EP2315867B1 - Condensation dryer with a heat pump and recognition of an impermissible operating state and method for the operation thereof - Google Patents

Condensation dryer with a heat pump and recognition of an impermissible operating state and method for the operation thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2315867B1
EP2315867B1 EP09781179A EP09781179A EP2315867B1 EP 2315867 B1 EP2315867 B1 EP 2315867B1 EP 09781179 A EP09781179 A EP 09781179A EP 09781179 A EP09781179 A EP 09781179A EP 2315867 B1 EP2315867 B1 EP 2315867B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
temperature
refrigerant
lim
operating state
heat pump
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EP09781179A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2315867A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Nawrot
Ulrich Nehring
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/20—General details of domestic laundry dryers 
    • D06F58/206—Heat pump arrangements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/52—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers related to electric heating means, e.g. temperature or voltage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a condensation dryer with a heat pump and detection of an impermissible operating state and a preferred method for its operation.
  • a condensation dryer air (so-called process air) is passed through a fan via a heater in a wet laundry containing drum as a drying chamber.
  • the hot air absorbs moisture from the laundry to be dried.
  • the then moist process air is passed into a heat exchanger, which is usually preceded by a lint filter.
  • the moist process air is cooled so that the water contained in the moist process air condenses.
  • the condensed water is then generally collected in a suitable container and the cooled and dried air is returned to the heater (which may be the heat source of a heat pump, if desired) and then to the drum.
  • this drying process is very energy-intensive, since the cooling air flow heated in the heat exchanger during the cooling of the process air can be energetically lost to the process.
  • a heat pump By using a heat pump, this energy loss can be significantly reduced.
  • the cooling of the warm, moisture-laden process air essentially takes place in a heat sink of the heat pump, where the heat withdrawn from the process air is used, for example for evaporating a refrigerant used in the heat pump cycle.
  • the heat absorbed in the heat sink is transported within the heat pump to the heat source and there again - optionally at opposite the temperature at the heat sink elevated temperature - discharged again.
  • a heat pump which operates with a refrigerant as a heat transfer medium, wherein the refrigerant is evaporated in the heat sink and liquefied in the heat source
  • the vaporized passes gaseous refrigerant via a compressor to the heat source, which can be referred to here as a condenser, where due to the condensation of the gaseous refrigerant heat is released, which is used to heat the process air before entering the drum.
  • the liquefied refrigerant eventually flows through a throttle back to the evaporator; the throttle is used to reduce the internal pressure in the refrigerant, so that it can evaporate in the evaporator with renewed absorption of heat.
  • the heat pump which is thus operated with a circulating refrigerant, is also known as a "compressor heat pump”. Other types of heat pump are also known.
  • the DE 40 23 000 C2 discloses a clothes dryer with a heat pump, in which a supply air opening is arranged in the process air channel between the condenser and the evaporator, which is closable with a controllable closure device.
  • the DE 197 28 197 A1 discloses a method for detecting improper operating conditions in a tumble dryer and a corresponding tumble dryer. With the method, it should be possible to separately or collectively detect different operating conditions of too high temperature, which originate from different areas.
  • the temperature is detected periodically in the supply air above a Zu Kunststoffdorfung and before the laundry drum, formed of two consecutively detected values, a difference value or gradient, this difference value (gradient) compared with a predetermined difference value (gradient), wherein, if the newly formed difference value is absolutely greater is the predetermined difference value, a count is incremented by one step, that count is compared to a predetermined count, and if the current count is greater than the predetermined count, the heater of the clothes dryer is turned off and / or an operating status indicator is activated.
  • the WO 2008/086933 A1 discloses a condensation dryer with a drying chamber, a process air circuit in which a heater for heating the process air and the heated process air can be guided by means of a blower over the objects to be dried, an air-to-air heat exchanger and a heat pump cycle with an evaporator, a Compressor and a condenser.
  • the heat pump circuit is located between condenser and evaporator an additional heat exchanger which is operatively coupled to the air-to-air heat exchanger.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant of the heat pump, in particular in the condenser is kept within the permissible range via the control of heat pump and additional heat exchanger.
  • temperature sensors are used to control the temperature of refrigerant or heat pump and the temperature of the process air in the heat pump circuit and / or in the process air circuit.
  • the DE 29 17 230 A1 describes a method for controlling the operation of a drying apparatus having a drum for drying an object, wherein a desired degree of drying to be achieved by the apparatus for the object to be dried is programmed, a plurality of temperatures of the heated air entering the drum and the Drum-trapped, moisture-laden air is detected during each drying cycle of the device, a maximum temperature difference between the temperatures of the heated air and the temperatures of the charged with moisture air, and as a function of the maximum temperature difference and the programmed degree of drying for the object a final temperature difference between the temperatures, which is a measure of the programmed degree of drying, and the machine function is switched off when the final temperature difference is present.
  • the EP 1 593 770 A2 describes a clothes dryer with a drying chamber, a heat pump mechanism in which a refrigerant can circulate between a heat absorber, a compressor, a throttle unit and a heat radiator, and an air circulation path for the circulation of drying air from the drying chamber through the heat absorber and the heat radiator back to the drying chamber.
  • a refrigerant can circulate between a heat absorber, a compressor, a throttle unit and a heat radiator, and an air circulation path for the circulation of drying air from the drying chamber through the heat absorber and the heat radiator back to the drying chamber.
  • an air discharge part is arranged between the drying chamber and the heat absorber, so that a part of the drying air flowing through the air circulation path from the drying chamber to the heat absorber is carried outside through the air discharge part.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant is measured and controlled so as to remain within a predetermined range.
  • a compressor heat pump usually works optimally in certain temperature ranges in the evaporator and in the condenser.
  • the problem with the use of a compressor heat pump in the condensation dryer is usually the high temperature in the condenser, which can lead to process-related that the refrigerant can no longer or not completely liquefied; then the compressor must be switched off and / or a significantly deteriorated effect of the heat pump can be accepted.
  • This problem is even greater if the compressor is supported by additional heating in the process air circuit in order to achieve faster heating of the process air and thus shorter drying times.
  • contamination of the airways may interfere with the circulating process air. This can also lead to an increase in the temperature of the refrigerant. Such operating conditions can lead to damage to the heat pump or other parts of the dryer and are therefore inadmissible.
  • an impermissible operating state for example a reduced circulation of the process air (air power reduction) is determined by detecting a temperature in the process air stream above a heater for the process air and in front of the drying chamber at regular intervals and in each case from two consecutively detected values a difference value is formed, which corresponds to a temporal gradient.
  • This information generally need not be available in this form for a dryer equipped with a heat pump (heat pump dryer).
  • heat pump dryer the heat pump is often farther from the drying chamber than the heater in a conventional condensation dryer.
  • the detection of an impermissible operating state in a condensation dryer, which is equipped with a heat pump in this way only inaccurately possible.
  • the object of the invention was therefore to provide a condensation dryer with a heat pump and a method for its operation, in which an inadmissible operating state can be detected in a simple manner.
  • the term "improper operating condition” is to be construed broadly. This means any operating condition that can lead to impairment of a drying process and / or damage to the condensation dryer.
  • the second means returns the number n determined by the counting device to zero when the condition ⁇ n ⁇ 0 0 is not met within a predetermined period ⁇ t 2 in the control.
  • the temperature sensor is located at the outlet of the condenser or at the outlet of the compressor.
  • an additional heat exchanger is arranged in the heat pump in the condensation dryer according to the invention.
  • the additional heat exchanger is arranged in a process air channel between the evaporator and the condenser.
  • the additional heat exchanger is arranged in a cooling air duct.
  • an air-air heat exchanger is arranged in this cooling air duct.
  • the condensation dryer according to the invention preferably comprises a second fan for cooling the heat pump cycle.
  • the second blower is preferably arranged in a cooling air duct and / or the surroundings of the compressor.
  • the condensation dryer according to the invention preferably has an acoustic and / or visual display means for indicating an impermissible operating state.
  • An optical display means may be, for example, a liquid crystal display on which certain prompts or hints are given. It may also or alternatively light LEDs in one or more colors light up.
  • the type of display of an impermissible operating state may depend on the type of impermissible operating state.
  • a request to clean the air passages in the condensation dryer could be indicated on a liquid crystal display.
  • a request to clean the air passages in the condensation dryer could be indicated on a liquid crystal display.
  • Alternatively or in addition to this could light up a light-emitting diode, for example in the color "orange".
  • a second impermissible operating state which is generally critical, for example, an indication that the drying process has been interrupted, the refrigerant circuit checked and / or a service technician to turn on, could be indicated on a liquid crystal display. Alternatively or in addition to this could light up a light-emitting diode, for example in the color "red".
  • the display could also be made via an acoustic display, with different impermissible operating states could be displayed by different beeps.
  • the heating of the process air can only take place via the condenser of the heat pump. However, it can also be used in addition to an electric heater.
  • a further heater is used in the condensation dryer according to the invention, this is preferably a two-stage heater.
  • the control of this heater is also used in a preferred embodiment of the invention for controlling the temperature of the refrigerant.
  • a first inadmissible operating state is indicated.
  • the display of a first impermissible operating state comprises the request to clean the air passages in the condensation dryer.
  • a second impermissible operating state is indicated for the case ⁇ n greater than or equal to n 2 , where n 2 is a predetermined value stored in the control.
  • n 2 is a predetermined value stored in the control.
  • n 2 is greater than n 1 .
  • a cooling device for the heat pump can be used, which is preferably a second Blower includes.
  • the second blower can be used directly for cooling components of the heat pump, in particular the compressor.
  • the second fan and an additional heat exchanger are arranged in a cooling air passage, wherein the additional heat exchanger is located in the heat pump.
  • the cooling air duct may still be another air-to-air heat exchanger.
  • the possibly present air-air heat exchanger is removable. This is particularly advantageous because a removable heat exchanger can be cleaned more easily from lint.
  • process air and cooling air or process air and refrigerant in the heat pump are each passed through the corresponding heat exchangers in a crossflow or countercurrent process.
  • the refrigerant used in the heat pump cycle is preferably selected from the group consisting of propane, carbon dioxide and fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds.
  • the known refrigerants R134a, R152a, R407C and R410A come into consideration.
  • the heat pump in the condensation dryer according to the invention in addition to evaporator, condenser and compressor in the flow direction of the refrigerant between the condenser and the evaporator on a throttle; this can in particular be an expansion valve (also referred to as throttle valve), a capillary or a diaphragm.
  • an expansion valve also referred to as throttle valve
  • a capillary or a diaphragm.
  • the refrigerant used in the heat pump preferably circulates with a turbulent flow.
  • a turbulent flow may be adjusted by a suitable structural design of a flow channel and / or by suitable drive means (e.g., compressor).
  • the temperature of the refrigerant of the heat pump is generally kept within the permissible range via the control of the heat pump and possibly an additional heat exchanger.
  • the control of the heat pump is preferably carried out in coordination with the control of the heating.
  • the condenser dryer As the degree of drying of the objects to be dried in the condenser dryer decreases the energy required for drying, it is appropriate to regulate the heating accordingly, that is. As the degree of dryness progresses, their heating power is reduced to maintain a balance between the supplied and necessary drying energy.
  • the invention has the advantage that the operation of a condensation dryer can be monitored in a simple and effective manner. Impermissible operating states can be displayed safely, so that suitable countermeasures can be taken.
  • the heat pump and in particular its condenser can operate in an optimum temperature range. This allows the operation of the condensation dryer with a particularly favorable energy balance. In addition, the heat pump is spared.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertically cut condensation dryer (hereinafter abbreviated to "dryer”) according to a first embodiment, in which the heating of the process air takes place exclusively via the condenser of the heat pump.
  • dryer vertically cut condensation dryer
  • the in FIG. 1 shown dryer 1 has a drum rotatable about a horizontal axis as a drying chamber 3, are mounted within which driver 4 for moving laundry during a drum rotation.
  • Process air is conducted by means of a first blower 19 through a drum 3 and a heat pump 13, 14, 15, 17 in an air duct 2 in a closed circuit (process air circuit 2).
  • the heated in a condenser 15 of the heat pump 13,14,15 process air is cooled after passing through the drum 3 and moisture absorption and heated again by the condenser 15 after condensation of the moisture contained in the process air.
  • the vaporized in the evaporator 13 refrigerant of the heat pump 13,14,15,17 is connected via a Compressor 14 passed to the condenser 15.
  • condenser 15 the refrigerant liquefies with heat being released to the process air.
  • the now present in liquid form refrigerant is then passed to an additional heat exchanger 16, which is located together with a second fan 20 in a cooling air duct 12, and from there via a throttle valve 17 in turn to the evaporator 13, whereby the refrigerant circuit is closed.
  • the cooling air is taken from the room air and returned to the room air after heat exchange.
  • the drum 3 is in the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment at the rear bottom by means of a pivot bearing and front mounted by means of a bearing plate 7, wherein the drum 3 rests with a brim on a sliding strip 8 on the bearing plate 7 and is held at the front end.
  • the control of the condensation dryer via a controller 10, which can be controlled by the user via an operating unit 9.
  • a temperature sensor 22 is arranged at the outputs 23 and 24.
  • Each of these temperature sensor 22 can be used in the context of the above monitoring process, also possibly both temperature sensor 22 together with respectively corresponding limit temperature differences in common.
  • An optical display means 25 serves to indicate an impermissible operating state, wherein different colors can indicate different impermissible operating states.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the process air circuit and the heat pump 13, 14, 15, 17 for in Fig. 1 shown first embodiment of the condensation dryer. While the process air in the closed process air circuit 2 and the refrigerant in the closed loop in the heat pump 13,14,15,17 is performed, the air used by the second blower 20 for cooling in the additional heat exchanger 16 of the room air is removed and after passing through the additional Heat exchanger 16 is returned to the room air.
  • FIG. 3 shows a vertically cut condensation dryer (hereinafter abbreviated to "dryer") according to a second embodiment, in which an additional heat exchanger is located both in the heat pump and in the cooling air duct of an air-to-air heat exchanger.
  • dryer vertically cut condensation dryer
  • the in FIG. 3 shown dryer 1 has a drum rotatable about a horizontal axis as a drying chamber 3, are mounted within which driver 4 for moving laundry during a drum rotation.
  • Process air is conducted by means of a first blower 19 via a heater 18, by a drum 3, an air-air heat exchanger 11,12 and a heat pump 13,14,15,17 in an air channel 2 in a closed circuit (process air circuit 2).
  • the moist, warm process air is cooled and reheated after condensation of moisture contained in the process air.
  • the present in liquid form refrigerant is then passed to an additional heat exchanger 16, which is located in the cooling air passage 12 of the air-to-air heat exchanger 11,12 between this and a second fan 20, and from there via a throttle valve 17 in turn to the evaporator thirteenth , whereby the refrigerant circuit is closed.
  • the cooling air is taken from the room air and fed back to the room air after passage through the air-to-air heat exchanger 11,12.
  • the drum 3 is in the in Fig. 3 shown embodiment at the rear bottom by means of a pivot bearing and front mounted by means of a bearing plate 7, wherein the drum 3 rests with a brim on a sliding strip 8 on the bearing plate 7 and is held at the front end.
  • the control of the condensation dryer via a controller 10, which can be controlled by the user via an operating unit 9.
  • a temperature sensor 22 is arranged at the outputs 23 and 24.
  • An optical display means 25 serves to indicate an impermissible operating state.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the process air circuit and the heat pump circuit for in Fig. 3 shown second embodiment. While the process air in the closed process air circuit 2 and the refrigerant is conducted in the closed circuit of the heat pump 13,14,15,17, the air used for cooling in the air-air heat exchanger 11,12 of the room air is removed, via the second fan 20 after Passed passage through the additional heat exchanger 16 to the air-to-air heat exchanger 11,12 and then fed back to the room air.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of the process air circuit and the heat pump circuit for a third embodiment of the condensation dryer.
  • the additional heat exchanger 16 is arranged in the cooling air channel 12 on the side facing away from the air-to-air heat exchanger 11,12 side of the second blower 20. The heat exchanger 16 is thus in the intake of the cooling air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)

