EP2276321A1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2276321A1
EP2276321A1 EP09290572A EP09290572A EP2276321A1 EP 2276321 A1 EP2276321 A1 EP 2276321A1 EP 09290572 A EP09290572 A EP 09290572A EP 09290572 A EP09290572 A EP 09290572A EP 2276321 A1 EP2276321 A1 EP 2276321A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ptc
heat
heat exchanger
ptc element
conductor
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Application number
EP09290572A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2276321B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Dott
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Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS
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Behr France Rouffach SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 and an automotive air conditioning system.
  • Automotive air conditioning systems serve to heat and / or to cool the air to be supplied to the interior of a motor vehicle.
  • electric heaters are used to heat the air supplied to the interior.
  • the electric heater comprises a heat exchanger with a PTC element.
  • Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) elements are current-carrying materials that have electrical resistance and can conduct electricity better at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. Their electrical resistance thus increases with increasing temperature.
  • the PTC element is generally made of ceramic and is a PTC thermistor. This raises regardless of the boundary conditions - such. B. applied voltage, nominal resistance or air flow to the PTC element - a very uniform surface temperature PTC element. Overheating can be prevented as it z. B. could occur with a normal heat-emitting heating wire, since regardless of the boundary conditions always about the same resistance and thus a substantially identical electrical heating power is applied.
  • a heat exchanger comprises a PTC element, at least two electrical conductors by means of which electrical current is conducted through the PTC element and heat conducting elements, in particular corrugated fins or fins, by means of which the surface for heating the air increases and thus the heat from the PTC element the heat conducting element and the air is transferred.
  • the US 4,327,282 shows a heat exchanger with a PTC heating element.
  • Current is passed through the PTC heating element by means of contact plates and an insulating layer is arranged on the contact plates.
  • the components are held together by means of a U-shaped clip.
  • a heat generating element of a heater for air heating comprising at least one PTC element and voltage applied to opposite side surfaces of the PTC element electrical conductor tracks, wherein the two electrical conductors are surrounded on the outside by a non-electrically conductive insulating layer.
  • the DE 101 18 599 B4 shows an electric heater, in particular as additional heater of a vehicle, with at least one frame part for receiving at least a flat, openings for flow of heating air having grid-like PTC heating element with an elastic means for electrically contacting the PTC heating elements.
  • the device for electrical contacting of the PTC heating elements is designed as a U-shaped contact spring, the free leg of the PTC-Heizelementfeder springs and the same time provides for a tolerances compensating mechanical support of the PTC heating element relative to the frame part.
  • From the DE 103 33 451 A1 is a device for receiving ceramic heating elements in a heating device with an insulating frame and at least one held by this contact plate on which the heating elements can be placed known.
  • the contact plate and the frame are connected non-positively.
  • contact plates which are in electrical contact with the PTC elements are used directly.
  • the PTC elements are disc-shaped and for passing electrical current through the PTC elements, the contact plate is connected to the PTC element by adhesive bonding on two opposite sides of the PTC elements.
  • a corrugated fin part or a fin part is applied as a heat conducting element for the transmission of heat from the PTC elements to a fluid to be heated by means of gluing.
  • the Lamellenmaschine is ever an additional other Kantakiblech placed.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a heat exchanger and a motor vehicle air conditioning system in which the PTC elements can be electrically connected to as few components as possible and a small number of adhesive connections to a power source in order to reduce the manufacturing cost of the heat exchanger ,
  • the heat exchanger and the automotive air conditioning system should work reliably in operation.
  • a heat exchanger comprising at least one PTC element, at least two electrically conductively connected to the at least one PTC element conductor to conduct electrical current through the at least one PTC element and thereby the at least one PTC element heat, at least one heat conducting element for transmitting heat from the at least one PTC element to a fluid to be heated, and preferably at least one means for connecting the at least one PTC element, the at least two conductors and the at least one heat conducting element to each other, wherein at least one of at least two conductors is also a heat-conducting element.
  • One of the at least two conductors thus also functions as a heating element, i. H. one of the at least two conductors serves to transfer heat from the at least one PTC element to a fluid to be heated.
  • the at least one conductor is a component which is both a conductor and a heating element.
  • the surface of the at least one conductor which is also heat-conducting element, is larger than the surface of at least one PTC element, in particular larger than the surface of all PTC elements of the heat exchanger.
