EP2278067A1 - Calender for treating a material web - Google Patents

Calender for treating a material web Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2278067A1
EP2278067A1 EP10007055A EP10007055A EP2278067A1 EP 2278067 A1 EP2278067 A1 EP 2278067A1 EP 10007055 A EP10007055 A EP 10007055A EP 10007055 A EP10007055 A EP 10007055A EP 2278067 A1 EP2278067 A1 EP 2278067A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
calender
web
roller
paper
belt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10007055A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2278067B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Dr. Svenka
Bernhard Dr. Brendel
Eduard Dr. Davydenko
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Andritz Kuesters GmbH
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Andritz Kuesters GmbH
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Publication of EP2278067A1 publication Critical patent/EP2278067A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2278067B1 publication Critical patent/EP2278067B1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/006—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus with extended nips
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/0066—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus using a special calendering belt

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a calender for smoothing a paper or board web according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device for drying a fibrous web which can be used simultaneously for calendering.
  • a metal belt calender with an extended nip is provided.
  • a surface pressure of about 0.01 MPa is maintained.
  • Both the roller and the metal belt can be heated so that both sides of a web can be smoothed.
  • the use of the metal strip allows the application of elevated temperatures of more than 100 ° C and even high up to about 400 ° C. This elevated temperature, along with a long application time and a wide pressure control range, gives a good calendering result. Because of the metal band, however, the effects correspond to those of a Hartnipkalanders, ie, the track tends to Mottling. The use of high temperatures is again cost and energy consuming.
  • a calender and a method for calendering are known in which two wide nips formed with circumferential bands are interrupted by at least one shorter nip.
  • the shorter nip is pressurized usually higher applied.
  • the first wide nip serves in the Essentially the heat supply.
  • the short press nip causes a smoothing pulse on the web.
  • the second wide nip serves to even out the smoothness effect while simultaneously cooling the web.
  • Preference is given to a metal strip, which should be advantageous for the entry of heat because of the high thermal conductivity.
  • the application of high temperatures of up to 300 ° C is provided, and this applies in particular to the first wide nip.
  • the disadvantages of high temperatures already described must therefore also be accepted here.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a calender that smoothes a paper or board web volume-saving and thereby can be operated cost and energy saving.
  • a calender in which the paper or board web before entering the nip passes through a pre-treatment line for generating an optimum temperature profile when smoothing in the nip.
  • the roll surface temperature of the heated rolls needs to be selected only slightly higher than the plasticizing temperature of the respective paper or board web at a selectable moisture content. For example, it is possible to smooth out with a roller surface temperature which is only about 10 to 30 ° C. higher.
  • the extended residence time in conjunction with the elastic surface of the circulating belt significantly improves the heating of the paper or board web. It ensures a good heat transfer, since the paper or board web is pressed evenly to the heatable roller, so that, for example, air cushion, which could hinder the heat transfer, are largely avoided.
  • the advantages of the proposed calender thus result from the extended dwell path for heating the web in conjunction with the formation of the circulating belt, which forms a contact surface of the treatment gap.
  • the contact pressure is adjusted by the tension of the belt.
  • This tangential tension of the belt loads the belt, which usually consists of a plastic, a rubber, a plastic-coated carrier material or a rubber-coated carrier material, far less than a radial tension.
  • the belt usually consists of a plastic, a rubber, a plastic-coated carrier material or a rubber-coated carrier material, far less than a radial tension.
  • the plastic tends to delaminate a layer composite.
  • the thermal stress of the belt is low, so that the belt has a long life.
  • a volume-smoothing smoothing is thus achieved with a nip upstream treatment gap whose belt has a resilient or soft surface on the paper or board web side facing, said treatment gap in the manner of a broad nip in contrast to the known broad nips in the low temperature range of, for example 80 ° C to 160 ° C is operated.
  • the resulting energy savings result from reduced heat radiation and reduced forced convection.
  • the heat loss is significantly reduced, in particular, when the circulating belt has a closed surface cover on the side facing the paper or board web.
  • the thermally sealing and shielding effect of the circulating belt on the paper or board web in the treatment nip is increased.
  • a further increase can be achieved by the material of the elastic surface, which can act as a thermal insulator.
  • this material preferably has a low thermal conductivity.
  • a residence time in the treatment gap required for achieving the desired penetration depth of the heat can be optimized by adjusting the contact pressure of the strip to the circumference of the heatable roll by means of guide rolls.
  • the counter-element forming the nip is preferably arranged directly behind the treatment gap on the heatable roller. Preference is given to the use of a bending adjustment roller for simultaneous control of the property profiles of the web in the transverse direction.
  • the counter element is a hard heatable roller, since a two-sided smoothing is desired.
  • the line load can be adapted to the respective objective.
  • a controlled increase in pressure in the treatment gap can be adjusted by guide rollers for the circulating belt additionally work as pressure rollers.
  • the invention relates to a calender 1 for smoothing a paper or board web 2 with at least one nip 3, which is formed between a heatable roller 4 and a counter element 5.
  • the counter element 5 is a roller, in particular a Biegeeinstellwalze, for simultaneous control of the property profiles of the web 2 in the transverse direction.
  • the counter element 5 is formed as a hard roller, which is heated in order to smooth the paper or board web 2 on both sides.
  • the nip length of the nip 3 is preferably in the range of 1 to 15 mm, with a counter element 5 as a hard roller.
  • the roller 4 as well as the counter element 5 can each be driven, in particular for the online operation of the calender.
  • the heatable roll 4 is heated, for example, to roll surface temperatures of 80 ° C to 160 ° C depending on the plasticizing temperature of the respective paper or board web 2 and their moisture content.
  • the calender 1 comprises a device 6 for generating a predetermined pressure in the nip 3.
  • the device 6 for generating a predetermined pressure is here for example a loading cylinder.
  • the counter element 5 may be formed with an inner stroke, whereby a pressure load in the nip 3 is adjustable.
  • the nip 3 is in the web running direction L, a web treatment device 7 with two treatment gap 8 forming contact surfaces 9, 10 upstream.
  • the contact surface 9 is a circumferential contact surface, which is formed by a belt 14 circulating on guide rollers 11, 12, 13.
  • the other contact surface 10 is formed by the circumferential outer wall of the heatable roller 4.
  • the treatment gap 8 extends along a degree 15 of the wrapping of the heatable roller 4.
  • the degree 15 of the wrapping for varying the length of the treatment gap 8 is adjustable depending on a desired penetration depth of the heat in the paper or board web 2.
  • the contact length at the circumference of the roller 4 is preferably variably adjustable from 0.25 to 2.5 m.
  • the circulating belt 14 presses with an elastic surface to increase the thermal efficiency of heat transfer the paper or board web 2 to the heatable roller 4.
  • the guide rollers 11, 12, 13 control Trum estimate the circulating belt 14 in the treatment gap. 8