Abstract

A condensation dryer having a temperature sensor to measure a temperature of a coolant; a first comparator to determine a temperature difference between a first temperature of the coolant and a second temperature of the coolant that is measured after a period of time and to compare the temperature difference with a limiting temperature difference stored in a controller; a counter to ascertain a number of occurrences in which the temperature difference is greater than or equal to the limiting temperature difference; and a second comparator to compare the number of occurrences with a limiting number stored in the controller and to evaluate a number difference between the number of occurrences and the limiting number with respect to the presence of an impermissible operating state. A first impermissible operating state is indicated if the number difference is greater than or equal to a value stored in the controller.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kondensationstrockner mit einer Wärmepumpe und Erkennung eines unzulässigen Betriebszustands sowie ein bevorzugtes Verfahren zu seinem Betrieb.The invention relates to a condensation dryer with a heat pump and detection of an impermissible operating state and a preferred method for its operation.

In einem Kondensationstrockner wird Luft (sogenannte Prozessluft) durch ein Gebläse über eine Heizung in eine feuchte Wäschestücke enthaltende Trommel als Trocknungskammer geleitet. Die heiße Luft nimmt Feuchtigkeit aus den zu trocknenden Wäschestücken auf. Nach Durchgang durch die Trommel wird die dann feuchte Prozessluft in einen Wärmetauscher geleitet, dem in der Regel ein Flusenfilter vorgeschaltet ist. In diesem Wärmetauscher (z.B. Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher oder Wärmesenke einer Wärmepumpe) wird die feuchte Prozessluft abgekühlt, so dass das in der feuchten Prozessluft enthaltene Wasser kondensiert. Das kondensierte Wasser wird anschließend im Allgemeinen in einem geeigneten Behälter gesammelt und die abgekühlte und getrocknete Luft erneut der Heizung (die gegebenenfalls die Wärmequelle einer Wärmepumpe sein kann) und anschließend der Trommel zugeführt.In a condensation dryer air (so-called process air) is passed through a fan via a heater in a wet laundry containing drum as a drying chamber. The hot air absorbs moisture from the laundry to be dried. After passage through the drum, the then moist process air is passed into a heat exchanger, which is usually preceded by a lint filter. In this heat exchanger (for example air-to-air heat exchanger or heat sink of a heat pump), the moist process air is cooled so that the water contained in the moist process air condenses. The condensed water is then generally collected in a suitable container and the cooled and dried air is returned to the heater (which may be the heat source of a heat pump, if desired) and then to the drum.

