EP2351016B1 - Mouthpiece for reed instruments - Google Patents
Mouthpiece for reed instruments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2351016B1 EP2351016B1 EP09749076.7A EP09749076A EP2351016B1 EP 2351016 B1 EP2351016 B1 EP 2351016B1 EP 09749076 A EP09749076 A EP 09749076A EP 2351016 B1 EP2351016 B1 EP 2351016B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mouthpiece
- web
- recesses
- mouth piece
- sheet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 244000273256 Phragmites communis Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004905 finger nail Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D7/00—General design of wind musical instruments
- G10D7/06—Beating-reed wind instruments, e.g. single or double reed wind instruments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
- G10D9/02—Mouthpieces; Reeds; Ligatures
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mouthpiece for reed instruments, with a forming a impact surface and preferably convex over its length curved path for striking a vibrated sheet.
- a mouthpiece is used, which is flattened on one side and to which by means of cords or clamps a flexible sheet is attached, which is made to vibrate by a flow of air.
- the swinging blade beats along a convexly curved path which, during the game, partially or fully engages the musician's mouth on the mouthpiece. This area along a curved path is called the impact area.
- FR 1300192A shows a mouthpiece of a saxophone or a clarinet with a track opening which is bounded on both sides by thighs. At least one channel-shaped recess in the longitudinal direction of the mouthpiece, which serves to dissipate saliva during music making, is provided on the upper side of the two legs along a section.
- openings which are designed as holes or slots, provided in the area directly on the front edge of the mouthpiece.
- the present invention solves these problems in a mouthpiece of the type described above in that on a portion of the web on which the vibrated sheet strikes, at least one of the impact surface of the portion of the web reducing recess transverse to the longitudinal direction of the mouthpiece and each on the gesante Width of a leg of a web opening is provided.
- the mouthpiece is characterized in that the region in which at least one recess is provided on the web, away from the free end of the mouthpiece at a distance of 1 to 40 mm, preferably from 2 to 30 mm ,
- the mouthpiece is characterized by at least one recess, preferably by two to five recesses arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction is or, and thereby the impact surface is reduced to a plurality of discontinuous areas.
- the mouthpiece is characterized in that the recess or the recesses is or are formed gently wavy to form impact lines arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction.
- the shape of the recesses are limited insofar as that the impact surface to be machined starting with the free end of the mouthpiece is relatively small and the remaining impact lines or impact points must be adapted as elevations on the impact surface to the contour of the deflected sheet.
- the recesses on the mouthpiece are designed such that the greatest depth of the recess or the recesses is in a range of 0.005 mm to 0.2 mm, preferably in a range of 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm.
- a preferred embodiment comprises a mouthpiece as described above with a sheet attached thereto, characterized in that the sheet is made of plastic.
- the sheet is made of plastic.
- such a sheet of plastic can be made purely by machine.
- An inventive mouthpiece with a path with recesses acts so vibration damping that even with a plastic sheet in the play and sound behavior barely audible difference compared to a conventional reed can be achieved. There is no noticeable change in the blowing behavior and it allows a surprisingly full and soft tone volume. The otherwise loud beating with a compared to the wooden reed very hard plastic material is greatly reduced by the so-to-speak punctual ie actually small area edition of the mouthpiece or omitted completely.
- the exact arrangement of one or more recesses on the path of the mouthpiece according to the invention can be determined by simulation of the vibration behavior on the computer. However, it is also possible to determine by trial the optimal positions of the recesses on the respective mouthpiece, it being noted that the positions of the recesses may vary depending on the type of wind instrument. Furthermore, depending on the musician individual blowing behavior is to be considered in order to achieve an optimal vibration behavior of the sheet and thus a beautiful sound.
- ligature stretched on a matching wind instrument mouthpiece. This leaflet is made to vibrate during the making of music in the mouth of the horn and thus creates the sound.
- Fig. 1 shows a mouthpiece 1, for example, suitable for a clarinet, as is known in the art.
- the mouthpiece 1 is shown here in the schematic view from below, to see a web opening 2 thereon, which starts near the free end of the mouthpiece designated as the tip 3.
- the web opening 2 is also referred to as a cutout.
- By flattening on one side of the mouthpiece 1 creates a bearing surface 4, on which the in Fig. 1 Sheet not shown can be attached.
- the mouthpiece 1 is thereby placed in the mouth during the game that the flattened side with the support surface 4 and thus the leaf to be attached touches the lower lip of the player.
- the web opening 2 which is usually designed as an angular groove, is bounded on either side by a respective leg 5 and runs at the free end of the mouthpiece 1 to the tip 3 out.
- the track 6 that is designated along its length convex curved impact surface, which is located on the mouthpiece 1 at a gap distance to the mouthpiece 1 to be fastened, opposite leaf.
- a circular bore 7 and a pin 8 designated mostly cylindrical thickening, wherein the bore 7 is used for attaching the mouthpiece 1 on the wind instrument, not shown.
- Fig. 2 shows the front part of a mouthpiece 1 for simple reed instruments, such as clarinets or saxophones, with a clamped sheet 9 and outlines the maximum deflection of the oscillating blade 9 relative to the tip 3, which takes place in the mouth of the fan during the game.
- the free end of the blade 9 oscillates in the direction of arrow 10 up and down, a middle position of the oscillating blade 9 'is shown by dashed lines.
