EP2339069B1 - Module for the construction of a road or a footpath on a watercourse - Google Patents

Module for the construction of a road or a footpath on a watercourse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2339069B1
EP2339069B1 EP10075756.6A EP10075756A EP2339069B1 EP 2339069 B1 EP2339069 B1 EP 2339069B1 EP 10075756 A EP10075756 A EP 10075756A EP 2339069 B1 EP2339069 B1 EP 2339069B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ditch
module according
road
watercourse
footpath
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP10075756.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2339069A2 (en
EP2339069A3 (en
Inventor
Luc Maes
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Architect Maes Luc bvba
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Individual
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Priority to RS20160584A priority Critical patent/RS54955B1/en
Priority to SI201031241A priority patent/SI2339069T1/en
Publication of EP2339069A2 publication Critical patent/EP2339069A2/en
Publication of EP2339069A3 publication Critical patent/EP2339069A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2339069B1 publication Critical patent/EP2339069B1/en
Priority to HRP20160926TT priority patent/HRP20160926T1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/006—Foundations for pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C1/00—Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption
    • E01C1/002—Design or lay-out of roads, e.g. street systems, cross-sections ; Design for noise abatement, e.g. sunken road
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
    • E03F5/046—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps adapted to be used with kerbs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to track construction.
  • this invention relates to a module for the construction of a path over a ditch or stream.
  • this invention relates to a path constructed by the use of multiple modules and a method for building a path using multiple modules. This invention is especially applicable in the case of the realization of bicycle paths and / or pedestrian paths, but the invention is not limited to these applications.
  • one of the objectives of the present invention is to improve the operation of ditches and water currents using a module that slows the flow of water in ditches and streams, creating at the same time a buffer tank that can store a large amount of water.
  • the present invention can also be applied to existing sewage systems, especially in sewer systems that achieve separate evacuation of rainwater and wastewater. By driping with the aid of the modules according to the invention, it is possible to create in the drainage system a very large buffer tank which can also store a large quantity of water.
  • the module of the invention not only the disadvantages mentioned above are avoided, but a number of additional advantages are also obtained.
  • the maintenance of ditches becomes simpler and less expensive and in addition the module makes it possible to provide one or more gutters that can house public conduits.
  • better water treatment is achieved through systematic separation of the landfill rainwater and wastewater.
  • this invention promotes the infiltration of rainwater into the soil. It also saves space thanks to the combined use of space: the same space is used for a ditch and for a path.
  • an improvement in the storage of the water to be evacuated is also obtained.
  • the same advantages can also be obtained by the application of the invention to an existing drip network or the creation of a new drip network.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an appropriate module for the construction of a path and / or a pedestrian path; the module includes an appropriate ditch element to be set up in a ditch or watercourse where the ditch or watercourse already exists or has yet to be realized and where the water of the ditch or watercourse is flowing in the element set up.
  • the module further comprises a cover element, closing the upper part of the ditch element and thus forming a path and / or a pedestrian path.
  • the cover element includes at least one permeable portion, and an elevated area that serves as protection for the users of the track and / or footpath.
  • the ditch element includes a filtration device.
  • the ditch element may contain at least one separate chute for collecting rainwater.
  • the ditch element may include one or more partitions.
  • the filtering device may comprise a filter cloth. The ditch element and the cover element can form a constructive unit.
  • the cover member may be at least partially movable relative to the ditch member.
  • the ditch element may be at least partially permeable so that the essential functions of the ditch or stream are at least partially preserved.
  • the module may further include at least one waiting gutter capable of hosting public conduits.
  • the cover member may comprise at least one side a rotatory or tilting portion. It is also an object of the invention to provide a path or path constructed using several modules, each module as described above. Another object of the invention is to provide a method for the construction of a track and / or a path by the use of modules, as described above.
  • the method consists of depositing one or more ditch elements in a ditch or in a watercourse; placing a filter device in one or more ditch elements and covering the opening of the top of the ditch element (s) by means of one or more closure elements, including one or more parts of the ditch element; closure include an elevated surface.
  • the invention is described as applied to a ditch.
  • the invention is not limited to this application, but can also be applied to other waterways such as streams, canals, etc.
  • the invention can even be applied to new ditches or creeks to create and also to drainage systems.
  • the verbs "compose of" and "understand” are not to be taken in the limiting sense.
  • ditch is to be understood not only as an existing open ditch, but the word “ditch” includes both an old ditch that has been cased and a ditch that still needs to be made. The same applies to the words “stream,””canal,””stream,” and so on.
  • ditch can also be defined as the bed of a sewer.
  • the words “ditch”, “creek”, “canal”, “watercourse” must therefore be interpreted in the widest sense.
  • the raised part has a multiple function: it marks the road, it serves as warning strips between for example the cars and the cyclists (realizing the elevated zone with a particular profile, the motorists leaving the road will be warned) and the grid draining so formed will remain free of dirt, waste and leaves.
  • a cover element having only a side part or having no side parts is also possible.
  • the two side portions (10, 11) are permeable, but a version with a single lateral drainage portion is also possible.
  • the number of elements that make up the cover element is not important.
  • the cover element can be made in one piece, but equally well in two, three or more pieces.
  • other sections are possible, such as a V-shaped cross-section, a U-shaped cross-section, a section (see Fig. 3 ) consisting of a V-shape (31) with a rising piece (32), etc.
  • a central standpipe (6) there can be provided at the location of this channel a rail allowing a camera to move for inspection purposes.
  • an overflow hole (26) can be provided in the bulkhead, and under the central standpipe.
  • the module is equipped with a waiting gutter - a central waiting gutter - placed in the central part of the ditch element and one or two other waiting gutters - the waiting gutters. side - which are located on the sides of the central part. In the waiting gutters one can place public conduits. One or two separate lateral chutes are used to drain the rainwater through the permeable element.
  • the cover element can be made in one piece. In the case of the exemplary embodiment of figures 2 , 3 and 4 , the covering element is executed with three integrated components, namely two lateral parts (20, 21) and a central part (22), the lateral parts being nested in the central part that they must be placed by a rotary movement or rocking.
  • the ditch element itself is composed of three parts, in particular a lower part (27) and two upper parts (28), each with a separate chute.
  • each top part can consist of one piece or be constructed with several elements. These constructions make the ditch element easy to handle and transport. It is also possible to provide some special parts ( Figure 3 element 32) whose height from one end of the module to the other end of the module may vary. Thus it is possible to overcome small differences in level, for example when the road or the bike path crosses access to a house or garage.
  • the figure 4 shows a detailed diagram of a separate chute with the openings 41 in the cover member and the opening 42 in the wall between the separate chute and the central portion.
  • a filtering device is placed in the ditch element which makes it possible to filter the incoming water.
  • This filtering device can be realized by placing a first filter cloth (43) in the angle between the ditch element and the cover element.
  • the fabric (43) is disposed as an inner liner in one or two separate chutes through which the rainwater is filtered before the water reaches the central portion of the ditch member.
  • the filter cloth can be clamped between the cover element or part of this (in the figure the draining portion of the closure element) and the upper edge of the separate chute.
  • one or two lateral parts of the covering element is made of mesh. A suitable path or path is made to the upper surface by laying different modules that fit together.
  • Two consecutive cover elements can be connected together by a suitable locking system (for example by a suitable toothing). This prevents the circulation band from being offset at the joints due to subsidence.
  • Lighting eg LED
  • Special modules can be provided that can be used in ditch bends. These special modules can be of different lengths and can also be manufactured for different arc angles. It is conceivable to provide standard elements for, in principle, make each curve.
  • the section of the ditch element possibly with separate chutes, may be surrounded by a second filter cloth (44), for example, a geotextile to prevent the entry of impurities and dirt. through groundwater. This second filter cloth can also serve as additional filtering of the water from the ditch element that seeps into the soil.
  • the ditch element and the covering element possibly with the separate chutes, can form a structural unit.
  • Figure 5 shows a connection elbow (51) for connecting public conduits to a nearby property.
  • modules of the invention By using the modules of the invention is also obtained a better stability of the trunk of the road that is next to the ditch and it reduces or even completely eliminates the deformation or collapse of the roadway.
  • the modules according to the invention can be used to achieve property limits or fix streetlights or other poles.
  • the modules of the invention can be made pedestrian paths, bike paths, parking spaces, driveways or a combination of these different possibilities of implementation.
  • Another advantage of the invention consists in reducing the necessary maintenance of the ditch. Indeed, by the absence of natural light, the vegetation, normally present in the ditch, stops. In addition, by the absence of waste, the food of all kinds of vermin disappears.
  • Contaminants that normally pass with rainwater into the ditch element and from there into the groundwater are removed by the maintenance or replacement of the first filter cloth (43).
  • the invention can also be applied to ditches, which were previously cased or ditches that still need to be dug.
  • the invention is not limited to the combination of elements, as indicated in different embodiments, but the invention also includes a combination of certain elements in one embodiment with elements of another embodiment. It is also obvious that different combinations of elements for the construction of a module are possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)

Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention se rapporte à la construction de voie. En particulier cette invention concerne un module permettant la construction d'un chemin au-dessus d'un fossé ou d'un ruisseau. De plus cette invention concerne un chemin construit par l'utilisation de plusieurs modules et une méthode pour construire une voie à l'aide de plusieurs modules. Cette invention est spécialement d'application dans le cas de la réalisation de pistes cyclables et/ou de chemins pour piétons, mais l'invention ne se limite pas à ces applications.The present invention relates to track construction. In particular this invention relates to a module for the construction of a path over a ditch or stream. In addition, this invention relates to a path constructed by the use of multiple modules and a method for building a path using multiple modules. This invention is especially applicable in the case of the realization of bicycle paths and / or pedestrian paths, but the invention is not limited to these applications.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Nonobstant les problèmes que connait le marché de l'énergie, tels la pénurie et le coût de l'énergie, la mobilité continue de croître causant la création des bouchons sur les routes avec des pertes croissantes pour l'économie. En même temps, on constate un intérêt croissant pour les moyens de transport légers qui sont moins encombrants sur la route et qui consomment peu ou pas d'énergie, tels que les vélos, vélomoteurs, scooters, etc. Ceci provoque une demande croissante de chemins adaptés à ces véhicules légers.
Par mesure de sécurité ces chemins sont construits de préférence séparés des routes où la circulation automobile se situe normalement. La pénurie d'espace disponible signifie une réalisation de plus en plus coûteuse et difficile, voire impossible pour ces chemins pour véhicules légers.
Le but de la présente invention est de réaliser de nouvelles voies d'une façon plus aisée et aussi plus économique. Ce but sera atteint par l'usage de l'infrastructure existante de fossés, ruisseaux, petits canaux et courants d'eau, etc.Notwithstanding the problems in the energy market, such as the shortage and cost of energy, mobility continues to grow causing the creation of traffic jams on the roads with increasing losses to the economy. At the same time, there is a growing interest in light means of transport which are less bulky on the road and consume little or no energy, such as bicycles, mopeds, scooters, etc. This causes an increasing demand for paths adapted to these light vehicles.
As a safety measure these roads are built preferably separated from the roads where the car traffic is normally located. The shortage of available space means a realization that is increasingly expensive and difficult, if not impossible, for these light vehicle paths.
The object of the present invention is to realize new routes in an easier way and also more economical. This goal will be achieved through the use of the existing infrastructure of ditches, streams, small canals and streams, etc.

On connait déjà l'usage de cette infrastructure pour la construction de routes grâce au tubage de fossés, ruisseaux, etc. Ce tubage a pourtant certains inconvénients. Le tubage d'un courant d'eau exige beaucoup de main-d'oeuvre et coûte cher. Fossés et ruisseaux servent au drainage naturel des sols, un écoulement direct n'est plus possible après le tubage. Cet inconvénient est souvent compensé par la mise en place d'un système d'égouttage supplémentaire, signifiant ainsi un surcoût.We already know the use of this infrastructure for the construction of roads through the casing of ditches, streams, etc. This casing has some disadvantages. The casing of a stream of water is labor intensive and expensive. Ditches and creeks are used for natural drainage of soils, direct flow is no longer possible after casing. This disadvantage is often offset by the establishment of an additional drainage system, thus signifying an additional cost.

