utilisé dans des couches de sols durs. Il est prévu dans le cas de ces sols durs des dispositifs d'ancrage autoforants, dans lesquels la tige est munie à son extrémité d'un taillant apte à creuser le sol et dont la dimension supérieure au diamètre de la tige permet de créer une cavité dans laquelle est injecté du ciment pour solidariser l'ancrage avec le sol. Un tel dispositif autoforant présente toutefois l'inconvénient de ne pas s'adapter à des sols de moindre dureté.In addition to this first problem related to the environment in which this type of device must be used, another disadvantage is that this type of screw anchor device can not be used in layers of hard floors. In the case of these hard floors, self-drilling anchoring devices are provided, in which the rod is provided at its end with a cutter capable of digging the soil and whose size greater than the diameter of the rod makes it possible to create a cavity. in which is injected cement to secure the anchoring with the ground. Such a self-drilling device however has the disadvantage of not adapting to soils of lesser hardness.
Or, l'ancrage de structure peut être amené à être réalisé dans un sol de dureté variable, composé depuis la surface d'une première couche de sol meuble, puis d'une deuxième couche monolithique. L'utilisation de l'un ou l'autre des dispositifs évoqués ci-dessus ne peut permettre un ancrage satisfaisant de la structure. La première couche de sol meuble est d'une épaisseur insuffisante pour stabiliser un dispositif d'ancrage à vis, et l'utilisation d'un ancrage autoforant est rendu impossible par la profondeur à laquelle s'étend la deuxième couche, la distance à la surface risquant de déstabiliser l'ancrage autoforant.Now, the anchoring structure can be made to be made in a soil of variable hardness, composed from the surface of a first layer of loose soil, then a second monolithic layer. The use of one or other of the devices mentioned above can not allow a satisfactory anchoring of the structure. The first layer of loose soil is of insufficient thickness to stabilize a screw anchor, and the use of a self-drilling anchor is made impossible by the depth to which the second layer extends, the distance to the surface likely to destabilize the self-drilling anchor.
La présente invention vise à proposer un dispositif d'ancrage qui permette un ancrage solide dans des sols à épaisseurs variables et/ou de duretés différentes, tel qu'évoqué ci-dessus.The present invention aims to provide an anchoring device that allows a solid anchoring in soils of variable thickness and / or different hardness, as mentioned above.
A cet effet, l'invention propose un dispositif d'ancrage dans un sol multicouches, selon la revendication 1.For this purpose, the invention proposes an anchoring device in a multilayer floor, according to
Un tel dispositif permet un ancrage de structure résistant, la première partie de la tige étant destinée à être vissée dans une première couche de sol, par exemple meuble, qui s'étend sur une deuxième couche d'un sol par exemple monolithique et consolidé de type rocheux, plus dur que la première couche de sol, et dans laquelle la deuxième partie de la tige est apte à être ancrée.Such a device allows a strong structure anchoring, the first part of the rod being intended to be screwed into a first layer of soil, for example furniture, which extends over a second layer of a soil for example monolithic and consolidated rocky type, harder than the first layer of soil, and in which the second part of the stem is able to be anchored.
Selon différentes caractéristiques de la présente invention :
- le taillant présente un diamètre supérieur au diamètre de la tige ;
- le au moins un disque hélicoïdal et le disque de pénétration sont soudés sur la tige ;
- une enveloppe cylindrique est formée autour de la première partie de la tige, entre la platine de positionnement et le disque hélicoïdal le plus proche de la platine ;
- une enveloppe cylindrique est formée autour de la première partie de la tige, entre la platine de positionnement et le disque de pénétration,
- l'enveloppe cylindrique présente un diamètre variable dont le plus petit diamètre est supérieur au diamètre de la deuxième partie de la tige,
- l'enveloppe cylindrique comporte un premier tronçon s'étendant depuis la platine de positionnement et possédant un premier diamètre suivi d'un second tronçon s'étendant jusqu'au disque de pénétration et possédant un second diamètre inférieur au premier diamètre et supérieur au diamètre de la deuxième partie de la tige,
- la tige creuse est filetée sur au moins la deuxième partie s'étendant entre le disque de pénétration et le taillant, et en ce que cette tige creuse est lisse dans la première partie entourée de l'enveloppe cylindrique ;
- au moins une partie de la tige et le taillant sont percés de trous pour l'injection d'un ciment ou d'une résine synthétique pour l'ancrage dans des sols compacts de type rocheux ;
- les trous pour l'injection de ciment sont percés uniquement sur la deuxième partie de la tige et sur le taillant, et
- les trous pour l'injection de ciment ou de résine sont percés sur la première partie et la deuxième partie de la tige et sur le taillant.