- the sheet 9 is on the top of the mouthpiece 1, while playing it is directed downwards in the mouth and touched by the lower lip 11 of the musician.
- the lower lip 11 and the upper lip 12 of the musician are indicated only from the side, since the position of the lips relative to the mouthpiece 1 during music making constantly changes and the mouthpiece is held individually in the mouth.
- the lower lip 11 touches the sheet 9, this individual point of contact is referred to as approach or pressure point 13, its position changes continuously during music making and is located on the curved path 6.
- the sheet 9 thus oscillates between the individual pressure point 13 and its free End, the section that is in the mouth of the player during music making.
- section 6 ' The portion of the web 6 of the mouthpiece 1, which is also located in the mouth of the fan.
- the portion 6 'of the web 6 is located between the tip 3 of the mouthpiece 1 and the individual pressure point 13 and corresponds to the impact surface on which the oscillating blade 9 strikes the mouthpiece 1 during play.
- the rear portion of the sheet 9, which lies between the individual pressure point 13 and the support surface 4, does not oscillate, but lies on the mouthpiece 1 during music making.
- the sheet 9 is pressed by light pressure of the lower lip against the curved in the region of the web opening 2 orbit 6 of the mouthpiece and caused by simultaneous blowing in vibration.
- the blade 9 now oscillates in the mouth of the fan, as far as it in the section 6 'convex curved track 6 of the mouthpiece 1 and the approach, so allow the intended lip pressure and the respective lip position of the player.
- the musician With the displacement of the approach or the pressure point 13, the musician shortens or lengthens the distance of the gap 14 between mouthpiece 1 and sheet 9 along the curved path 6, thus reducing or increasing the impact surface in the section 6 'of the web 6 and thus influences the Vibration behavior of the sheet 9 and the transition to the individual layers or pitches of his instrument and thereby designed the overall playing behavior and the desired timbres.
- Fig. 3 shows an inventive mouthpiece 1, for example, suitable for a clarinet, with recesses 15 on the two legs 5 of the web opening 2.
- the two recesses 15 are here as milled in the longitudinal direction of the mouthpiece 1 grooves or grooves and thereby reduce the impact surface of the sheet in a section 6 'of the track 6.
- Fig. 3 will be like in Fig. 1 dispensed with the representation of the sheet, as it is on the one hand no part of the mouthpiece 1 and on the other hand, in the mouthpiece fixed position, the web opening 2 would cover.
- On the mouthpiece 1 are further the support surface 4 and at the opposite end of the bore 7 and the pin 8 shown schematically.
- Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 each show in a schematic side view enlarged the front, free end of the mouthpiece in different embodiments according to the invention with a plurality of transverse to the longitudinal direction of the mouthpiece 1 mounted recesses 15, which are shown extremely exaggerated.
- the mouthpiece 1 is shown so that the underside, to which the sheet 9 is attached, is at the top.
- the lower lip 11 and upper lip 12 of the fan are again indicated only.
- the free end of the blade 9 oscillates between the pressure point 13, depending on the position of the lower lip 11 of the musician, and his free end in the direction of arrow 10 up and down, a middle position of the oscillating blade 9 'is shown by dashed lines.
- the wedge-shaped, gap-shaped opening 14 between the web 6 and sheet 9 can be seen from the side.
- the impact surface in the section 6 'of the web 6, which carries the recesses 15 according to the invention is thus the area between the tip 3 of the mouthpiece 1 and the individual pressure point 13, which lies within the mouth of the fan and within which the blade 9 is vibrated becomes.
- the recesses 15 on the impact surface in the portion 6 'of the web 6 are designed as three mutually offset, arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the mouthpiece 1 notches. Between the individual recesses 15 remain a plurality of smaller impact surfaces 16, where the vibrating blade 9 dampens hits.
- the recesses 15 in the region of the impact surface in the section 6 'of the web 6 are each embodied in a different form transversely to the longitudinal direction of the mouthpiece 1.
- the section 6 ' at first two parallel, wave-shaped recesses 15 with an impact line 17 therebetween are formed transversely to the longitudinal direction.
- a smaller intermediate impact surface 16 is released, a single V-shaped notch is provided, which is adjacent to two larger notches, wherein the first notch-shaped recess 15 with sloping side edges, the second notch-shaped recess 15 is executed with right-angled side edges.
- a smaller impact surface 16 remains between these two recesses 15.
- Fig. 6 shows a plurality of wave-shaped recesses 15, which are executed parallel to each other and each give rise to the wave crests of lines 17 for the sheet 6.
- the remaining impact surface in the section 6 'of the web 6 is also significantly reduced.
- Fig. 7 to Fig. 11 represent in each case in diagram form different embodiments of the geometry of the mouthpiece and the vibration behavior of the sheet.
- the longitudinal direction of the mouthpiece 1 in the unit mm [mm] is plotted on the abscissa.
- a hundredth of a millimeter [0.01 mm] is plotted on the ordinate as a unit.
- Fig. 7 describes the state of the art, for example, the curve curvature of the track 6 of a mouthpiece manufacturer was added.
- the impact surface in the section 6 'of the web 6 extends from the top 3 of the mouthpiece to the respective pressure point 13 of the musician.
