EP1324310A1 - Mouthpiece for a musical instrument with a reed - Google Patents

Mouthpiece for a musical instrument with a reed Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1324310A1
EP1324310A1 EP01811275A EP01811275A EP1324310A1 EP 1324310 A1 EP1324310 A1 EP 1324310A1 EP 01811275 A EP01811275 A EP 01811275A EP 01811275 A EP01811275 A EP 01811275A EP 1324310 A1 EP1324310 A1 EP 1324310A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reed
spout
interlayer
intended
chamfer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01811275A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre-André Taillard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP01811275A priority Critical patent/EP1324310A1/en
Priority to PCT/CH2002/000720 priority patent/WO2003056543A1/en
Priority to EP02782629A priority patent/EP1461803A1/en
Priority to US10/500,535 priority patent/US6921853B2/en
Priority to AU2002347127A priority patent/AU2002347127A1/en
Priority to JP2003556982A priority patent/JP2005513578A/en
Publication of EP1324310A1 publication Critical patent/EP1324310A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D7/00—General design of wind musical instruments
    • G10D7/06—Beating-reed wind instruments, e.g. single or double reed wind instruments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
    • G10D9/02—Mouthpieces; Reeds; Ligatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
    • G10D9/02—Mouthpieces; Reeds; Ligatures
    • G10D9/035—Reeds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to instruments with a single swing reed, especially clarinets and saxophones, which have a hole forming an air column vibrated by the player to generate sounds. It relates more particularly to its part comprising a spout, a reed and a ligature intended to be mouthpieces to breathe air into the instrument and vibrate the air column.
  • this part is called mouthpiece, to avoid any confusion with the word "Mouth”, which here exclusively designates the manner of taking the instrument in the mouth.
  • the spout has a table including a portion curved and a substantially flat portion, intended to serve as a support for the reed.
  • Clarinetists complain, since the invention of their instrument, there is more of three centuries, difficulty in obtaining reeds that meet perfectly to their expectation. Also, instrument makers and inventors have strived to improve the performance of mouthpieces and reeds. Today, it is not so much the accuracy of the reed bill, made in reed, which is involved, but rather the intrinsic irregularities of the matter that composes it.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks and to allow better control of these parameters.
  • the spout and the reed define between them an opening intended to allow air to penetrate, to generate sound vibrations.
  • the air then flows into the chamber and into the bore, in a direction general called longitudinal.
  • It is characterized in that it comprises, moreover, present during the sound production, a spacer sandwiched between the tables of the spout and the reed, and arranged so that the relative position of the spout and the reed, and consequently the reed's vibration conditions, vary in depending on the position of the interlayer.
  • the interlayer is advantageously removable and covers at least part of the curved portion of the first table. In this way, the length and / or curvature of the curved portion can be changed, and a longitudinal displacement allows its characteristics to be finely modulated.
  • the present invention also relates to a spacer intended to equip such a mouthpiece.
  • This interlayer has a chamfer at least one of its ends, intended to be arranged facing the bevel of the reed.
  • the film consists of a superposition of sheets thin attached to each other, the number of overlapping sheets going decreasing to form the chamfer.
  • the angle at the top of the chamfer is weak, advantageously less than 3 °.
  • the shape of the chamfer of the interlayer makes it possible to modify the characteristics of the curved portion of the table. Several forms are possible, chosen according to the modifications to be made.
  • the chamfer can thus as well be straight as convex or concave.
  • chamfer To prevent too large a portion of the room from being obscured by the interlayer, its end comprising the chamfer is provided with a cutout practiced throughout its thickness and arranged laterally in its part median. This cut defines two fingers arranged so as to take support on the curved portion of the spout table, and a notch defined by these fingers and intended to clear access to the room.
  • the choice of material plays a role in the working conditions of the reed on beak. It is also necessary that the material used makes it possible to confer the desired shape in the interlayer. It is thus interesting to call upon a material capable of being worked by plastic deformation, for example an aluminum alloy.
  • the interface must be made of a weakly elastic material, it is interesting to make the interlayer in a plastic material.
  • the desired shapes can beings obtained by simple and inexpensive means, by heating and crushing of the parts to be deformed.
  • the interlayer on a portion of one of its sides, with a repositionable adhesive layer, it is possible ensure safe and easily adjustable positioning.
  • This layer can also act on the interface conditions between the reed and the mouthpiece. The thickness and the surface can therefore be adjusted accordingly. In general, however, the layer does not completely cover the interlayer, so that it can be take off easily.
  • the mouthpiece shown in Figures 1 and 2 is of the type intended to equip a clarinet.
  • a similar model can be adapted to a saxophone or any another instrument with a single swing reed. It has a spout 10, a reed 12 and a ligature which has not been shown in the drawing, in order to avoid it overload. It further comprises an insert 14, disposed between the spout 10 and reed 12, the structure and function of which will be specified below.
  • the spout 10 has an oblong shape, with a front part 16 intended to be fitted, and a cylindrical rear part, forming a tenon 18, and arranged to be fixed to the barrel of the clarinet.
  • the front part 16 comes from a substantially conical shape, truncated by two surfaces 20 and 22.
  • Surface 20 forms a table comprising two portions one of which 20a, substantially planar, is close to the tenon 18, and the other 20b, curved occupies the front of the beak 10.
  • the lug 18 is of generally cylindrical shape and carries, at its periphery and in an ad hoc concentric recess, a cork seal 24, intended to ensure a tight connection with the barrel.
  • the surface 22 constitutes the part of the beak called chin rest and forms, with the surface 20, an acute angle, which defines the whistle shape of the end of the beak, in its part to be mouthed.
  • the spout 10 is crossed by a channel, connecting the surface 20 to the central part tenon 18, and intended to ensure the passage of air from the mouth to the instrument body. It consists of a room 26 - delimited by a vault 26a, a wall opposite the vault and hidden in the drawing, and two walls 26b - opening in portion 20b to define the part of the spout usually called light, and of a bore 27, slightly shaped conical, concentric to the tenon, opening into the chamber and extending into the barrel and then into the clarinet tube, not shown to the drawing.
  • the hole 27 delimits a column of air vibrated under the effect oscillations of the reed and whose frequency defines the sound emitted.
  • the reed 12 consists, in a manner well known to those skilled in the art, of a plate made from a portion of reed of the Arundo donax species , having a flat underside which constitutes a table 28, a heel 30, curved on the opposite side to the table 28, which serves as a support for the ligature to fix the reed 12 on the spout 10, and a bevel 32, whose thinned structure ensures its vibration .
  • the reed is shown above the spout, so as to leave visible the tab 14.
  • the table 28 has however been marked with dotted lines in its working position, identified by the reference 28 '.
  • the interlayer 14 is formed from a film of stable material, for example in aluminum or plastic. As can be seen in Figures 3 and 4, it has a rear part 34, forming the body of the interlayer and according to its shape, to modify the distance and the inclination of the reed 12 with reference to the spout 10, a front part 36 intended to adjust the characteristics of the curvature of the portion 20b, and a central part 38 connecting the front 36 and rear 34 parts. This middle part 38 is called to extend the front part 36 or the rear part 34, depending on the position longitudinal of the insert on the spout 10.
  • the thickness of the rear part 34 is constant.
  • the front part has a chamfer 40, better visible in Figure 4, tapering towards the end of the spout 10 as well as two fingers 42 and 44 each extending on one side of the chamber 26 and partially covering the end of the side walls 26b and defining a cutout 46 making it possible to prevent the chamber 26 from being obstructed, even if the interlayer 14 is placed far forward on the spout 10.
  • the reed was pressed directly by its table 28 against the portion plane 20a of the spout 10. Because of the curved shape of the portion 20b, the front parts of the mouthpiece 10 and the reed 12 are spaced from one another and form an opening 48 opening into the chamber 26 and allowing the clarinetist to produce a sound by beating the reed, by injecting the air.
  • the interlayer 14, affixed to the surface 20 and partially covering the surface 20b forms a new table, called here virtual, having another curvature and / or another length of the portion curved, depending on the shape of the front part 36 and median 38, if applicable applicable.
  • the quality of the sounds emitted depends on many parameters, in particular the body of the instrument, but also of the reed 12 and the way in which it vibrates on the mouthpiece 10.
  • this part of the instrument is very sensitive to minute differences in structure and surrounding conditions, thermal, hygrometric and barometric.
  • a clarinetist Whenever a clarinetist occurs, he must choose a reed adapted to the work to be performed, to the tone of the instrument used and the acoustic environment. To increase the probability of having an optimal reed, the clarinetist must make it "Maturing" a large number, which is costly and time consuming.
  • the The optimal operating period for each reed is quite short.
  • the interlayer 14 provides a simple, economical and original to the problem mentioned above, in particular because it adapts to any type of spout, without requiring any prior modification. Such a solution also allows a teacher to direct their student to techniques more suitable mouthpiece and support, developing flexibility and sensitivity to variations in tone.
  • this insert 14 modifies the conditions for connecting the reed 12 to the mouthpiece 10, and thereby the quality of the sound, depending on the shape, position and material of the interlayer 14.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a range of dividers, allowing to ensure such adjustments, respectively seen from above and from the side. Sure these figures, the references were only put on a part of them only, to avoid overloading the drawing.
  • the interlayer 14 shown in a is rectangular in shape, cut from a film of constant thickness. It is intended to be interposed between the flat portion 20a of the spout and the table 28 of the reed 12.
  • the material chosen will define the interface qualities, while the thickness will ensure the adjustment of the opening 48.
  • This insert may also include a chamfer, as shown in FIG. 4, seen from the side, in h or in i . In this case, it may slightly overflow onto the curved portion 20b, however little enough not to obstruct the chamber 26 too much.
  • the spacers shown in b , c , d , e , and f allow a strong engagement on the curved portion 20b, thanks to the cutout 46 with which they are provided, defined by the fingers 42 and 44.
  • This cutout 46 can have several shapes. Thus, it is in half-ellipse in b and trapezoidal in c . In d , we find the trapezoidal shape, completed by a triangular structure.
  • the spacers shown in e and f have only two very short fingers 42 and 44, so that the cutout 46 is small. It is completed by holes 50 made in the front part 36, and protruding in the middle part 38.
  • the interlayer 14 shown in perspective in g in FIG. 4 has a shape very simple, with rear 34 and middle 38 parts of constant thickness, while the front part 36 forms the chamfer 40. It can be produced by superimposition of thin sheets, from a few ⁇ m to a few hundredths of millimeters thick, e.g. thermo-adhesive plastic, sheets being fixed to each other by heating.
  • the tab a advantageously a thickness of between 0.01 and 0.2 mm.
  • the embodiment illustrated in h is similar to g in its structure, the chamfer 40 however being regular and without stairs.
  • Such a structure can be produced by means of an aluminum alloy sheet, the edges of which would be flattened in a rolling mill.
  • the angle of the chamfer 40 is greater than in h .
  • this angle is advantageously less than 3 °, typically 0.1 to 0.3 °.
  • the embodiments shown in j , k and l are provided with a curved front portion 36.
  • the rear part 34 is inclined towards its free part at j , decreasing towards the middle part 38 in k , while at l , the tab shown does not have a rear part.
  • These latter structures allow, by the bulging of the front part 36, a reduction in the length of the curved portion of the virtual table of the spout.
  • the support conditions of the reed 12 on the portion 20a of the table of the spout, and therefore of the opening 48, can be modified as a function of the structure of the rear part 34.
  • the interlayer presented in m has a thick rear part 34 which decreases towards the middle part 38, thus considerably modifying the support conditions of the reed 12 on the portion 20a of the table of the spout 10.
  • Its front part 36, forming the chamfer 40 has a concave shape, which only slightly modifies the shape of the portion 20b in its front part, whereas it strongly modifies its part close to the portion 20a. In this way, the length of the virtual table is increased.
  • spacers provided with lateral positioning means made by folding its front part 36, engaging in chamber 26 and / or conforming to the shape of the outside of the spout 10.
  • the interlayer 14 is affixed to the table of the spout 10. It can however, also be applied to table 28 of reed 12.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Music (AREA)