- the cutter has a diameter greater than the diameter of the rod;
- the at least one helical disc and the penetration disc are welded to the rod;
- a cylindrical envelope is formed around the first part of the rod, between the positioning plate and the helical disk closest to the plate;
- a cylindrical envelope is formed around the first part of the rod, between the positioning plate and the penetration disk,
- the cylindrical envelope has a variable diameter whose smallest diameter is greater than the diameter of the second part of the stem,
- the cylindrical envelope comprises a first section extending from the positioning plate and having a first diameter followed by a second section extending to the penetration disk and having a second diameter smaller than the first diameter and greater than the diameter of the second part of the stem,
- the hollow rod is threaded on at least the second portion extending between the penetration disc and the cutter, and in that said hollow rod is smooth in the first part surrounded by the cylindrical envelope;
- at least a portion of the rod and the cutter are pierced with holes for the injection of a cement or a synthetic resin for anchoring in compact soils of rock type;
- the holes for cement injection are drilled only on the second part of the rod and on the cutting edge, and
- the holes for the injection of cement or resin are drilled on the first part and the second part of the rod and on the cutting edge.
L'invention va maintenant être décrite plus en détails mais de façon non limitative en regard des figures annexées et dans lesquelles :
- la
figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un dispositif d'ancrage selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - la
figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'un dispositif d'ancrage selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - la
figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'un dispositif d'ancrage selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - la
figure 4 est une représentation schématique d'un dispositif d'ancrage selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention, et - la
figure 5 est une représentation schématique d'un dispositif selon un cinquième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
- the
figure 1 is a schematic representation of an anchoring device according to a first embodiment of the invention; - the
figure 2 is a schematic representation of an anchoring device according to a second embodiment of the invention; - the
figure 3 is a schematic representation of an anchoring device according to a third embodiment of the invention; - the
figure 4 is a schematic representation of an anchoring device according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, and - the
figure 5 is a schematic representation of a device according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
Le dispositif d'ancrage selon l'invention, tel que représenté sur l'ensemble des figures, comprend une tige creuse 2 dont une première extrémité 21 reçoit des moyens d'attaches, non représentés, d'une structure ou d'un édifice à ancrer dans le sol, l'extrémité opposée libre 22 de la tige creuse 2 étant à cet effet destinée à pénétrer dans le sol. Cette structure est amenée à être fixée par rapport au sol, que ce soit dans une application terrestre ou maritime.The anchoring device according to the invention, as shown in all the figures, comprises a
Ce dispositif d'ancrage présente un intérêt particulier dans le cas d'un sol d'ancrage formé de plusieurs couches de compositions distinctes, et notamment un sol tel que représenté sur les
A cet effet, la tige 2 présente à une distance déterminée des extrémités un disque de pénétration 8, une première partie 23 de la tige 2 s'étendant entre la première extrémité d'attache 21 et ce disque de pénétration 8, tandis qu'une deuxième partie 24 de la tige 2 s'étend entre le disque de pénétration 8 et l'extrémité libre 22 de forage. La première partie 23 de la tige 2 est, telle que représentée sur les figures, apte à être vissée au moins dans la première couche de sol 31, et la deuxième partie 24 de la tige 2 est apte à être ancrée, par forage de l'extrémité de la tige 2, dans la deuxième couche de sol 32.For this purpose, the