- Ausstichalia 18 that point is designated on the mouthpiece 1, at which the web opening 2 merges into a bore or a tunnel in the interior of the mouthpiece 1.
- Fig. 7 falls the Ausstichalia 18 with the transition from the curved curve of the web 6 to the support surface 4 together.
- the curved course of the web 6 is divided into a portion 6 ', which comes to rest within the mouth of the fan, and a portion which lies outside of the mouth when playing music.
- the portion 6 'of the web 6 from the tip 3 to the respective pressure point 13 lies within the mouth and the vibrating blade 9 strikes the impact surface of the portion 6' during the mouth-blowing.
- the sheet 9 is again during the music without swinging directly on the mouthpiece 1 on.
- Fig. 7 the sheet 9 is shown both in a middle position, and deflected swinging in the direction of arrow 10.
- the oscillating blade 9 strikes on a continuous impact surface along the portion 6 'of the web 6 on the mouthpiece 1.
- Fig. 8 shows the measured at a commercially available mouthpiece 1 curved track 6 with a concave recess at the rear end of the curved path 6 near the Ausstichalia 18.
- This so-called Thomastikkante 19 can occur unintentionally with machine manufacture of web 6 and support surface 4, for example with a router and represents a defect.
- the support surface 4 in Fig. 8 not ground flat, but it also has an undesirable depression.
- the cutting pressure edge 19 shown here is not a recess according to the invention, because it is located in the region of the web 6, which is outside the mouth during music making or between the pressure point 13 and the Ausstichalia 18 and in which the sheet is not swinging rests on the mouthpiece. Therefore, such a cutting pressure edge does not reduce the impact surface in the section 6 'of the web 6. It is not achieved by the present cutting pressure edge 19 thus the desired damping effect according to the invention for the oscillating blade 9.
- webs 6 are machined or ground by manufacturers of instruments or mouthpieces on the mouthpiece 1.
- each manufacturer offers individual curvature radii of the web 6 and differently shaped web openings 2 for its mouthpieces.
- the length of the web 6, the web opening 2 and the intervening curved course of the web 6 can vary widely depending on the manufacturer.
- the dimensions of the manufacturer with respect to the lengths and openings of the webs 6 are made in hundredths of a millimeter.
- Mouthpieces are sometimes also reworked by the woodwind itself.
- the reworking by hand has a lot of tradition. Attempts are made to empirically improve the web opening 2 or curvature of the web 6 given by the manufacturer, as it sees fit and discretion, or unwanted cutting edges 19, as in FIG Fig. 8 shown to compensate, as they can significantly affect the interaction of 6 and sheet 9, as well as the overall performance and the sound of the instrument. To do this, grind the curvature of the web 6 on a glass plate with the finest sandpaper, the web being "pulled off". By using a glass plate trying to achieve a parallel curve as possible both legs 5 in the most important section 6 'and a smooth surface of the entire web 6, which is thus free of machining tracks of the machine production.
- mouthpieces 1 are in turn measured by mouthpiece specialists and you try to copy them again if necessary with milling cutters or grinders.
- the tolerance for such a copy is sometimes only within a few thousandths of a millimeter, with a larger tolerance the mouthpiece 1 already no longer responds to the original.
- Fig. 9 to Fig. 11 show different embodiments of the mouthpiece according to the invention, which are particularly suitable for the use of a sheet of plastic.
- Fig. 9 shows the course of a web 6 according to the invention with two V-shaped recesses 15 in the portion 6 'of the web 6, which lies between the top 3 and the pressure point 13 and is located in the mouth of the fan during music making.
- the desired damping effect by only more punctual or only small-scale impact of the blade 9 in section 6' of the web 6 is clear , However, nothing changes for the playing style and habitual approach of the musician.
- the vibrating blade 9 is extremely attenuated or reduced by the reduced impact surface in the area 6 'of the web 6 stopped.
- the blade especially if it is made of plastic, not so easy to overdrive in an unintentionally high frequency, squeaking or kicking is reduced or does not occur at all.
- Fig. 10 shows the course of the web 6 of a mouthpiece 1 according to the invention with two recesses 15 in the form of fillets in the region of the portion 6 'of the web 6, which lies between the pressure point 13 of the neck and the tip 3 and is during the making music in the mouth of the fan ,
- the recesses 15 remain for the vibrating blade 9 two smaller, intermediate impact lines 17. This is compared to a conventional, known from the prior art course of the web 6 without recesses again in section 6 'of the mouthpiece 1 according to the invention a significant reduction of the impact surface achieved for the oscillating blade 9.
- Fig. 11 shows a particular embodiment of the mouthpiece 1 according to the invention with a track 6, which is provided with four parallel to each other, arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the mouthpiece recesses 15 in the portion 6 'of the web, which is in the mouth during music making.
- These recesses 15 are each formed differently shaped, for example, as step-shaped, wavy, V-shaped or oval recesses 15, and also each have different maximum depths in the Fig. 11 are denoted by t max .
- t max maximum depths in the Fig. 11
- the possible impact surface for the blade 9 in section 6 'of the web 6 of the mouthpiece 1 according to the invention is again significantly reduced with respect to the continuous impact surface in a conventionally extending web and the desired damping effect for the oscillating blade 9 is achieved very effectively.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Mundstück für Rohrblattinstrumente, mit einer eine Aufschlagfläche bildende und vorzugsweise über ihre Länge konvex gekrümmt ausgebildeten Bahn zum Aufschlagen eines in Schwingungen versetzten Blattes.The invention relates to a mouthpiece for reed instruments, with a forming a impact surface and preferably convex over its length curved path for striking a vibrated sheet.