Abstract

The mouthpiece (10) comprises a reed (12) and a ligature for fixing the reed to the mouthpiece. An insert (14) is inserted between the reed and the mouthpiece for optimizing the vibratory behavior of the reed by modification of the mouthpiece table (20). The insert consists of a thin plastic or metal film with a chamfered profile and provided with an adhesive.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte aux instruments à anche simple battante, en particulier aux clarinettes et aux saxophones, qui comportent une perce formant une colonne d'air mise en vibration par l'instrumentiste pour générer des sons. Elle concerne plus particulièrement sa partie comportant un bec, une anche et une ligature destinée à être embouchée pour insuffler l'air dans l'instrument et mettre la colonne d'air en vibration. Dans le présent document, cette partie, est appelée embouchoir, pour éviter toute confusion avec le mot « embouchure », qui désigne ici exclusivement la manière de prendre l'instrument en bouche. Le bec comporte une table comprenant une portion incurvée et une portion sensiblement plane, destinée à servir d'appui à l'anche.The present invention relates to instruments with a single swing reed, especially clarinets and saxophones, which have a hole forming an air column vibrated by the player to generate sounds. It relates more particularly to its part comprising a spout, a reed and a ligature intended to be mouthpieces to breathe air into the instrument and vibrate the air column. In this document, this part, is called mouthpiece, to avoid any confusion with the word "Mouth", which here exclusively designates the manner of taking the instrument in the mouth. The spout has a table including a portion curved and a substantially flat portion, intended to serve as a support for the reed.

Pour bien comprendre le fonctionnement de ce type d'instruments, on se réfèrera avantageusement à l'ouvrage intitulé « Clarinette mon amie » Ernest Ferron, éditions IMD 1994.To fully understand how this type of instrument works, we advantageously refer to the work entitled "Clarinet my friend" Ernest Ferron, IMD editions 1994.

Les clarinettistes se plaignent, depuis l'invention de leur instrument, il y a plus de trois siècles, de la difficulté à se procurer des anches répondant parfaitement à leur attente. Aussi, les facteurs d'instruments et les inventeurs se sont ingéniés à améliorer les performances des becs et des anches. Aujourd'hui, ce n'est pas tant la précision de la facture de l'anche, faite en roseau, qui est en cause, mais plutôt les irrégularités intrinsèques de la matière qui la compose.Clarinetists complain, since the invention of their instrument, there is more of three centuries, difficulty in obtaining reeds that meet perfectly to their expectation. Also, instrument makers and inventors have strived to improve the performance of mouthpieces and reeds. Today, it is not so much the accuracy of the reed bill, made in reed, which is involved, but rather the intrinsic irregularities of the matter that composes it.

On peut considérer une anche comme un ressort dont les caractéristiques varient en fonction de sa forme, de la structure de la matière, de son taux d'humidité et de l'état de fatigue et de la transformation, chimique et structurelle des fibres qu'elle comporte, due au vieillissement et à la lumière.We can consider a reed as a spring whose characteristics vary depending on its shape, the structure of the material, its rate humidity and fatigue and processing, chemical and structural fibers it contains, due to aging and light.

Il arrive souvent que l'anche soit bonne en soi, mais qu'elle n'interagit pas de manière satisfaisante avec le bec sur lequel on la pose. Le clarinettiste en prend une autre ou la retravaille alors pour l'adapter plus intimement à ce bec, activité qui demande un savoir-faire important. It often happens that the reed is good in itself, but that it does not interact satisfactorily with the spout on which it is placed. The clarinetist in take another one or rework it then to adapt it more intimately to this beak, activity that requires significant know-how.