Une platine de positionnement 5 est montée sur la tige 2 creuse et est destinée à prendre appui sur la surface du sol, tandis que le disque de pénétration 8 est disposé sur la tige 2 à une longueur déterminée de cette platine de positionnement 5 pour que le disque de pénétration 8 repose sur la partie supérieure de la deuxième couche de sol plus dur 32. Une analyse des sols préalable au forage permet de déterminer la dimension de la première couche de sol 31, et donc de déterminer à quelle distance de la platine de positionnement 5 le disque de pénétration 8 doit être disposé sur la tige 2.A
La première partie 23 de la tige 2 comporte au moins un disque hélicoïdal 6 dont la fonction est de pénétrer par vissage dans la première couche de sol meuble 31. Selon l'épaisseur de la couche de sol meuble, il pourra être prévu plusieurs disques hélicoïdaux 6. Le nombre de disques hélicoïdaux à prévoir sur la tige 2 dépend de la densité du sol dans lequel la tige doit être ancrée. L'augmentation du nombre de disques hélicoïdaux permet d'augmenter l'effort d'ancrage du dispositif. Ainsi, plus la densité du sol est faible, plus le nombre de disques doit être élevé. Le diamètre des disques choisis est déterminé pour éviter que des couples de reprise des efforts soient trop importants. La distance entre deux disques hélicoïdaux 6 dépend du diamètre des disques. Cette distance entre deux disques est comprise entre deux et cinq fois le diamètre du disque, et avantageusement entre trois et quatre fois ce diamètre.The
Les disques hélicoïdaux 6 s'étendent sur la première partie 23 de la tige 2, entre le disque de pénétration 8 et la platine de positionnement 5. Afin que les disques hélicoïdaux 6 soient en prise avec la première couche de sol 31, le diamètre du disque de pénétration 8, amené à pénétrer le sol avant les disques hélicoïdaux 6, doit être égal ou plus petit que les diamètres des disques hélicoïdaux 6. Il a été représenté, sur l'ensemble des figures, des disques hélicoïdaux 6 de diamètre équivalents entre eux, il sera compris qu'en conformité avec ce qui a été écrit ci-dessus, les diamètres de chaque disque hélicoïdal 6 pourraient varier, dès lors qu'une diminution du diamètre des disques hélicoïdaux 6 est respectée, du disque hélicoïdal 6 le plus proche de la platine de positionnement 5 vers le disque hélicoïdal 6 le plus proche du disque de pénétration 8. Ces disques hélicoïdaux 6 peuvent présenter avantageusement une partie entrante d'amorce en biseau, et renforcée par un métal d'apport. Comme la tige creuse 2, ces disques hélicoïdaux 6 et de pénétration 8 peuvent être réalisés en acier à haute résistance. Les disques hélicoïdaux 6 et de pénétration 8 sont soudés sur la tige 2.The
Selon une caractéristique de la présente invention, la tige 2 s'étend dans une deuxième partie 24, après le disque de pénétration 8 à l'opposé de la platine de positionnement 5. Un taillant 4 est disposé à l'extrémité libre 22 de cette tige 2. Ce taillant 4 autoforeur est soudé ou vissé en extrémité de la tige 2, et présente les caractéristiques de rigidité nécessaires pour pouvoir forer dans une deuxième couche de sol 32, composée de matériau consolidé ou monolithique. La deuxième partie 24 de la tige 2 va ainsi participer à la fixation de la structure par ancrage dans le sol, suite au forage réalisé par le taillant 4. La longueur de la deuxième partie 24 de la tige 2 est alors choisie pour réaliser cet ancrage sur une longueur suffisante pour stabiliser le dispositif d'ancrage. Selon un mode de réalisation non représenté, un manchon de raccordement peut être utilisé pour augmenter la longueur totale de la tige et donc la profondeur de pénétration dans le sol.According to a feature of the present invention, the
Un tel dispositif permet un ancrage de structure résistant, la première partie 23 de la tige 2 étant destinée à être vissée dans au moins une première couche de sol meuble 31, qui s'étend sur une deuxième couche 32 d'un sol monolithique et consolidé, plus dure que la première couche de sol 31, et dans laquelle la deuxième partie 24 de la tige 2 est apte à être ancrée. L'extrémité de forage de la tige, munie du taillant, creuse initialement la première couche de sol meuble, et façonne un trou de forage qui facilite l'action de vissage des disques de pénétration puis hélicoïdaux dans cette première couche.Such a device allows a strong structure anchoring, the