Blasinstrumente mit einfachem Rohrblatt - als bekannteste Vertreter seien beispielsweise die Klarinette und das Saxophon genannt - werden seit mehr als einem Jahrhundert nahezu unverändert gebaut. Dabei kommt ein Mundstück zum Einsatz, das einseitig abgeflacht ist und an dem durch Schnüre oder Befestigungsschellen ein flexibles Blatt befestigt ist, das von einem Luftstrom zum Schwingen gebracht wird. Beim Spielen, wenn also das Blatt durch einen Luftstrom in Schwingung versetzt wird und dabei von den Lippen des Musikers gegen das Mundstück gedrückt wird, schlägt das schwingende Blatt entlang einer konvex gekrümmten Bahn, welche sich während des Spiels teilweise oder zur Gänze im Mund des Musikers befmdet, auf dem Mundstück auf. Diese Fläche entlang einer gekrümmten Bahn wird als Aufschlagfläche bezeichnet.Wind instruments with a simple reed - the best-known examples being the clarinet and the saxophone - have been built almost unchanged for more than a century. In this case, a mouthpiece is used, which is flattened on one side and to which by means of cords or clamps a flexible sheet is attached, which is made to vibrate by a flow of air. In playing, when the blade is vibrated by a flow of air and pressed against the mouthpiece by the musician's lips, the swinging blade beats along a convexly curved path which, during the game, partially or fully engages the musician's mouth on the mouthpiece. This area along a curved path is called the impact area.
Als Blatt werden meist plättchenförmige Holzstücke verwendet, die aus Pfahlrohr hergestellt werden. Daher stammt auch die Bezeichnung derartiger Instrumente als Rohrblattinstrumente. Das weiche Rohrholz lässt sich mit dem Fingernagel eindrücken, passt sich daher schnell an und dämpft somit das Aufschlagen des Blattes auf natürliche Weise. Rohrblätter verändern sich jedoch im Gebrauch. Zunächst ist es wichtig, ein neues Rohrblatt einzuspielen, damit es gut funktioniert. Der Begriff des Einspielens eines neuen Holzblattes beschreibt genau diesen Vorgang einer natürlichen Anpassung. Da das hölzerne Rohrblatt aber altert und brechen kann, liegt die durchschnittliche Haltbarkeit eines Blattes je nach Häufigkeit des Spiels nur bei wenigen Wochen.As a sheet mostly platelike pieces of wood are used, which are made of pile tube. Therefore, the name of such instruments comes as reed instruments. The soft tube wood can be pressed in with the fingernail, therefore adapts quickly and thus dampens the impact of the leaf in a natural way. However, reeds change in use. First, it is important to bring in a new reed to make it work well. The term of inserting a new wood leaf describes exactly this process of a natural adaptation. However, since the wooden reed can age and break, the average life of a leaf is only a few weeks, depending on the frequency of the game.
Es gibt seit einigen Jahren Bestrebungen, ein gleichwertiges Kunststoffblatt für einfache Rohrblattinstrumente, wie Klarinette oder Saxophon, zu entwickeln. Es wäre eine Revolution, wenn man die Problematik des für diese Instrumente bisher unerlässlichen Holzblattes, das permanent einem Verschleiß unterliegt und ständig erneuert werden muss, durch Ersatz gegen ein unempfindliches und dauerhaftes Kunststoffblatt für immer lösen könnte. Blätter aus Kunststoff sind bereits am Markt erhältlich. Eine weite Verbreitung und Akzeptanz dieser Blätter ist allerdings bisher immer am minderwertigen Spiel- und Klangverhalten gescheitert. Vor allem im anspruchsvollen klassischen Musikbereich werden derartige Blätter aus Kunststoff daher nicht akzeptiert.There have been efforts for some years to develop an equivalent plastic sheet for simple reed instruments such as clarinet or saxophone. It would be a revolution if you could solve the problem of the previously indispensable for these instruments wood leaf, which is permanently subject to wear and must be constantly renewed, by replacing it with an insensitive and durable plastic sheet forever. Sheets made of plastic are already available on the market. However, widespread acceptance and acceptance of these sheets has always failed because of inferior playing and sound behavior. Especially in the demanding classical music sector such plastic sheets are therefore not accepted.
Bei Verwendung von herkömmlichen Mundstücken gemeinsam mit einem Kunststoffblatt kommt es durch Übersteuern des Kunststoffblattes zu hochfrequenten, quietschenden Geräuschen oder zu einem sonoren Schlagen, wodurch der Klang des Instrumentes schrill wird. Vor allem bei hoher Dynamik und starker Blaskraft wird das Aufschlagen des Blattes aus Kunststoff immer dominanter.When using conventional mouthpieces together with a plastic sheet, oversteer of the plastic sheet results in high-pitched, squeaking noises or sonorous hitting, making the sound of the instrument shrill becomes. Especially with high dynamics and strong blowing power, the impact of the plastic blade is becoming more and more dominant.