Dieser Trocknungsvorgang ist unter Umständen sehr energieintensiv, da der bei der Kühlung der Prozessluft im Wärmetauscher erwärmte Kühlluftstrom dem Prozess energetisch verloren gehen kann. Durch Einsatz einer Wärmepumpe lässt sich dieser Energieverlust deutlich reduzieren. Bei einem mit einer Wärmepumpe ausgestatteten Kondensationstrockner erfolgt die Kühlung der warmen, mit Feuchtigkeit beladenen Prozessluft im Wesentlichen in einer Wärmesenke der Wärmepumpe, wo die der Prozessluft entzogene Wärme beispielsweise zur Verdampfung eines im Wärmepumpenkreis eingesetzten Kältemittels verwendet wird. Die in der Wärmesenke aufgenommene Wärme wird innerhalb der Wärmepumpe zu der Wärmequelle transportiert und dort wieder - gegebenenfalls bei gegenüber der Temperatur an der Wärmesenke erhöhter Temperatur - wieder abgegeben. In einer Wärmepumpe, die mit einem Kältemittel als Wärmetransportmittel arbeitet, wobei das Kältemittel in der Wärmesenke verdampft und in der Wärmequelle verflüssigt wird, gelangt das verdampfte, gasförmige Kältemittel über einen Kompressor zu der Wärmequelle, die hier als Verflüssiger bezeichnet werden kann, wo aufgrund der Kondensation des gasförmigen Kältemittels Wärme freigesetzt wird, die zum Aufheizen der Prozessluft vor Eintritt in die Trommel verwendet wird. Das verflüssigte Kältemittel fließt schließlich durch eine Drossel zurück zum Verdampfer; die Drossel dient der Herabsetzung des Binnendrucks im Kältemittel, so dass dieses im Verdampfer unter erneutem Aufnehmen von Wärme verdampfen kann. Die Wärmepumpe, die solcherart mit einem zirkulierenden Kältemittel betrieben wird, ist auch als "Kompressor-Wärmepumpe" bekannt. Andere Bauformen der Wärmepumpe sind ebenfalls bekannt.Under certain circumstances, this drying process is very energy-intensive, since the cooling air flow heated in the heat exchanger during the cooling of the process air can be energetically lost to the process. By using a heat pump, this energy loss can be significantly reduced. In a condensation dryer equipped with a heat pump, the cooling of the warm, moisture-laden process air essentially takes place in a heat sink of the heat pump, where the heat withdrawn from the process air is used, for example for evaporating a refrigerant used in the heat pump cycle. The heat absorbed in the heat sink is transported within the heat pump to the heat source and there again - optionally at opposite the temperature at the heat sink elevated temperature - discharged again. In a heat pump, which operates with a refrigerant as a heat transfer medium, wherein the refrigerant is evaporated in the heat sink and liquefied in the heat source, the vaporized, passes gaseous refrigerant via a compressor to the heat source, which can be referred to here as a condenser, where due to the condensation of the gaseous refrigerant heat is released, which is used to heat the process air before entering the drum. The liquefied refrigerant eventually flows through a throttle back to the evaporator; the throttle is used to reduce the internal pressure in the refrigerant, so that it can evaporate in the evaporator with renewed absorption of heat. The heat pump, which is thus operated with a circulating refrigerant, is also known as a "compressor heat pump". Other types of heat pump are also known.

Die DE 40 23 000 C2 offenbart einen Wäschetrockner mit einer Wärmepumpe, bei dem im Prozessluftkanal zwischen dem Verflüssiger und dem Verdampfer eine Zuluftöffnung angeordnet ist, die mit einer steuerbaren Verschlusseinrichtung verschließbar ist.The DE 40 23 000 C2 discloses a clothes dryer with a heat pump, in which a supply air opening is arranged in the process air channel between the condenser and the evaporator, which is closable with a controllable closure device.

Die DE 197 28 197 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Erkennung unzulässiger Betriebszustände in einem Wäschetrockner sowie einen entsprechenden Wäschetrockner. Mit dem Verfahren soll es möglich sein, getrennt oder gemeinsam verschiedene Betriebszustände von zu hoher Temperatur zu erfassen, welche aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen herrühren. Die Temperatur wird im Zuluftstrom oberhalb einer Zuluftheizung und vor der Wäschetrommel periodisch erfasst, aus zwei aufeinanderfolgend erfassten Werten ein Differenzwert bzw. Gradient gebildet, dieser Differenzwert (Gradient) mit einem vorgegebenen Differenzwert (Gradient) verglichen, wobei, wenn der neu gebildete Differenzwert absolut größer als der vorgegebene Differenzwert ist, ein Zählwert um einen Schritt erhöht wird, dieser Zählwert mit einem vorgegebenen Zählwert verglichen wird, und, wenn der aktuelle Zählwert größer als der vorgegebene Zählwert ist, die Heizung des Wäschetrockners abgeschaltet und/oder eine Betriebszustandsanzeige aktiviert wird.The DE 197 28 197 A1 discloses a method for detecting improper operating conditions in a tumble dryer and a corresponding tumble dryer. With the method, it should be possible to separately or collectively detect different operating conditions of too high temperature, which originate from different areas. The temperature is detected periodically in the supply air above a Zuluftheizung and before the laundry drum, formed of two consecutively detected values, a difference value or gradient, this difference value (gradient) compared with a predetermined difference value (gradient), wherein, if the newly formed difference value is absolutely greater is the predetermined difference value, a count is incremented by one step, that count is compared to a predetermined count, and if the current count is greater than the predetermined count, the heater of the clothes dryer is turned off and / or an operating status indicator is activated.

Die WO 2008/086933 A1 offenbart einen Kondensationstrockner mit einer Trocknungskammer, einem Prozessluftkreis, in dem sich eine Heizung zur Erwärmung der Prozessluft befindet und die erwärmte Prozessluft mittels eines Gebläses über die zu trocknenden Gegenstände geführt werden kann, einem Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher und einem Wärmepumpenkreis mit einem Verdampfer, einem Kompressor und einem Verflüssiger. Im Wärmepumpenkreis befindet sich zwischen Verflüssiger und Verdampfer ein zusätzlicher Wärmetauscher, welcher mit dem Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher funktionell gekoppelt ist. Die Temperatur des Kältemittels der Wärmepumpe, insbesondere im Verflüssiger, wird über die Steuerung von Wärmepumpe und zusätzlichem Wärmetauscher im zulässigen Bereich gehalten. Außerdem werden zur Regelung der Temperatur von Kältemittel bzw. Wärmepumpe sowie der Temperatur der Prozessluft im Wärmepumpenkreis und/oder im Prozessluftkreis Temperaturfühler eingesetzt.The WO 2008/086933 A1 discloses a condensation dryer with a drying chamber, a process air circuit in which a heater for heating the process air and the heated process air can be guided by means of a blower over the objects to be dried, an air-to-air heat exchanger and a heat pump cycle with an evaporator, a Compressor and a condenser. The heat pump circuit is located between condenser and evaporator an additional heat exchanger which is operatively coupled to the air-to-air heat exchanger. The temperature of the refrigerant of the heat pump, in particular in the condenser, is kept within the permissible range via the control of heat pump and additional heat exchanger. In addition, temperature sensors are used to control the temperature of refrigerant or heat pump and the temperature of the process air in the heat pump circuit and / or in the process air circuit.

Die DE 29 17 230 A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Steuerung des Betriebs eines Trockengeräts mit einer Trommel zum Trocknen eines Gegenstandes, bei dem ein gewünschter, durch das Gerät zu erreichender Trocknungsgrad für den zu trocknenden Gegenstand programmiert wird, eine Vielzahl von Temperaturen der in die Trommel eintretenden erhitzten Luft und der die Trommel verlassenden, mit Feuchtigkeit geladenen Luft erfasst wird, während jedes Trocknungszyklus des Gerätes eine maximale Temperaturdifferenz zwischen den Temperaturen der erhitzten Luft und den Temperaturen der mit Feuchtigkeit geladenen Luft bestimmt wird, und als Funktion der maximalen Temperaturdifferenz und des programmierten Trocknungsgrades für den Gegenstand eine Endtemperaturdifferenz zwischen den Temperaturen abgeleitet wird, welche ein Maß für den programmierten Trocknungsgrad ist, und die Maschinenfunktion abgeschaltet wird, wenn die Endtemperaturdifferenz vorliegt.The DE 29 17 230 A1 describes a method for controlling the operation of a drying apparatus having a drum for drying an object, wherein a desired degree of drying to be achieved by the apparatus for the object to be dried is programmed, a plurality of temperatures of the heated air entering the drum and the Drum-trapped, moisture-laden air is detected during each drying cycle of the device, a maximum temperature difference between the temperatures of the heated air and the temperatures of the charged with moisture air, and as a function of the maximum temperature difference and the programmed degree of drying for the object a final temperature difference between the temperatures, which is a measure of the programmed degree of drying, and the machine function is switched off when the final temperature difference is present.

Die EP 1 593 770 A2 beschreibt einen Wäschetrockner mit einer Trocknungskammer, einem Wärmepumpenmechanismus, in dem ein Kältemittel zwischen einem Wärmeabsorber, einem Kompressor, einer Drosseleinheit und einem Wärmestrahler zirkulieren kann, und einem Luftzirkulationsweg für die Zirkulation von Trocknungsluft von der Trocknungskammer durch den Wärmeabsorber und den Wärmestrahler zurück zur Trocknungskammer. Im Luftzirkulationsweg ist ein Luftaustragungsteil zwischen der Trocknungskammer und dem Wärmeabsorber angeordnet, so dass ein Teil der Trocknungsluft, die durch den Luftzirkulationsweg von der Trocknungskammer zum Wärmeabsorber fließt, durch das Luftentleerungsteil nach außen befördert wird. Bei der in Fig. 10 gezeigten Ausführungsform des Wäschetrockners wird die Temperatur des Kältemittels gemessen und so geregelt, dass sie innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Bereiches bleibt.The EP 1 593 770 A2 describes a clothes dryer with a drying chamber, a heat pump mechanism in which a refrigerant can circulate between a heat absorber, a compressor, a throttle unit and a heat radiator, and an air circulation path for the circulation of drying air from the drying chamber through the heat absorber and the heat radiator back to the drying chamber. In the air circulation path, an air discharge part is arranged between the drying chamber and the heat absorber, so that a part of the drying air flowing through the air circulation path from the drying chamber to the heat absorber is carried outside through the air discharge part. In the embodiment of the tumble dryer shown in Fig. 10, the temperature of the refrigerant is measured and controlled so as to remain within a predetermined range.

Der traditionell eingesetzte Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher - im Kreuzbetrieb oder im Gegenstrombetrieb betrieben - und die elektrische Heizung sind im Allgemeinen komplett durch eine Wärmepumpe ersetzt. Dadurch kann im Vergleich zu einem Trockner mit Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher und Widerstandsheizung eine Reduzierung des Energiebedarfs für einen Trocknungsprozess von 20 bis 50 % erreicht werden.The traditionally used air-to-air heat exchanger - operated in cross operation or in countercurrent mode - and the electric heater are generally completely replaced by a heat pump. As a result, compared to a dryer with air-to-air heat exchanger and resistance heating, a reduction of the energy requirement for a drying process of 20 to 50% can be achieved.