De plus, un des objectifs de la présente invention est d'améliorer le fonctionnement des fossés et des courants d'eau à l'aide d'un module qui ralentit l'écoulement de l'eau dans les fossés et les ruisseaux, en créant par la même occasion un réservoir tampon qui permet de stocker une grande quantité d'eau. Mais la présente invention peut également être appliquée aux systèmes d'égouts existants, en particulier dans les systèmes d'égouts qui réalisent une évacuation séparée des eaux de pluie et des eaux usées. En réalisant l'égouttage à l'aide des modules selon l'invention, on peut créer dans le système d'égouttage un bassin-tampon très étendu qui peut aussi stocker une grande quantité d'eauIn addition, one of the objectives of the present invention is to improve the operation of ditches and water currents using a module that slows the flow of water in ditches and streams, creating at the same time a buffer tank that can store a large amount of water. But the present invention can also be applied to existing sewage systems, especially in sewer systems that achieve separate evacuation of rainwater and wastewater. By driping with the aid of the modules according to the invention, it is possible to create in the drainage system a very large buffer tank which can also store a large quantity of water.

Explication de l'inventionExplanation of the invention

Grace à l'utilisation du module de l'invention on évite non seulement les inconvénients repris ci-dessus, mais on obtient également un certain nombre d'avantages supplémentaires. Ainsi, l'entretien des fossés devient plus simple et moins coûteux et de surplus le module permet de prévoir un ou plusieurs caniveaux pouvant héberger des conduites publiques. En outre, on obtient une meilleur traitement des eaux grâce à une séparation systématique de la décharge des eaux pluviales et des eaux usées. De plus cette invention favorise l'infiltration des eaux pluviales dans le sol. Elle réalise également une économie de l'espace grâce à l'usage combiné de l'espace: le même espace est utilisé pour un fossé ainsi que pour un chemin. En outre, comme mentionné ci-dessus, une amélioration du stockage de l'eau à évacuer est également obtenue. Les mêmes avantages peuvent également être obtenus par l'application de l'invention à un réseau d'égouttage existant ou à la création d'un nouveau réseau d'égouttage. Grace à la présente invention on crée également la possibilité d'une meilleure utilisation de l'espace disponible en créant par exemple des voiries séparées pour usage par les transports en commun.
L'objectif de l'invention est obtenu par un module ou une méthode telle que décrite dans les revendications indépendantes; d'autres modes de réalisation particuliers sont décrits dans les revendications dépendantes.
Un objectif de l'invention est de fournir un module approprié pour la construction d'une voie et/ou d'un chemin piétonnier; le module comprend un élément de fossé approprié à être mis en place dans un fossé ou un cours d'eau où le fossé ou cours d'eau existe déjà ou doit encore être réalisé et où l'eau du fossé ou cours d'eau coule dans l'élément mis en place. Le module comprend en outre un élément de couverture , refermant la partie supérieure de l'élément de fossé et formant ainsi une voie et/ou un chemin piétonnier. L'élément de couverture comprend au moins une partie perméable, et une zone surélevée qui sert de protection aux utilisateurs de la voie et/ou du chemin piétonnier. L'élément de fossé comprend un dispositif de filtration. L'élément de fossé peut contenir au moins une goulotte séparée pour recueillir l'eau de pluie.
L'élément de fossé peut comprendre une ou plusieurs cloisons.
Le dispositif de filtrage peut comprendre un tissu filtrant.
L'élément de fossé et l'élément de couverture peuvent forment une unité constructive.Thanks to the use of the module of the invention not only the disadvantages mentioned above are avoided, but a number of additional advantages are also obtained. Thus, the maintenance of ditches becomes simpler and less expensive and in addition the module makes it possible to provide one or more gutters that can house public conduits. In addition, better water treatment is achieved through systematic separation of the landfill rainwater and wastewater. In addition this invention promotes the infiltration of rainwater into the soil. It also saves space thanks to the combined use of space: the same space is used for a ditch and for a path. In addition, as mentioned above, an improvement in the storage of the water to be evacuated is also obtained. The same advantages can also be obtained by the application of the invention to an existing drip network or the creation of a new drip network. Thanks to the present invention, the possibility of a better use of the available space is also created by creating, for example, separate roads for use by public transport.
The object of the invention is obtained by a module or a method as described in the independent claims; other particular embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
An object of the invention is to provide an appropriate module for the construction of a path and / or a pedestrian path; the module includes an appropriate ditch element to be set up in a ditch or watercourse where the ditch or watercourse already exists or has yet to be realized and where the water of the ditch or watercourse is flowing in the element set up. The module further comprises a cover element, closing the upper part of the ditch element and thus forming a path and / or a pedestrian path. The cover element includes at least one permeable portion, and an elevated area that serves as protection for the users of the track and / or footpath. The ditch element includes a filtration device. The ditch element may contain at least one separate chute for collecting rainwater.
The ditch element may include one or more partitions.
The filtering device may comprise a filter cloth.
The ditch element and the cover element can form a constructive unit.