  • the contact pressure in the treatment gap 8 is adjusted by the tension of the belt 14.
  • the maximum tensile stress of the belt 14 is limited to preferably 200 kN / m.
  • the compressive stress which can be achieved in the pretreatment zone of the treatment gap 8 can, for example, assume a value in the range from 0.01 MPa to 0.5 MPa. This depends on the belt tension and the dimensions of the heatable roller 4.
  • the web 2 Before entering the treatment gap 8, the web 2 can wrap around the heatable roller 4 along a partial section.
  • the surface temperature of the heatable roller 4 is preferably controlled so that within the residence time of the web 2 below the belt 14, the glass transition temperature is achieved in an optimum for the respective objective of the smoothing process penetration depth. For volume-saving smoothing such warming is required only to a depth of about 10 microns.
  • the surface temperature and the length of the pretreatment path of the treatment nip 8 are optimized to allow operation at a temperature that does not significantly exceed the glass transition temperature of the surface area of the web 2 to be plasticized.
  • the thus pretreated web 2, which can be moistened before the calender 1 previously with nozzle and / or steam humidifier is just behind the pretreatment track in the nip 3, a hard nip, smoothed.
  • the nip 3 forming counter-element 5 is a roller which is disposed immediately behind the looped portion on the heatable roller 4. Moistening behind the calender 1 is also possible if this is technologically necessary.
  • the counter-element 5 is a roller whose diameter is preferably less than or equal to 90% of the diameter of the heatable roller 4. In this way, the distance between the end of the treatment gap 8 and the inlet into the nip 3 should be kept as small as possible.
  • the circulating belt 14 has an elastic surface for ensuring a uniform contact pressure, which is adjustable by the tension of the belt 14.
  • the circulating belt 14 on the paper or board web 2 side facing an elastic surface having a closed surface cover.
  • the heat transfer from the heated roll 4 to the paper or board web 2 is thermally shielded from the environment in the treatment nip 8 by the circulating belt formed in this way.
  • the introduction of heat into the paper or board web 2 is improved because heat dissipation to the environment is reduced. If the elastic surface is a thermal insulator, the introduction of the heat into the paper or board web 2 is further improved.
  • the elastic surface of the circulating belt 14 therefore preferably consists of a material with a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 10 W / mK, in particular less than or equal to 5 W / mK, very preferably less than or equal to 1 W / mK.
  • the band 14 is preferably made of a material having a thermal conductivity less than or equal to 1 W / mK.
  • the hardness of the elastic surface is preferably in the range of 50 Shore A to 92 Shore D.
  • the band 14 is preferably made of a flat substrate provided with one or more elastic layers. Such a plastic composite material has a high tensile strength. To increase the mechanical strength of the band, a support fabric or support band can be incorporated.
  • the circulating belt 14 may further consist of a substrate provided with an elastic layer, wherein the carrier material may also consist of a metal.
  • the hardness of the metal can provide for a sufficiently thin elastic layer for a smoothing of the circumferential band 14 facing side of the paper or board web 2.
  • the roughness of the elastic surface of the band 14 is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 microns.
  • the then given smoothness of the elastic surface of the belt 14 may be reflected as smoothness on the paper or board web 2.
  • the tape 14 has, for example, a heat-resistant surface coating, for example made of silicone. The heat-resistant coating provides high wear resistance and a smooth surface.
  • the pretreatment path of the treatment gap 8 also serves, in particular, for pre-smoothing the web 2.
  • the circulating belt 14 further preferably has only a small elongation which is less than or equal to 7%. The strain occurring when adjusting the belt tension in the belt 14 due to tension in the belt 14 then does not disturb the smoothing.
  • the band 14 has at least the same width as the web 2. The thickness of the band 14 depends on its width and length and may be between 4 and 20 mm.
  • At least one of the guide rollers 12 has a device 16 for selectively tensioning the belt 14.
  • the guide roller 12 for tensioning the belt 14 is in each case displaceably or pivotably mounted on the end by means of a guide 18.
  • Fig. 2 shows as a guide 18 a lever system. On the lever system acts a drive element 20, which is associated with a not shown path measuring device.
  • At least one of the guide rollers 11, 13 may be formed as a pressure roller, which presses the web 14 in the treatment gap 8 along a portion in the direction L by additional radial pressure load.
  • a guide roll 11, 13 is preferably formed on the inlet and / or outlet side of the treatment gap 8 as a pressure roller.
  • the radial pressure load can be set lower on the inlet side than the outlet side or vice versa.
  • Such a pressure roller may be a Biegeeinstellwalze.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a calender 1, in which the band 14, the heatable hard roll 4 wraps more than 180 °.
  • the degree 15 of the wrap is at values between 90 ° and 270 °, with the values greater than or equal to 120 ° being particularly preferred.
  • the circulating, endless belt 14, which is also referred to as belt, is guided by three guide rollers 11, 12, 13 in a loop around the heatable roller 4.
  • the belt 14 is tensioned here by the guide roller 12.
  • the contact pressure of the belt 14 is determined to the web 2.
  • a higher tension of the belt 14 also results in a higher contact pressure of the web 2 and favors the leveling of the web surface, ie the pre-smoothing.
  • the path 2 conditioned in the treatment gap 8 is then finally finished in a nip 3 immediately following and formed with the same heatable roller 4.
  • the line load in nip 3 can be adapted to the smoothness effects to be achieved.
  • Medium compressive stresses with paper or cardboard in the nip 3 of 2 N / mm 2 to 55 N / mm 2 are adjustable.
  • the compressive stresses in the lower area of said area are used for thickness correction in cardboard.
  • the compressive stresses in the upper area of said range allow the smoothing of high-quality papers, such as SC, LWC and MWC papers or wood-free coated papers.
  • the temperature of the heated roller 4 and the length of the treatment section formed under the belt 14 are adjusted so that substantially only the area near the surface of the web 2 is heated, a conditioning line is formed. in which the interior of the web 2 remains below the plastication or glass transition temperature. As a result, a volume-smoothing smoothing is possible.
  • the thickness of the near-surface layer of the web 2, which is brought above the plasticizing temperature is several times the largest unevenness of the paper or board web surface. The thickness of the layer to be heated is thus dependent on the roughness of the web 2 to be treated.
  • the length of the treatment gap 8 and the speed of the web 2 in the direction L determine the residence time of the web 2 in the treatment gap 8 and thus also the penetration depth of the heat into the web 2 and the layer thickness which is heated to a deformation temperature.
  • the ambient air entrained with the web 2 in the boundary layer degrades the heat transfer from the heated roll 4 to the web 2.
  • Substantial improvement in heat transfer is achieved by removal of the boundary layer. This can be done, for example, by a contact path for an adhesive contact between the outer wall of the heatable roller 4 and the surface of the paper or board web 2 upstream of the web treatment device 7. Also suitable is the pressing of a guide roller 11 against the heated roller 4. By these measures, the interfering boundary layer displaced against the direction of the web 2 and the heat transfer in the treatment gap 8 can be further increased.
  • the calender 1 can be operated online or offline.
  • the calender 1 makes it possible to give the surface of the web 2 a high smoothness, wherein the circulating belt 14 is mechanically or thermally stressed low.
  • the two-sided guides a control roller via a transversely to the direction of the belt provided sensor means controlled to each other can be aligned.
  • the sensor device detects the position of the belt 14 toward the center of the heatable roller 4.