Il a également été proposé des dispositifs destinés à être associés à l'embouchoir, pour tirer le meilleur profit des anches disponibles, par exemple des modèles particuliers de ligatures. Une telle solution est décrite dans le document US 1,896,814. Dans l'instrument décrit, le bec comporte une gorge dans sa table, et la ligature est agencée de manière à pouvoir exercer une pression au niveau de la gorge, de façon à faire fléchir l'anche et à modifier ainsi l'ouverture.It has also been proposed devices intended to be associated with the mouthpiece, to make the most of the available reeds, for example particular models of ligatures. Such a solution is described in the document US 1,896,814. In the instrument described, the beak has a groove in his table, and the ligature is arranged so that it can exert a pressure in the throat to flex the reed and modify thus opening.

Le document US 3,791,253 décrit une ligature munie d'une pièce amovible et susceptible de venir prendre appui sur l'anche. En déplaçant cette pièce longitudinalement, il est possible de modifier les caractéristiques élastiques de l'anche.Document US 3,791,253 describes a ligature provided with a removable part and likely to come to rest on the reed. By moving this piece longitudinally, it is possible to modify the elastic characteristics of the reed.

Le document US 2,224,719 prévoit l'adjonction d'un ressort faisant pression sur la face intérieure de l'anche, la fixation et la pression étant assurées par une vis engagée dans un trou que comporte l'anche. Cette solution modifie également les caractéristiques élastiques de l'anche. En outre, le fait de la percer peut considérablement changer son comportement, et de manière difficilement prévisible.Document US 2,224,719 provides for the addition of a pressure spring on the inner face of the reed, the fixing and the pressure being ensured by a screw engaged in a hole in the reed. This solution modifies also the elastic characteristics of the reed. Furthermore, the fact of the breaking can significantly change their behavior, and in a way hardly predictable.

Dans ces trois cas, le spectre des modifications possibles reste limité à un paramètre. Or, il apparaít qu'en plus de l'élasticité de l'anche, pouvant être modifiée par les dispositifs décrits dans les documents US 3,791,253 ou US 2,224,719, ou la dimension de l'ouverture comprise entre le bec et l'extrémité de l'anche, modifiable au moyen du dispositif décrit dans le document US 1,896,814, cinq paramètres relatifs à l'interaction du bec et de l'anche jouent un rôle essentiel. Trois concernent la portion incurvée de la table, soit sa longueur, sa courbure et son asymétrie latérale. A cela s'ajoutent les conditions d'interface entre l'anche et le bec, et l'inclinaison de l'anche en référence à la voûte de la chambre.In these three cases, the spectrum of possible modifications remains limited to one setting. However, it appears that in addition to the elasticity of the reed, which can be modified by the devices described in documents US 3,791,253 or US 2,224,719, or the dimension of the opening between the spout and the end reed, modifiable by means of the device described in the document US 1,896,814, five parameters relating to the interaction of the beak and the reed play an essential role. Three relate to the curved portion of the table, namely its length, curvature and lateral asymmetry. To this are added the interface conditions between the reed and the mouthpiece, and the inclination of the reed in reference to the vault of the room.

Le but de la présente invention est de pallier ces inconvénients et de permettre une meilleure maítrise de ces paramètres.The purpose of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks and to allow better control of these parameters.

Selon l'invention, l'embouchoir comporte :

  • un bec muni
    • d'une chambre, comprenant une voûte, une paroi opposée à la voûte, et deux parois latérales, et d'une perce, destinées à permettre l'écoulement de l'air et la circulation des ondes sonores vers le baril puis le tube de l'instrument, et
    • d'une première table comprenant une portion incurvée, disposée latéralement de part et d'autre de la chambre et formant l'extrémité des parois, et une portion sensiblement plane disposée au-dessus de la chambre et de la perce, dans le prolongement de la portion incurvée,
  • une anche comportant
    • un talon, destiné à être fixé au bec,
    • un biseau destiné à vibrer, et
    • une deuxième table, s'étendant sur toute sa longueur et formant l'une des faces du talon et du biseau,
    agencée pour prendre appui, par la partie de sa table associée au talon contre la portion plane de la première table, et
  • une ligature, pour assurer l'assemblage de l'anche sur le bec.
According to the invention, the mouthpiece comprises:
  • a spout fitted
    • a chamber, comprising a vault, a wall opposite to the vault, and two side walls, and a bore, intended to allow the flow of air and the circulation of sound waves towards the barrel then the tube the instrument, and
    • a first table comprising a curved portion, disposed laterally on either side of the chamber and forming the end of the walls, and a substantially flat portion disposed above the chamber and the bore, in the extension of the curved portion,
  • a reed with
    • a heel, intended to be fixed to the spout,
    • a bevel intended to vibrate, and
    • a second table, extending over its entire length and forming one of the faces of the heel and the bevel,
    arranged to bear, by the part of its table associated with the heel against the flat portion of the first table, and
  • a ligature, to ensure the assembly of the reed on the beak.

Dans cet embouchoir, le bec et l'anche définissent entre eux une ouverture destinée à laisser pénétrer l'air, pour engendrer des vibrations sonores. L'air s'écoule ensuite dans la chambre et dans la perce, selon une direction générale dite longitudinale.In this mouthpiece, the spout and the reed define between them an opening intended to allow air to penetrate, to generate sound vibrations. The air then flows into the chamber and into the bore, in a direction general called longitudinal.

Il est caractérisé en ce que qu'il comporte, en outre, présent lors de la production sonore, un intercalaire enserré entre les tables du bec et de l'anche, et agencé de manière à ce que la position relative du bec et de l'anche, et en conséquence les conditions de vibration de l'anche, varient en fonction de la position de l'intercalaire.It is characterized in that it comprises, moreover, present during the sound production, a spacer sandwiched between the tables of the spout and the reed, and arranged so that the relative position of the spout and the reed, and consequently the reed's vibration conditions, vary in depending on the position of the interlayer.

Dans cet embouchoir, l'intercalaire est avantageusement amovible et couvre une partie au moins de la portion incurvée de la première table. De la sorte, la longueur et/ou la courbure de la portion incurvée peut être modifiée, et un déplacement longitudinal permet de moduler finement ses caractéristiques. In this mouthpiece, the interlayer is advantageously removable and covers at least part of the curved portion of the first table. In this way, the length and / or curvature of the curved portion can be changed, and a longitudinal displacement allows its characteristics to be finely modulated.

La présente invention concerne également un intercalaire destiné à équiper un tel embouchoir. Cet intercalaire présente un chanfrein à l'une au moins de ses extrémités, destinée à être disposée en regard du biseau de l'anche.The present invention also relates to a spacer intended to equip such a mouthpiece. This interlayer has a chamfer at least one of its ends, intended to be arranged facing the bevel of the reed.

Il est possible d'ajuster la dimension de l'ouverture et les caractéristiques de la portion incurvée de la table avec un intercalaire comportant un corps adjacent au chanfrein, se présentant sous la forme d'un film d'épaisseur linéairement dépendante de la cote longitudinale.It is possible to adjust the size of the opening and the characteristics of the curved portion of the table with a spacer comprising a body adjacent to the chamfer, in the form of a thick film linearly dependent on the longitudinal dimension.

De manière avantageuse, le film est constitué d'une superposition de feuilles minces fixées les unes aux autres, le nombre de feuilles superposées allant décroissant pour former le chanfrein.Advantageously, the film consists of a superposition of sheets thin attached to each other, the number of overlapping sheets going decreasing to form the chamfer.

Pour permettre une correction fine, il est nécessaire que l'angle au sommet du chanfrein soit faible, avantageusement inférieur à 3°.To allow a fine correction, it is necessary that the angle at the top of the chamfer is weak, advantageously less than 3 °.

La forme du chanfrein de l'intercalaire permet de modifier les caractéristiques de la portion incurvée de la table. Plusieurs formes sont envisageables, choisies en fonction des modifications à apporter. Le chanfrein peut ainsi aussi bien être droit que convexe ou concave.The shape of the chamfer of the interlayer makes it possible to modify the characteristics of the curved portion of the table. Several forms are possible, chosen according to the modifications to be made. The chamfer can thus as well be straight as convex or concave.