  • the surface of the at least one conductor, which is also a heat-conducting element is greater than 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 70 cm 2 .
  • the surface of the at least one conductor, which is also a heat-conducting element is 1.5, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 30 times larger than the surface of the at least one PTC element, in particular as the surface of all PTC elements of the heat exchanger.
  • a component thus serves both as a conductor and as a heat element, so that at least one component and at least one adhesive connection for connecting the components of the heat exchanger can be saved in the production of the heat exchanger.
  • all conductors that are in direct electrical contact with the at least one PTC element also Wärmieitiata.
  • the conductor can be connected, for example by means of a material connection, for.
  • a material connection for.
  • an adhesive connection be connected to the at least one PTC element, so that the electrical current is possibly also at least partially passed through the material of the cohesive connection.
  • the heat exchanger comprises two conductors, in particular only two conductors, which are in direct electrical contact with the at least one PTC element, which are also heat-conducting elements, this conductor may for example also be multi-part.
  • the at least one conductor which is also a heat-conducting element, is an identical component and / or the at least one conductor, which is also a heat-conducting element, is in direct electrical contact with the at least one PTC element.
  • the at least one PTC element is a planar component, wherein the planar component has two opposite surface sides, which have the respective largest surface side of the PTC element.
  • the PTC component plane is preferably parallel to these two surface sides.
  • the at least one PTC element is preferably a plate-shaped component which has a greater extent in a PTC component plane than perpendicular to the PTC component plane.
  • the extension perpendicular to the PTC component level of the at least one conductor which is also a heat-conducting element, is greater than the extent of the at least one PTC element perpendicular to the PTC component plane.
  • the conductor also serves as a heat conducting element and thus has to have a large surface area for the transmission of heat to the fluid to be heated. To achieve this large surface, it is necessary that the conductor and thus the heat element has a correspondingly large extent perpendicular to the PTC component level.
  • the expansion is expediently perpendicular to the PTC component plane of the at least one conductor, which is also a heat-conducting element, at least 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 or 20 times larger than the extension of the at least one PTC element perpendicular to the PTC component level.
  • At least one conductor in particular a corrugated fin part or a fin part, arranged, which are also heat-conducting elements.
  • the at least one conductor which is also a heat-conducting element, a corrugated fin part or a fin part and / or all conductors, which are also heat-conducting elements, are corrugated rib parts or fin parts.
  • At least one PTC element is fixed to a disc-shaped and / or strip-shaped and / or frame-like fastening part.
  • the fastening part is provided with at least one recess and in the at least one recess is ever at least one PTC element, in particular only one PTC element arranged.
  • the at least one PTC element is fixed to the fastening part by means of a non-positive and / or positive connection, in particular a detent and / or clip connection.
  • the at least one PTC element can thus be easily fixed to the fastening part without a cohesive connection, in particular an adhesive connection.
  • the extent or thickness of the fastening part perpendicular to the PTC component plane is smaller than the extent or thickness of the at least one PTC element, so that on at least two opposite surface sides of the at least one PTC element the at least one PTC element of each At least one conductor, in particular a corrugated fin part or a lamella part, is electrically contacted.
  • the disk-shaped and / or strip-shaped fastening part is aligned parallel to the PTC component plane of the at least one PTC element.
  • the thickness or the extent of the fastening part perpendicular to the PTC component plane is smaller than the extension or thickness of the at least one PTC element perpendicular to the PTC component plane.
  • the at least one PTC element is aligned within the recess to the effect that the at least one PTC element protrudes slightly on both sides of the fastening part.
  • a planar conductor in particular the corrugated fin part, can contact the at least one PTC element although the at least one PTC element is arranged in the at least one recess of the fastening part.
  • the heat exchanger comprises two contact sheets as conductors and / or the at least one conductor and / or the at least one heat-conducting element and / or the fastening part and / or at least one PTC element are positively and materially connected to each other, in particular by means of an adhesive bond and / or a frame.
  • the frame encloses at least partially outer or outermost components of the heat exchanger, so that so that the components or components of the heat exchanger are held together.
  • the electric heating device is designed according to a heat exchanger described in this application.
  • the motor vehicle air conditioning system comprises a refrigerant evaporator and / or a blower and / or a filter.