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  • Paper (AREA)
  • Advancing Webs (AREA)

Abstract

The calender (1) has a web treatment device (7) including two contact surfaces (9, 10) forming a treatment gap (8) and arranged upstream of a nip (3), where one of the surfaces is formed by a band (14) revolving around guide rollers (11-13). Another surface is formed by an outer wall of a heatable roller (4). The band having an elastic surface presses a paper or cardboard web (2) against the heatable roller to increase thermal efficiency of heat exchange. The guide rollers control belt tension forces of the band in the treatment gap. A counter element (5) is formed as a heatable hard roller.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kalander zum Glätten einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a calender for smoothing a paper or board web according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenqualität werden Papier- oder Kartonbahnen geglättet. Der gleichzeitig dabei auftretende Volumenverlust ist meist unerwünscht. Um die Glättung mit größtmöglicher Volumenschonung durchzuführen, kommen Kalander mit verlängertem Nip zum Einsatz. Man spricht insoweit auch von einem Breitnip.To improve the surface quality, paper or board webs are smoothed. The simultaneously occurring volume loss is usually undesirable. To perform the smoothing with the greatest possible volume protection, calenders with extended nip are used. One speaks in this respect also of a broad nip.

Aus WO 01/98585 A1 ist bekannt, Schuhkalander mit Nipbreiten zwischen 50 mm und 70 mm einzusetzen und mit Linienlasten bis zu 400 N/mm zu betreiben. Die hierdurch erreichte volumenschonende Glättung wird durch eine lange Verweilzeit im Nip bei hoher Walzentemperatur oberhalb von 200°C bis 300°C erzielt. Die geringe Temperaturbeständigkeit des Belts erfordert einen hohen Aufwand zum Schutz vor Verbrennungen. Die hohen Walzentemperaturen verursachen ferner hohe Betriebskosten. Aufgrund der Forderung nach Dickenquerprofil-Kontrolle bei gleichzeitiger Glättung der Oberfläche ist bei Anwendung des Schuhkalanders ein weiterer Hartnip- oder Softnip-Kalander erforderlich. Dies verursacht erhebliche Kosten und führt zur Verminderung der Vorteile der volumenschonenden Glättung durch die durch den zusätzlichen Nip bedingte Dickenreduktion.Out WO 01/98585 A1 It is known to use shoe calenders with nip widths between 50 mm and 70 mm and to operate with line loads of up to 400 N / mm. The volume-saving smoothing achieved in this way is achieved by a long residence time in the nip at a high roller temperature above 200 ° C. to 300 ° C. The low temperature resistance of the Belts requires a lot of effort to protect against burns. The high roll temperatures also cause high operating costs. Due to the demand for thickness profile control with simultaneous smoothing of the surface when using the shoe calender another Hartnip- or Softnip calender is required. This causes considerable costs and leads to the reduction of the advantages of the volume-saving smoothing due to the thickness reduction caused by the additional nip.

Aus EP 0 141 614 A2 ist ein Verfahren zum Glätten einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn bekannt, bei dem der verlängerte Nip zwischen einer beheizbaren Walze und einem umlaufenden Band gebildet wird. Entlang eines Umschlingungsabschnitts liegt das Band an der beheizbaren Walze an. Führungswalzen des umlaufenden Bandes steuern über die Bandspannung und die Verwendung als Anpresswalzen die Druckbelastung im verlängerten Nip. Walzentemperaturen von 120°C bis 315°C sind aber auch hier für die Glättung erforderlich.Out EP 0 141 614 A2 For example, a method of smoothing a paper or board web is known in which the extended nip is formed between a heatable roll and a circulating belt. Along a lap section, the tape is applied to the heatable roller. Guide rollers of the circulating belt control the pressure load in the extended nip via the belt tension and the use as pressure rollers. Roller temperatures of 120 ° C to 315 ° C are also required here for the smoothing.

Aus EP 1 478 805 B1 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Trocknen einer Faserstoffbahn bekannt, die gleichzeitig zum Kalandrieren verwendet werden kann. Hierzu ist ein Metallgurtkalander mit einem verlängerten Nip vorgesehen. Durch die Bandspannung wird eine Flächenpressung von etwa 0,01 MPa aufrechterhalten. Sowohl die Walze als auch das Metallband können beheizt werden, so dass beide Seiten einer Bahn geglättet werden können. Die Verwendung des Metallbandes ermöglicht dabei das Aufbringen erhöhter Temperaturen von mehr als 100°C und sogar hoch bis zu etwa 400°C. Diese erhöhte Temperatur ergibt zusammen mit einer langen Anwendungszeit und einem breiten Drucksteuerbereich ein gutes Kalandrierergebnis. Wegen des Metallbandes entsprechen die Effekte allerdings denen eines Hartnipkalanders, d.h. die Bahn neigt zum Mottling. Die Anwendung hoher Temperaturen ist wiederum kosten- und energieaufwändig.Out EP 1 478 805 B1 a device for drying a fibrous web is known, which can be used simultaneously for calendering. For this purpose, a metal belt calender with an extended nip is provided. By the belt tension a surface pressure of about 0.01 MPa is maintained. Both the roller and the metal belt can be heated so that both sides of a web can be smoothed. The use of the metal strip allows the application of elevated temperatures of more than 100 ° C and even high up to about 400 ° C. This elevated temperature, along with a long application time and a wide pressure control range, gives a good calendering result. Because of the metal band, however, the effects correspond to those of a Hartnipkalanders, ie, the track tends to Mottling. The use of high temperatures is again cost and energy consuming.

Aus DE 10 2007 024 581 A1 ist ein Kalander und ein Verfahren zur Satinage bekannt, bei denen zwei mit umlaufenden Bändern gebildete Breitnips durch wenigstens einen kürzeren Nip unterbrochen werden. Der kürzere Nip ist dabei druckmäßig in der Regel höher beaufschlagt. Der erste Breitnip dient im Wesentlichen der Wärmezufuhr. Der kurze Pressspalt verursacht einen Glättimpuls auf die Bahn. Der zweite Breitnip dient der Vergleichmäßigung der Glättwirkung bei gleichzeitigem Abkühlen der Bahn. Bevorzugt wird ein Metallband, das wegen der hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit vorteilhaft sein soll für den Eintrag von Wärme. Die Anwendung hoher Temperaturen von bis zu 300°C ist vorgesehen, wobei dies insbesondere für den ersten Breitnip gilt. Die bereits beschriebenen Nachteile hoher Temperaturen müssen folglich auch hier in Kauf genommen werden.Out DE 10 2007 024 581 A1 For example, a calender and a method for calendering are known in which two wide nips formed with circumferential bands are interrupted by at least one shorter nip. The shorter nip is pressurized usually higher applied. The first wide nip serves in the Essentially the heat supply. The short press nip causes a smoothing pulse on the web. The second wide nip serves to even out the smoothness effect while simultaneously cooling the web. Preference is given to a metal strip, which should be advantageous for the entry of heat because of the high thermal conductivity. The application of high temperatures of up to 300 ° C is provided, and this applies in particular to the first wide nip. The disadvantages of high temperatures already described must therefore also be accepted here.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Kalander zu schaffen, der eine Papier- oder Kartonbahn volumenschonend glättet und dabei kosten- und energiesparend betrieben werden kann.Object of the present invention is to provide a calender that smoothes a paper or board web volume-saving and thereby can be operated cost and energy saving.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

Hierdurch wird ein Kalander geschaffen, bei dem die Papier- oder Kartonbahn vor dem Eintritt in den Nip eine Vorbehandlungsstrecke zur Erzeugung eines optimalen Temperaturprofils beim Glätten im Nip durchläuft. Die Walzenoberflächentemperatur der beheizbaren Walzen braucht dazu nur geringfügig höher gewählt werden als die Plastifizierungstemperatur der jeweiligen Papier- oder Kartonbahn bei einem wählbaren Feuchtegehalt. Beispielsweise kann mit einer insoweit nur um 10 - 30°C höheren Walzenoberflächentemperatur geglättet werden.As a result, a calender is provided in which the paper or board web before entering the nip passes through a pre-treatment line for generating an optimum temperature profile when smoothing in the nip. The roll surface temperature of the heated rolls needs to be selected only slightly higher than the plasticizing temperature of the respective paper or board web at a selectable moisture content. For example, it is possible to smooth out with a roller surface temperature which is only about 10 to 30 ° C. higher.

Die verlängerte Verweilzeit in Verbindung mit der elastischen Oberfläche des umlaufenden Bandes verbessert die Aufheizung der Papier- oder Kartonbahn deutlich. Es wird ein guter Wärmeübergang sichergestellt, da die Papier- oder Kartonbahn an die beheizbare Walze gleichmäßig angepresst wird, so dass beispielsweise Luftpolster, die den Wärmeübergang behindern könnten, weitgehend vermieden werden. Die Vorteile des vorgeschlagenen Kalanders ergeben sich also aus der verlängerten Verweilstrecke zum Aufheizen der Bahn in Verbindung mit der Ausbildung des umlaufenden Bandes, das eine Kontaktfläche des Behandlungsspaltes bildet.The extended residence time in conjunction with the elastic surface of the circulating belt significantly improves the heating of the paper or board web. It ensures a good heat transfer, since the paper or board web is pressed evenly to the heatable roller, so that, for example, air cushion, which could hinder the heat transfer, are largely avoided. The advantages of the proposed calender thus result from the extended dwell path for heating the web in conjunction with the formation of the circulating belt, which forms a contact surface of the treatment gap.