L'élément de couverture peut être au moins partiellement mobile par rapport à l'élément de fossé.
L'élément de fossé peut être au moins partiellement perméable de sorte que les fonctions essentielles du fossé ou cours d'eau sont au moins partiellement conservées.
Le module peut comprendre en plus au moins un caniveau d'attente capable d'héberger des conduites publiques.
L'élément de couverture peut comprendre au moins à un côté une partie rotatoire ou basculante.
C'est aussi un objet de l'invention de fournir une voie ou chemin construit à l'aide de plusieurs modules, chaque module comme décrit ci-dessus.
Un autre objectif de l'invention est de fournir une méthode pour la construction d'une voie et/ou d'un chemin par l'utilisation de modules, comme décrit ci-dessus. La méthode consiste à déposer un ou plusieurs éléments de fossé dans un fossé ou dans un cours d'eau; de placer un dispositif de filtrage dans un ou dans plusieurs éléments de fossé et de couvrir l'ouverture de la partie supérieure du ou des éléments de fossé au moyen de un ou plusieurs éléments de fermeture, dont une ou plusieurs parties de l'élément de fermeture comprennent une surface surélevée.The cover member may be at least partially movable relative to the ditch member.
The ditch element may be at least partially permeable so that the essential functions of the ditch or stream are at least partially preserved.
The module may further include at least one waiting gutter capable of hosting public conduits.
The cover member may comprise at least one side a rotatory or tilting portion.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a path or path constructed using several modules, each module as described above.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method for the construction of a track and / or a path by the use of modules, as described above. The method consists of depositing one or more ditch elements in a ditch or in a watercourse; placing a filter device in one or more ditch elements and covering the opening of the top of the ditch element (s) by means of one or more closure elements, including one or more parts of the ditch element; closure include an elevated surface.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

  • La figure 1 montre une vue en perspective d'un mode de réalisation d'un module de l'invention;The figure 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a module of the invention;
  • La figure 2 montre dans un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention les différents éléments qui peuvent composer un module;The figure 2 shows in another embodiment of the invention the different elements that can compose a module;
  • La figure 3 montre, selon encore un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, une section transversale d'un module équipé d'un élément de hausse afin d'ajuster la hauteur du module aux allées de passage.The figure 3 shows, according to yet another embodiment of the invention, a cross section of a module equipped with a rising element in order to adjust the height of the module passing aisles.
  • La figure 4 montre un détail d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention.The figure 4 shows a detail of an embodiment of the invention.
  • La figure 5 montre le mode de réalisation de la figure 2 dans des conditions normalesThe figure 5 shows the embodiment of the figure 2 under normal conditions
Description détaillée.Detailed description.

Ci-dessous, l'invention est décrite telle qu'elle est appliquée à un fossé. Toutefois, l'invention n'est pas limitée à cette application, mais peut aussi être appliquée aux autres voies navigables telles que ruisseaux, canaux, etc. En outre, l'invention peut même être appliquée à de nouveaux fossés ou ruisseaux à créer et aussi à des systèmes d'égouttage.
Dans la présente description, les verbes «composer de» et «comprendre» ne sont pas à prendre au sens limitatif. Lorsque, dans cette description il est dit que l'objet ou le corps A se compose des éléments B et C, alors cet objet ou le corps A peut comprendre à part des éléments B et C aussi d'autres éléments.
Dans la présente description et les revendications annexées le terme fossé doit être compris non seulement comme un fossé à ciel ouvert existant, mais le mot "fossé" comprend tout autant un ancien fossé qui a été tubé qu'un fossé qui doit encore être réalisé. La même chose s'applique pour les mots «ruisseau», «canal», «cours d'eau », etc.
Le terme fossé peut également être défini comme le lit d'un égout. Les mots «fossé», «ruisseau», «canal », «cours d'eau» doivent donc être interprétés dans le sens le plus large.Below, the invention is described as applied to a ditch. However, the invention is not limited to this application, but can also be applied to other waterways such as streams, canals, etc. In addition, the invention can even be applied to new ditches or creeks to create and also to drainage systems.
In the present description, the verbs "compose of" and "understand" are not to be taken in the limiting sense. When, in this description, it is said that the object or the body A is composed of the elements B and C, then this object or the body A may comprise, apart from elements B and C, also other elements.
In the present specification and the appended claims the term ditch is to be understood not only as an existing open ditch, but the word "ditch" includes both an old ditch that has been cased and a ditch that still needs to be made. The same applies to the words "stream,""canal,""stream," and so on.
The term ditch can also be defined as the bed of a sewer. The words "ditch", "creek", "canal", "watercourse" must therefore be interpreted in the widest sense.

Normalement les fossés remplissent plusieurs fonctions essentielles:

  • Ils recueillent les eaux de surface;
  • Ils transportent l'eau collectée, de façon ralentie (souvent grâce à la végétation dans le fossé) ou pas ;
  • Ils laissent l'eau s'infiltrer dans le sol, selon la nature du sous-sol.
Normally ditches fulfill several essential functions:
  • They collect surface water;
  • They transport the collected water, slowed down (often due to vegetation in the ditch) or not;
  • They let water seep into the soil, depending on the nature of the subsoil.