Afin d'éviter qu'une portion trop grande de la chambre ne soit masquée par l'intercalaire, son extrémité comportant le chanfrein est munie d'une découpe pratiquée dans toute son épaisseur et disposée latéralement dans sa partie médiane. Cette découpe définit deux doigts disposés de manière à prendre appui sur la portion incurvée de la table du bec, et une échancrure définie par ces doigts et destinée à bien dégager l'accès à la chambre.To prevent too large a portion of the room from being obscured by the interlayer, its end comprising the chamfer is provided with a cutout practiced throughout its thickness and arranged laterally in its part median. This cut defines two fingers arranged so as to take support on the curved portion of the spout table, and a notch defined by these fingers and intended to clear access to the room.

Le choix du matériau joue un rôle dans les conditions de travail de l'anche sur le bec. Il est aussi nécessaire que la matière utilisée permette de conférer la forme voulue à l'intercalaire. Il est ainsi intéressant de faire appel à un matériau susceptible d'être travaillé par déformation plastique, par exemple à un alliage d'aluminium.The choice of material plays a role in the working conditions of the reed on beak. It is also necessary that the material used makes it possible to confer the desired shape in the interlayer. It is thus interesting to call upon a material capable of being worked by plastic deformation, for example an aluminum alloy.

Dans le cas où l'interface doit être en un matériau faiblement élastique, il est intéressant de réaliser l'intercalaire en une matière plastique. In the case where the interface must be made of a weakly elastic material, it is interesting to make the interlayer in a plastic material.

Si cette dernière est de type thermoformable, les formes souhaitées peuvent êtres obtenues par des moyens simples et peu coûteux, par échauffement et écrasement des parties à déformer.If the latter is of the thermoformable type, the desired shapes can beings obtained by simple and inexpensive means, by heating and crushing of the parts to be deformed.

Il est apparu qu'en munissant l'intercalaire, sur une portion de l'une de ses faces, d'une couche adhésive de type repositionnable, il est possible d'assurer un positionnement sûr et facilement ajustable. Cette couche peut agir aussi sur les conditions d'interface entre l'anche et le bec. L'épaisseur et la surface peuvent donc être ajustées en conséquence. En général, toutefois, la couche ne couvre pas complètement l'intercalaire, de manière à pouvoir le décoller facilement.It appeared that by providing the interlayer, on a portion of one of its sides, with a repositionable adhesive layer, it is possible ensure safe and easily adjustable positioning. This layer can also act on the interface conditions between the reed and the mouthpiece. The thickness and the surface can therefore be adjusted accordingly. In general, however, the layer does not completely cover the interlayer, so that it can be take off easily.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre, faite en regard du dessin annexé, dans lequel:

  • Les figures 1 et 2 montrent un embouchoir de clarinette selon l'invention respectivement vu en perspective et de son côté destiné à recevoir une anche, défini comme « dessus » dans la présente description, et
  • Les figures 3 et 4 illustrent respectivement vus de dessus et de côté, différents types d'intercalaires susceptibles d'équiper l'embouchoir selon l'invention.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawing, in which:
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a clarinet mouthpiece according to the invention respectively seen in perspective and on its side intended to receive a reed, defined as “above” in the present description, and
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate respectively seen from above and from the side, different types of spacers capable of equipping the mouthpiece according to the invention.

Sur les figures 1 et 4, les échelles ne sont pas respectées. Plus précisément, les épaisseurs des intercalaires ont été fortement exagérées, de manière à ce que leur forme soit visible.In Figures 1 and 4, the scales are not respected. More precisely, the thicknesses of the dividers have been greatly exaggerated, so that their shape is visible.

L'embouchoir représenté aux figures 1 et 2 est du type destiné à équiper une clarinette. Un modèle similaire peut être adapté à un saxophone ou à tout autre instrument à anche simple battante. Il comporte un bec 10, une anche 12 et une ligature qui n'a pas été représentée au dessin, pour éviter de le surcharger. Il comprend, en outre, un intercalaire 14, disposé entre le bec 10 et l'anche 12, et dont la structure et la fonction seront précisées ci-après. The mouthpiece shown in Figures 1 and 2 is of the type intended to equip a clarinet. A similar model can be adapted to a saxophone or any another instrument with a single swing reed. It has a spout 10, a reed 12 and a ligature which has not been shown in the drawing, in order to avoid it overload. It further comprises an insert 14, disposed between the spout 10 and reed 12, the structure and function of which will be specified below.

De manière classique, le bec 10 présente une forme oblongue, avec une partie avant 16 destinée à être embouchée, et une partie arrière cylindrique, formant un tenon 18, et agencée pour être fixée au baril de la clarinette. La partie avant 16 est issue d'une forme sensiblement conique, tronqué par deux surfaces 20 et 22. La surface 20 forme une table comportant deux portions dont l'une 20a, sensiblement plane est voisine du tenon 18, et l'autre 20b, incurvée occupe l'avant du bec 10.Conventionally, the spout 10 has an oblong shape, with a front part 16 intended to be fitted, and a cylindrical rear part, forming a tenon 18, and arranged to be fixed to the barrel of the clarinet. The front part 16 comes from a substantially conical shape, truncated by two surfaces 20 and 22. Surface 20 forms a table comprising two portions one of which 20a, substantially planar, is close to the tenon 18, and the other 20b, curved occupies the front of the beak 10.

Le tenon 18 est de forme générale cylindrique et porte, à sa périphérie et dans un évidement concentrique ad hoc, un joint 24 en liège, destiné à assurer une liaison étanche avec le baril.The lug 18 is of generally cylindrical shape and carries, at its periphery and in an ad hoc concentric recess, a cork seal 24, intended to ensure a tight connection with the barrel.

La surface 22 constitue la partie du bec appelée mentonnière et forme, avec la surface 20, un angle aigu, qui définit la forme en sifflet de l'extrémité du bec, dans sa partie devant être embouchée.The surface 22 constitutes the part of the beak called chin rest and forms, with the surface 20, an acute angle, which defines the whistle shape of the end of the beak, in its part to be mouthed.

Le bec 10 est traversé par un canal, reliant la surface 20 à la partie centrale du tenon 18, et destiné à assurer le passage de l'air de la bouche vers le corps de l'instrument. Il est formé d'une chambre 26 - délimitée par une voûte 26a, une paroi opposée à la voûte et masquée sur le dessin, et deux parois latérales 26b - s'ouvrant dans la portion 20b pour définir la partie du bec habituellement appelée lumière, et d'une perce 27, de forme légèrement conique, concentrique au tenon, débouchant dans la chambre et se prolongeant dans le baril puis dans le tube de la clarinette, non représentés au dessin. La perce 27 délimite une colonne d'air mise en vibration sous l'effet des oscillations de l'anche et dont la fréquence définit le son émis.The spout 10 is crossed by a channel, connecting the surface 20 to the central part tenon 18, and intended to ensure the passage of air from the mouth to the instrument body. It consists of a room 26 - delimited by a vault 26a, a wall opposite the vault and hidden in the drawing, and two walls 26b - opening in portion 20b to define the part of the spout usually called light, and of a bore 27, slightly shaped conical, concentric to the tenon, opening into the chamber and extending into the barrel and then into the clarinet tube, not shown to the drawing. The hole 27 delimits a column of air vibrated under the effect oscillations of the reed and whose frequency defines the sound emitted.

L'anche 12 est constituée, de manière bien connue de l'homme du métier, d'une plaquette faite à partir d'une portion de roseau de l'espèce Arundo donax, présentant une face inférieure plane qui constitue une table 28, un talon 30, bombé du côté opposé à la table 28, qui sert d'appui à la ligature pour fixer l'anche 12 sur le bec 10, et d'un biseau 32, dont la structure amincie permet d'assurer sa mise en vibration. Sur la figure 1, l'anche est représentée au-dessus du bec, de manière à laisser visible l'intercalaire 14. La table 28 a toutefois été marquée en pointillés dans sa position de travail, identifiée par la référence 28'.The reed 12 consists, in a manner well known to those skilled in the art, of a plate made from a portion of reed of the Arundo donax species , having a flat underside which constitutes a table 28, a heel 30, curved on the opposite side to the table 28, which serves as a support for the ligature to fix the reed 12 on the spout 10, and a bevel 32, whose thinned structure ensures its vibration . In Figure 1, the reed is shown above the spout, so as to leave visible the tab 14. The table 28 has however been marked with dotted lines in its working position, identified by the reference 28 '.