Eine Kompressor-Wärmepumpe arbeitet in der Regel optimal in bestimmten Temperaturbereichen im Verdampfer und im Verflüssiger. Problematisch bei der Anwendung einer Kompressor-Wärmepumpe im Kondensationstrockner ist die meist hohe Temperatur im Verflüssiger, die prozessbedingt dazu führen können, dass das Kältemittel nicht mehr oder nicht mehr vollständig verflüssigt werden kann; dann muss der Kompressor abgeschaltet werden und / oder eine erheblich verschlechterte Wirkung der Wärmepumpe in Kauf genommen werden. Dieses Problem ist noch größer, wenn der Kompressor durch eine Zusatzheizung im Prozessluftkreis unterstützt wird, um eine schnellere Aufheizung der Prozessluft und damit kürzere Trocknungszeiten zu erreichen. Überdies kann es aufgrund einer Verunreinigung der Luftwege zu einer Behinderung der zirkulierenden Prozessluft kommen. Dies kann ebenfalls zu einer Steigerung der Temperatur des Kältemittels führen. Derartige Betriebszustände können zu einer Schädigung der Wärmepumpe oder sonstiger Teile des Trockners führen und sind daher unzulässig.A compressor heat pump usually works optimally in certain temperature ranges in the evaporator and in the condenser. The problem with the use of a compressor heat pump in the condensation dryer is usually the high temperature in the condenser, which can lead to process-related that the refrigerant can no longer or not completely liquefied; then the compressor must be switched off and / or a significantly deteriorated effect of the heat pump can be accepted. This problem is even greater if the compressor is supported by additional heating in the process air circuit in order to achieve faster heating of the process air and thus shorter drying times. Moreover, contamination of the airways may interfere with the circulating process air. This can also lead to an increase in the temperature of the refrigerant. Such operating conditions can lead to damage to the heat pump or other parts of the dryer and are therefore inadmissible.

In einem herkömmlichen Trockner wird ein unzulässiger Betriebszustand, beispielsweise eine verringerte Zirkulation der Prozessluft (Luftleistungsreduzierung), dadurch ermittelt, dass eine Temperatur im Prozessluftstrom oberhalb einer Heizung für die Prozessluft und vor der Trocknungskammer in regelmäßigen Abständen erfasst wird und jeweils aus zwei aufeinander folgend erfassten Werten ein Differenzwert gebildet wird, der einem zeitlichen Gradienten entspricht. Diese Information muss bei einem Trockner, der mit einer Wärmepumpe ausgestattet ist (Wärmepumpentrockner), im Allgemeinen in dieser Form nicht zur Verfügung stehen. Beispielsweise ist in einem Wärmepumpentrockner häufig die Wärmepumpe weiter von der Trocknungskammer entfernt als die Heizung in einem herkömmlichen Kondensationstrockner. Jedenfalls ist die Erkennung eines unzulässigen Betriebszustands in einem Kondensationstrockner, der mit einer Wärmepumpe ausgestattet ist, auf diese Weise nur ungenau möglich.In a conventional dryer, an impermissible operating state, for example a reduced circulation of the process air (air power reduction), is determined by detecting a temperature in the process air stream above a heater for the process air and in front of the drying chamber at regular intervals and in each case from two consecutively detected values a difference value is formed, which corresponds to a temporal gradient. This information generally need not be available in this form for a dryer equipped with a heat pump (heat pump dryer). For example, in a heat pump dryer, the heat pump is often farther from the drying chamber than the heater in a conventional condensation dryer. In any case, the detection of an impermissible operating state in a condensation dryer, which is equipped with a heat pump, in this way only inaccurately possible.

Aufgabe der Erfindung war daher die Bereitstellung eines Kondensationstrockners mit einer Wärmepumpe sowie eines Verfahrens zu seinem Betrieb, bei dem auf einfache Weise ein unzulässiger Betriebszustand erkannt werden kann.The object of the invention was therefore to provide a condensation dryer with a heat pump and a method for its operation, in which an inadmissible operating state can be detected in a simple manner.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird nach dieser Erfindung erreicht durch einen Kondensationstrockner mit den Merkmalen des entsprechenden unabhängigen Patentanspruchs sowie das Verfahren des entsprechenden unabhängigen Patentanspruchs. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Kondensationstrockners sowie des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in entsprechenden abhängigen Patentansprüchen aufgeführt. Bevorzugten Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Kondensationstrockners entsprechen bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und umgekehrt, selbst wenn dies hierin nicht explizit erwähnt wird.The solution of this object is achieved according to this invention by a condensation dryer with the features of the corresponding independent claim and the method of the corresponding independent claim. Preferred embodiments of the condensation dryer according to the invention and of the method according to the invention are listed in corresponding dependent claims. Preferred embodiments of the condensation dryer according to the invention correspond to preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention and vice versa, even if not explicitly mentioned herein.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist somit ein Kondensationstrockner mit einer Trocknungskammer für die zu trocknenden Gegenstände, einem Prozessluftkreis, einem ersten Gebläse im Prozessluftkreis, einer Wärmepumpe, in der ein Kältemittel zirkuliert, mit einem Verdampfer, einem Kompressor, einem Verflüssiger und einer Drossel, sowie einem Temperaturfühler zum Messen einer Temperatur des Kältemittels, und einer Steuerung, wobei der Kondensationstrockner erste Mittel zur Bestimmung einer Temperaturdifferenz ΔT = (TK 1 - TK 2) zwischen einer ersten Temperatur TK 1 des Kältemittels und einer nach einem Zeitraum Δt1 gemessenen zweiten Temperatur TK 2 des Kältemittels und zum Vergleich von ΔT mit einer in der Steuerung gespeicherten Grenztemperaturdifferenz ΔTK lim; eine Zählvorrichtung zur Ermittlung einer Anzahl n an Fällen, in denen ΔT größer oder gleich ΔTK lim ist, und zweite Mittel zum Vergleich der Anzahl n mit einer in der Steuerung gespeicherten vorgegebenen Grenzanzahl nlim und zur Auswertung der Differenz Δn = (n - nlim) in Hinblick auf das Vorhandensein eines unzulässigen Betriebszustands umfasst.The invention thus relates to a condensation dryer with a drying chamber for the objects to be dried, a process air circuit, a first fan in the process air circuit, a heat pump in which a refrigerant circulates, with an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and a throttle, and a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of the refrigerant, and a controller, wherein the condensation dryer first means for determining a temperature difference .DELTA.T = (T K 1 - T K 2 ) between a first temperature T K 1 of the refrigerant and a measured after a period .DELTA.t 1 second temperature T K 2 of the refrigerant and for comparison of ΔT with a stored in the control limit temperature difference .DELTA.T K lim ; a counting device for determining a number n of cases in which ΔT is greater than or equal to ΔT K lim , and second means for comparing the number n with a preset limit number n lim stored in the controller and for evaluating the difference Δn = (n-n lim ) in view of the presence of an impermissible operating state.

Der hierin verwendete Begriff "unzulässiger Betriebszustand" ist breit auszulegen. Hiermit ist jeder Betriebszustand gemeint, der zu einer Beeinträchtigung eines Trocknungsprozesses und/oder zu einer Schädigung des Kondensationstrockners führen kann.As used herein, the term "improper operating condition" is to be construed broadly. This means any operating condition that can lead to impairment of a drying process and / or damage to the condensation dryer.

Beim Betrieb eines Kondensationstrockners kann es vorkommen, dass eine Temperaturdifferenz ΔT zufällig die Grenztemperaturdfferenz Δ TK lim überschreitet, d.h. ohne dass dies durch einen unzulässigen Betriebszustand des Trockners bedingt wäre. Erfindungsgemäß ist es daher von Vorteil, den Einfluss solcher Vorgänge auf die Ermittlung eines unzulässigen Betriebszustands auszuschließen.When operating a condensation dryer, it may happen that a temperature difference .DELTA.T happens to exceed the limit temperature .DELTA.T K lim , ie without this being due to an inadmissible operating state of the dryer. According to the invention, it is therefore advantageous to exclude the influence of such processes on the determination of an impermissible operating state.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung setzt das zweite Mittel daher die von der Zählvorrichtung ermittelte Anzahl n auf Null zurück, wenn die Bedingung Δn ≥ 0 0 nicht innerhalb eines in der Steuerung vorgegebenen Zeitraums Δt2 erfüllt ist.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, therefore, the second means returns the number n determined by the counting device to zero when the condition Δn ≥ 0 0 is not met within a predetermined period Δt 2 in the control.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform dieses Kondensationstrockners befindet sich der Temperaturfühler am Ausgang des Verflüssigers oder am Ausgang des Kompressors.In a preferred embodiment of this condensation dryer, the temperature sensor is located at the outlet of the condenser or at the outlet of the compressor.

Es ist überdies bevorzugt, wenn im erfindungsgemäßen Kondensationstrockner in der Wärmepumpe ein zusätzlicher Wärmetauscher angeordnet ist. Hierbei ist in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der zusätzliche Wärmetauscher in einem Prozessluftkanal zwischen dem Verdampfer und dem Verflüssiger angeordnet. In einer alternativen bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der zusätzliche Wärmetauscher in einem Kühlluftkanal angeordnet. Vorzugsweise ist in diesem Kühlluftkanal ein Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher angeordnet.It is also preferred if an additional heat exchanger is arranged in the heat pump in the condensation dryer according to the invention. Here, in a preferred embodiment, the additional heat exchanger is arranged in a process air channel between the evaporator and the condenser. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the additional heat exchanger is arranged in a cooling air duct. Preferably, an air-air heat exchanger is arranged in this cooling air duct.

Überdies umfasst der erfindungsgemäße Kondensationstrockner vorzugsweise ein zweites Gebläse zur Kühlung des Wärmepumpenkreises. Das zweite Gebläse ist vorzugsweise in einem Kühlluftkanal und/oder der Umgebung des Kompressors angeordnet.Moreover, the condensation dryer according to the invention preferably comprises a second fan for cooling the heat pump cycle. The second blower is preferably arranged in a cooling air duct and / or the surroundings of the compressor.

Der erfindungsgemäße Kondensationstrockner weist vorzugsweise ein akustisches und/oder optisches Anzeigemittel zur Anzeige eines unzulässigen Betriebszustands auf. Ein optisches Anzeigemittel kann beispielsweise ein Flüssigkristalldisplay sein, auf dem bestimmte Aufforderungen oder Hinweise angegeben sind. Es können zudem oder alternativ Leuchtdioden in einer oder mehreren Farben aufleuchten. Die Art der Anzeige eines unzulässigen Betriebszustandes kann von der Art des unzulässigen Betriebszustands abhängig sein.The condensation dryer according to the invention preferably has an acoustic and / or visual display means for indicating an impermissible operating state. An optical display means may be, for example, a liquid crystal display on which certain prompts or hints are given. It may also or alternatively light LEDs in one or more colors light up. The type of display of an impermissible operating state may depend on the type of impermissible operating state.