Durch ein verlängertes Erwärmen der Papier- oder Kartonbahn in dem Behandlungsspalt ist eine gleichmäßige Erwärmung der Papier- oder Kartonbahn bis zur technologisch erforderlichen Tiefe möglich. Dazu sind Walzenoberflächentemperaturen im Bereich von 80°C bis 160°C im Allgemeinen hinreichend. Die Höhe der Temperatur wird zugunsten einer Verlängerung der Zeitspanne der Temperatureinwirkung reduziert. Die Reduzierung der Höhe der Temperatur für den thermisch-mechanischen Glättvorgang wird dann nur noch im Wesentlichen bestimmt durch die Plastifizierungstemperatur der verwendeten Faserstoffe einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn und deren Feuchtegehalt. Die elastische Oberfläche des Bandes stellt dabei einen gleichmäßigen Anpressdruck und damit einen gleichmäßigen Wärmeübertrag von der beheizten Walze auf die Papier- oder Kartonbahn sicher.By prolonged heating of the paper or board web in the treatment nip, uniform heating of the paper or board web to the technologically required depth is possible. In addition, roll surface temperatures in the range of 80 ° C to 160 ° C are generally sufficient. The amount of temperature is reduced in favor of extending the period of time of the effect of temperature. The reduction in the height of the temperature for the thermal-mechanical smoothing process is then only essentially determined by the plasticizing temperature of the fibrous materials used in a paper or board web and their moisture content. The elastic surface of the belt thereby ensures a uniform contact pressure and thus a uniform heat transfer from the heated roller to the paper or board web safely.

Der Anpressdruck wird durch die Spannung des Bandes eingestellt. Diese tangentiale Spannung des Bandes belastet das Band, das üblicherweise aus einem Kunststoff, einem Gummi, einem kunststoffbeschichteten Trägerwerkstoff oder einem gummibeschichteten Trägerwerkstoff besteht, weit weniger als eine radiale Spannung. Bei radialer Spannung neigt der Kunststoff zur Delamination eines Schichtenverbundes. Die thermische Beanspruchung des Bandes ist niedrig, so dass das Band eine lange Lebensdauer hat.The contact pressure is adjusted by the tension of the belt. This tangential tension of the belt loads the belt, which usually consists of a plastic, a rubber, a plastic-coated carrier material or a rubber-coated carrier material, far less than a radial tension. With radial stress, the plastic tends to delaminate a layer composite. The thermal stress of the belt is low, so that the belt has a long life.

Eine volumenschonende Glättung wird also mit einem einem Nip vorgelagerten Behandlungsspalt erreicht, dessen Belt eine elastische bzw. weiche Oberfläche an der der Papier- oder Kartonbahn zugewandten Seite aufweist, wobei dieser Behandlungsspalt nach Art eines Breitnips im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Breitnips im Niedertemperaturbereich von beispielsweise 80°C bis 160°C betrieben wird. Die daraus folgende Energieersparnis ergibt sich aus reduzierter Wärmeabstrahlung und reduzierter Zwangskonvektion.A volume-smoothing smoothing is thus achieved with a nip upstream treatment gap whose belt has a resilient or soft surface on the paper or board web side facing, said treatment gap in the manner of a broad nip in contrast to the known broad nips in the low temperature range of, for example 80 ° C to 160 ° C is operated. The resulting energy savings result from reduced heat radiation and reduced forced convection.

Mit dem erfingungsgemäßen Kalander ist es gelungen, die von einem gleichzeitigen Einsatz von Druck und Temperatur in dem Nip zu erwartenden Vorteile und Auswirkungen kosten- und energiesparend in dem Glättvorgang zu realisieren.With the calender according to the invention, it has been possible to achieve the advantages to be expected from the simultaneous use of pressure and temperature in the nip To realize cost and energy saving effects in the smoothing process.

Die Verlustwärme wird insbesondere dann deutlich reduziert, wenn das umlaufende Band an der der Papier- oder Kartonbahn zugewandten Seite eine geschlossene Oberflächendecke aufweist. Die thermisch abdichtende und abschirmende Wirkung des umlaufenden Bandes auf die Papier- oder Kartonbahn im Behandlungsspalt wird gesteigert. Eine weitere Steigerung kann durch das Material der elastischen Oberfläche erreicht werden, das als thermischer Isolator wirken kann. Dazu weist dieses Material vorzugsweise eine geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf.The heat loss is significantly reduced, in particular, when the circulating belt has a closed surface cover on the side facing the paper or board web. The thermally sealing and shielding effect of the circulating belt on the paper or board web in the treatment nip is increased. A further increase can be achieved by the material of the elastic surface, which can act as a thermal insulator. For this purpose, this material preferably has a low thermal conductivity.

Eine für das Erzielen der gewünschten Eindringtiefe der Wärme erforderliche Verweilzeit im Behandlungsspalt kann durch Verstellen der Anpresslänge des Bandes an den Umfang der beheizbaren Walze mittels Leitwalzen optimiert werden.A residence time in the treatment gap required for achieving the desired penetration depth of the heat can be optimized by adjusting the contact pressure of the strip to the circumference of the heatable roll by means of guide rolls.

Das den Nip bildende Gegenelement ist vorzugsweise unmittelbar hinter dem Behandlungsspalt an der beheizbaren Walze angeordnet. Bevorzugt wird die Anwendung einer Biegeeinstellwalze zur gleichzeitigen Regelung der Eigenschaftsprofile der Bahn in Querrichtung. Das Gegenelement ist eine harte beheizbare Walze, da eine beidseitige Glättung erwünscht ist. Die Linienlast kann auf die jeweilige Zielsetzung angepasst werden.The counter-element forming the nip is preferably arranged directly behind the treatment gap on the heatable roller. Preference is given to the use of a bending adjustment roller for simultaneous control of the property profiles of the web in the transverse direction. The counter element is a hard heatable roller, since a two-sided smoothing is desired. The line load can be adapted to the respective objective.

Bevorzugt kann eine kontrollierte Druckzunahme im Behandlungsspalt eingestellt werden, indem Leitwalzen für das umlaufende Band zusätzlich als Anpresswalzen arbeiten.Preferably, a controlled increase in pressure in the treatment gap can be adjusted by guide rollers for the circulating belt additionally work as pressure rollers.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further embodiments of the invention are described in the following description and the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand des in den beigefügten Abbildungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Kalanders,
  • Fig. 2 zeigt eine Seitenansicht des Kalanders gemäß Fig. 1.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a perspective view of a calender,
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view of the calender according to Fig. 1 ,

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kalander 1 zum Glätten einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 mit mindestens einem Nip 3, der zwischen einer beheizbaren Walze 4 und einem Gegenelement 5 gebildet ist. Das Gegenelement 5 ist eine Walze, insbesondere eine Biegeeinstellwalze, zur gleichzeitigen Regelung der Eigenschaftsprofile der Bahn 2 in Querrichtung. Das Gegenelement 5 ist als harte Walze ausgebildet, die beheizt ist, um die Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 beidseitig glätten zu können. Die Niplänge des Nips 3 liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 1 bis 15 mm, bei einem Gegenelement 5 als harte Walze.The invention relates to a calender 1 for smoothing a paper or board web 2 with at least one nip 3, which is formed between a heatable roller 4 and a counter element 5. The counter element 5 is a roller, in particular a Biegeeinstellwalze, for simultaneous control of the property profiles of the web 2 in the transverse direction. The counter element 5 is formed as a hard roller, which is heated in order to smooth the paper or board web 2 on both sides. The nip length of the nip 3 is preferably in the range of 1 to 15 mm, with a counter element 5 as a hard roller.