L'intercalaire 14 est formé d'un film en matériau stable, par exemple en aluminium ou en matière plastique. Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 3 et 4, il comporte une partie arrière 34, formant le corps de l'intercalaire et permettant, selon sa forme, de modifier la distance et l'inclinaison de l'anche 12 en référence au bec 10, une partie avant 36 destinée à ajuster les caractéristiques de la courbure de la portion 20b, et une partie médiane 38 reliant les parties avant 36 et arrière 34. Cette partie médiane 38 est appelée à prolonger la partie avant 36 ou la partie arrière 34, suivant la position longitudinale de l'intercalaire sur le bec 10. La distinction entre ces trois parties 34, 36 et 38 est donc avant tout fonctionnelle et non exclusivement morphologique, et elle dépend de la courbure de la portion incurvée 20b de la table du bec utilisé. Les limites entre les parties 34, 36 et 38 indiquées sur les figures 3 et 4 sont donc approximatives, comme ladite courbure n'est pas connue a priori.The interlayer 14 is formed from a film of stable material, for example in aluminum or plastic. As can be seen in Figures 3 and 4, it has a rear part 34, forming the body of the interlayer and according to its shape, to modify the distance and the inclination of the reed 12 with reference to the spout 10, a front part 36 intended to adjust the characteristics of the curvature of the portion 20b, and a central part 38 connecting the front 36 and rear 34 parts. This middle part 38 is called to extend the front part 36 or the rear part 34, depending on the position longitudinal of the insert on the spout 10. The distinction between these three parts 34, 36 and 38 is therefore above all functional and not exclusively morphological, and it depends on the curvature of the curved portion 20b of the spout table used. The limits between parts 34, 36 and 38 indicated on the Figures 3 and 4 are therefore approximate, as said curvature is not known a priori.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 1 et 2, l'épaisseur de la partie arrière 34 est constante. La partie avant présente un chanfrein 40, mieux visible sur la figure 4, allant en s'amincissant vers l'extrémité du bec 10 ainsi que deux doigts 42 et 44 s'étendant chacun sur l'un des côtés de la chambre 26 et recouvrant partiellement l'extrémité des parois latérales 26b et définissant une découpe 46 permettant d'éviter que la chambre 26 ne soit obstruée, même si l'intercalaire 14 est disposé très en avant sur le bec 10.In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the thickness of the rear part 34 is constant. The front part has a chamfer 40, better visible in Figure 4, tapering towards the end of the spout 10 as well as two fingers 42 and 44 each extending on one side of the chamber 26 and partially covering the end of the side walls 26b and defining a cutout 46 making it possible to prevent the chamber 26 from being obstructed, even if the interlayer 14 is placed far forward on the spout 10.

Jusqu'ici, l'anche était plaquée directement par sa table 28 contre la portion plane 20a du bec 10. A cause de la forme incurvée de la portion 20b, les parties avant du bec 10 et de l'anche 12 sont espacées l'une de l'autre et forment une ouverture 48 débouchant dans la chambre 26 et permettant au clarinettiste de produire un son par battement de l'anche, en y insufflant de l'air. Relativement à l'anche, l'intercalaire 14, apposé sur la surface 20 et recouvrant partiellement la surface 20b, forme une nouvelle table, appelée ici virtuelle, ayant une autre courbure et/ou une autre longueur de la portion incurvée, fonction de la forme de la partie avant 36 et médiane 38, le cas échéant.Until now, the reed was pressed directly by its table 28 against the portion plane 20a of the spout 10. Because of the curved shape of the portion 20b, the front parts of the mouthpiece 10 and the reed 12 are spaced from one another and form an opening 48 opening into the chamber 26 and allowing the clarinetist to produce a sound by beating the reed, by injecting the air. Relative to the reed, the interlayer 14, affixed to the surface 20 and partially covering the surface 20b, forms a new table, called here virtual, having another curvature and / or another length of the portion curved, depending on the shape of the front part 36 and median 38, if applicable applicable.

La qualité des sons émis dépend de nombreux paramètres, notamment du corps de l'instrument, mais aussi de l'anche 12 et de la manière dont celle-ci vibre sur le bec 10. Or, cette partie de l'instrument est très sensible à des différences infimes de sa structure ainsi qu'aux conditions environnantes, thermiques, hygrométriques et barométriques. Chaque fois qu'un clarinettiste se produit, il doit choisir une anche adaptée à l'oeuvre à exécuter, à la tonalité de l'instrument utilisé et à l'environnement acoustique. Pour augmenter la probabilité de disposer d'une anche optimale, le clarinettiste doit en faire « mûrir » un grand nombre, ce qui est coûteux et fastidieux. De plus, la période de fonctionnement optimale de chaque anche est assez brève.The quality of the sounds emitted depends on many parameters, in particular the body of the instrument, but also of the reed 12 and the way in which it vibrates on the mouthpiece 10. However, this part of the instrument is very sensitive to minute differences in structure and surrounding conditions, thermal, hygrometric and barometric. Whenever a clarinetist occurs, he must choose a reed adapted to the work to be performed, to the tone of the instrument used and the acoustic environment. To increase the probability of having an optimal reed, the clarinetist must make it "Maturing" a large number, which is costly and time consuming. In addition, the The optimal operating period for each reed is quite short.

L'intercalaire 14 permet d'apporter une solution simple, économique et originale au problème évoqué ci-dessus, notamment parce qu'il s'adapte à tout type de bec, sans nécessiter de modification préalable. Une telle solution permet, en outre, à un enseignant de diriger son élève vers des techniques d'embouchure et de soutien plus adaptées, en développant sa flexibilité et sa sensibilité aux variations de la sonorité.The interlayer 14 provides a simple, economical and original to the problem mentioned above, in particular because it adapts to any type of spout, without requiring any prior modification. Such a solution also allows a teacher to direct their student to techniques more suitable mouthpiece and support, developing flexibility and sensitivity to variations in tone.

Comme cela sera précisé plus loin, la présence de cet intercalaire 14 modifie les conditions de liaison de l'anche 12 au bec 10, et par-là, la qualité du son, fonction de la forme, de la position et du matériau constituant l'intercalaire 14.As will be explained below, the presence of this insert 14 modifies the conditions for connecting the reed 12 to the mouthpiece 10, and thereby the quality of the sound, depending on the shape, position and material of the interlayer 14.

Plus précisément, il a été constaté que, pour une anche donnée, la qualité des sons générés dépend, entre autre, de :

  • La dimension de l'ouverture comprise entre le bec et l'extrémité de l'anche,
  • La longueur, la courbure et l'asymétrie latérale de la portion incurvée de la table,
  • Les conditions d'interface entre l'anche et le bec, et
  • L'inclinaison de l'anche en référence à la voûte de la chambre.
More specifically, it has been observed that, for a given reed, the quality of the sounds generated depends, among other things, on:
  • The size of the opening between the spout and the end of the reed,
  • The length, curvature and lateral asymmetry of the curved portion of the table,
  • The interface conditions between the reed and the beak, and
  • The inclination of the reed in reference to the vault of the room.

Tous ces paramètres peuvent être ajustés par un choix adéquat de l'intercalaire, plus particulièrement de sa forme, du matériau le constituant, et de son emplacement sur le bec 10. Son déplacement peut être important, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, où l'intercalaire 14 a été représenté en position médiane, en trait plein, et en position reculée, en pointillés, le déplacement étant indiqué par une double flèche.All these parameters can be adjusted by a suitable choice of the interlayer, more particularly of its shape, of the material constituting it, and its location on the spout 10. Its displacement can be significant, as can be seen in Figure 2, where tab 14 has been shown in middle position, in solid lines, and in retracted position, in dotted lines, the displacement being indicated by a double arrow.