Bei einem im Allgemeinen weniger kritischen ersten unzulässigen Betriebszustand könnte beispielsweise auf einem Flüssigkristalldisplay eine Aufforderung, die Luftwege im Kondensationstrockner zu reinigen, angegeben sein. Alternativ oder in Ergänzung hierzu könnte eine Leuchtdiode, beispielsweise in der Farbe "orange", aufleuchten.In a generally less critical first impermissible operating state, for example, a request to clean the air passages in the condensation dryer could be indicated on a liquid crystal display. Alternatively or in addition to this could light up a light-emitting diode, for example in the color "orange".

Bei einem zweiten unzulässigen Betriebszustand, der in der Regel kritisch ist, könnte beispielsweise auf einem Flüssigkristalldisplay ein Hinweis, dass der Trocknungsprozess unterbrochen wurde, der Kältemittelkreislauf überprüft und/oder ein Servicetechniker einzuschalten ist, angegeben sein. Alternativ oder in Ergänzung hierzu könnte eine Leuchtdiode, beispielsweise in der Farbe "rot", aufleuchten.In a second impermissible operating state, which is generally critical, for example, an indication that the drying process has been interrupted, the refrigerant circuit checked and / or a service technician to turn on, could be indicated on a liquid crystal display. Alternatively or in addition to this could light up a light-emitting diode, for example in the color "red".

Die Anzeige könnte auch über eine akustische Anzeige erfolgen, wobei unterschiedliche unzulässige Betriebszustände durch unterschiedliche Piepstöne angezeigt werden könnten.The display could also be made via an acoustic display, with different impermissible operating states could be displayed by different beeps.

Die Erwärmung der Prozessluft kann ausschließlich über den Verflüssiger der Wärmepumpe stattfinden. Es kann allerdings zusätzlich auch eine elektrische Heizung verwendet werden.The heating of the process air can only take place via the condenser of the heat pump. However, it can also be used in addition to an electric heater.

Wenn im erfindungsgemäßen Kondensationstrockner neben der Wärmepumpe eine weitere Heizung eingesetzt wird, ist diese vorzugsweise eine Zweistufen-Heizung. Die Steuerung dieser Heizung wird in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ebenfalls zur Regelung der Temperatur des Kältemittels herangezogen.If, in addition to the heat pump, a further heater is used in the condensation dryer according to the invention, this is preferably a two-stage heater. The control of this heater is also used in a preferred embodiment of the invention for controlling the temperature of the refrigerant.

Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kondensationstrockners mit einer Trocknungskammer für die zu trocknenden Gegenstände, einem Prozessluftkreis, einem ersten Gebläse im Prozessluftkreis, einer Wärmepumpe, in der ein Kältemittel zirkuliert, mit einem Verdampfer, einem Kompressor, einem Verflüssiger und einer Drossel, sowie einem Temperaturfühler zum Messen einer Temperatur des Kältemittels, einer Steuerung, wobei der Kondensationstrockner erste Mittel zur Bestimmung einer Temperaturdifferenz ΔT = (TK 1 - TK 2) zwischen einer ersten Temperatur TK 1 des Kältemittels und einer nach einem Zeitraum Δt1 gemessenen zweiten Temperatur TK 2 für das Kältemittel und zum Vergleich von ΔT mit einer in der Steuerung gespeicherten Grenztemperaturdifferenz ΔTK lim; eine Zählvorrichtung zur Ermittlung einer Anzahl n an Fällen, in denen ΔT größer oder gleich ΔTK lim ist, und zweite Mittel zum Vergleich der Anzahl n mit einer in der Steuerung gespeicherten vorgegebenen Grenzanzahl nlim und zur Auswertung der Differenz Δn = (n - nlim) in Hinblick auf das Vorhandensein eines unzulässigen Betriebszustands umfasst, wobei das Verfahren die Schritte umfasst:

  1. (a) Bestimmung einer Temperaturdifferenz ΔT = (TK 1 - TK 2) zwischen einer ersten Temperatur TK 1 des Kältemittels und einer nach einem Zeitraum Δt1 gemessenen zweiten Temperatur TK 2 für das Kältemittel unter Verwendung des Temperaturfühlers;
  2. (b) Vergleich von ΔT mit einer in der Steuerung gespeicherten Grenztemperaturdifferenz ΔTK lim ;
  3. (c) Heraufsetzen der Anzahl n in der Zählvorrichtung um den Wert "1" für jeden Fall, dass ΔT größer oder gleich ΔTK lim ist;
  4. (d) Vergleich der Anzahl n mit einer in der Steuerung gespeicherten vorgegebenen Grenzanzahl nlim; und
  5. (e) Auswertung der Differenz Δn = (n - nlim) in Hinblick auf das Vorhandensein eines unzulässigen Betriebszustands.
The invention also relates to a method of operating a condensation dryer with a drying chamber for the objects to be dried, a process air circuit, a first fan in the process air circuit, a heat pump in which a refrigerant circulates, with an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and a throttle, and a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of the refrigerant, a controller, wherein the condensation dryer first means for determining a temperature difference .DELTA.T = (T K 1 - T K 2 ) between a first temperature T K 1 of the refrigerant and measured after a period .DELTA.t 1 second temperature T K 2 for the refrigerant and for comparison of ΔT with a limit temperature difference ΔT K lim stored in the controller; a counting device for determining a Number n of cases in which ΔT is greater than or equal to ΔT K lim , and second means for comparing the number n with a preset limit number n lim stored in the controller and for evaluating the difference Δn = (n -n lim ) with respect to the presence of an improper operating condition, the method comprising the steps of:
  1. (A) determining a temperature difference .DELTA.T = (T K 1 - T K 2 ) between a first temperature T K 1 of the refrigerant and a measured after a period .DELTA.t 1 second temperature T K 2 for the refrigerant using the temperature sensor;
  2. (b) comparison of ΔT with a limit temperature difference ΔT K lim stored in the control;
  3. (c) increasing the number n in the counter by the value "1" for each case that ΔT is greater than or equal to ΔT K lim ;
  4. (d) comparing the number n with a preset limit number n lim stored in the controller; and
  5. (e) Evaluation of the difference Δn = (n -n lim ) in view of the presence of an impermissible operating state.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform dieses Verfahrens wird für den Fall Δn größer oder gleich n1, wobei n1 ein in der Steuerung gespeicherter vorgegebener Wert ist, ein erster unzulässiger Betriebszustand angezeigt. Hierbei ist es bevorzugt, dass die Anzeige eines ersten unzulässigen Betriebszustands die Aufforderung, die Luftwege im Kondensationstrockner zu reinigen, umfasst.In a preferred embodiment of this method, for the case Δn greater than or equal to n 1 , where n 1 is a predetermined value stored in the controller, a first inadmissible operating state is indicated. In this case, it is preferred that the display of a first impermissible operating state comprises the request to clean the air passages in the condensation dryer.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird für den Fall Δn größer oder gleich n2, wobei n2 ein in der Steuerung gespeicherter vorgegebener Wert ist, ein zweiter unzulässiger Betriebszustand angezeigt. Hierbei ist es bevorzugt, dass neben der Anzeige eines zweiten unzulässigen Betriebszustands ein stattfindender Trocknungsprozess unterbrochen wird.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a second impermissible operating state is indicated for the case Δn greater than or equal to n 2 , where n 2 is a predetermined value stored in the control. In this case, it is preferable that in addition to the display of a second impermissible operating state, an ongoing drying process is interrupted.

Im Allgemeinen gilt: n2 ist größer als n1.In general, n 2 is greater than n 1 .

Zur Regulierung der Temperatur des Kältemittels der Wärmepumpe kann eine Kühlvorrichtung für die Wärmepumpe verwendet werden, die vorzugsweise ein zweites Gebläse umfasst. Das zweite Gebläse kann direkt zu einer Abkühlung von Komponenten der Wärmepumpe verwendet werden, insbesondere des Kompressors. Vorzugsweise sind jedoch das zweite Gebläse und ein zusätzlicher Wärmetauscher in einem Kühlluftkanal angeordnet, wobei sich der zusätzliche Wärmetauscher in der Wärmepumpe befindet. Im Kühlluftkanal kann sich noch ein weiterer Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher befinden. Vorzugsweise ist der ggf. vorhandene Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher abnehmbar. Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft, da ein abnehmbarer Wärmetauscher leichter von Flusen gereinigt werden kann.To regulate the temperature of the refrigerant of the heat pump, a cooling device for the heat pump can be used, which is preferably a second Blower includes. The second blower can be used directly for cooling components of the heat pump, in particular the compressor. Preferably, however, the second fan and an additional heat exchanger are arranged in a cooling air passage, wherein the additional heat exchanger is located in the heat pump. In the cooling air duct may still be another air-to-air heat exchanger. Preferably, the possibly present air-air heat exchanger is removable. This is particularly advantageous because a removable heat exchanger can be cleaned more easily from lint.

Erfindungsgemäß ist es bevorzugt, wenn Prozessluft und Kühlluft bzw. Prozessluft und Kältemittel in der Wärmepumpe jeweils in einem Kreuz- bzw. Gegenstromverfahren durch die entsprechenden Wärmetauscher geführt werden.According to the invention, it is preferred if process air and cooling air or process air and refrigerant in the heat pump are each passed through the corresponding heat exchangers in a crossflow or countercurrent process.

Das im Wärmepumpenkreis verwendete Kältemittel ist vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, die Propan, Kohlendioxid und fluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen besteht. Insbesondere kommen die bekannten Kältemittel R134a, R152a, R407C und R410A in Betracht.The refrigerant used in the heat pump cycle is preferably selected from the group consisting of propane, carbon dioxide and fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds. In particular, the known refrigerants R134a, R152a, R407C and R410A come into consideration.