Le taillant 4 disposé à l'extrémité libre de la tige 2 présente un diamètre supérieur au diamètre de la deuxième partie 24 de cette tige 2. Le forage du sol par le taillant 4 génère alors une cavité 12 dans laquelle vient s'étendre, à la suite du taillant 4, la deuxième partie 24 de la tige 2. Afin d'ancrer la tige 2 dans le sol, une injection de ciment ou de résine synthétique est réalisée dans cette cavité 12 pour maintenir en position la tige 2 par rapport à au moins la deuxième couche de sol 32. A cet effet, au moins une partie de la tige 2 et le taillant 4 sont percés de trous, non représentés, pour l'injection.The
Ce ciment ou cette résine peut être injecté sur une plus ou moins grande partie de la tige 2 du dispositif d'ancrage. Dans un premier mode de réalisation représenté à la
Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation représenté à la
Le choix d'utilisation d'un dispositif d'ancrage selon l'un ou l'autre des modes de réalisation évoqués ci-dessus est notamment fait par les épaisseurs des différentes couches de chaque sol. Si la première couche de sol 31 et la troisième couche de sol 33 imposent que la première partie 23 de la tige 2 soit d'une grande dimension, il peut être jugé préférable pour la stabilité de l'ancrage de réaliser une injection de ciment sur l'ensemble de la tige 2.The choice of use of an anchoring device according to one or other of the embodiments mentioned above is in particular made by the thicknesses of the different layers of each floor. If the
Toutefois, la composition de la troisième couche de sol 33, faite de vases, rend impossible l'injection de ciment ou de résine autour de la première partie 23 de la tige 2 qui s'étend dans cette troisième couche. La cavité supplémentaire 11 formée par le passage du disque de pénétration 8 dans la troisième couche de sol 33 est rebouchée immédiatement après le passage du disque de pénétration 8. Ceci peut être le cas également dans la première couche de sol 31, notamment si cette couche est composée de sable.However, the composition of the
Afin de ménager un espace dans lequel peut s'insérer la résine ou le ciment injecté, comme illustré par les
Selon une variante, l'enveloppe cylindrique 20 est formée autour de la première partie 23 de la tige 2, entre la platine de positionnement 5 et le disque de pénétration 8.According to a variant, the
Dans un cinquième mode de réalisation représenté à la
D'une manière générale, le diamètre variable de l'enveloppe cylindrique 40 varie entre un grand diamètre et un petit diamètre qui est supérieur au diamètre de la deuxième partie 24 de la tige 2.In general, the variable diameter of the
Comme montré à la
Dans ce mode de réalisation également, au moins une partie de la tige 2 et le taillant 4 sont percés de trous pour l'injection d'un ciment ou d'une résine synthétique.In this embodiment also, at least a portion of the
Ainsi, selon différents modes de réalisation, uniquement la partie de la tige 2 située entre le disque de pénétration 8 et le taillant 4 est percée de trous pour l'injection de ciment ou de résine ou uniquement la partie de la tige 2 située entre le dernier disque hélicoïdal 6 et le disque de pénétration 8 est percée de trous pour l'injection d'un ciment ou d'une résine synthétique.Thus, according to various embodiments, only the portion of the
Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation, les trous pour l'injection de ciment ou de résine synthétique sont percés sur la totalité de la longueur de la deuxième partie 24 de la tige 2 et sur le taillant 4.According to yet another embodiment, the holes for the injection of cement or synthetic resin are drilled over the entire length of the
Comme cela apparaît à la
Les tronçons 41 et 42 de l'enveloppe cylindrique 40 sont soudés entre eux et ils supportent des disques hélicoïdaux 6 d'effort. La tige creuse 23 filetée ou lisse forme la colonne de résistance principale et permet tous les types d'accrochage en partie supérieure ainsi que les liaisons avec un dispositif d'injection de ciment ou de résine synthétique.The
Tel que représentée sur les figures, la tige 2 creuse formant le dispositif d'ancrage présente un diamètre constant sur toute la longueur du dispositif d'ancrage. Il sera compris qu'une tige 2 de diamètre constant permet une industrialisation simplifiée du dispositif d'ancrage, mais pourrait être remplacée dans une variante par une tige de diamètre variable. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, le diamètre des parties de la tige 2 non recouvertes d'une enveloppe cylindrique 20 pourrait être supérieur au diamètre des parties de la tige entourées de ladite enveloppe 20. Ces variations de diamètre de la tige doivent toutefois permettre la réalisation des caractéristiques évoquées ci-dessus, à savoir notamment que le taillant 4 doit présenter un diamètre supérieur au diamètre de la deuxième partie 24 de la tige 2.As shown in the figures, the