Die Walze 4 als auch das Gegenelement 5 können jeweils angetrieben sein, insbesondere für den Online-Betrieb des Kalanders. Die beheizbare Walze 4 wird beispielsweise auf Walzenoberflächentemperaturen von 80°C bis 160°C erhitzt in Abhängigkeit von der Plastifizierungstemperatur der jeweiligen Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 und deren Feuchtegehalt.The roller 4 as well as the counter element 5 can each be driven, in particular for the online operation of the calender. The heatable roll 4 is heated, for example, to roll surface temperatures of 80 ° C to 160 ° C depending on the plasticizing temperature of the respective paper or board web 2 and their moisture content.

Der Kalander 1 umfasst eine Einrichtung 6 zum Erzeugen eines vorbestimmten Drucks im Nip 3. Die Einrichtung 6 zum Erzeugen eines vorbestimmten Drucks ist hier beispielsweise ein Belastungszylinder. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Gegenelement 5 mit einem inneren Hub ausgebildet sein, wodurch eine Druckbelastung im Nip 3 einstellbar ist.The calender 1 comprises a device 6 for generating a predetermined pressure in the nip 3. The device 6 for generating a predetermined pressure is here for example a loading cylinder. Alternatively or additionally, the counter element 5 may be formed with an inner stroke, whereby a pressure load in the nip 3 is adjustable.

Dem Nip 3 ist in Bahnlaufrichtung L eine Bahnbehandlungseinrichtung 7 mit zwei einen Behandlungsspalt 8 bildenden Kontaktflächen 9, 10 vorgeordnet. Die Kontaktfläche 9 ist eine umlaufende Kontaktfläche, die durch ein an Leitwalzen 11, 12, 13 umlaufendes Band 14 gebildet ist. Die andere Kontaktfläche 10 ist von der umlaufenden Außenwand der beheizbaren Walze 4 gebildet. Der Behandlungsspalt 8 erstreckt sich entlang eines Grades 15 der Umschlingung der beheizbaren Walze 4. Der Grad 15 der Umschlingung zum Variieren der Länge des Behandlungsspalts 8 ist in Abhängigkeit einer gewünschten Eindringtiefe der Wärme in die Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 einstellbar. Durch Verstellen der Anpresslänge des Bandes 14 am Umfang der beheizbaren Walze 4 wird die wählbare Verweilzeit mittels der Leitwalzen 11, 12, 13 optimiert. Die Anpresslänge am. Umfang der Walze 4 ist vorzugsweise von 0,25 bis 2,5 m variabel einstellbar.The nip 3 is in the web running direction L, a web treatment device 7 with two treatment gap 8 forming contact surfaces 9, 10 upstream. The contact surface 9 is a circumferential contact surface, which is formed by a belt 14 circulating on guide rollers 11, 12, 13. The other contact surface 10 is formed by the circumferential outer wall of the heatable roller 4. The treatment gap 8 extends along a degree 15 of the wrapping of the heatable roller 4. The degree 15 of the wrapping for varying the length of the treatment gap 8 is adjustable depending on a desired penetration depth of the heat in the paper or board web 2. By adjusting the Anpresslänge of the belt 14 on the circumference of the heated roller 4, the selectable residence time by means of the guide rollers 11, 12, 13 is optimized. The contact length at the circumference of the roller 4 is preferably variably adjustable from 0.25 to 2.5 m.

Das umlaufende Band 14 presst mit einer elastischen Oberfläche zur Erhöhung des thermischen Wirkungsgrades der Wärmeübertragung die Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 an die beheizbare Walze 4. Die Leitwalzen 11, 12, 13 steuern Trumkräfte des umlaufenden Bandes 14 im Behandlungsspalt 8.The circulating belt 14 presses with an elastic surface to increase the thermal efficiency of heat transfer the paper or board web 2 to the heatable roller 4. The guide rollers 11, 12, 13 control Trumkräfte the circulating belt 14 in the treatment gap. 8

Der Anpressdruck im Behandlungsspalt 8 wird durch die Spannung des Bandes 14 eingestellt. Die maximale Zugspannung des Bandes 14 ist auf vorzugsweise 200 kN/m begrenzt. Die in der Vorbehandlungszone des Behandlungsspalts 8 erzielbare Druckspannung kann beispielsweise einen Wert im Bereich von 0,01 MPa bis 0,5 MPa annehmen. Dies hängt ab von der Bandspannung und den Abmessungen der beheizbaren Walze 4.The contact pressure in the treatment gap 8 is adjusted by the tension of the belt 14. The maximum tensile stress of the belt 14 is limited to preferably 200 kN / m. The compressive stress which can be achieved in the pretreatment zone of the treatment gap 8 can, for example, assume a value in the range from 0.01 MPa to 0.5 MPa. This depends on the belt tension and the dimensions of the heatable roller 4.

Die Bahn 2 kann vor dem Eintritt in den Behandlungsspalt 8 die beheizbare Walze 4 entlang eines Teilabschnitts umschlingen.Before entering the treatment gap 8, the web 2 can wrap around the heatable roller 4 along a partial section.

Die Oberflächentemperatur der beheizbaren Walze 4 wird vorzugsweise so geregelt, dass innerhalb der Verweilzeit der Bahn 2 unterhalb des Bandes 14 die Glasumwandlungstemperatur in einer für die jeweilige Zielsetzung des Glättvorganges optimalen Eindringtiefe erzielt wird. Für volumenschonende Glättung ist eine solche Aufwärmung nur bis zu einer Tiefe von etwa 10 µm erforderlich. Die Oberflächentemperatur und die Länge der Vorbehandlungsstrecke des Behandlungsspalts 8 werden so optimiert, dass der Betrieb mit einer Temperatur ermöglicht wird, die nicht wesentlich die Glasumwandlungstemperatur des zu plastifizierenden Oberflächenbereichs der Bahn 2 übersteigt. Die so vorbehandelte Bahn 2, die vor dem Kalander 1 zuvor mit Düsen- und/oder Dampfbefeuchter aufgefeuchtet werden kann, wird direkt hinter der Vorbehandlungsstrecke in dem Nip 3, einem Hardnip, geglättet. Das den Nip 3 bildende Gegenelement 5 ist eine Walze, die unmittelbar hinter dem umschlungenen Abschnitt an der beheizbaren Walze 4 angeordnet ist. Auch eine Befeuchtung hinter dem Kalander 1 ist möglich, falls dies technologisch erforderlich ist.The surface temperature of the heatable roller 4 is preferably controlled so that within the residence time of the web 2 below the belt 14, the glass transition temperature is achieved in an optimum for the respective objective of the smoothing process penetration depth. For volume-saving smoothing such warming is required only to a depth of about 10 microns. The surface temperature and the length of the pretreatment path of the treatment nip 8 are optimized to allow operation at a temperature that does not significantly exceed the glass transition temperature of the surface area of the web 2 to be plasticized. The thus pretreated web 2, which can be moistened before the calender 1 previously with nozzle and / or steam humidifier is just behind the pretreatment track in the nip 3, a hard nip, smoothed. The nip 3 forming counter-element 5 is a roller which is disposed immediately behind the looped portion on the heatable roller 4. Moistening behind the calender 1 is also possible if this is technologically necessary.

Das Gegenelement 5 ist eine Walze, deren Durchmesser vorzugsweise kleiner gleich 90 % des Durchmessers der beheizbaren Walze 4. Hierdurch soll der Abstand zwischen dem Ende des Behandlungsspalts 8 und dem Einlauf in den Nip 3 möglichst klein gehalten werden.The counter-element 5 is a roller whose diameter is preferably less than or equal to 90% of the diameter of the heatable roller 4. In this way, the distance between the end of the treatment gap 8 and the inlet into the nip 3 should be kept as small as possible.