Die Wärmepumpe im erfindungsgemäßen Kondensationstrockner weist neben Verdampfer, Verflüssiger und Kompressor in Fließrichtung des Kältemittels zwischen dem Verflüssiger und dem Verdampfer eine Drossel auf; diese kann insbesondere ein Entspannungsventil (auch als Drosselventil bezeichnet), eine Kapillare oder eine Blende sein.The heat pump in the condensation dryer according to the invention, in addition to evaporator, condenser and compressor in the flow direction of the refrigerant between the condenser and the evaporator on a throttle; this can in particular be an expansion valve (also referred to as throttle valve), a capillary or a diaphragm.

Das in der Wärmepumpe eingesetzte Kältemittel zirkuliert vorzugsweise mit einer turbulenten Strömung. Eine turbulente Strömung kann durch eine geeignete konstruktive Ausgestaltung eines Strömungskanals und/oder durch geeignete Antriebsmittel (z.B. Kompressor) eingestellt werden.The refrigerant used in the heat pump preferably circulates with a turbulent flow. A turbulent flow may be adjusted by a suitable structural design of a flow channel and / or by suitable drive means (e.g., compressor).

Die Temperatur des Kältemittels der Wärmepumpe, insbesondere im Verflüssiger, wird erfindungsgemäß im Allgemeinen über die Steuerung der Wärmepumpe und ggf. einem zusätzlichem Wärmetauscher im zulässigen Bereich gehalten. Wenn sich beim erfindungsgemäßen Kondensationstrockner im Prozessluftkreis vor dem Eintritt in die Trocknungskammer eine zusätzliche Heizung befindet, wird vorzugsweise die Steuerung der Wärmepumpe in Abstimmung mit der Steuerung der Heizung durchgeführt.The temperature of the refrigerant of the heat pump, in particular in the condenser, is generally kept within the permissible range via the control of the heat pump and possibly an additional heat exchanger. When the condensation dryer according to the invention in the process air circuit before entering the Drying chamber is located an additional heater, the control of the heat pump is preferably carried out in coordination with the control of the heating.

Da mit fortschreitendem Trocknungsgrad der im Kondensationstrockner zu trocknenden Gegenstände die notwendige Energie für das Trocknen abnimmt, ist es zweckmäßig, die Heizung entsprechend zu regeln, d.h. mit fortschreitendem Trocknungsgrad deren Heizleistung zu vermindern, um ein Gleichgewicht zwischen der zugeführten und der notwendigen Trocknungsenergie aufrecht zu erhalten.As the degree of drying of the objects to be dried in the condenser dryer decreases the energy required for drying, it is appropriate to regulate the heating accordingly, that is. As the degree of dryness progresses, their heating power is reduced to maintain a balance between the supplied and necessary drying energy.

Mit zunehmendem Trocknungsgrad der zu trocknenden Gegenstände, insbesondere Wäsche, wird somit eine geringere Heizleistung oder sogar eine zunehmende Kühlleistung der Wärmepumpe erforderlich. Insbesondere würde nach einer abgeschlossenen Trocknungsphase die Temperatur im Prozessluftkreis stark ansteigen. Im Allgemeinen wird daher die Wärmepumpe und ggf. eine zusätzliche Heizung im Kondensationstrockner so geregelt, dass in der Trocknungskammer eine maximal zulässige Temperatur nicht überschritten wird.With increasing degree of drying of the objects to be dried, in particular laundry, thus a lower heating power or even an increasing cooling capacity of the heat pump is required. In particular, after a completed drying phase, the temperature in the process air circuit would rise sharply. In general, therefore, the heat pump and possibly an additional heater in the condensation dryer is controlled so that a maximum allowable temperature is not exceeded in the drying chamber.

Die Erfindung hat den Vorteil, dass der Betrieb eines Kondensationstrockners auf einfache und wirkungsvolle Weise überwacht werden kann. Unzulässige Betriebszustände können sicher angezeigt werden, so dass geeignete Gegenmaßnahmen ergriffen werden können. Die Wärmepumpe und insbesondere deren Verflüssiger können in einem optimalen Temperaturbereich arbeiten. Dies ermöglicht den Betrieb des Kondensationstrockners mit einer besonders günstigen Energiebilanz. Außerdem wird die Wärmepumpe geschont.The invention has the advantage that the operation of a condensation dryer can be monitored in a simple and effective manner. Impermissible operating states can be displayed safely, so that suitable countermeasures can be taken. The heat pump and in particular its condenser can operate in an optimum temperature range. This allows the operation of the condensation dryer with a particularly favorable energy balance. In addition, the heat pump is spared.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von nicht einschränkenden Ausführungsbeispielen für den erfindungsgemäßen Kondensationstrockner und ein diesen Kondensationstrockner einsetzendes Verfahren. Dabei wird Bezug genommen auf die Figuren 1 bis 5.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt einen vertikalen Schnitt durch einen Kondensationstrockner gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform;
  • Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Prozessluftkreises und der Wärmepumpe für die in Fig. 1 gezeigte erste Ausführungsform;
  • Fig. 3 zeigt einen vertikalen Schnitt durch einen Kondensationstrockner gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform, bei der eine zusätzliche Heizung und ein zusätzlicher Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher verwendet werden;
  • Fig. 4 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Prozessluftkreises und der Wärmepumpe für die in Fig. 3 gezeigte zweite Ausführungsform;
  • Fig. 5 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Prozessluftkreises und der Wärmepumpe für eine dritte Ausführungsform.
Further details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of non-limiting embodiments of the condensation dryer according to the invention and a method using this condensation dryer. Reference is made to the FIGS. 1 to 5 ,
  • Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a condensation dryer according to a first embodiment;
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the process air circuit and the heat pump for in Fig. 1 shown first embodiment;
  • Fig. 3 shows a vertical section through a condensation dryer according to a second embodiment, in which an additional heater and an additional air-to-air heat exchanger are used;
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of the process air circuit and the heat pump for in Fig. 3 shown second embodiment;
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of the process air circuit and the heat pump for a third embodiment.

Figur 1 zeigt einen senkrecht geschnittenen Kondensationstrockner (im Folgenden mit "Trockner" abgekürzt) gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform, bei der die Heizung der Prozessluft ausschließlich über den Verflüssiger der Wärmepumpe erfolgt. FIG. 1 shows a vertically cut condensation dryer (hereinafter abbreviated to "dryer") according to a first embodiment, in which the heating of the process air takes place exclusively via the condenser of the heat pump.

Der in Figur 1 dargestellte Trockner 1 weist eine um eine horizontale Achse drehbare Trommel als Trocknungskammer 3 auf, innerhalb welcher Mitnehmer 4 zur Bewegung von Wäsche während einer Trommeldrehung befestigt sind. Prozessluft wird mittels eines ersten Gebläses 19 durch eine Trommel 3 sowie eine Wärmepumpe 13,14,15,17 in einem Luftkanal 2 im geschlossenen Kreis geführt (Prozessluftkreis 2). Die in einem Verflüssiger 15 der Wärmepumpe 13,14,15 erwärmte Prozessluft wird nach Durchgang durch die Trommel 3 und Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme abgekühlt und nach Kondensation der in der Prozessluft enthaltenen Feuchtigkeit wieder durch den Verflüssiger 15 erwärmt. Dabei wird erwärmte Luft von hinten, d.h. von der einer Tür 5 gegenüberliegenden Seite der Trommel 3, durch deren gelochten Boden in die Trommel 3 geleitet, kommt dort mit der zu trocknenden Wäsche in Berührung und strömt durch die Befüllöffnung der Trommel 3 zu einem Flusensieb 6 innerhalb einer die Befüllöffnung verschließenden Tür 5. Anschließend wird der Luftstrom in der Tür 5 nach unten umgelenkt und im Luftkanal 2 zum Verdampfer 13 der Wärmepumpe 13,14,15,17 geführt, wo sie abgekühlt wird. Das sich dabei abscheidende Kondensat wird in einem Kondensat-Behälter 29 aufgefangen, von wo aus es durch Entleeren oder Abpumpen entsorgt werden kann. Das im Verdampfer 13 verdampfte Kältemittel der Wärmepumpe 13,14,15,17 wird über einen Kompressor 14 zum Verflüssiger 15 geleitet. Im Verflüssiger 15 verflüssigt sich das Kältemittel unter Wärmeabgabe an die Prozessluft. Das nun in flüssiger Form vorliegende Kältemittel wird anschließend zu einem zusätzlichen Wärmetauscher 16 geführt, der sich zusammen mit einem zweiten Gebläse 20 in einem Kühlluftkanal 12 befindet, und von dort über ein Drosselventil 17 wiederum zum Verdampfer 13, wodurch der Kältemittelkreis geschlossen ist. Die Kühlluft wird der Raumluft entnommen und nach dem Wärmetausch wieder der Raumluft zugeführt.The in FIG. 1 shown dryer 1 has a drum rotatable about a horizontal axis as a drying chamber 3, are mounted within which driver 4 for moving laundry during a drum rotation. Process air is conducted by means of a first blower 19 through a drum 3 and a heat pump 13, 14, 15, 17 in an air duct 2 in a closed circuit (process air circuit 2). The heated in a condenser 15 of the heat pump 13,14,15 process air is cooled after passing through the drum 3 and moisture absorption and heated again by the condenser 15 after condensation of the moisture contained in the process air. In this case, heated air from behind, ie from the door 5 opposite side of the drum 3, passed through the perforated bottom in the drum 3, comes there with the laundry to be dried in contact and flows through the filling opening of the drum 3 to a lint filter. 6 inside a door closing the filling opening 5. Subsequently, the air flow is deflected in the door 5 down and guided in the air duct 2 to the evaporator 13 of the heat pump 13,14,15,17, where it is cooled. The thereby separating condensate is collected in a condensate tank 29, from where it can be disposed of by emptying or pumping. The vaporized in the evaporator 13 refrigerant of the heat pump 13,14,15,17 is connected via a Compressor 14 passed to the condenser 15. In condenser 15, the refrigerant liquefies with heat being released to the process air. The now present in liquid form refrigerant is then passed to an additional heat exchanger 16, which is located together with a second fan 20 in a cooling air duct 12, and from there via a throttle valve 17 in turn to the evaporator 13, whereby the refrigerant circuit is closed. The cooling air is taken from the room air and returned to the room air after heat exchange.