Im Dokument
Es besteht demnach insbesondere beim Einsatz von Kunststoffblättern Bedarf zur Verbesserung des Spielverhaltens und somit ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die zuvor beschriebenen Nachteile zu überwinden, und durch ein erfindungsgemäßes, neuartiges Mundstück Voraussetzungen zu schaffen, um Kunststoffblätter für das Spiel selbst im hoch professionellen Musikbereich einsetzen zu können. Besonderes Augenmerk ist dabei auf die verlustfreie Beibehaltung der charakteristischen, dunklen Klangfarbe dieser Holzblasinstrumente zu legen, weiters gilt es, ein unerwünschtes Übersteuern des Blattes generell zu verhindern.It is therefore particularly in the use of plastic sheets need to improve the game play and thus it is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages described above, and to provide by a inventive novel mouthpiece conditions to plastic sheets for the game itself in the highly professional music field to be able to use. Special attention is to be paid to the lossless maintenance of the characteristic, dark timbre of these woodwind instruments, furthermore it is necessary to prevent an undesirable oversteer of the sheet in general.
Eigene Untersuchungen und Berechnungen zeigten dazu folgendes: Die am Markt bereits erhältlichen Kunststoffblätter würden sehr wohl funktionieren, und zwar in erstaunlich klangintensivern Maße, wenn die Mundstücke anders als bisher konstruiert wären. Da das weiche Rohrholz auf natürliche Weise dämpft, das für ein konstantes Schwingungsverhalten notwendigerweise harte Kunststoffblatt diese Eigenschaft aber nicht besitzt, muss demnach die Mundstückbahn das schlagende Kunststoffblatt anders auffangen als bisher bekannt.Our own investigations and calculations showed the following: The already available on the market plastic sheets would work well, and in amazingly sound-intensive dimensions, if the mouthpieces were designed differently than before. Since the soft pipe wood dampens in a natural way, but for a constant vibration behavior necessarily hard plastic sheet does not have this property, therefore, the mouthpiece web catching the beating plastic sheet differently than previously known.
Die vorliegende Erfindung löst diese Aufgaben bei einem Mundstück der eingangs beschriebenen Art dadurch, dass auf einem Abschnitt der Bahn, auf dem das in Schwingungen versetzte Blatt aufschlägt, mindestens eine die Aufschlagfläche des Abschnittes der Bahn verringernde Ausnehmungquer zur Längsrichtung des Mundstücks sowie jeweils über die gesante Breite eines Schenkels einer Bahnöffnung vorgesehen ist.The present invention solves these problems in a mouthpiece of the type described above in that on a portion of the web on which the vibrated sheet strikes, at least one of the impact surface of the portion of the web reducing recess transverse to the longitudinal direction of the mouthpiece and each on the gesante Width of a leg of a web opening is provided.
Durch mindestens eine Ausnehmung bzw. durch eine Verringerung der Aufschlagfläche im Bereich der Bahn wird das Zusammenspiel von Mundstück und Blatt derart schwingungsdämpfend beeinflusst, dass eine Verwendung von alternativen Kunststoffblättern, anstatt der traditionellen Rohrblätter aus Holz, möglich wird und gleichzeitig ein vom Spieler unerwünschtes hochfrequentes Kicksen oder Quietschen während des Musizierens gemindert wird bzw. nicht mehr auftritt.By at least one recess or by a reduction of the impact surface in the region of the web, the interaction of mouthpiece and blade is so vibration damping influenced that a use of alternative plastic sheets, instead of the traditional reeds of wood, is possible and at the same time undesirable by the player high-frequency kicking or squealing during music making is diminished or no longer occurs.
In einer besonderen Ausführungsform ist das Mundstück dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Bereich, in dem mindestens eine Ausnehmung auf der Bahn vorgesehen ist, von dem freien Ende des Mundstücks entfernt in einem Abstand von 1 bis 40 mm, vorzugsweise von 2 bis 30 mm, befindet.In a particular embodiment, the mouthpiece is characterized in that the region in which at least one recess is provided on the web, away from the free end of the mouthpiece at a distance of 1 to 40 mm, preferably from 2 to 30 mm ,
Wie eigene Untersuchungen zeigten, ist für die Erfindung insbesondere der Kurvenverlauf desjenigen Teils der Bahn, der sich beim Musizieren im Mund des Bläsers befindet und auf dem das Blatt schwingt, relevant.As our own investigations have shown, the curve of that part of the web which is in the mouth of the fan during music making and on which the blade vibrates is relevant for the invention in particular.