La figure 1 montre en perspective un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, dans lequel une vue explosée du module est affichée. Le module se compose d'une première partie (1) qui a une section trapézoïdale, la partie supérieure étant ouverte. Cet élément, appelé élément de fossé, doit être déposé dans le fossé. L'espace libre entre l'élément de fossé et le fossé existant ou excavé, doit être rempli avec du matériau approprié (par exemple, sable, gravier ou autre matériau de remplissage approprié). En outre, le module se compose d'un élément de couverture (2) qui ferme la partie supérieure de l'élément de fossé et qui peut ainsi être utilisé en entier ou partiellement en tant que voie ou chemin piétonnier. Les deux éléments peuvent être fabriqués en béton, mais tout autre matériau approprié peut également être utilisé (béton recyclé, matériau composite, éléments fabriqués tels que acier, béton, recouvrement d'asphalte). L'élément de fossé et l'élément de couverture ont chacun une certaine longueur, qui facilite la manutention ou le transport. Une longueur appropriée est par exemple 2 m, mais d'autres longueurs sont possibles. Dans l'élément de fossé, une ou plusieurs cloisons (3) sont prévues. Ces cloisons remplissent plusieurs fonctions: comme contreforts aux parois latérales de l'élément de fossé afin de résister aux forces latérales, comme soutien supplémentaire pour l'élément de couverture dans le cas de plus grandes portées, pour réaliser une décélération de l'eau courante, ce qui favorise une infiltration locale. Cette dernière caractéristique du cloisonnage peut être très significative lors de pluies excessives et peut ainsi réduire le risque d'inondation. En effet, dans un cas normal, un fossé qui draine les eaux de pluie, lors de précipitations abondantes, , peut provoquer, en aval, des inondations. Les cloisons forment des réservoirs successifs qui peuvent stocker l'eau de pluie de façon à ce que le transport des eaux pluviales soit retardé ce qui diminue le risque d'inondation en aval. Le fossé pourra fonctionner comme un réservoir ou un réservoir-tampon.
Dans l'élément de fossé, par exemple à un ou aux deux cotés et/ou au milieu de l'élément de fossé, un ou plusieurs caniveaux d'attente (4, 5, 6) peuvent être prévus dans lesquels toutes sortes de conduites publiques (électricité, téléphone, câbles de communication, de gaz, des liquides hors gel, etc.) peuvent être placées.
Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, à au moins un des côtés de l'élément de fossé une goulotte séparée est prévue qui sert à l'évacuation de l'eau de pluie. Les goulottes séparées peuvent être perméables afin que l'eau provenant de l'extérieur de la goulotte puisse-t-être évacuée vers la partie sous-jacente de l'élément de fossé. Les ouvertures en forme de losange, visibles dans la figure 1 sur le côté de l'élément de fossé, permettent à l'eau du fossé de s'infiltrer dans le sol ou vice versa, par ces mêmes ouvertures les eaux souterraines peuvent être drainées vers l'élément de fossé. Ces ouvertures peuvent également avoir une forme différente telle que circulaire, en forme de fente, etc.
L' élément de couverture (2) peut être constituée d'une seule pièce. Dans l'exemple illustré dans la figure 1, l'élément de couverture existe en trois parties, deux parties latérales et une partie centrale. Ces parties peuvent comprendre:

  1. a. une partie surélevée (10), normalement située à côté de la route réservée au trafic lourd, qui sert de protection pour les usagers de la voirie au-dessus du fossé (premier élément latéral);
  2. b. une partie drainante (11) qui permet le drainage de l'eau vers l'élément de fossé (deuxième partie latérale) dans la figure 1, les deux parties 10 et 11 sont rehaussées et drainantes, mais d'autres combinaisons sont possibles;
  3. c. la partie réellement adaptée à la circulation et aux piétons (la partie centrale 12).
The figure 1 shows in perspective a first embodiment of the invention, in which an exploded view of the module is displayed. The module consists of a first part (1) which has a trapezoidal section, the upper part being open. This element, called a ditch element, must be placed in the ditch. The clearance between the ditch element and the existing or excavated ditch must be filled with suitable material (eg sand, gravel or other suitable filling material). In addition, the module consists of a cover element (2) which closes the upper part of the ditch element and can thus be used in whole or in part as a pathway or pedestrian path. Both elements can be made of concrete, but any other suitable material can also be used (recycled concrete, composite material, manufactured elements such as steel, concrete, asphalt overlay). The ditch element and the cover element each have a certain length, which facilitates handling or transport. A suitable length is for example 2 m, but other lengths are possible. In the ditch element, one or more partitions (3) are provided. These bulkheads fulfill several functions: as buttresses at the sidewalls of the ditch element to resist lateral forces, as additional support for the cover element in the case of larger spans, to decelerate the running water which favors local infiltration. This last characteristic of the partitioning can be very significant during excessive rains and can thus reduce the risk of flooding. Indeed, in a normal case, a ditch that drains rainwater, during heavy rainfall, can cause downstream flooding. Partitions form successive reservoirs that can store rainwater in such a way that the transport of rainwater is delayed, which reduces the risk of downstream flooding. The ditch can function as a reservoir or a buffer tank.
In the ditch element, for example at one or both sides and / or in the middle of the ditch element, one or more waiting gutters (4, 5, 6) may be provided in which all kinds of public conduits (electricity, telephone, communication cables, gas, frost-free liquids, etc.) can be placed.
In a particular embodiment, at least one side of the ditch element a separate chute is provided which serves for the evacuation of rainwater. The separate chutes may be permeable so that water from the outside of the chute may be discharged to the underlying portion of the ditch element. The diamond shaped openings, visible in the figure 1 on the side of the ditch element, allow the ditch water to seep into the soil or vice versa, through these same openings the groundwater can be drained towards the ditch element. These openings may also have a different shape such as circular, slot-shaped, etc.
The covering element (2) can be made in one piece. In the example shown in the figure 1 , the cover element exists in three parts, two side parts and a central part. These parts may include:
  1. at. an elevated portion (10), normally located adjacent to the heavy traffic road, which provides protection for road users above the ditch (first side element);
  2. b. a draining portion (11) which allows drainage of the water towards the ditch element (second lateral portion) in the figure 1 both parts 10 and 11 are raised and drained, but other combinations are possible;
  3. vs. the part actually adapted to traffic and pedestrians (the central portion 12).

La partie surélevée a une fonction multiple: elle marque la route, elle sert de bandes d'avertissement entre par exemple les voitures et les cyclistes (en réalisant la zone surélevée avec un profil particulier, les automobilistes quittant la route seront prévenus) et la grille drainante ainsi formée restera libre de saleté, de déchets et de feuilles.The raised part has a multiple function: it marks the road, it serves as warning strips between for example the cars and the cyclists (realizing the elevated zone with a particular profile, the motorists leaving the road will be warned) and the grid draining so formed will remain free of dirt, waste and leaves.

Un élément de couverture n'ayant qu'une partie latérale ou n'ayant pas de parties latérales est également possible. Dans le mode de réalisation préférentiel, les deux parties latérales (10, 11) sont perméables, mais une version avec une partie drainante latérale unique est également possible.A cover element having only a side part or having no side parts is also possible. In the preferred embodiment, the two side portions (10, 11) are permeable, but a version with a single lateral drainage portion is also possible.