Die Trommel 3 wird in der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform am hinteren Boden mittels eines Drehlagers und vorne mittels eines Lagerschildes 7 gelagert, wobei die Trommel 3 mit einer Krempe auf einem Gleitstreifen 8 am Lagerschild 7 aufliegt und so am vorderen Ende gehalten wird. Die Steuerung des Kondensationstrockners erfolgt über eine Steuerung 10, die vom Benutzer über eine Bedieneinheit 9 geregelt werden kann.The drum 3 is in the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment at the rear bottom by means of a pivot bearing and front mounted by means of a bearing plate 7, wherein the drum 3 rests with a brim on a sliding strip 8 on the bearing plate 7 and is held at the front end. The control of the condensation dryer via a controller 10, which can be controlled by the user via an operating unit 9.

Neben der Steuerung 10 oder integriert in die Steuerung 10 umfasst der Kondensationstrockner 1 erste Mittel 26 zur Bestimmung einer Temperaturdifferenz ΔT = (TK 1 - TK 2) zwischen einer ersten Temperatur TK 1 des Kältemittels und einer nach einem Zeitraum Δt1 gemessenen zweiten Temperatur TK 2 des Kältemittels und zum Vergleich von ΔT mit einer in der Steuerung 10 gespeicherten Grenztemperaturdifferenz ΔTK lim; eine Zählvorrichtung 27 zur Ermittlung einer Anzahl n an Fällen, in denen ΔT größer oder gleich ATK lim ist, und zweite Mittel 28 zum Vergleich der Anzahl n mit einer in der Steuerung 10 gespeicherten vorgegebenen Grenzanzahl nlim und zur Auswertung der Differenz, gebildet als Δn = (n - nlim) in Hinblick auf das Vorhandensein eines unzulässigen Betriebszustands.In addition to the controller 10 or integrated into the controller 10, the condensation dryer 1 comprises first means 26 for determining a temperature difference ΔT = (T K 1 -T K 2 ) between a first temperature T K 1 of the refrigerant and a second measured after a period .DELTA.t 1 second Temperature T K 2 of the refrigerant and for comparison of ΔT with a stored in the controller 10 limit temperature difference .DELTA.T K lim ; a counting device 27 for determining a number n of cases in which ΔT is greater than or equal to AT K lim , and second means 28 for comparing the number n with a predetermined limit number n lim stored in the controller 10 and for evaluating the difference formed as Δn = (n -n lim ) in view of the presence of an impermissible operating state.

23 bedeutet den Ausgang des Verflüssigers 15. 24 bedeutet den Ausgang des Kompressors 14. Bei der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist jeweils ein Temperaturfühler 22 an den Ausgängen 23 und 24 angeordnet. Jeder diese Temperaturfühler 22 kann im Rahmen des obigen Überwachungsprozesses genutzt werden, auch ggf. beide Temperaturfühler 22 mit jeweils entsprechend zugeordneten Grenztemperaturdifferenzen gemeinsam.23 means the output of the condenser 15. 24 means the output of the compressor 14. At the in Fig. 1 In the embodiment shown, a temperature sensor 22 is arranged at the outputs 23 and 24. Each of these temperature sensor 22 can be used in the context of the above monitoring process, also possibly both temperature sensor 22 together with respectively corresponding limit temperature differences in common.

Ein optisches Anzeigemittel 25 dient zur Anzeige eines unzulässigen Betriebszustandes, wobei verschiedene Farben unterschiedliche unzulässige Betriebszustände anzeigen können.An optical display means 25 serves to indicate an impermissible operating state, wherein different colors can indicate different impermissible operating states.

Figur 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Prozessluftkreises und der Wärmepumpe 13, 14, 15, 17 für die in Fig. 1 gezeigte erste Ausführungsform des Kondensationstrockners. Während die Prozessluft im geschlossenen Prozessluftkreis 2 und das Kältemittel im geschlossenen Kreislauf in der Wärmepumpe 13,14,15,17 geführt wird, wird die mittels des zweiten Gebläses 20 zur Kühlung im zusätzlichen Wärmetauscher 16 verwendete Luft der Raumluft entnommen und nach Durchgang durch den zusätzlichen Wärmetauscher 16 wieder der Raumluft zugeführt. FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the process air circuit and the heat pump 13, 14, 15, 17 for in Fig. 1 shown first embodiment of the condensation dryer. While the process air in the closed process air circuit 2 and the refrigerant in the closed loop in the heat pump 13,14,15,17 is performed, the air used by the second blower 20 for cooling in the additional heat exchanger 16 of the room air is removed and after passing through the additional Heat exchanger 16 is returned to the room air.

Figur 3 zeigt einen senkrecht geschnittenen Kondensationstrockner (im Folgenden mit "Trockner" abgekürzt) gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform, bei der sich ein zusätzlicher Wärmetauscher sowohl in der Wärmepumpe als auch im Kühlluftkanal eines Luft-Luft-Wärmetauschers befindet. Außerdem wird bei der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform eine zusätzliche Heizung verwendet. FIG. 3 shows a vertically cut condensation dryer (hereinafter abbreviated to "dryer") according to a second embodiment, in which an additional heat exchanger is located both in the heat pump and in the cooling air duct of an air-to-air heat exchanger. In addition, at the in Fig. 3 shown embodiment uses an additional heater.

Der in Figur 3 dargestellte Trockner 1 weist eine um eine horizontale Achse drehbare Trommel als Trocknungskammer 3 auf, innerhalb welcher Mitnehmer 4 zur Bewegung von Wäsche während einer Trommeldrehung befestigt sind. Prozessluft wird mittels eines ersten Gebläses 19 über eine Heizung 18, durch eine Trommel 3, einen Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher 11,12 sowie eine Wärmepumpe 13,14,15,17 in einem Luftkanal 2 im geschlossenen Kreis geführt (Prozessluftkreis 2). Nach Durchgang durch die Trommel 3 wird die feuchte, warme Prozessluft abgekühlt und nach Kondensation der in der Prozessluft enthaltenen Feuchtigkeit wieder erwärmt. Dabei wird von der Heizung 18 bzw. dem Verflüssiger 15 erwärmte Luft von hinten, d.h. von der einer Tür 5 gegenüberliegenden Seite der Trommel 3, durch deren gelochten Boden in die Trommel 3 geleitet, kommt dort mit der zu trocknenden Wäsche in Berührung und strömt durch die Befüllöffnung der Trommel 3 zu einem Flusensieb 6 innerhalb einer die Befüllöffnung verschließenden Tür 5. Anschließend wird der Luftstrom in der Tür 5 nach unten umgelenkt und von dem Luftkanal 2 zum Luft-Luft- Wärmetauscher 11,12 geleitet. Dort kondensiert infolge Abkühlung die von der Prozessluft aus den Wäschestücken aufgenommene Feuchtigkeit zumindest teilweise und wird im Kondensat-Behälter 21 aufgefangen, von dem aus sie entsorgt werden kann. Anschließend wird die etwas abgekühlte Prozessluft zum Verdampfer 13 der Wärmepumpe 13,14,15,17 geführt, wo sie weiter abgekühlt wird, wobei das dort anfallende Kondensat im Kondensat-Behälter 29 aufgefangen wird, von dem aus es durch Entleeren oder Abpumpen entsorgt werden kann. Das im Verdampfer 13 verdampfte Kältemittel der Wärmepumpe 13,14,15,17 wird über einen Kompressor 14 zum Verflüssiger 15 geleitet. Im Verflüssiger 15 verflüssigt sich das Kältemittel unter Wärmeabgabe an die Prozessluft. Das nun in flüssiger Form vorliegende Kältemittel wird anschließend zu einem zusätzlichen Wärmetauscher 16 geführt, der sich im Kühlluftkanal 12 des Luft-Luft-Wärmetauschers 11,12 zwischen diesem und einem zweiten Gebläse 20 befindet, und von dort über ein Drosselventil 17 wiederum zum Verdampfer 13, wodurch der Kältemittelkreis geschlossen ist. Die Kühlluft wird der Raumluft entnommen und nach Durchgang durch den Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher 11,12 wieder der Raumluft zugeführt.The in FIG. 3 shown dryer 1 has a drum rotatable about a horizontal axis as a drying chamber 3, are mounted within which driver 4 for moving laundry during a drum rotation. Process air is conducted by means of a first blower 19 via a heater 18, by a drum 3, an air-air heat exchanger 11,12 and a heat pump 13,14,15,17 in an air channel 2 in a closed circuit (process air circuit 2). After passage through the drum 3, the moist, warm process air is cooled and reheated after condensation of moisture contained in the process air. In this case, from the heater 18 and the condenser 15 heated air from behind, ie passed from the door 5 opposite side of the drum 3, through the perforated bottom in the drum 3, comes there with the laundry to be dried in contact and flows through the filling opening of the drum 3 to a lint filter 6 within a closing the filling opening door 5. Subsequently, the air flow in the door 5 is deflected downward and directed from the air duct 2 to the air-air heat exchanger 11,12. There, as a result of cooling, the moisture absorbed by the process air from the items of laundry condenses at least partially and becomes in the condensate container 21 collected from which it can be disposed of. Subsequently, the somewhat cooled process air to the evaporator 13 of the heat pump 13,14,15,17 out, where it is further cooled, the condensate accumulating there is collected in the condensate tank 29, from which it can be disposed of by emptying or pumping , The vaporized in the evaporator 13 refrigerant of the heat pump 13,14,15,17 is passed through a compressor 14 to the condenser 15. In condenser 15, the refrigerant liquefies with heat being released to the process air. The present in liquid form refrigerant is then passed to an additional heat exchanger 16, which is located in the cooling air passage 12 of the air-to-air heat exchanger 11,12 between this and a second fan 20, and from there via a throttle valve 17 in turn to the evaporator thirteenth , whereby the refrigerant circuit is closed. The cooling air is taken from the room air and fed back to the room air after passage through the air-to-air heat exchanger 11,12.