Das umlaufende Band 14 hat eine elastische Oberfläche zur Sicherstellung eines gleichmäßigen Anpressdrucks, der durch die Spannung des Bandes 14 einstellbar ist. Für eine thermische Wirkung des Bandes 14 auf die Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 weist das umlaufende Band 14 an der der Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 zugewandten Seite eine elastische Oberfläche auf, die eine geschlossene Oberflächendecke aufweist. Die von der beheizten Walze 4 ausgehende Wärmeübertragung zur Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 wird durch das so ausgebildete umlaufende Band gegenüber der Umgebung im Behandlungsspalt 8 thermisch abgeschirmt. Die Einleitung der Wärme in die Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 ist verbessert, da eine Wärmeabführung an die Umgebung reduziert ist. Ist die elastische Oberfläche ein thermischer Isolator, wird die Einleitung der Wärme in die Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 weiter verbessert. Die elastische Oberfläche des umlaufenden Bandes 14 besteht deshalb vorzugsweise aus einem Material mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit kleiner gleich 10 W/mK, insbesondere kleiner gleich 5 W/mK, ganz bevorzugt kleiner gleich 1 W/mK. Das Band 14 besteht vorzugsweise aus einem Werkstoff mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit kleiner gleich 1 W/mK. Die Härte der elastischen Oberfläche liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 50 Shore A bis 92 Shore D.The circulating belt 14 has an elastic surface for ensuring a uniform contact pressure, which is adjustable by the tension of the belt 14. For a thermal effect of the belt 14 on the paper or board web 2, the circulating belt 14 on the paper or board web 2 side facing an elastic surface having a closed surface cover. The heat transfer from the heated roll 4 to the paper or board web 2 is thermally shielded from the environment in the treatment nip 8 by the circulating belt formed in this way. The introduction of heat into the paper or board web 2 is improved because heat dissipation to the environment is reduced. If the elastic surface is a thermal insulator, the introduction of the heat into the paper or board web 2 is further improved. The elastic surface of the circulating belt 14 therefore preferably consists of a material with a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 10 W / mK, in particular less than or equal to 5 W / mK, very preferably less than or equal to 1 W / mK. The band 14 is preferably made of a material having a thermal conductivity less than or equal to 1 W / mK. The hardness of the elastic surface is preferably in the range of 50 Shore A to 92 Shore D.

Das Band 14 besteht vorzugsweise aus einem flachen Trägermaterial, das mit einer oder mehreren elastischen Schichten versehen ist. Ein solcher Kunststoff-Verbundwerkstoff besitzt eine hohe Zugfestigkeit. Zur Erhöhung der mechanischen Festigkeit des Bandes kann ein Stützgewebe oder Stützband eingearbeitet sein. Das umlaufende Band 14 kann ferner aus einem mit einer elastischen Schicht versehenem Trägermaterial bestehen, wobei das Trägermaterial auch aus einem Metall bestehen kann. Die Härte des Metalls kann bei einer hinreichend dünnen elastischen Schicht für eine Glättung der dem umlaufenden Band 14 zugewandten Seite der Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 sorgen. Die Rauigkeit der elastischen Oberfläche des Bandes 14 liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,5 bis 5 µm. Die dann gegebene Glätte der elastischen Oberfläche des Bandes 14 kann sich als Glätte auf der Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 abbilden. Das Band 14 weist beispielsweise eine hitzebeständige Oberflächenbeschichtung auf, beispielsweise aus Silicon. Die hitzebeständige Beschichtung liefert eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit und eine glatte Oberfläche.The band 14 is preferably made of a flat substrate provided with one or more elastic layers. Such a plastic composite material has a high tensile strength. To increase the mechanical strength of the band, a support fabric or support band can be incorporated. The circulating belt 14 may further consist of a substrate provided with an elastic layer, wherein the carrier material may also consist of a metal. The hardness of the metal can provide for a sufficiently thin elastic layer for a smoothing of the circumferential band 14 facing side of the paper or board web 2. The roughness of the elastic surface of the band 14 is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 microns. The then given smoothness of the elastic surface of the belt 14 may be reflected as smoothness on the paper or board web 2. The tape 14 has, for example, a heat-resistant surface coating, for example made of silicone. The heat-resistant coating provides high wear resistance and a smooth surface.

Die Vorbehandlungsstrecke des Behandlungsspalts 8 dient insbesondere auch einer Vorglättung der Bahn 2.The pretreatment path of the treatment gap 8 also serves, in particular, for pre-smoothing the web 2.

Das umlaufende Band 14 weist ferner vorzugsweise nur eine geringe Dehnung auf, die kleiner gleich 7 % beträgt. Die beim Einstellen der Bandspannung im Band 14 aufgrund von Zugspannung im Band 14 auftretende Dehnung stört dann das Glätten nicht. Das Band 14 besitzt mindestens die gleiche Breite wie die Bahn 2. Die Dicke des Bandes 14 hängt von deren Breite und Länge ab und kann zwischen 4 und 20 mm betragen.The circulating belt 14 further preferably has only a small elongation which is less than or equal to 7%. The strain occurring when adjusting the belt tension in the belt 14 due to tension in the belt 14 then does not disturb the smoothing. The band 14 has at least the same width as the web 2. The thickness of the band 14 depends on its width and length and may be between 4 and 20 mm.

Mindestens eine der Leitwalzen 12 weist eine Einrichtung 16 zum wählbaren Spannen des Bandes 14 auf. Die Leitwalze 12 zum Spannen des Bandes 14 ist jeweils endseitig mittels einer Führung 18 verschiebbar bzw. schwenkbar gelagert. Fig. 2 zeigt als Führung 18 ein Hebelsystem. Auf das Hebelsystem wirkt ein Antriebselement 20, dem eine nicht dargestellte Wegmesseinrichtung zugeordnet ist.At least one of the guide rollers 12 has a device 16 for selectively tensioning the belt 14. The guide roller 12 for tensioning the belt 14 is in each case displaceably or pivotably mounted on the end by means of a guide 18. Fig. 2 shows as a guide 18 a lever system. On the lever system acts a drive element 20, which is associated with a not shown path measuring device.

Mindestens eine der Leitwalzen 11, 13 kann als Anpresswalze ausgebildet sein, die die Bahn 14 im Behandlungsspalt 8 entlang eines Abschnitts in Laufrichtung L durch zusätzliche radiale Druckbelastung presst. Eine Leitwalze 11, 13 ist vorzugsweise ein- und/oder auslaufseitig des Behandlungsspalts 8 als Anpresswalze ausgebildet. Die radiale Druckbelastung kann dabei einlaufseitig niedriger eingestellt sein als auslaufseitig oder umgekehrt. Eine solche Anpresswalze kann eine Biegeeinstellwalze sein.At least one of the guide rollers 11, 13 may be formed as a pressure roller, which presses the web 14 in the treatment gap 8 along a portion in the direction L by additional radial pressure load. A guide roll 11, 13 is preferably formed on the inlet and / or outlet side of the treatment gap 8 as a pressure roller. The radial pressure load can be set lower on the inlet side than the outlet side or vice versa. Such a pressure roller may be a Biegeeinstellwalze.

Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 zeigen einen Kalander 1, bei dem das Band 14 die beheizbare harte Walze 4 mehr als 180° umschlingt. Bevorzugt liegt der Grad 15 der Umschlingung bei Werten zwischen 90° und 270°, wobei besonders bevorzugt sind die Werte größer gleich 120°. Das umlaufende, endlose Band 14, das auch als Belt bezeichnet wird, wird durch drei Leitwalzen 11, 12, 13 in einer Schleife um die beheizbare Walze 4 geführt. Das Band 14 wird hier durch die Leitwalze 12 gespannt. Durch diese Spannung wird der Anpressdruck des Bandes 14 an die Bahn 2 bestimmt. Eine höhere Spannung des Bandes 14 hat auch einen höheren Anpressdruck der Bahn 2 zur Folge und begünstigt die Einebnung der Bahnoberfläche, d.h. die Vorglättung. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a calender 1, in which the band 14, the heatable hard roll 4 wraps more than 180 °. Preferably, the degree 15 of the wrap is at values between 90 ° and 270 °, with the values greater than or equal to 120 ° being particularly preferred. The circulating, endless belt 14, which is also referred to as belt, is guided by three guide rollers 11, 12, 13 in a loop around the heatable roller 4. The belt 14 is tensioned here by the guide roller 12. By this voltage, the contact pressure of the belt 14 is determined to the web 2. A higher tension of the belt 14 also results in a higher contact pressure of the web 2 and favors the leveling of the web surface, ie the pre-smoothing.