Les figures 3 et 4 représentent une gamme d'intercalaires, permettant d'assurer de tels ajustements, respectivement vus de dessus et de côté. Sur ces figures, les références n'ont été mises que sur une partie d'entre eux seulement, afin d'éviter de surcharger le dessin.Figures 3 and 4 show a range of dividers, allowing to ensure such adjustments, respectively seen from above and from the side. Sure these figures, the references were only put on a part of them only, to avoid overloading the drawing.

L'intercalaire 14 représenté en a est de forme rectangulaire, découpé dans un film d'épaisseur constante. Il est destiné à être interposé entre la portion plane 20a du bec et la table 28 de l'anche 12. Le matériau choisi définira les qualités d'interface, alors que l'épaisseur assurera l'ajustement de l'ouverture 48. Cet intercalaire peut aussi comporter un chanfrein, comme représenté sur la figure 4, vu de côté, en h ou en i. Dans ce cas, il pourra légèrement déborder sur la portion incurvée 20b, suffisamment peu toutefois pour ne pas trop obstruer la chambre 26.The interlayer 14 shown in a is rectangular in shape, cut from a film of constant thickness. It is intended to be interposed between the flat portion 20a of the spout and the table 28 of the reed 12. The material chosen will define the interface qualities, while the thickness will ensure the adjustment of the opening 48. This insert may also include a chamfer, as shown in FIG. 4, seen from the side, in h or in i . In this case, it may slightly overflow onto the curved portion 20b, however little enough not to obstruct the chamber 26 too much.

Les intercalaires représentés en b, c, d, e, et f permettent un fort engagement sur la portion incurvée 20b, grâce à la découpe 46 dont ils sont munis, définie par les doigts 42 et 44. Cette découpe 46 peut avoir plusieurs formes. Ainsi, elle est en demi-ellipse en b et trapézoïdale en c. En d, on retrouve la forme trapézoïdale, complétée par une structure triangulaire. Les intercalaires représentés en e et f ne comportent que deux doigts 42 et 44 très courts, de sorte que la découpe 46 est petite. Elle est complétée par des trous 50 pratiqués dans la partie avant 36, et dépassant dans la partie médiane 38.The spacers shown in b , c , d , e , and f allow a strong engagement on the curved portion 20b, thanks to the cutout 46 with which they are provided, defined by the fingers 42 and 44. This cutout 46 can have several shapes. Thus, it is in half-ellipse in b and trapezoidal in c . In d , we find the trapezoidal shape, completed by a triangular structure. The spacers shown in e and f have only two very short fingers 42 and 44, so that the cutout 46 is small. It is completed by holes 50 made in the front part 36, and protruding in the middle part 38.

L'intercalaire 14 représenté en perspective en g sur la figure 4, a une forme très simple, avec des parties arrière 34 et médiane 38 d'épaisseur constante, alors que la partie avant 36 forme le chanfrein 40. Il peut être réalisé par superposition de feuilles minces, de quelques µm à quelques centièmes de millimètres d'épaisseur, par exemple en plastique thermo-adhésif, les feuilles étant fixées les unes aux autres par chauffage. L'intercalaire a avantageusement une épaisseur comprise entre 0,01 et 0,2 mm.The interlayer 14 shown in perspective in g in FIG. 4, has a shape very simple, with rear 34 and middle 38 parts of constant thickness, while the front part 36 forms the chamfer 40. It can be produced by superimposition of thin sheets, from a few µm to a few hundredths of millimeters thick, e.g. thermo-adhesive plastic, sheets being fixed to each other by heating. The tab a advantageously a thickness of between 0.01 and 0.2 mm.

Le mode de réalisation illustré en h est similaire à g dans sa structure, le chanfrein 40 étant toutefois régulier et sans escalier. Une telle structure peut être réalisée au moyen d'une feuille en alliage d'aluminium, dont les bords seraient aplatis dans un laminoir. En i, l'angle du chanfrein 40 est plus grand qu'en h. La pratique montre que cet angle est avantageusement inférieur à 3°, typiquement de 0,1 à 0,3°.The embodiment illustrated in h is similar to g in its structure, the chamfer 40 however being regular and without stairs. Such a structure can be produced by means of an aluminum alloy sheet, the edges of which would be flattened in a rolling mill. In i , the angle of the chamfer 40 is greater than in h . Practice shows that this angle is advantageously less than 3 °, typically 0.1 to 0.3 °.

Les modes de réalisation représentés en j, k et l sont munis d'une partie avant 36 bombée. La partie arrière 34 est inclinée vers sa partie libre en j, va en décroissant vers la partie médiane 38 en k, alors qu'en l, l'intercalaire représenté ne comporte pas de partie arrière. Ces dernières structures permettent, par le bombé de la partie avant 36, une réduction de la longueur de la portion incurvée de la table virtuelle du bec. Les conditions d'appui de l'anche 12 sur la portion 20a de la table du bec, et donc de l'ouverture 48, peuvent être modifiées en fonction de la structure de la partie arrière 34.The embodiments shown in j , k and l are provided with a curved front portion 36. The rear part 34 is inclined towards its free part at j , decreasing towards the middle part 38 in k , while at l , the tab shown does not have a rear part. These latter structures allow, by the bulging of the front part 36, a reduction in the length of the curved portion of the virtual table of the spout. The support conditions of the reed 12 on the portion 20a of the table of the spout, and therefore of the opening 48, can be modified as a function of the structure of the rear part 34.

L'intercalaire présenté en m comporte une partie arrière 34 épaisse et décroissant vers la partie médiane 38, modifiant ainsi considérablement les conditions d'appui de l'anche 12 sur la portion 20a de la table du bec 10. Sa partie avant 36, formant le chanfrein 40, présente une forme concave, qui ne modifie que faiblement la forme de la portion 20b dans sa partie avant, alors qu'elle modifie fortement sa partie voisine de la portion 20a. De la sorte, la longueur de la table virtuelle est augmentée.The interlayer presented in m has a thick rear part 34 which decreases towards the middle part 38, thus considerably modifying the support conditions of the reed 12 on the portion 20a of the table of the spout 10. Its front part 36, forming the chamfer 40 has a concave shape, which only slightly modifies the shape of the portion 20b in its front part, whereas it strongly modifies its part close to the portion 20a. In this way, the length of the virtual table is increased.

Il apparaít ainsi que, par l'adjonction d'un intercalaire entre l'anche et le bec d'un instrument à anche simple battante, il est possible de maítriser de manière beaucoup plus efficace l'interaction entre l'anche et le bec, et ainsi tirer le meilleur profit des anches disponibles.It thus appears that, by the addition of a spacer between the reed and the beak of a simple swing reed instrument, it is possible to control much more effective the interaction between the reed and the beak, and so make the most of the reeds available.

On relèvera que dans les modes de réalisation illustrés à la figure 4, la partie arrière 34, formant le corps de l'intercalaire 14, a une épaisseur z qui peut s'exprimer selon une relation linéaire, fonction de la cote longitudinale, selon l'équation z = ax + b, où a et b sont deux constantes réelles. Plus précisément, lorsque a est positif, l'épaisseur de l'intercalaire augmente à partir de la partie médiane 38. b est égal à l'épaisseur de l'intercalaire 14 à l'interface entre les parties médiane 38 et arrière 34 lorsqu'on place l'origine de l'axe x à cet endroit. Il est évident que d'autres formes sont envisageables, mais compte tenu des épaisseurs en jeu, une relation de type linéaire est en général suffisante pour assurer une correction idoine.It will be noted that in the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 4, the rear part 34, forming the body of the interlayer 14, has a thickness z which can be expressed in a linear relationship, a function of the longitudinal dimension, according to the equation z = ax + b, where a and b are two real constants. More precisely, when a is positive, the thickness of the interlayer increases from the middle part 38. b is equal to the thickness of the interlayer 14 at the interface between the middle parts 38 and rear 34 when we place the origin of the x-axis at this location. It is obvious that other forms are possible, but taking into account the thicknesses involved, a linear type relationship is generally sufficient to ensure an appropriate correction.