Pour l'invention, le nombre d'éléments qui compose l'élément de couverture n'est pas important. Pour l'homme du métier, il est clair que l'élément de couverture peut être fabriquée d' une seule pièce, mais tout aussi bien en deux, trois ou plusieurs pièces.
Outre une section trapézoïdale de l'élément de fossé, d'autres sections sont possibles, comme une section transversale en V, une section transversale en U, une section (voir Fig. 3) consistant en une forme en V (31) avec une pièce de hausse (32), etc.
Dans le modèle avec un caniveau d'attente central (6) on peut prévoir à l'endroit de ce caniveau un rail permettant à une caméra de se déplacer à des fins d'inspection. Dans la cloison, et sous le caniveau d'attente central, une trou de débordement (26) peut être prévu.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel le module est équipé d'un caniveau d'attente - un caniveau d'attente central - placé en partie centrale de l'élément de fossé et un ou deux autres caniveaux d'attente - les caniveaux d'attente latéraux - qui sont situés sur les cotés de la partie centrale. Dans les caniveaux d'attente on peut placer des conduites publiques.
Une ou deux goulottes séparées latérales servent à l'écoulement de l'eau pluviale au travers de l'élément perméable.
L'élément de couverture peut être fabriqué d'une seule pièce. Dans le cas de l'exemple de réalisation des figures 2, 3 et 4, l'élément de couverture est exécuté avec trois composants intégrés, à savoir deux parties latérales (20, 21) et une partie centrale (22), les parties latérales étant imbriquées dans la partie centrale qu'elles doivent être placées par un mouvement rotatoire ou basculant. Cette mise en oeuvre permet d'inspecter facilement des goulottes séparées sous-jacentes.
Dans la figure 2, l'élément de fossé lui-même se compose de trois parties, en particulier une partie inférieure (27) et deux parties supérieures (28), chacune avec une goulotte séparée. En outre, chaque partie supérieure peut se composer d'une seule pièce ou être construite avec plusieurs éléments. Ces constructions font que l'élément de fossé est facile à manipuler et à transporter. Il est également possible de prévoir certaines pièces spéciales (Figure 3, l'élément 32) dont la hauteur d'une extrémité du module à l'autre extrémité du module peut varier. Ainsi il est possible de surmonter des petites différences de niveau, par exemple lorsque la voirie ou la piste cyclable croise l'accès vers une maison ou un garage.
La figure 4 montre un schéma détaillé d'une goulotte séparée avec les ouvertures 41 dans la élément de couverture et l'ouverture 42 dans la paroi entre la goulotte séparée et la partie centrale. Ces ouvertures permettent à l'eau de couler de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur de l'élément de fossé pour que le drainage naturel du fossé par le biais des éléments de fossé reste maintenu. Bien que dans ce schéma une seule ouverture est représentée, il est clair que dans l'axe longitudinal, ces ouvertures 41, 42 sont répétées de manière à ce que l'eau dans la goulotte séparée puisse s'écouler rapidement. De préférence, un dispositif de filtrage est placé dans l'élément de fossé qui permet de filtrer l'eau qui rentre. Ce dispositif de filtrage peut être réalisé en plaçant un premier tissu filtrant (43) dans l'angle entre l'élément de fossé et l'élément de couverture.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, le tissu (43) est disposé comme un revêtement intérieur dans une ou deux goulottes séparées à travers lequel l'eau de pluie est filtrée avant que l'eau atteigne la partie centrale de l'élément de fossé. De cette façon, par exemple, les boues, les hydrocarbures, les métaux lourds et autres produits chimiques sont supprimés de l'eau rentrante. Le tissu filtrant peut être fixé par serrage entre l'élément de couverture ou une partie de celle-ci (dans la figure la partie drainante de l'élément de fermeture) et le bord supérieur de la goulotte séparée. Selon un autre mode de réalisation préférentiel, une ou deux parties latérales de l'élément de couverture est réalisée en grillage.
Une voie adéquate ou un chemin est réalisé à la surface supérieure par la pose de différents modules qui s'assemblent entre eux.. Il est important que les fonctions essentielles du fossé soient conservées par la construction avec les différents modules: à travers les ouvertures dans l'élément de couverture et dans la paroi de la goulotte séparée, l'eau de surface est collectée, les éléments de fossé assemblés peuvent écouler l'eau collectée, les cloisons peuvent freiner la décharge de l'eau et grâce aux ouvertures en forme de losange dans les parois latérales l'infiltration de l'eau dans le sol est maintenue. Ces fonctions essentielles du fossé peut être donc être prises en charge par la construction des modules.For the invention, the number of elements that make up the cover element is not important. For those skilled in the art, it is clear that the cover element can be made in one piece, but equally well in two, three or more pieces.
In addition to a trapezoidal section of the ditch element, other sections are possible, such as a V-shaped cross-section, a U-shaped cross-section, a section (see Fig. 3 ) consisting of a V-shape (31) with a rising piece (32), etc.
In the model with a central standpipe (6) there can be provided at the location of this channel a rail allowing a camera to move for inspection purposes. In the bulkhead, and under the central standpipe, an overflow hole (26) can be provided.
According to a preferred embodiment, the module is equipped with a waiting gutter - a central waiting gutter - placed in the central part of the ditch element and one or two other waiting gutters - the waiting gutters. side - which are located on the sides of the central part. In the waiting gutters one can place public conduits.
One or two separate lateral chutes are used to drain the rainwater through the permeable element.
The cover element can be made in one piece. In the case of the exemplary embodiment of figures 2 , 3 and 4 , the covering element is executed with three integrated components, namely two lateral parts (20, 21) and a central part (22), the lateral parts being nested in the central part that they must be placed by a rotary movement or rocking. This implementation makes it easy to inspect underlying separate chutes.
In the figure 2 the ditch element itself is composed of three parts, in particular a lower part (27) and two upper parts (28), each with a separate chute. In addition, each top part can consist of one piece or be constructed with several elements. These constructions make the ditch element easy to handle and transport. It is also possible to provide some special parts ( Figure 3 element 32) whose height from one end of the module to the other end of the module may vary. Thus it is possible to overcome small differences in level, for example when the road or the bike path crosses access to a house or garage.
The figure 4 shows a detailed diagram of a separate chute with the openings 41 in the cover member and the opening 42 in the wall between the separate chute and the central portion. These openings allow water to flow from the outside to the inside of the ditch element so that the natural drainage of the ditch through the ditch elements remains maintained. Although in this diagram only one opening is shown, it is clear that in the longitudinal axis, these openings 41, 42 are repeated so that the water in the separate chute can flow quickly. Preferably, a filtering device is placed in the ditch element which makes it possible to filter the incoming water. This filtering device can be realized by placing a first filter cloth (43) in the angle between the ditch element and the cover element.
In a preferred embodiment, the fabric (43) is disposed as an inner liner in one or two separate chutes through which the rainwater is filtered before the water reaches the central portion of the ditch member. In this way, for example, sludge, hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other chemicals are removed from the incoming water. The filter cloth can be clamped between the cover element or part of this (in the figure the draining portion of the closure element) and the upper edge of the separate chute. According to another preferred embodiment, one or two lateral parts of the covering element is made of mesh.
A suitable path or path is made to the upper surface by laying different modules that fit together. It is important that the essential functions of the ditch are preserved by the construction with the different modules: through the openings in the cover element and in the wall of the separate chute, surface water is collected, the assembled ditch elements can drain the collected water, the partitions can slow down the discharge of the water and thanks to the shaped openings diamond in the side walls infiltration of water into the soil is maintained. These essential functions of the ditch can thus be supported by the construction of the modules.