Vorteilhafterweise ist das Mundstück durch mindestens eine Ausnehmung, vorzugsweise durch zwei bis fünf Ausnehmungen gekennzeichnet, die quer zur Längsrichtung angeordnet ist bzw. sind und dadurch die Aufschlagfläche auf mehrere, unterbrochene Bereiche verringert ist.Advantageously, the mouthpiece is characterized by at least one recess, preferably by two to five recesses arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction is or, and thereby the impact surface is reduced to a plurality of discontinuous areas.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass mit dieser Ausführungsform das gedämpfte Anschlagen des Blattes wesentlich effektiver erreicht wird als beispielsweise mit einer sehr fein strukturierten Oberfläche mit vielen feinen Kerben oder Rillen. Je mehr Auflagepunkte eine Bahn der Unterseite eines Blattes zum Aufschlagen bietet, umso stärker wird der dämpfende Effekt reduziert, da sich die Bahnkurve mehr und mehr ihrer derzeitigen Form annähert.It has been found that with this embodiment, the damped striking of the sheet is achieved much more effectively than, for example, with a very finely structured surface with many fine notches or grooves. The more bearing points a track offers to the underside of a blade for impact, the more the damping effect is reduced as the trajectory approaches more and more its current shape.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist das Mundstück dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausnehmung bzw. die Ausnehmungen unter Bildung von quer zur Längsrichtung angeordneten Aufschlaglinien sanft-wellig geformt ist bzw. sind.In a further advantageous embodiment, the mouthpiece is characterized in that the recess or the recesses is or are formed gently wavy to form impact lines arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction.
Der Formgebung der Ausnehmungen sind insofern Grenzen gesetzt, als dass die zu bearbeitende Aufschlagfläche beginnend mit dem freien Ende des Mundstückes vergleichsweise klein ist und die verbleibenden Aufschlaglinien bzw. Aufschlagpunkte als Erhöhungen auf der Aufschlagfläche an die Kontur des ausgelenkten Blattes angepasst sein müssen.The shape of the recesses are limited insofar as that the impact surface to be machined starting with the free end of the mouthpiece is relatively small and the remaining impact lines or impact points must be adapted as elevations on the impact surface to the contour of the deflected sheet.
Vorteilhafterweise sind die Ausnehmungen auf dem Mundstück derart gestaltet, dass die größte Tiefe der Ausnehmung bzw. der Ausnehmungen in einem Bereich von 0,005 mm bis 0,2 mm, vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 0,01 mm bis 0,1 mm liegt.Advantageously, the recesses on the mouthpiece are designed such that the greatest depth of the recess or the recesses is in a range of 0.005 mm to 0.2 mm, preferably in a range of 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm.
Zahlreiche, sehr kleine Wellen oder Kerben auf der Bahn, wie sie beispielsweise durch eine Bearbeitung mit Schleifscheiben oder als Frässpuren durch Vibrationen beim Fräsvorgang an der Oberfläche entstehen, dämpfen das Blatt nicht ab, sondern bieten in ihrer Gesamtheit dem Blatt wieder eine große Aufschlagfläche an und sind zu wenig tief, um diesen Dämpfungseffekt auch nur annähernd zu erzielen.Numerous, very small waves or notches on the web, as they arise, for example, by machining with grinding wheels or as milling tracks due to vibrations during the milling process on the surface, do not dampen the sheet, but in their entirety provide the sheet again a large impact surface and are not enough deep to even approximate this damping effect.
Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst ein wie zuvor beschriebenes Mundstück mit einem daran befestigten Blatt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Blatt aus Kunststoff gefertigt ist. Vorzugsweise kann ein solches Blatt aus Kunststoff rein maschinell hergestellt werden.A preferred embodiment comprises a mouthpiece as described above with a sheet attached thereto, characterized in that the sheet is made of plastic. Preferably, such a sheet of plastic can be made purely by machine.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Mundstück mit einer Bahn mit Ausnehmungen wirkt derart schwingungsdämpfend, dass auch mit einem Kunststoffblatt ein im Spiel- und Klangverhalten kaum hörbarer Unterschied gegenüber einem herkömmlichen Rohrblatt erzielt werden kann. Dabei gibt es keine spürbare Veränderung im Blasverhalten und es wird ein erstaunlich volles und weiches Tonvolumen ermöglicht. Das sonst laute Aufschlagen mit einem im Vergleich zum hölzernen Rohrblatt sehr harten Kunststoffmaterial wird durch die sozusagen punktuelle d.h. eigentlich kleinflächige Auflage der Mundstückbahn stark reduziert oder unterbleibt gänzlich.An inventive mouthpiece with a path with recesses acts so vibration damping that even with a plastic sheet in the play and sound behavior barely audible difference compared to a conventional reed can be achieved. There is no noticeable change in the blowing behavior and it allows a surprisingly full and soft tone volume. The otherwise loud beating with a compared to the wooden reed very hard plastic material is greatly reduced by the so-to-speak punctual ie actually small area edition of the mouthpiece or omitted completely.
Die genaue Anordnung einer oder mehrerer Ausnehmungen auf der Bahn des erfindungsgemäßen Mundstücks lässt sich durch Simulation des Schwingungsverhaltens am Computer feststellen. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, durch Versuche die optimalen Lagen der Ausnehmungen auf dem jeweiligen Mundstück festzulegen, wobei zu beachten ist, dass die Lagen der Ausnehmungen je nach Typ des Blasinstruments variieren können. Weiters ist noch das je nach Musiker individuelle Blasverhalten zu berücksichtigen, um ein optimales Schwingungsverhalten des Blattes und damit einen klangschönen Ton zu erreichen.The exact arrangement of one or more recesses on the path of the mouthpiece according to the invention can be determined by simulation of the vibration behavior on the computer. However, it is also possible to determine by trial the optimal positions of the recesses on the respective mouthpiece, it being noted that the positions of the recesses may vary depending on the type of wind instrument. Furthermore, depending on the musician individual blowing behavior is to be considered in order to achieve an optimal vibration behavior of the sheet and thus a beautiful sound.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele, auf die die Erfindung jedoch nicht beschränkt ist, unter Bezugnahme auf die folgenden Abbildungen näher beschrieben.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to several embodiments, to which the invention is not limited, with reference to the following figures.