Afin de faciliter la mise en place de l'intercalaire, tout en permettant son déplacement, sa face destinée à être mise en contact avec la table du bec 10 est avantageusement revêtue d'une couche de colle de type repositionnable telle que celles commercialisées par la maison 3M ® (USA). Cette couche de matériau relativement mou modifie les conditions d'interface entre l'anche 12 et le bec 10, c'est pourquoi il peut être avantageux qu'elle ne soit appliquée que sur une faible portion de la longueur de l'intercalaire, choisie en fonction du but recherché. Dans tous les cas, il est préférable qu'elle ne couvre pas totalement la surface de l'intercalaire, afin de faciliter son décollement.To facilitate the installation of the interlayer, while allowing its displacement, its face intended to be brought into contact with the table of the spout 10 is advantageously coated with a layer of repositionable type adhesive such as those marketed by 3M ® (USA). This layer of relatively soft material changes the interface conditions between the reed 12 and spout 10, which is why it may be advantageous if it is not applied only over a small portion of the length of the interlayer, chosen as a function of the goal sought. In any case, it is preferable that it does not cover completely the surface of the interlayer, to facilitate its detachment.

Il est évident que les modes de réalisation donnés ici ne représentent qu'un exemple des solutions possibles. D'autres matériaux pourraient ainsi être mis en oeuvre, choisis pour leur rigidité, leur élasticité ou leur aptitude à amortir une vibration, ainsi que pour leur facilité de mise en oeuvre.It is obvious that the embodiments given here represent only one example of possible solutions. Other materials could thus be used in use, chosen for their rigidity, elasticity or ability to absorb a vibration, as well as for their ease of implementation.

Il est également possible de prévoir d'autres formes d'intercalaires, tant au niveau de sa partie avant 36, de sa partie arrière 34 que de sa partie médiane 38. Il est ainsi possible d'avoir une épaisseur variant latéralement, de telle sorte que l'intercalaire soit plus épais sur les bords, ou au contraire plus mince, ou encore présentant une dissymétrie latérale, de manière à ce que les courbures de la table virtuelle ne soient pas les mêmes de part et d'autre de la chambre 26. Une telle disposition permet de corriger l'effet de dissymétrie de la bouche du clarinettiste, ainsi que celle de l'anche, et un contrôle plus progressif de la puissance sonore. It is also possible to provide other forms of dividers, both at level of its front part 36, of its rear part 34 than of its middle part 38. It is thus possible to have a thickness varying laterally, such so that the interlayer is thicker on the edges, or on the contrary more thin, or with lateral asymmetry, so that the curvatures of the virtual table are not the same on both sides of room 26. Such a provision makes it possible to correct the effect of asymmetry of the clarinetist's mouth, as well as that of the reed, and a more progressive control of sound power.

Afin d'améliorer leur assujettissement au bec 10, il est aussi possible de réaliser des intercalaires munis de moyens de positionnement latéral, réalisés par un pliage de sa partie avant 36, s'engageant dans la chambre 26 et/ou épousant la forme de l'extérieur du bec 10.In order to improve their subjection to the spout 10, it is also possible to make spacers provided with lateral positioning means, made by folding its front part 36, engaging in chamber 26 and / or conforming to the shape of the outside of the spout 10.

La solution décrite en référence à un embouchoir pour clarinette est, bien sûr, également applicable aux autres instruments à anche simple battante, notamment au saxophone. Les dimensions des intercalaires seront alors adaptées à celle de l'instrument.The solution described with reference to a clarinet mouthpiece is, of course, also applicable to other instruments with a single swing reed, especially on the saxophone. The dimensions of the dividers will then be adapted to that of the instrument.

Il est aussi possible de placer plusieurs intercalaires, superposés ou juxtaposés, pour obtenir l'effet souhaité.It is also possible to place several dividers, superimposed or juxtaposed, to obtain the desired effect.

Généralement, l'intercalaire 14 est apposé sur la table du bec 10. Il peut toutefois aussi être appliqué sur la table 28 de l'anche 12.Generally, the interlayer 14 is affixed to the table of the spout 10. It can however, also be applied to table 28 of reed 12.

Afin de faciliter le réglage de la position de l'intercalaire, il est avantageux de le munir d'une graduation permettant de contrôler sa position longitudinale en référence au bec.In order to facilitate the adjustment of the position of the interlayer, it is advantageous to provide it with a graduation to control its longitudinal position by reference to the beak.

Claims (15)

Embouchoir pour instrument à anche, comportant : un bec (10) muni d'une chambre (26) comprenant une voûte (26a), une paroi opposée à la voûte, et deux parois latérales (26b) et d'une perce (27), destinées à permettre l'écoulement de l'air et la circulation des ondes sonores vers le baril puis le tube de l'instrument, et d'une première table comprenant une portion incurvée (20b), disposée latéralement de part et d'autre de la chambre (26) et formant l'extrémité desdites parois (26b), et une portion sensiblement plane (20a) disposée au-dessus de la chambre (26) et de la perce (27), dans le prolongement de la portion incurvée (20b), une anche (12) comportant : un talon (30), destiné à être fixé au bec, un biseau (32) destiné à vibrer, et une deuxième table (28), s'étendant sur toute sa longueur et formant l'une des faces du talon (30) et du biseau (32), agencée pour prendre appui, par la partie de sa table (28) associée au talon (30) contre la portion plane (20a) de la première table, et une ligature, pour assurer l'assemblage de l'anche (12) sur le bec (10), dans lequel le bec (10) et l'anche (12) définissent entre eux une ouverture (48) destinée à laisser pénétrer l'air, pour engendrer des vibrations sonores, et qui s'écoule ensuite dans la chambre (26) et la perce (27) selon une direction générale dite longitudinale,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, en outre, présent lors de la production sonore, un intercalaire (14) enserré entre les tables du bec (20) et de l'anche (28) et agencé de manière à ce que la position relative du bec (10) et de l'anche (12), et en conséquence les conditions de vibration de l'anche (12), varient en fonction de la position de l'intercalaire (14).Mouthpiece for reed instrument, comprising: a spout (10) provided a chamber (26) comprising a vault (26a), a wall opposite the vault, and two side walls (26b) and a bore (27), intended to allow the flow of air and circulation sound waves to the barrel and then to the instrument tube, and a first table comprising a curved portion (20b), arranged laterally on either side of the chamber (26) and forming the end of said walls (26b), and a substantially planar portion (20a) disposed above of the chamber (26) and the bore (27), in the extension of the curved portion (20b), a reed (12) comprising: a heel (30), intended to be fixed to the spout, a bevel (32) intended to vibrate, and a second table (28), extending over its entire length and forming one of the faces of the heel (30) and the bevel (32), arranged to bear, by the part of its table (28) associated with the heel (30) against the flat portion (20a) of the first table, and a ligature, to ensure the assembly of the reed (12) on the spout (10), in which the spout (10) and the reed (12) define between them an opening (48) intended to allow the air to penetrate, to generate sound vibrations, and which then flows into the chamber (26) and the bore (27) in a so-called longitudinal general direction,
characterized in that it further comprises, present during sound production, an interlayer (14) sandwiched between the tables of the spout (20) and the reed (28) and arranged so that the relative position the spout (10) and the reed (12), and consequently the vibration conditions of the reed (12), vary according to the position of the interlayer (14). Embouchoir selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit intercalaire (14) est amovible et couvre une partie de ladite portion incurvée (20b).Mouthpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that said insert (14) is removable and covers part of said curved portion (20b). Intercalaire (14), destiné à être enserré entre l'anche (12) et le bec (10) d'un embouchoir selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente un chanfrein (40) à l'une au moins de ses extrémités destinée à être disposée en regard du biseau (32) de l'anche (12).Interlayer (14), intended to be clamped between the reed (12) and the spout (10) of a mouthpiece according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it has a chamfer (40) at the 'at least one of its ends intended to be disposed opposite the bevel (32) of the reed (12). Intercalaire selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un corps (34) adjacent au chanfrein, se présentant sous la forme d'un film d'épaisseur (z) linéairement dépendante de la cote longitudinale (x).An interlayer according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a body (34) adjacent to the chamfer, in the form of a film of thickness (z) linearly dependent on the longitudinal dimension (x). Intercalaire selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit film est formé d'une superposition de feuilles minces fixées les unes aux autres, le nombre de feuilles superposées allant décroissant pour former ledit chanfrein (40).An interlayer according to claim 4, characterized in that said film is formed from a superposition of thin sheets fixed to each other, the number of superimposed sheets decreasing to form said chamfer (40). Intercalaire selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'angle au sommet dudit chanfrein (40) est inférieur à 3°.Interlayer according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the angle at the top of said chamfer (40) is less than 3 °. Intercalaire selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit chanfrein (40) est de forme convexe.An interlayer according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that said chamfer (40) is of convex shape. Intercalaire selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit chanfrein (40) est de forme concave. Interlayer according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that said chamfer (40) is of concave shape. Intercalaire selon l'une des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé en ce que son extrémité (36) comportant ledit chanfrein (40) est munie d'une découpe (46) pratiquée dans toute son épaisseur et disposée latéralement dans sa partie médiane.Interlayer according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that its end (36) comprising said chamfer (40) is provided with a cutout (46) formed throughout its thickness and disposed laterally in its middle part. Intercalaire selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que ladite découpe (46), destinée à mieux dégager l'accès à la chambre (26), est définie par deux doigts (42, 44) disposés de manière à prendre appui sur ladite portion incurvée (20b).An interlayer according to claim 9, characterized in that said cutout (46), intended to better clear the access to the chamber (26), is defined by two fingers (42, 44) arranged so as to bear on said curved portion (20b). Intercalaire selon l'une des revendications 3 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il est formé d'un matériau susceptible d'être travaillé par déformation plastique.Interlayer according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that it is formed from a material capable of being worked by plastic deformation. Intercalaire selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau est un alliage d'aluminium.A spacer according to claim 11, characterized in that said material is an aluminum alloy. Intercalaire selon l'une des revendications 3 à 10, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau est une matière plastique.Interlayer according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that said material is a plastic. Intercalaire selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que ladite matière est de type thermoformable.An interlayer according to claim 13, characterized in that said material is of the thermoformable type. Intercalaire selon l'une des revendications 3 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie au moins de sa surface destinée à être en contact avec l'anche (12) et/ou le bec (10) est munie d'une couche adhésive de type repositionnable.Spacer according to one of claims 3 to 14, characterized in that at least part of its surface intended to be in contact with the reed (12) and / or the spout (10) is provided with an adhesive layer repositionable type.
EP01811275A 2001-12-31 2001-12-31 Mouthpiece for a musical instrument with a reed Withdrawn EP1324310A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01811275A EP1324310A1 (en) 2001-12-31 2001-12-31 Mouthpiece for a musical instrument with a reed
PCT/CH2002/000720 WO2003056543A1 (en) 2001-12-31 2002-12-23 Lip element for instrument with flapping reed
EP02782629A EP1461803A1 (en) 2001-12-31 2002-12-23 Lip element for instrument with flapping reed
US10/500,535 US6921853B2 (en) 2001-12-31 2002-12-23 Lip element for instrument with flapping reed
AU2002347127A AU2002347127A1 (en) 2001-12-31 2002-12-23 Lip element for instrument with flapping reed
JP2003556982A JP2005513578A (en) 2001-12-31 2002-12-23 Mouthpiece assembly for musical instruments having a single sound plug lead