Deux éléments de couverture consécutifs peuvent être reliés ensemble par un système de verrouillage approprié (par exemple par une denture appropriée). Cela empêche que la bande de circulation présente des décalages aux joints en raison d'affaissements. Un éclairage (par exemple LED) peut également être incorporé dans l'élément de couverture.
Des modules spéciaux peuvent être prévus qui peuvent être utilisés dans les courbures des fossés. Ces modules spéciaux peuvent être de différentes longueurs et peuvent également être fabriqués pour différents angles d'arc. Il est concevable de prévoir des éléments standards pour, en principe, réaliser chaque courbe.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, la section de l'élément de fossé, éventuellement avec des goulottes séparées, peut être entourée d'un second tissu filtrant (44), par exemple, un géotextile pour éviter la pénétration d'impuretés et de terre par le biais de l'eau souterraine. Ce second tissu filtrant peut également servir de filtrage supplémentaire de l'eau de l'élément de fossé qui s'infiltre dans le sol. Selon un mode particulier de réalisation l'élément de fossé et l'élément de couverture, éventuellement avec les goulottes séparées, peuvent former une unité structurelle.
Figure 5 montre une coude de raccordement (51) qui permet de raccorder des conduites publiques vers une propriété à proximité.Two consecutive cover elements can be connected together by a suitable locking system (for example by a suitable toothing). This prevents the circulation band from being offset at the joints due to subsidence. Lighting (eg LED) may also be incorporated in the cover element.
Special modules can be provided that can be used in ditch bends. These special modules can be of different lengths and can also be manufactured for different arc angles. It is conceivable to provide standard elements for, in principle, make each curve.
According to a particular embodiment, the section of the ditch element, possibly with separate chutes, may be surrounded by a second filter cloth (44), for example, a geotextile to prevent the entry of impurities and dirt. through groundwater. This second filter cloth can also serve as additional filtering of the water from the ditch element that seeps into the soil. According to one particular embodiment, the ditch element and the covering element, possibly with the separate chutes, can form a structural unit.
Figure 5 shows a connection elbow (51) for connecting public conduits to a nearby property.

Il est également imaginable d'utiliser les fossés existants le long des autoroutes pour la construction de nouvelles voies cyclables. L'avantage ici est que de telles pistes cyclables peuvent facilement être reliées aux routes parallèles existantes ou aux routes qui croisent l'autoroute.It is also conceivable to use the existing ditches along the motorways for the construction of new bicycle lanes. The advantage here is that such bike lanes can easily be connected to existing parallel roads or roads that cross the highway.

En utilisant les modules de l'invention on obtient également une meilleure stabilité du coffre de la route qui se trouve à côté du fossé et on diminue, voire on élimine complètement, la déformation ou l'affaissement de la chaussée. En outre, les modules selon l'invention peuvent être utilisés pour réaliser des limites de propriété ou fixer des lampadaires ou d'autres poteaux.
Avec les modules de l'invention on peut réaliser des chemins piétonniers, des pistes cyclables, des places de stationnement, des voies carrossables ou une combinaison de ces différentes possibilités de mise en oeuvre.
Un autre avantage de l'invention consiste à réduire l'entretien nécessaire du fossé. En effet, par l'absence de lumière naturelle, la végétation, normalement présente dans le fossé, s'arrête. En outre, par l'absence de déchets, la nourriture de toute sorte de vermine disparait. Les contaminants qui normalement passent avec l'eau de pluie dans l'élément de fossé et de là dans les eaux souterraines sont éliminés par l'entretien ou le remplacement du premier tissu filtrant (43). L'invention peut également être appliquée à des fossés, qui étaient auparavant tubés ou à des fossés qui doivent encore être creusés.By using the modules of the invention is also obtained a better stability of the trunk of the road that is next to the ditch and it reduces or even completely eliminates the deformation or collapse of the roadway. In addition, the modules according to the invention can be used to achieve property limits or fix streetlights or other poles.
With the modules of the invention can be made pedestrian paths, bike paths, parking spaces, driveways or a combination of these different possibilities of implementation.
Another advantage of the invention consists in reducing the necessary maintenance of the ditch. Indeed, by the absence of natural light, the vegetation, normally present in the ditch, stops. In addition, by the absence of waste, the food of all kinds of vermin disappears. Contaminants that normally pass with rainwater into the ditch element and from there into the groundwater are removed by the maintenance or replacement of the first filter cloth (43). The invention can also be applied to ditches, which were previously cased or ditches that still need to be dug.