  • the heating of the air takes place exclusively by means of at least one electric heating device, in particular a heat exchanger described in this application with at least one PTC element.
  • the at least one heat-conducting element has a thermal conductivity of at least 1 W / mK, in particular at least 30 W / mK.
  • the fastening part has an electrical insulation of at least 1 kV / mm, in particular at least 25 kV / mm.
  • the fastening part has a dielectric strength of at least 1 kV perpendicular to a PTC component plane.
  • Fig. 1 shows an automotive air conditioning system 7.
  • an air conditioning housing 9 with a bottom wall 10 and an outlet opening 12 is a fan 8, a filter 13, a refrigerant evaporator 14 and an electric heater 15 arranged.
  • the air conditioning housing 9 thus forms a channel 18 for passing the air.
  • Walls 11 of the air conditioning housing 9 have on the inside a surface 19 which define the channel 18.
  • the air for the interior of a motor vehicle is passed by means of the blower 8 through the filter 13, the refrigerant evaporator 14 and the electric heater 15.
  • the motor vehicle air conditioning system 7 may also comprise a heat exchanger (not shown) through which the coolant of an internal combustion engine flows to heat the air.
  • a fastening part 17 which is formed like a frame and strip with a planar geometry is provided with recesses 20.
  • the at least partially made of plastic fastening part 17 has in the region of the recesses 20 a plurality of clip connections 21.
  • the clip connections 21 are partially also elastically deformable, so that it comes to a non-positive connection between the fastening part 17 and the PTC elements 1 due to a bias of the clip connections 21.
  • the outer edge of the PTC element 1 is shown by dashed lines. This is in Fig.
  • the PTC element 1 has a PTC component level 16. It is located in the illustration in Fig. 2 the dashed outer edge of the PTC element 1 shown in FIG Fig. 2 within the PTC component level 16. In Fig. 3 Furthermore, a straight line 25 is shown which is perpendicular to the PTC component plane 16. Furthermore, a PTC element 1 has two surface sides 22. The two surface sides 22 are parallel to the PTC component plane 16 and the two surface sides 22 each represent those sides of the PTC element 1 which have the largest surface respectively.
  • the thickness or the extent of the fastening part 17 in the direction of the straight line 25 is smaller than the thickness or expansion of the PTC elements 1 in the direction of the straight line 25 in an arrangement in the recess 20.
  • the thickness of the PTC elements 1 corresponds to the distance the two surface sides 22.
  • the clip connections 21 are designed such that the PTC elements 1 are fastened centrally within the fastening part 17, so that the PTC elements 1 slightly in the direction of the straight line 25 from the recesses 20 with respect to the remaining part of the fastening part 17 stand out.
  • the two contact plates 4, the two corrugated rib parts 5 and the fastening part 17 are layered or sandwiched one above the other ( 4 and 5 ).
  • Fig. 4 the entire heat exchanger 6 is partially shown and in Fig. 5 are the upper contact plate 4 and the upper Wellerippenteil 5 according to Fig. 4 not shown.
  • the two contact plates 4, the two corrugated rib parts 5 and the fastening part 17 with the PTC elements 1 in the recesses 20 are connected to each other by means of an adhesive connection, not shown.
  • the two contact plates 4 have at the ends plug 23 with electrical contact elements 24. At the contact elements 24, an unrepresented electrical mating connector can be inserted with an electrical contact element, not shown, so that the two contact plates 4 can be connected to a voltage source.
  • the introduced into a contact plate 4 current thus flows, for example, from in Fig. 4 shown upper contact plate 4, through the corrugated fin part 5 and then through the PTC elements 1, then through the lower corrugated fin part 5 and then out of the lower contact plate 4 through the lower contact plate 4 with the electrical contact element 24 out.
  • the corrugated ribs 5 can easily contact the PTC elements 1, because the PTC elements 1 slightly protruding from the recesses 20 with respect to the fastening part 17.
  • a component namely the corrugated fin part 5 serves both as a heat transfer element 2 for transferring heat from the PTC elements 1 to the air and as electrical conductors 3 to conduct electrical current through the PTC elements 1 and thereby the PTC elements 1 to heat.
  • This can be saved in an advantageous manner in the heat exchanger 6 components as well as adhesive joints.
  • the manufacturing cost of the heat exchanger 6 can be lowered and the reliability can thus be advantageously increased.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The exchanger (6) has two conductors (3) electrically conductively connected with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element for conducting electric current through the PTC element and for heating the PTC element. A heat transfer element (2) transfers the heat from the PTC element to a fluid to be heated. A connection unit connects the PTC element, the conductors and the heat transfer element with each other, where one of the conductors is formed as the heat transfer element. The PTC element is fixed in a disk-shaped or strip-shaped or frame-like fixing part (17).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmeübertrager gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 und eine Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage.The invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 and an automotive air conditioning system.

Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlagen dienen dazu, die dem Innenraum eines Kraftfahrzeuges zuzuführende Luft zu erwärmen und/oder zu kühlen. In Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlagen werden elektrische Heizeinrichtungen eingesetzt, um die Luft zu erwärmen, welche dem Innenraum zugeführt wird. Die elektrische Heizeinrichtung umfasst einen Wärmeübertrager mit einem PTC-Element. PTC-Elemente (PTC: Positive Temperature Coefficient) sind Strom leitende Materialien, die einen elektrischen Widerstand aufweisen und bei tieferen Temperaturen den Strom besser leiten können als bei höheren Temperaturen. Ihr elektrischer Widerstand vergrößert sich somit bei steigender Temperatur. Das PTC-Element besteht im Allgemeinen aus Keramik und ist ein Kaltleiter. Dadurch stellt sich unabhängig von den Randbedingungen - wie z. B. angelegte Spannung, Nominalwiderstand oder Luftmenge an dem PTC-Element - eine sehr gleichmäßige Oberflächentemperatur am PTC-Element ein. Eine Überhitzung kann verhindert werden wie sie z. B. mit einem normalen Wärme abgebenden Heizdraht auftreten könnte, da hier unabhängig von den Randbedingungen immer ungefähr der gleiche Widerstand und dadurch eine im Wesentlichen identische elektrische Heizleistung aufgebracht wird.Automotive air conditioning systems serve to heat and / or to cool the air to be supplied to the interior of a motor vehicle. In automotive air conditioning systems, electric heaters are used to heat the air supplied to the interior. The electric heater comprises a heat exchanger with a PTC element. Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) elements are current-carrying materials that have electrical resistance and can conduct electricity better at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. Their electrical resistance thus increases with increasing temperature. The PTC element is generally made of ceramic and is a PTC thermistor. This raises regardless of the boundary conditions - such. B. applied voltage, nominal resistance or air flow to the PTC element - a very uniform surface temperature PTC element. Overheating can be prevented as it z. B. could occur with a normal heat-emitting heating wire, since regardless of the boundary conditions always about the same resistance and thus a substantially identical electrical heating power is applied.