Die Trommel 3 wird in der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform am hinteren Boden mittels eines Drehlagers und vorne mittels eines Lagerschildes 7 gelagert, wobei die Trommel 3 mit einer Krempe auf einem Gleitstreifen 8 am Lagerschild 7 aufliegt und so am vorderen Ende gehalten wird. Die Steuerung des Kondensationstrockners erfolgt über eine Steuerung 10, die vom Benutzer über eine Bedieneinheit 9 geregelt werden kann.The drum 3 is in the in Fig. 3 shown embodiment at the rear bottom by means of a pivot bearing and front mounted by means of a bearing plate 7, wherein the drum 3 rests with a brim on a sliding strip 8 on the bearing plate 7 and is held at the front end. The control of the condensation dryer via a controller 10, which can be controlled by the user via an operating unit 9.

Neben der Steuerung 10 oder integriert in die Steuerung 10 umfasst der Kondensationstrockner 1 erste Mittel 26 zur Bestimmung einer Temperaturdifferenz ΔT = (TK 1 - TK 2) zwischen einer ersten Temperatur TK 1 des Kältemittels und einer nach einem Zeitraum Δt1 gemessenen zweiten Temperatur TK 2 des Kältemittels und zum Vergleich von ΔT mit einer in der Steuerung 10 gespeicherten Grenztemperaturdifferenz ΔTK lim; eine Zählvorrichtung 27 zur Ermittlung einer Anzahl n an Fällen, in denen ΔT ≥ ΔTK lim ist, und zweite Mittel 28 zum Vergleich der Anzahl n mit einer in der Steuerung 10 gespeicherten vorgegebenen Grenzanzahl nlim und zur Auswertung der Differenz Δn = (n - nlim) in Hinblick auf das Vorhandensein eines unzulässigen Betriebszustands.In addition to the controller 10 or integrated into the controller 10, the condensation dryer 1 comprises first means 26 for determining a temperature difference ΔT = (T K 1 -T K 2 ) between a first temperature T K 1 of the refrigerant and a second measured after a period .DELTA.t 1 second Temperature T K 2 of the refrigerant and for comparison of ΔT with a stored in the controller 10 limit temperature difference .DELTA.T K lim ; a counting device 27 for determining a number n of cases in which ΔT ≥ ΔT K lim , and second means 28 for comparing the number n with a preset limit number n lim stored in the controller 10 and for evaluating the difference Δn = (n - n lim ) in view of the presence of an impermissible operating state.

23 bedeutet den Ausgang des Verflüssigers 15. 24 bedeutet den Ausgang des Kompressors 14. Bei der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist jeweils ein Temperaturfühler 22 an den Ausgängen 23 und 24 angeordnet. Ein optisches Anzeigemittel 25 dient zur Anzeige eines unzulässigen Betriebszustandes.23 means the output of the condenser 15. 24 means the output of the compressor 14. At the in Fig. 3 In the embodiment shown, a temperature sensor 22 is arranged at the outputs 23 and 24. An optical display means 25 serves to indicate an impermissible operating state.

Figur 4 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Prozessluftkreises und des Wärmepumpenkreises für die in Fig. 3 gezeigte zweite Ausführungsform. Während die Prozessluft im geschlossenen Prozessluftkreis 2 und das Kältemittel im geschlossenen Kreislauf der Wärmepumpe 13,14,15,17 geführt wird, wird die zur Kühlung im Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher 11,12 verwendete Luft der Raumluft entnommen, über das zweite Gebläse 20 nach Durchgang durch den zusätzlichen Wärmetauscher 16 zum Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher 11,12 geleitet und anschließend wieder der Raumluft zugeführt. FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the process air circuit and the heat pump circuit for in Fig. 3 shown second embodiment. While the process air in the closed process air circuit 2 and the refrigerant is conducted in the closed circuit of the heat pump 13,14,15,17, the air used for cooling in the air-air heat exchanger 11,12 of the room air is removed, via the second fan 20 after Passed passage through the additional heat exchanger 16 to the air-to-air heat exchanger 11,12 and then fed back to the room air.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Prozessluftkreises und des Wärmepumpenkreises für eine dritte Ausführungsform des Kondensationstrockners. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist der zusätzliche Wärmetauscher 16 im Kühlluftkanal 12 auf der dem Luft-Luft-Wärmetauscher 11,12 abgewandten Seite des zweiten Gebläses 20 angeordnet. Der Wärmetauscher 16 befindet sich somit im Ansaugbereich der Kühlluft. Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of the process air circuit and the heat pump circuit for a third embodiment of the condensation dryer. In this embodiment, the additional heat exchanger 16 is arranged in the cooling air channel 12 on the side facing away from the air-to-air heat exchanger 11,12 side of the second blower 20. The heat exchanger 16 is thus in the intake of the cooling air.

Claims (13)

  1. Condensation drier (1) with a drying chamber (3) for the articles to be dried, a process air circuit (2), a first fan (19) in the process air circuit (2), a heat pump (13, 14, 15, 17) in which a refrigerant circulates, with an evaporator (13), a compressor (14), a condenser (15) and a choke (17), as well as a temperature sensor (22) for measuring a temperature of the refrigerant, and a control (10), characterised in that the condensation dryer (1) comprises first means (26) for determination of a temperature difference ΔT = (TK 1 - TK 2) between a first temperature TK 1 of the refrigerant and a second temperature TK 2, which is measured after a time interval Δt1, of the refrigerant and for comparison of the temperature difference ΔT with a limit temperature difference ΔTK lim stored in the control (10), a counting device (27) for determination of a number n of cases in which ΔT is greater than or equal to ΔTK lim, and second means (28) for comparison of the number n with a predetermined limit number nlim stored in the control (10) and for evaluation of the difference Δn = (n - nlim) with respect to the presence of an impermissible operating state, wherein a first impermissible operating state is indicated if Δn is greater than or equal n1, wherein n1 is a predetermined value stored in the control (10).
  2. Condensation drier (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the second means (28) resets the number n, which was determined by the counting device (27), to zero when the condition Δn ≥ 0 is not fulfilled within a time interval Δt2 predetermined in the control (10).
  3. Condensation drier (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the temperature sensor (22) is located at an outlet (23) of the condenser (15) or at an outlet (24) of the compressor (14).
  4. Condensation drier (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that an additional heat exchanger (16) is arranged in the heat pump (13, 14, 15, 17).
  5. Condensation drier (1) according to claim 4, characterised in that the additional heat exchanger (16) is arranged in a process air channel (11) between the evaporator (13) and the condenser (15).
  6. Condensation drier (1) according to claim 4, characterised in that the additional heat exchanger (16) is arranged in a cooling air channel (12).
  7. Condensation drier (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it comprises a second fan (20) for cooling the heat pump (13, 14, 15, 17).
  8. Condensation drier (1) according to claim 7, characterised in that the second fan (20) is arranged in a cooling air channel (12) and/or in the environment of the compressor (14).
  9. Condensation drier (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that it comprises an acoustic and/or optical indicating means (25) for indication of an impermissible operating state.
  10. Method for operation of a condensation drier (1) with a drying chamber (3) for the articles to be dried, a process air circuit (2), a first fan (19) in the process air circuit (2), a heat pump (13, 14, 15, 17) in which a refrigerant circulates, with an evaporator (13), a compressor (14), a condenser (15) and a choke (17), as well as a temperature sensor (22) for measuring a temperature of the refrigerant, and a control (10), wherein the condensation dryer (1) comprises first means (26) for determination of a temperature difference ΔT = (TK 1 - TK 2) between a first temperature TK 1 of the refrigerant and a second temperature TK 2, which is measured after a time interval Δt1, of the refrigerant and for comparison of the temperature difference ΔT with a limit temperature difference ΔTK lim stored in the control (10), a counting device (27) for determination of a number n of cases in which ΔT is greater than or equal to ΔTK lim, and second means (28) for comparison of the number n with a predetermined limit number nlim stored in the control (10) and for evaluation of the difference Δn = (n - nlim) with respect to the presence of an impermissible operating state, characterised by the following steps:
    (a) determination of the temperature difference ΔT = (TK 1 - TK 2) between a first temperature TK 1 of the refrigerant and a second temperature TK 2, which is measured after a time interval Δt1, of the refrigerant with use of the temperature sensor (22);
    (b) comparison of the temperature difference ΔT with a limit temperature difference ΔTK lim stored in the control (10);
    (c) reduction of the number n in the counting device (27) by the value '1' for every instance that ΔT is greater than or equal to ΔTK lim
    (d) comparison of the number n with a predetermined limit number nlim stored in the control (10); and
    (e) evaluation of the difference Δn = (n - nlim) with respect to the presence of an impermissible operating state and that a first impermissible operating state is indicated if Δn is greater than or equal to n1, wherein n1 is a predetermined value stored in the control (10).
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the indication of a first impermissible operating state comprises the requirement for cleaning the air ways in the condensation drier.
  12. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that a second impermissible operating state is indicated if Δn is greater than or equal to n2, wherein n2 is a predetermined value stored in the control (10).
  13. Method according to claim 12, characterised in that apart from the indication of a second impermissible operating state a drying process which is taking place is interrupted.
EP09781179A 2008-08-01 2009-07-28 Condensation dryer with a heat pump and recognition of an impermissible operating state and method for the operation thereof Active EP2315867B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008040946A DE102008040946A1 (en) 2008-08-01 2008-08-01 Condensation dryer with a heat pump and detection of an impermissible operating state and method for its operation
PCT/EP2009/059730 WO2010012723A1 (en) 2008-08-01 2009-07-28 Condensation dryer with a heat pump and recognition of an impermissible operating state and method for the operation thereof

Publications (2)

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EP2315867A1 EP2315867A1 (en) 2011-05-04
EP2315867B1 true EP2315867B1 (en) 2011-12-28

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US (1) US8484862B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2315867B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102112678B (en)
AT (1) ATE539192T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102008040946A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2010012723A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
ATE539192T1 (en) 2012-01-15
US8484862B2 (en) 2013-07-16
US20110178653A1 (en) 2011-07-21
CN102112678A (en) 2011-06-29
DE102008040946A1 (en) 2010-02-04
WO2010012723A1 (en) 2010-02-04
CN102112678B (en) 2013-02-06
EP2315867A1 (en) 2011-05-04

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