Die in dem Behandlungsspalt 8 konditionierte Bahn 2 wird in einem direkt folgenden und mit der gleichen beheizbaren Walze 4 ausgebildeten Nip 3 anschließend endgeglättet. Die Linienlast im Nip 3 ist an die zu erzielenden Glätteffekte anpassbar. Mittlere Druckspannungen mit Papier oder Karton im Nip 3 von 2 N/mm2 bis 55 N/mm2 sind einstellbar. Die Druckspannungen im unteren Bereich des genannten Bereichs dienen der Dickenkorrektur bei Karton. Die Druckspannungen im oberen Bereich des genannten Bereichs ermöglichen die Glättung hochwertiger Papiere, wie z.B. SC-, LWC- und MWC-Papiere oder holzfreier gestrichener Papiere. Durch eine direkte Anpressung der beiden Walzen, ohne dass ein Band 14 zwischen diesen beiden Walzen 4, 5 geführt ist, ist eine exakte Profilregelung möglich. Eventuell vorhandene Dickenunterschiede des Bandes 14 aufgrund von Fertigungstoleranzen oder thermischer Ausdehnung wirken sich auf das Glättergebnis nicht aus.The path 2 conditioned in the treatment gap 8 is then finally finished in a nip 3 immediately following and formed with the same heatable roller 4. The line load in nip 3 can be adapted to the smoothness effects to be achieved. Medium compressive stresses with paper or cardboard in the nip 3 of 2 N / mm 2 to 55 N / mm 2 are adjustable. The compressive stresses in the lower area of said area are used for thickness correction in cardboard. The compressive stresses in the upper area of said range allow the smoothing of high-quality papers, such as SC, LWC and MWC papers or wood-free coated papers. By a direct contact pressure of the two rollers, without a belt 14 between these two rollers 4, 5 is guided, an exact profile control is possible. Any existing differences in thickness of the belt 14 due to manufacturing tolerances or thermal expansion do not affect the smoothing result.

Da die Temperatur der beheizten Walze 4 und die Länge der unter dem Band 14 gebildeten Behandlungsstrecke so eingestellt werden, dass im Wesentlichen nur der oberflächennahe Bereich der Bahn 2 erwärmt wird, entsteht eine Konditionierstrecke, bei der das Innere der Bahn 2 unterhalb der Plastifizierungs- bzw. Glasumwandlungstemperatur verbleibt. Dadurch ist eine volumenschonende Glättung möglich. Die Dicke der oberflächennahen Schicht der Bahn 2, die über die Plastifizierungstemperatur gebracht wird, beträgt das Mehrfache der größten Unebenheiten der Papier- oder Kartonbahnoberfläche. Die Dicke der aufzuheizenden Schicht ist somit abhängig von der Rauigkeit der zu behandelnden Bahn 2. Die Länge des Behandlungsspalts 8 und die Geschwindigkeit der Bahn 2 in Laufrichtung L bestimmen die Verweilzeit der Bahn 2 im Behandlungsspalt 8 und somit auch die Eindringtiefe der Wärme in die Bahn 2 und die Schichtdicke, die auf eine Verformungstemperatur erwärmt wird.Since the temperature of the heated roller 4 and the length of the treatment section formed under the belt 14 are adjusted so that substantially only the area near the surface of the web 2 is heated, a conditioning line is formed. in which the interior of the web 2 remains below the plastication or glass transition temperature. As a result, a volume-smoothing smoothing is possible. The thickness of the near-surface layer of the web 2, which is brought above the plasticizing temperature, is several times the largest unevenness of the paper or board web surface. The thickness of the layer to be heated is thus dependent on the roughness of the web 2 to be treated. The length of the treatment gap 8 and the speed of the web 2 in the direction L determine the residence time of the web 2 in the treatment gap 8 and thus also the penetration depth of the heat into the web 2 and the layer thickness which is heated to a deformation temperature.

Die mit der Bahn 2 in der Grenzschicht mitgeführte Umgebungsluft verschlechtert den Wärmeübergang von der beheizten Walze 4 an die Bahn 2. Eine wesentliche Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangs wird durch eine Entfernung der Grenzschicht erzielt. Dies kann beispielsweise durch eine Kontaktstrecke für einen anhaftenden Kontakt zwischen der Außenwand der beheizbaren Walze 4 und der Oberfläche der Papier- oder Kartonbahn 2 einlaufseitig vor der Bahnbehandlungseinrichtung 7 geschehen. Geeignet ist ferner das Andrücken einer Leitwalze 11 gegen die beheizte Walze 4. Durch diese Maßnahmen kann die störende Grenzschicht entgegen der Laufrichtung der Bahn 2 verdrängt und der Wärmeübergang im Behandlungsspalt 8 weiter gesteigert werden.The ambient air entrained with the web 2 in the boundary layer degrades the heat transfer from the heated roll 4 to the web 2. Substantial improvement in heat transfer is achieved by removal of the boundary layer. This can be done, for example, by a contact path for an adhesive contact between the outer wall of the heatable roller 4 and the surface of the paper or board web 2 upstream of the web treatment device 7. Also suitable is the pressing of a guide roller 11 against the heated roller 4. By these measures, the interfering boundary layer displaced against the direction of the web 2 and the heat transfer in the treatment gap 8 can be further increased.

Der Kalander 1 kann online oder offline betrieben werden. Der Kalander 1 ermöglicht, der Oberfläche der Bahn 2 eine hohe Glätte zu verleihen, wobei das umlaufende Band 14 mechanisch oder thermisch niedrig beansprucht ist.The calender 1 can be operated online or offline. The calender 1 makes it possible to give the surface of the web 2 a high smoothness, wherein the circulating belt 14 is mechanically or thermally stressed low.

Gemäß einem nicht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel können für einen Geradlauf des Bandes die beidseitigen Führungen einer Steuerwalze über eine quer zur Laufrichtung des Bandes vorgesehene Sensoreinrichtung gesteuert zueinander ausrichtbar sein. Die Sensoreinrichtung erkennt die Position des Bandes 14 zur Mitte der beheizbaren Walze 4.According to an embodiment not shown, for a straight running of the belt, the two-sided guides a control roller via a transversely to the direction of the belt provided sensor means controlled to each other can be aligned. The sensor device detects the position of the belt 14 toward the center of the heatable roller 4.

Claims (12)