Ein Wärmeübertrager umfasst ein PTC-Element, wenigstens zwei elektrische Leiter mittels denen elektrischer Strom durch das PTC-Element geleitet wird und Wärmeleitelemente, insbesondere Wellrippen oder Lamellen, mittels denen die Oberfläche zum Erwärmen der Luft vergrößert und somit die Wärme von dem PTC-Element auf das Wärmeleitelement und die Luft übertragen wird.A heat exchanger comprises a PTC element, at least two electrical conductors by means of which electrical current is conducted through the PTC element and heat conducting elements, in particular corrugated fins or fins, by means of which the surface for heating the air increases and thus the heat from the PTC element the heat conducting element and the air is transferred.

Die US 4 327 282 zeigt einen Wärmeübertrager mit einem PTC-Heizelement. Mittels Kontaktplatten wird Strom durch das PTC-Heizelement geleitet und an den Kontaktplatten ist eine Isolierschicht angeordnet. Die Komponenten werden mittels eines U-förmigen Clipses zusammengehalten.The US 4,327,282 shows a heat exchanger with a PTC heating element. Current is passed through the PTC heating element by means of contact plates and an insulating layer is arranged on the contact plates. The components are held together by means of a U-shaped clip.

Aus der EP 1 768 458 A1 ist ein Wärme erzeugendes Element einer Heizvorrichtung zur Lufterwärmung bekannt, umfassend wenigstens ein PTC-Element und an gegenüberliegenden Seitenflächen des PTC-Elementes anliegende elektrische Leiterbahnen, wobei die beiden elektrischen Leiterbahnen außenseitig von einer nicht elektrisch leitenden Isolierschicht umgeben sind.From the EP 1 768 458 A1 a heat generating element of a heater for air heating is known, comprising at least one PTC element and voltage applied to opposite side surfaces of the PTC element electrical conductor tracks, wherein the two electrical conductors are surrounded on the outside by a non-electrically conductive insulating layer.

Die DE 101 18 599 B4 zeigt eine elektrische Heizeinrichtung, insbesondere als Zusatzheizeinrichtung eines Fahrzeuges, mit wenigstens einem Rahmenteil zur Aufnahme wenigstens eines flächigen, Öffnungen für Durchströmung von Heizluft aufweisenden gitterförmigen PTC-Heizelementes mit einer elastischen Einrichtung zur elektrischen Kontaktierung der PTC-Heizelemente. Die Einrichtung zur elektrischen Kontaktierung der PTC-Heizelemente ist dabei als eine U-förmige Kontaktfeder ausgebildet, deren freier Schenkel der PTC-Heizelementfeder federn anliegt und der gleichzeitig für eine Toleranzen ausgleichende mechanische Halterung des PTC-Heizelementes gegenüber dem Rahmenteil sorgt.The DE 101 18 599 B4 shows an electric heater, in particular as additional heater of a vehicle, with at least one frame part for receiving at least a flat, openings for flow of heating air having grid-like PTC heating element with an elastic means for electrically contacting the PTC heating elements. The device for electrical contacting of the PTC heating elements is designed as a U-shaped contact spring, the free leg of the PTC-Heizelementfeder springs and the same time provides for a tolerances compensating mechanical support of the PTC heating element relative to the frame part.

Aus der DE 103 33 451 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme von Keramik-Heizelementen in einer Heizvorrichtung mit einem isolierenden Rahmen und mindestens einer durch diese gehaltene Kontaktplatte, auf der die Heizelemente auflegbar sind, bekannt. Die Kontaktplatte und der Rahmen sind kraftschlüssig verbunden.From the DE 103 33 451 A1 is a device for receiving ceramic heating elements in a heating device with an insulating frame and at least one held by this contact plate on which the heating elements can be placed known. The contact plate and the frame are connected non-positively.