Es zeigen:
-
Fig. 1 ein Mundstück in einer schematischen Darstellung von unten, wie es aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist. -
Fig. 2 ein Detail des Mundstücks, wie es aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist. In einer vergrößerten schematischen Darstellung wird in einer Seitenansicht das freie Ende eines solchen Mundstücks gezeigt. -
Fig. 3 ein erfindungsgemäßes Mundstück in einer schematischen Ansicht von unten. -
Fig. 4 ,Fig. 5 und Fig. 6 zeigen jeweils in einer vergrößerten, schematischen Darstellung von der Seite das freie Ende eines erfindungsgemäßen Mundstücks. Die Ausnehmungen im Bereich der Bahn sind dabei unterschiedlich ausgeführt, insgesamt jedoch extrem überhöht dargestellt. -
Fig. 7 bis Fig. 11 stellen jeweils in Diagrammform die Geometrie des Mundstücks und das Schwingungsverhalten des Blattes für unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen dar. -
Fig. 7 undFig. 8 beschreiben dabei den Stand der Technik. -
Fig. 9 bis Fig. 11 zeigen unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Mundstücks.
-
Fig. 1 a mouthpiece in a schematic representation from below, as is known from the prior art. -
Fig. 2 a detail of the mouthpiece, as known in the art. In an enlarged schematic representation of the free end of such a mouthpiece is shown in a side view. -
Fig. 3 an inventive mouthpiece in a schematic view from below. -
Fig. 4 .Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 each show in an enlarged, schematic representation of the side of the free end of a mouthpiece according to the invention. The recesses in the region of the web are designed differently, but overall extremely exaggerated. -
Fig. 7 to Fig. 11 represent in each case in diagram form the geometry of the mouthpiece and the vibration behavior of the blade for different embodiments. -
Fig. 7 andFig. 8 describe the state of the art. -
Fig. 9 to Fig. 11 show different embodiments of the mouthpiece according to the invention.
Zur Tonerzeugung bei einfachen Rohrblattinstrumenten wird vom Spieler ein meist hölzernes Rohrblatt mit einer Befestigungsklemme, der sogenannten Blattschraube, auf ein zum jeweiligen Blasinstrument passendes Mundstück gespannt. Dieses Blättchen wird während des Musizierens im Mundraum des Bläsers zum Schwingen angeregt und erzeugt so den Ton.For sound generation in simple reed instruments from the player usually a wooden reed with a mounting clamp, the so-called ligature, stretched on a matching wind instrument mouthpiece. This leaflet is made to vibrate during the making of music in the mouth of the horn and thus creates the sound.
Während des Musizierens wird das Blatt 9 durch leichten Druck der Unterlippe gegen die im Bereich der Bahnöffnung 2 gekrümmte Bahn 6 des Mundstücks gedrückt und durch gleichzeitiges Anblasen in Schwingung versetzt. Das Blatt 9 schwingt nun im Mundraum des Bläsers, soweit es die im Abschnitt 6' konvex gekrümmte Bahn 6 des Mundstücks 1 und der Ansatz, also der gewollte Lippendruck und die jeweilige Lippenstellung des Spielers zulassen. Mit dem Verschieben des Ansatzes bzw. des Druckpunktes 13 verkürzt oder verlängert der Musiker den Abstand des Spalts 14 zwischen Mundstück 1 und Blatt 9 entlang der gekrümmten Bahn 6, verkleinert bzw. vergrößert damit die Aufschlagfläche im Abschnitt 6' der Bahn 6 und beeinflusst so das Schwingungsverhalten des Blattes 9 sowie den Übergang in die einzelnen Lagen oder Tonhöhen seines Instrumentes und gestaltet dadurch das gesamte Spielverhalten und die gewünschten Klangfarben.During music making, the
In
In
In
Die hier gezeigte Schnittdruckkante 19 ist keine erfindungsgemäße Ausnehmung, denn sie befindet sich in dem Bereich der Bahn 6, der beim Musizieren außerhalb des Mundes bzw. zwischen dem Druckpunkt 13 und der Ausstichgrenze 18 liegt und in dem das Blatt nicht schwingend am Mundstück aufliegt. Eine derartige Schnittdruckkante verringert daher nicht die Aufschlagfläche im Abschnitt 6' der Bahn 6. Es wird durch die hier vorhandene Schnittdruckkante 19 damit auch nicht die erwünschte, erfindungsgemäße Dämpfungswirkung für das schwingende Blatt 9 erzielt. Um die Schnittdruckkante 19 auf dem Mundstück 1 besser darstellen zu können, ist in
Generell werden Bahnen 6 von Herstellern von Instrumenten oder Mundstücken maschinell auf das Mundstück 1 gefräst oder geschliffen. Dafür bietet jeder Hersteller für seine Mundstücke individuelle Krümmungsradien der Bahn 6 und unterschiedlich geformte Bahnöffnungen 2 an. Die Länge der Bahn 6, die Bahnöffnung 2 und der dazwischen liegende gekrümmte Verlauf der Bahn 6 können je nach Hersteller stark variieren. Es sind Bahnen 6 mit großen Längen, die fast bis an die Aufspannung des Blattes 9 zurückgeschliffen werden, aber auch mit sehr kurzen Längen bekannt, sowie Bahnöffnungen 2 von wenigen Zehntel Millimetern Weiten bis hin zu zwei bis drei Millimetern Weite. Die Maßangaben der Hersteller bezüglich der Längen und Öffnungen der Bahnen 6 erfolgen in Hundertstel Millimetern. Mundstücke werden manchmal auch noch vom Bläser selbst nachbearbeitet. Das Nachbearbeiten von Hand hat durchaus Tradition. Man versucht, die vom Hersteller vorgegebene Bahnöffnung 2 oder Krümmung der Bahn 6 nach eigenem Gefühl und Ermessen empirisch zu verbessern oder unerwünschte Schnittdruckkanten 19, wie in
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass das erfindungsgemäße Mundstück auch bei der Verwendung von hölzernen Rohrblättern das Ansprech- und Dämpfungsverhalten beim Musizieren sehr deutlich verbessert.It has been shown that the mouthpiece according to the invention, even when using wooden reeds, significantly improves the response and damping behavior when playing music.