De même, il est représenté sur les figures une tige 2 creuse filetée. Il sera compris que cette tige peut être filetée ou lisse, et par exemple présenter un profil mixte. A titre d'exemple, la tige 2 peut être filetée sur la deuxième partie 24 s'étendant entre le disque de pénétration 8 et le taillant 4, et cette tige 2 peut être lisse dans la partie 23 entourée de l'enveloppe cylindrique 20.Similarly, there is shown in the figures a
Un tel dispositif d'ancrage permet la fixation de structure ou d'édifice dans des sols présentant des couches de compositions différentes. Le dispositif d'ancrage est mis en place par vissage à l'aide d'un roto percuteur, supporté par un bras de forage ou par une installation immergée selon l'application terrestre ou marine envisagée. Le dispositif peut alors s'étendre dans ces différentes couche successives de façon strictement verticale tel que représenté, ou avec une orientation différente sans sortir du contexte de l'invention, dès lors que le taillant et la deuxième partie de la tige sont ancrés dans une deuxième couche de sol monolithique ou consolidé, comme illustré par les
Un tel dispositif d'ancrage mixte, combinant les caractéristiques d'ancrage par forage et de vissage, par l'intermédiaire d'une unique tige, permet la prise en compte en un dispositif unique de l'ensemble des efforts d'ancrage, à savoir les efforts d'extraction et de flexion d'une part, et de compression et de flambage d'autre part.Such a mixed anchoring device, combining the characteristics of anchoring by drilling and screwing, by means of a single rod, makes it possible to take into account, in a single device, all the anchoring forces, know the efforts of extraction and bending on the one hand, and compression and buckling on the other hand.
Le dispositif d'ancrage mixte selon l'invention est capable de résister à diverses sollicitations et principalement aux efforts de flexion en renforçant le diamètre supérieur de la tige 2. Les efforts de flexion sont générés par des efforts variables avec une orientation comprise entre 0 et 90°.The mixed anchoring device according to the invention is able to withstand various stresses and mainly bending forces by reinforcing the upper diameter of the
Claims (11)
- A device for anchoring in multilayer soil wherein a first layer (31) is formed with a thickness of loose material, the first layer (31) resting on a second layer (32) formed with one or more monolithic or consolidated materials, the device for anchoring having a hollow rod (2) whereof a first end (21) receives fastening means and whereof the free opposite end (22) is intended to drill into the ground, in which a positioning plate (5) is mounted on the hollow rod (2) and is intended to bear on the surface of the soil, the rod successively supporting, from the positioning plate (5) towards the free end (22), at least one helical disc (6) then a drilling disc (8), characterized in that the rod extends beyond the drilling disc (8) opposite the positioning plate (5), and in that a self-drilling bit (4) presenting the necessary rigidity characteristics to be able to drill into the second soil layer (32), is arranged on the free end of said rod, such that a first portion (23) of the rod (2) extends from the positioning plate (5) to the drilling disc (8), the first portion (23) being suitable for being screwed into at least the first soil layer (31), , and such that a second portion (24) of the rod (2), extends from the drilling disc (8) to the bit (4), the second portion (24) being suitable for anchoring in a second soil layer (32).
- The anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bit (4) has a diameter larger than the diameter of the second portion (24) of the rod (2).
- The anchoring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one helical disc (6) and the drilling disc (8) are welded on the rod (2).
- The anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that a cylindrical casing (20) is formed around the first part (23) of the rod (2), between the positioning plate (5) and the helical disc (6) closest to the plate (5).
- The anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that a cylindrical casing (20, 40) is formed around the first part (23) of the rod (2), between the positioning plate (5) and the drilling disc (8).