Zur elektrischen Kontaktierung der PTC-Heizelemente mit einer Stromquelle werden unmittelbar mit den PTC-Elementen in elektrischen Kontakt stehende Kontaktbleche verwendet. Die PTC-Elemente sind dabei scheibenförmig und zum Durchleiten von elektrischem Strom durch die PTC-Elemente wird an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten der PTC-Elemente jeweils das Kontaktblech durch Kleben mit dem PTC-Element verbunden. Auf diesen beiden Kontaktblechen wird anschließend ein Wellrippenteil oder ein Lamellenteil als Wärmeleitelement zur Übertragung von Wärme von den PTC-Elementen auf ein zu erwärmendes Fluid mittels Kleben aufgebracht. An den beiden äußeren Enden der Wellrippenteile bzw. der Lamellenteile ist je ein zusätzliches anderes Kantakiblech aufgesetzt. Somit sind zur Herstellung des Wärmeübertragers sechs Klebeverbindungen erforderlich, jeweils zwischen den PTC-Elementen und den Kontaktblechen, zwischen den Kontaktblechen und den Wellrippenteilen und zwischen den Wellrippenteilen und den zusätzlichen Kontaktblechen am äußeren Ende der Wellrippenteile. Damit sind bei der Herstellung des Wärmeübertragers eine hohe Anzahl an Bauteilen und Klebeverbindungen erforderlich.For electrically contacting the PTC heating elements with a current source, contact plates which are in electrical contact with the PTC elements are used directly. The PTC elements are disc-shaped and for passing electrical current through the PTC elements, the contact plate is connected to the PTC element by adhesive bonding on two opposite sides of the PTC elements. On these two contact sheets then a corrugated fin part or a fin part is applied as a heat conducting element for the transmission of heat from the PTC elements to a fluid to be heated by means of gluing. At the two outer ends of the corrugated rib parts or the Lamellenteile is ever an additional other Kantakiblech placed. Thus, six adhesive bonds are required to make the heat exchanger, between the PTC elements and the contact sheets, between the contact sheets and the corrugated fin portions and between the corrugated fin portions and the additional contact sheets at the outer end of the corrugated fin portions. Thus, a high number of components and adhesive joints are required in the manufacture of the heat exchanger.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht deshalb darin, einen Wärmeübertrager und eine Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dem die PTC-Elemente mit möglichst wenig Bauteilen und einer geringen Anzahl an Klebeverbindungen mit einer Stromquelle elektrisch verbunden werden können, um die Herstellungskosten des Wärmeübertragers zu senken. Der Wärmeübertrager und die Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage sollen zuverlässig im Betrieb arbeiten.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a heat exchanger and a motor vehicle air conditioning system in which the PTC elements can be electrically connected to as few components as possible and a small number of adhesive connections to a power source in order to reduce the manufacturing cost of the heat exchanger , The heat exchanger and the automotive air conditioning system should work reliably in operation.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit einem Wärmeübertrager, umfassend wenigstens ein PTC-Element, wenigstens zwei mit dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element elektrisch leitend verbundene Leiter, um elektrischen Strom durch das wenigstens eine PTC-Element zu leiten und dadurch das wenigstens eine PTC-Element zu erwärmen, wenigstens ein Wärmeleitelement zur Übertragung von Wärme von dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element auf ein zu erwärmendes Fluid und vorzugsweise wenigstens ein Mittel zum Verbinden des wenigstens einen PTC-Elementes, der wenigstens zwei Leiter und des wenigstens einen Wärmeleitelementes miteinander, wobei wenigstens einer der wenigstens zwei Leiter auch ein Wärmeleitelement ist. Einer der wenigstens zwei Leiter fungiert damit auch als Wärmeieitelement, d. h. einer der wenigstens zwei Leiter dient zur Übertragung von Wärme von dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element auf ein zu erwärmendes Fluid. Dabei stellt der wenigstens eine Leiter ein Bauteil dar, das sowohl ein Leiter als auch ein Wärmeelement ist.This object is achieved with a heat exchanger comprising at least one PTC element, at least two electrically conductively connected to the at least one PTC element conductor to conduct electrical current through the at least one PTC element and thereby the at least one PTC element heat, at least one heat conducting element for transmitting heat from the at least one PTC element to a fluid to be heated, and preferably at least one means for connecting the at least one PTC element, the at least two conductors and the at least one heat conducting element to each other, wherein at least one of at least two conductors is also a heat-conducting element. One of the at least two conductors thus also functions as a heating element, i. H. one of the at least two conductors serves to transfer heat from the at least one PTC element to a fluid to be heated. In this case, the at least one conductor is a component which is both a conductor and a heating element.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist die Oberfläche des wenigstens einen Leiters, der auch Wärmeleitelement ist, größer als die Oberfläche wenigstens eines PTC-Elementes, insbesondere größer als die Oberfläche sämtlicher PTC-Elemente des Wärmeübertragers.In a further embodiment, the surface of the at least one conductor, which is also heat-conducting element, is larger than the surface of at least one PTC element, in particular larger than the surface of all PTC elements of the heat exchanger.

Vorzugsweise ist die Oberfläche des wenigstens einen Leiters, der auch Wärmeleitelement ist, größer als 0,5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 oder 70 cm2. In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist die Oberfläche des wenigstens einen Leiters, der auch ein Wärmeleitelement ist, um das 1,5-, 2- ,4-, 7-, 10-, 15-, 20- und 30-fache größer als die Oberfläche des wenigstens einen PTC-Elementes, insbesondere als die Oberfläche sämtlicher PTC-Elemente des Wärmeübertragers.Preferably, the surface of the at least one conductor, which is also a heat-conducting element, is greater than 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 70 cm 2 . In a further embodiment, the surface of the at least one conductor, which is also a heat-conducting element, is 1.5, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 30 times larger than the surface of the at least one PTC element, in particular as the surface of all PTC elements of the heat exchanger.