Verrutscht der Ansatz bzw. Druckpunkt 13 des Musikers unbeabsichtigt während des Musizierens in den vorderen Bereich der Bahn 6 in Richtung der Spitze 3 des Mundstücks 1, so wird das schwingende Blatt 9 durch die verkleinerte Aufschlagfläche im Bereich 6' der Bahn 6 extrem gedämpft oder ganz gestoppt. Das Blatt kann, insbesondere wenn es aus Kunststoff gefertigt ist, nicht mehr so leicht in eine ungewollt hohe Frequenz übersteuern, ein Quietschen oder Kicksen wird gemindert oder tritt überhaupt nicht mehr auf.Slips the approach or
Claims (6)
- A mouth piece (1) for reed instruments comprising a path (6) forming an impingement surface and being preferably designed to be curved in convex fashion over its length for impingement of a reed (9) made to vibrate, characterized in that on one section (6') of the path (6), on which the reed (9) that is made to vibrate impinges, at least one recess (15) is provided, which reduces the impingement surface of the section (6') of the path (6) transversely to the longitudinal direction of the mouth piece (1) as well as in each case over the entire width of a segment (5) of a path opening (2).
- A mouth piece (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the region, in which the at least one recess (15) is provided on the path (6), is located spaced apart from the free end (3) of the mouth piece (1) by a distance of 1 to 40 mm, preferably from 2 to 30 mm.
- A mouth piece (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one recess (15), preferably two to five recesses (15), is /are arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction and that in this way the impingement surface is reduced to several smaller, discontinuous impingement surfaces (16).
- A mouth piece (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recess (15) or the recesses (15), respectively, is / are formed as a gently undulating profile forming impingement lines (17) arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction.
- A mouth piece (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the larger depth of the recess (15) or the recesses (15), respectively, is located in a range of 0.005 mm to 0.2 mm, preferably in a range of 0.01 to 0.1 mm.
- A mouth piece (1) according to any of claims 1 to 5 comprising a reed (9) fixed thereto, characterized in that the reed (9) is made of a plastic material and is preferably purely machine-made.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0170308A AT507515B1 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2008-10-31 | MOUTHPIECE FOR PIPE BLADE INSTRUMENTS |
PCT/EP2009/064464 WO2010049541A1 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2009-11-02 | Mouthpiece for reed instruments |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2351016A1 EP2351016A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
EP2351016B1 true EP2351016B1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
Family
ID=41508841
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09749076.7A Active EP2351016B1 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2009-11-02 | Mouthpiece for reed instruments |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2351016B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT507515B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010049541A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT514530B1 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2015-11-15 | Tech Universität Wien | Device for a wind instrument, mouthpiece and reed |
FR3049377B1 (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2018-03-30 | Syos | METHOD OF TESTING A MOUTHPIECE FOR A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1300192A (en) * | 1961-06-14 | 1962-08-03 | Improvement of the clarinet and saxophone mouthpieces | |
US4337683A (en) * | 1980-07-22 | 1982-07-06 | Backus John G | Synthetic woodwind instrument reed and method for its manufacture |
US4308781A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1982-01-05 | Mcguerty Jay S | Saxophone mouthpiece having boundary layer control means |
FR2622725A1 (en) * | 1987-01-26 | 1989-05-05 | Sanchez Bernard | Reeds made of carbon composites |
FR2626400A2 (en) * | 1987-01-26 | 1989-07-28 | Sanchez Bernard | Composite reeds |
US6087571A (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 2000-07-11 | Legere Reeds Ltd. | Oriented polymer reeds for musical instruments |
EP1324310A1 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-02 | Pierre-André Taillard | Mouthpiece for a musical instrument with a reed |
-
2008
- 2008-10-31 AT AT0170308A patent/AT507515B1/en active
-
2009
- 2009-11-02 WO PCT/EP2009/064464 patent/WO2010049541A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-11-02 EP EP09749076.7A patent/EP2351016B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AT507515A1 (en) | 2010-05-15 |
AT507515B1 (en) | 2010-08-15 |
EP2351016A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
WO2010049541A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
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