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01811275A EP1324310A1 (en) 2001-12-31 2001-12-31 Mouthpiece for a musical instrument with a reed

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EP1324310A1 true EP1324310A1 (en) 2003-07-02

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EP01811275A Withdrawn EP1324310A1 (en) 2001-12-31 2001-12-31 Mouthpiece for a musical instrument with a reed
EP02782629A Withdrawn EP1461803A1 (en) 2001-12-31 2002-12-23 Lip element for instrument with flapping reed

Family Applications After (1)

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EP02782629A Withdrawn EP1461803A1 (en) 2001-12-31 2002-12-23 Lip element for instrument with flapping reed

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US (1) US6921853B2 (en)
EP (2) EP1324310A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2005513578A (en)
AU (1) AU2002347127A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003056543A1 (en)

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WO2010049541A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Nick - Neue Intelligente Computergesteuerte Klarinettenprodukte Mouthpiece for reed instruments
WO2014205471A1 (en) * 2013-06-25 2014-12-31 Technische Universität Wien Device, mouthpiece, and reed for a wind instrument
EP3306605A1 (en) * 2016-10-06 2018-04-11 Du Han Kim Reed for mouthpiece of wind instrument

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US7384323B2 (en) * 2003-12-31 2008-06-10 Sceery Edward J Sound producing device
JP2006113141A (en) * 2004-10-12 2006-04-27 Toshio Shinohara Air flow adjusting tool
US8283541B2 (en) * 2008-03-03 2012-10-09 Philip Lee Rovner Ligature for woodwind instruments
US8586845B2 (en) 2008-03-03 2013-11-19 Philip Lee Rovner Reed warp mouthpiece system
US7626105B2 (en) * 2008-03-03 2009-12-01 Philip Lee Rovner High-performance mouthpiece for woodwind instruments
DE102008056585A1 (en) * 2008-11-10 2010-05-12 Harry Hartmann Sound-generating reed for wind instruments, particularly for saxophones, clarinets or oboes and bassoon, is fastened to wind instrument by mouthpiece in detached manner, where sound-generating reed is vibrated by musician
US8410344B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2013-04-02 Philip Lee Rovner Mouthpiece for woodwind instruments with venturi aperture
KR101151231B1 (en) * 2011-03-10 2012-06-14 구경환 Reed for a saxophone
US8841529B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2014-09-23 Philip Lee Rovner Clarinet mouthpiece and barrel system
KR200473389Y1 (en) * 2013-06-11 2014-07-02 권석순 Saxophone reed
US10079007B2 (en) 2015-05-20 2018-09-18 Rovner Products Incorporated Woodwind mouthpiece with V-notch table and tone chamber insert
US10217445B2 (en) * 2016-12-13 2019-02-26 Rovner Products Incorporated Mouthpiece for woodwind instruments with chamfered venturi aperture
GB2557937A (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-07-04 Turner Maximilian A reed cushioning device for a mouthpiece of a woodwind instrument
US11967301B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2024-04-23 Rovner Products Incorporated Ligature for woodwind mouthpiece
US10872587B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2020-12-22 Rovner Products Incorporated Ligature for woodwind mouthpiece
US10395628B2 (en) 2018-01-05 2019-08-27 Rovner Products Incorporated Flanged tone chamber window for woodwind mouthpieces
USD897419S1 (en) * 2018-10-03 2020-09-29 Leto R&D Corporation Mouthpiece for a musical instrument
US11749235B2 (en) 2020-11-10 2023-09-05 Wanne Inc. Instrument mouthpiece with curvilinear air flow disruption apparatus
US11538447B2 (en) 2020-11-10 2022-12-27 Wanne Inc. Instrument mouthpiece with air flow disruption apparatus
EP4291396A1 (en) * 2021-02-12 2023-12-20 Wanne Inc. Instrument mouthpiece with curvilinear air flow disruption apparatus

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WO2010049541A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Nick - Neue Intelligente Computergesteuerte Klarinettenprodukte Mouthpiece for reed instruments
WO2014205471A1 (en) * 2013-06-25 2014-12-31 Technische Universität Wien Device, mouthpiece, and reed for a wind instrument
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EP3306605A1 (en) * 2016-10-06 2018-04-11 Du Han Kim Reed for mouthpiece of wind instrument

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002347127A1 (en) 2003-07-15
US6921853B2 (en) 2005-07-26
JP2005513578A (en) 2005-05-12
WO2003056543A1 (en) 2003-07-10
US20050087057A1 (en) 2005-04-28
EP1461803A1 (en) 2004-09-29

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