- The anchoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that the cylindrical casing (40) has a variable diameter whereof the smallest diameter is larger than the diameter of the second part (24) of the rod (2).
- The anchoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that the cylindrical casing (40) has a first section (41) extending from the positioning plate (5) and having a first diameter followed by a second section (42) extending to the drilling disc (8) and having a second diameter smaller than the first diameter and larger than the diameter of the second part (24) of the rod (2).
- The anchoring device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the hollow rod (2) is threaded over at least the second part (24) extending between the drilling disc (8) and the bit (4), and in that this hollow rod (2) is smooth in the first part (23) surrounded by the cylindrical casing (20, 40).
- The anchoring device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of the rod (2) and the bit (4) are pierced with holes for injecting a cement or a synthetic resin for anchoring in compact rockytype soils.
- The anchoring device according to claim 9, characterized in that the holes for injecting cement are pierced only on the second part (24) of the rod (2) and on the bit (4).
- The anchoring device according to claim 9, characterized in that the holes for injecting cement or resin are pierced over the first part (23) and the second part (24) of the rod (2) and on the bit (4).
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PL09803880T PL2379811T3 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-12-16 | Ground anchor |
SI200931346T SI2379811T1 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-12-16 | Ground anchor |
HRP20151271TT HRP20151271T2 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2015-11-25 | Ground anchor |
CY20161100027T CY1117099T1 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2016-01-13 | ANCIENCE LOCATION IN LAYER LAND |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0950051A FR2940807B1 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-01-06 | DEVICE FOR ANCHORING IN A SOIL |
PCT/FR2009/052578 WO2010079277A1 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-12-16 | Device for anchoring in multilayer soil |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2379811A1 EP2379811A1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
EP2379811B1 true EP2379811B1 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
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EP09803880.5A Active EP2379811B1 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-12-16 | Ground anchor |
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US (3) | US20120009022A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2379811B1 (en) |
CY (1) | CY1117099T1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2379811T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2554171T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2940807B1 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20151271T2 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE026606T2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2379811T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT2379811E (en) |
SI (1) | SI2379811T1 (en) |
SM (1) | SMT201600067B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010079277A1 (en) |
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- 2009-01-06 FR FR0950051A patent/FR2940807B1/en active Active
- 2009-12-16 US US13/143,529 patent/US20120009022A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-12-16 DK DK09803880.5T patent/DK2379811T3/en active
- 2009-12-16 SI SI200931346T patent/SI2379811T1/en unknown
- 2009-12-16 EP EP09803880.5A patent/EP2379811B1/en active Active
- 2009-12-16 PT PT98038805T patent/PT2379811E/en unknown
- 2009-12-16 PL PL09803880T patent/PL2379811T3/en unknown
- 2009-12-16 WO PCT/FR2009/052578 patent/WO2010079277A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-12-16 HU HUE09803880A patent/HUE026606T2/en unknown
- 2009-12-16 ES ES09803880.5T patent/ES2554171T3/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-09-28 US US13/516,711 patent/US9869177B2/en active Active
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2015
- 2015-01-26 US US14/605,139 patent/US9097112B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-11-25 HR HRP20151271TT patent/HRP20151271T2/en unknown
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111980734A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 南京城市地下空间工程研究院有限公司 | Tunnel deformation rapid construction and reinforcement method based on constant-resistance large-deformation anchor rod |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HRP20151271T1 (en) | 2016-01-01 |
ES2554171T3 (en) | 2015-12-16 |
US20120009022A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
FR2940807A1 (en) | 2010-07-09 |
US20150128509A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
SI2379811T1 (en) | 2016-02-29 |
HRP20151271T2 (en) | 2016-01-15 |
PL2379811T3 (en) | 2016-04-29 |
DK2379811T3 (en) | 2016-01-11 |
WO2010079277A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
HUE026606T2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
US9869177B2 (en) | 2018-01-16 |
CY1117099T1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
FR2940807B1 (en) | 2011-02-04 |
EP2379811A1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
SMT201600067B (en) | 2016-04-29 |
PT2379811E (en) | 2016-02-05 |
US9097112B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
US20150132068A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
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