Comme un exemple particulier, on peut penser à l'application de l'invention dans un terrain de parking. En effet, dans le cas d'un terrain de parking l'évacuation des eaux de pluie pose un problème particulier. En creusant des conduites d'égouttage et par la pose des modules de l'invention dans ces conduites un drainage efficace des eaux de pluie peut être obtenu et un réservoir tampon peut aussi être créé qui est capable de stocker une grande quantité d'eau par l'existence des cloisons dans les modules. De cette façon, par exemple dans le cas de pluies abondantes, on évite de surcharger le réseau d'égouts, et ainsi le risque d'inondations.As a particular example, one can think of the application of the invention in a parking lot. Indeed, in the case of a parking lot the evacuation of rainwater poses a particular problem. By digging drip lines and by laying modules of the invention in these pipes an efficient drainage of rainwater can be obtained and a buffer tank can also be created which is able to store a large amount of water by the existence of partitions in the modules. In this way, for example in the case of heavy rains, it avoids overloading the sewer system, and thus the risk of flooding.

L'invention n'est pas limitée à la combinaison d'éléments, comme indiqué dans différents modes de réalisation, mais l'invention comprend aussi une combinaison de certains éléments dans un mode de réalisation avec des éléments d'un autre mode de réalisation. Il est également évident que différentes combinaisons d'éléments pour la construction d'un module sont possibles.The invention is not limited to the combination of elements, as indicated in different embodiments, but the invention also includes a combination of certain elements in one embodiment with elements of another embodiment. It is also obvious that different combinations of elements for the construction of a module are possible.

Claims (11)

  1. Module for the construction of a road or a footpath comprising:
    - a ditch element (1) adapted to be put in a ditch or in a watercourse, whereby the ditch or watercourse is already existing or is still to be realized and whereby the water in the ditch or in the watercourse is flowing within the ditch element when put into place;
    - a cover element (2) closing the upper part of the ditch-element, building in this way a road and/or a footpath;
    - whereby the cover element comprises at least one permeable part (10, 11), and
    - whereby the cover element comprises a raised zone (10, 11), protecting the users of the road and/or the footpath;
    - and whereby the ditch-element comprises a filtering device.
  2. Module according to claim 1, wherein the ditch element comprises at least a separate rill for collecting the rainwater.
  3. Module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ditch-element comprises one or more partitions (3).
  4. Module according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the filtering device comprises a filtering fabric (43,44).
  5. Module according to claim 1,2,3 or 4, wherein the ditch element and the cover element build a constructive unit.
  6. Module according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the cover element is at least partially movable in relation to the ditch element.
  7. Module according to any of the previous claims, wherein the ditch-element is at least partially permeable so that the essential functions of the ditch or the watercourse are at least partially maintained.
  8. Module according to any of the previous claims, comprising further at least a wait-gutter capable of accommodating public utilities conducts.
  9. Module according to any of the claims 1 to 4 or 6 to 8 wherein the cover element comprises at least at one side a rotatory or rocking part.
  10. Road or footpath, constructed using a plurality of modules according to anyone of the previous claims.
  11. Method for constructing a road and/or a footpath using modules according to anyone of the claims I to 9, the method comprising:
    - putting down one or more ditch-element in a ditch or in a watercourse;
    - putting into place a filtering device in one or more ditch-elements;
    - covering the superior opening of one or more ditch-elements by one or more cover elements whereby one or more cover elements comprise a raised part (10, 11).
EP10075756.6A 2009-12-23 2010-12-17 Module for the construction of a road or a footpath on a watercourse Active EP2339069B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

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RS20160584A RS54955B1 (en) 2009-12-23 2010-12-17 Module for the construction of a road or a footpath on a watercourse
SI201031241A SI2339069T1 (en) 2009-12-23 2010-12-17 Module for the construction of a road or a footpath on a watercourse
HRP20160926TT HRP20160926T1 (en) 2009-12-23 2016-07-22 Module for the construction of a road or a footpath on a watercourse

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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BE2009/0813A BE1019124A3 (en) 2009-12-23 2009-12-23 MODULE SUITABLE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A ROADWAY OR A FOOTPATH ABOVE A WATER RUN.

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EP2339069A3 EP2339069A3 (en) 2014-08-27
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BE (1) BE1019124A3 (en)
CY (1) CY1117939T1 (en)
DK (1) DK2339069T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2581661T3 (en)
HR (1) HRP20160926T1 (en)
HU (1) HUE030283T2 (en)
PL (1) PL2339069T3 (en)
PT (1) PT2339069T (en)
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US4825494A (en) * 1988-06-06 1989-05-02 Pace Technologies, Inc. Wetland crossing bridge assembly
NL9400011A (en) * 1994-01-05 1995-08-01 Molenaar Viktor L Method for making a sunken track in the ground by means of a prefabricated element, and prefabricated element suitable for this method
NL1006180C2 (en) * 1997-05-30 1998-12-10 Holland Railconsult Supporting member for supporting rails and a method for manufacturing them.
JP2002061105A (en) * 2000-08-21 2002-02-28 Hidemitsu Kakudo Boundary water introducing groove block and waste water treatment structure in road
US20060159520A1 (en) * 2004-06-07 2006-07-20 Charon James W Modular drainage components
BRPI0902331B1 (en) * 2009-07-06 2018-08-14 Santiago Dos Santos Mauricio PLUVAL WATER DRAIN SYSTEM CHANNEL

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PT2339069T (en) 2016-07-29
HUE030283T2 (en) 2017-05-29
EP2339069A2 (en) 2011-06-29
DK2339069T3 (en) 2016-08-15
SI2339069T1 (en) 2016-09-30
EP2339069A3 (en) 2014-08-27
CY1117939T1 (en) 2017-05-17
PL2339069T3 (en) 2016-11-30
HRP20160926T1 (en) 2016-10-07
ES2581661T3 (en) 2016-09-06
RS54955B1 (en) 2016-11-30
BE1019124A3 (en) 2012-03-06

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