Kalander (1) zum Glätten einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn (2) mit mindestens einem Nip (3), der zwischen einer beheizbaren Walze (4) und einem Gegenelement (5) gebildet ist, einer Einrichtung (6) zum Erzeugen eines vorbestimmten Drucks im Nip (3) und einer dem Nip (3) vorgeordneten Bahnbehandlungseinrichtung (7) mit zwei einen Behandlungsspalt (8) bildenden Kontaktflächen (9, 10), von denen eine eine Kontaktfläche (9) ist, die durch ein an Leitwalzen (11, 12, 13) umlaufendes Band (14) gebildet ist, die andere Kontaktfläche (10) von der Außenwand der beheizbaren Walze (4) gebildet ist und der Behandlungsspalt (8) sich entlang eines Grades (15) der Umschlingung der beheizbaren Walze (4) erstreckt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erhöhung des thermischen Wirkungsgrades der Wärmeübertragung das umlaufende Band (14) mit einer elastischen Oberfläche die Papier- oder Kartonbahn (2) an die beheizbare Walze (4) presst, die Leitwalzen (11, 12, 13) Trumkräfte des umlaufenden Bandes (14) im Behandlungsspalt (8) steuern, und das Gegenelement (5) als harte Walze ausgebildet ist, die beheizt ist.Calender (1) for smoothing a paper or board web (2) with at least one nip (3) formed between a heatable roll (4) and a counter element (5), means (6) for generating a predetermined pressure in Nip (3) and a nip (3) upstream web treatment device (7) with two a treatment gap (8) forming contact surfaces (9, 10), one of which is a contact surface (9) by a at guide rollers (11, 12 , 13) circumferential band (14) is formed, the other contact surface (10) of the outer wall of the heatable roll (4) is formed and the treatment gap (8) along a degree (15) of the wrap of the heatable roll (4) , characterized in that to increase the thermal efficiency of the heat transfer, the circulating belt (14) with an elastic surface of the paper or board web (2) to the heatable roller (4) presses, the guide rollers (11, 12, 13) Trumkräfte of circulating belt (14) i m control treatment gap (8), and the counter-element (5) is designed as a hard roller, which is heated. Kalander (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das umlaufende Band (14) an der der Papier- oder Kartonbahn (2) zugewandten Seite eine elastische Oberfläche aufweist, die eine geschlossene Oberflächendecke besitzt.Calender (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the circumferential band (14) on the paper or board web (2) facing side has an elastic surface having a closed surface cover. Kalander (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das umlaufende Band (14) an der der Papier- oder Kartonbahn (2) zugewandten Seite eine elastische Oberfläche aufweist, die einen den Behandlungsspalt (8) begrenzenden thermischen Isolator bildet.Calender (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the circumferential band (14) on the paper or board web (2) facing side has an elastic surface which forms a treatment gap (8) delimiting thermal insulator. Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elastische Oberfläche aus einem Material mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit kleiner gleich 10 W/mK besteht.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elastic surface consists of a material having a thermal conductivity of less than 10 W / mK. Kalander (1) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elastische Oberfläche aus einem Werkstoff mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit kleiner gleich 1 W/mK besteht.Calender (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the elastic surface consists of a material having a thermal conductivity of less than 1 W / mK. Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Grad (15) der Umschlingung zum Verstellen der Länge des Behandlungsspalts (8) in Abhängigkeit einer Eindringtiefe der Wärme in die Papier- oder Kartonbahn (2) einstellbar ist.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the degree (15) of the loop for adjusting the length of the treatment gap (8) in dependence of a penetration depth of the heat in the paper or board web (2) is adjustable. Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das umlaufende Band (14) eine elastische Oberfläche aus einem Kunststoff mit einer Härte im Bereich von 50 Shore A bis 92 Shore D hat.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the circumferential band (14) has an elastic surface made of a plastic having a hardness in the range of 50 Shore A to 92 Shore D. Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Leitwalzen (11, 12, 13) eine Einrichtung (6) zum wählbaren Spannen des Bandes (14) aufweist.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the guide rollers (11, 12, 13) has means (6) for selectively tensioning the band (14). Kalander (1) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leitwalze (12) zum Spannen des Bandes (14) jeweils endseitig mittels einer Führung (18) verschiebbar oder schwenkbar gelagert ist.Calender (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the guide roller (12) for tensioning the band (14) is in each case displaceably or pivotally mounted at the end by means of a guide (18). Kalander (1) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für einen Geradlauf des Bandes (14) die Führungen (18) über eine quer zur Laufrichtung des Bandes (14) vorgesehene Sensoreinrichtung zueinander ausgleichbar sind.Calender (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that for a straight running of the belt (14) the guides (18) via a transversely to the direction of the belt (14) provided sensor means are compensated to each other. Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Leitwalze (11, 13) als Anpresswalze ausgebildet ist, die die Bahn im Behandlungsspalt (8) entlang eines Abschnitts in Durchlaufrichtung durch zusätzlichen radialen Druckeinsatz presst.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one guide roller (11, 13) is designed as a pressure roller which presses the web in the treatment gap (8) along a section in the direction of passage by additional radial pressure application. Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Kontaktstrecke für einen anhaftenden Kontakt zwischen der Außenwand der beheizbaren Walze (4) und der Oberfläche der Papier- oder Kartonbahn (2) der Bahnbehandlungseinrichtung (7) einlaufseitig vorgeordnet ist.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a contact section for an adhesive contact between the outer wall of the heatable roller (4) and the surface of the paper or board web (2) of the web treatment device (7) upstream upstream ,
EP10007055A 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Calender for treating a material web Not-in-force EP2278067B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09008507A EP2270280B1 (en) 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Calender for treating a material web

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09008507.7 Division 2009-06-30

Publications (2)

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EP2278067A1 true EP2278067A1 (en) 2011-01-26
EP2278067B1 EP2278067B1 (en) 2011-11-23

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EP09008507A Not-in-force EP2270280B1 (en) 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Calender for treating a material web
EP10007055A Not-in-force EP2278067B1 (en) 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Calender for treating a material web

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EP09008507A Not-in-force EP2270280B1 (en) 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Calender for treating a material web

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US (1) US8545677B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2270280B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2012531528A (en)
CN (2) CN102199894B (en)
AT (1) ATE534767T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2765126A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011000529A1 (en)

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CN102182037A (en) * 2011-05-07 2011-09-14 江苏国光重型机械有限公司 Wide-pressing area belt type calender
EP2584093A1 (en) 2011-10-20 2013-04-24 Metso Paper Inc. Arrangement in connection with a fiber web production line

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DE102011004730A1 (en) 2011-02-25 2012-08-30 Voith Patent Gmbh calender
DE102011085101A1 (en) 2011-10-24 2013-04-25 Voith Patent Gmbh Web treatment device
DE102015200380A1 (en) * 2015-01-14 2016-07-14 Voith Patent Gmbh Tape for a smoothing device, smoothing device and smoothing method
CN116534630B (en) * 2023-07-07 2023-09-08 新乡市腾飞纸业有限公司 Paper winding device

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EP1478805B1 (en) 2002-01-29 2008-03-26 Metso Paper, Inc. Method for drying a coated or uncoated fibrous web
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EP0141614A2 (en) 1983-10-24 1985-05-15 Black-Clawson International Limited Surface treatment of paper and paperboard
EP0886695B1 (en) * 1996-12-06 2002-05-22 Eduard Küsters Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Calender
WO2001071091A1 (en) * 2000-03-22 2001-09-27 Metso Paper, Inc. Multiple-nip calender and calendering arrangement
WO2001098585A1 (en) 2000-06-20 2001-12-27 Metso Paper, Inc. Calendering method especially for precalendering and a calender for implementing the method
EP1314821A2 (en) * 2001-11-24 2003-05-28 Voith Paper Patent GmbH Calender and method for smoothing a fibrous web
EP1478805B1 (en) 2002-01-29 2008-03-26 Metso Paper, Inc. Method for drying a coated or uncoated fibrous web
DE102007024581A1 (en) 2007-05-25 2008-11-27 Voith Patent Gmbh Calender, has two paper or cardboard web handling units with two contact surfaces and current paper or cardboard strip under pressure or temperature impact is processed between contact surfaces of each paper or cardboard web handling unit

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102182037A (en) * 2011-05-07 2011-09-14 江苏国光重型机械有限公司 Wide-pressing area belt type calender
CN102182037B (en) * 2011-05-07 2013-03-27 江苏国光重型机械有限公司 Wide-pressing area belt type calender
EP2584093A1 (en) 2011-10-20 2013-04-24 Metso Paper Inc. Arrangement in connection with a fiber web production line

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8545677B2 (en) 2013-10-01
EP2278067B1 (en) 2011-11-23
CN102099527A (en) 2011-06-15
ATE534767T1 (en) 2011-12-15
CA2765126A1 (en) 2011-01-06
EP2270280B1 (en) 2013-03-20
CN102199894A (en) 2011-09-28
WO2011000529A1 (en) 2011-01-06
CN102099527B (en) 2012-11-07
EP2270280A1 (en) 2011-01-05
CN102199894B (en) 2013-09-04
JP2012531528A (en) 2012-12-10
US20120090801A1 (en) 2012-04-19
WO2011000529A8 (en) 2011-04-21

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