Ein Bauteil dient damit sowohl als Leiter als auch Wärmeelement, so dass damit bei der Herstellung des Wärmeübertragers wenigstens ein Bauteil und wenigstens eine Klebeverbindung zur Verbindung der Komponenten des Wärmeübertragers eingespart werden kann.A component thus serves both as a conductor and as a heat element, so that at least one component and at least one adhesive connection for connecting the components of the heat exchanger can be saved in the production of the heat exchanger.

Insbesondere sind sämtliche Leiter, die mit dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element in unmittelbaren elektrischen Kontakt stehen, auch Wärmeieitelemente. Bei einem unmittelbaren elektrischen Kontakt zwischen dem Leiter und dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element befindet sich zwischen dem Leiter und dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element kein zusätzlicher Leiter zum Leiten des elektrischen Stromes zu dem wenigstens einem PTC-Element. Bei einem unmittelbaren elektrischen Kontakt zwischen dem Leiter und dem PTC-Element kann der Leiter beispielsweise mittels einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung, z. B. einer Klebeverbindung, mit dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element verbunden sein, so dass der elektrische Strom möglicherweise auch wenigstens teilweise durch das Material der stoffschlüssigen Verbindung geleitet wird.In particular, all conductors that are in direct electrical contact with the at least one PTC element, also Wärmieitelemente. In the case of direct electrical contact between the conductor and the at least one PTC element, there is no additional conductor between the conductor and the at least one PTC element for conducting the electrical current to the at least one PTC element. In the case of direct electrical contact between the conductor and the PTC element, the conductor can be connected, for example by means of a material connection, for. Example, an adhesive connection, be connected to the at least one PTC element, so that the electrical current is possibly also at least partially passed through the material of the cohesive connection.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung umfasst der Wärmeübertrager zwei Leiter, insbesondere nur zwei Leiter, die mit dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element in unmittelbaren elektrischen Kontakt stehen, welche auch Wärmeleitelemente sind, wobei dieser Leiter beispielsweise auch mehrteilig sein kann.In a further embodiment, the heat exchanger comprises two conductors, in particular only two conductors, which are in direct electrical contact with the at least one PTC element, which are also heat-conducting elements, this conductor may for example also be multi-part.

In einer ergänzenden Ausführungsform ist der wenigstens eine Leiter, der auch ein Wärmeleitelement ist, ein identisches Bauteil und/oder es steht der wenigstens eine Leiter, der auch ein Wärmeleitelement ist, in unmittelbaren elektrischen Kontakt mit dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element.In an additional embodiment, the at least one conductor, which is also a heat-conducting element, is an identical component and / or the at least one conductor, which is also a heat-conducting element, is in direct electrical contact with the at least one PTC element.

Vorzugsweise ist das wenigstens eine PTC-Element ein ebenes Bauteil, wobei das ebene Bauteil zwei gegenüberliegende Oberflächenseiten aufweist, die die jeweils größte Oberflächenseite des PTC-Elementes aufweisen. Dabei ist vorzugsweise die PTC-Bauteilebene parallel zu diesen beiden Oberflächenseiten.Preferably, the at least one PTC element is a planar component, wherein the planar component has two opposite surface sides, which have the respective largest surface side of the PTC element. In this case, the PTC component plane is preferably parallel to these two surface sides.

Vorzugsweise ist das wenigstens eine PTC-Element ein plattenförmiges Bauteil, das in einer PTC-Bauteilebene ein größere Ausdehnung aufweist als senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene.The at least one PTC element is preferably a plate-shaped component which has a greater extent in a PTC component plane than perpendicular to the PTC component plane.

In einer Variante ist die Ausdehnung senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene des wenigstens einen Leiters, der auch ein Wärmeleitelement ist, größer als die Ausdehnung des wenigstens einen PTC-Elementes senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene. Der Leiter dient auch als Wärmeleitelement und muss somit eine große Oberfläche zur Übertragung von Wärme auf das zu erwärmende Fluid aufweisen. Um diese große Oberfläche zu erreichen, ist es erforderlich, dass der Leiter und damit auch das Wärmeelement eine entsprechend große Ausdehnung senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene aufweist.In one variant, the extension perpendicular to the PTC component level of the at least one conductor, which is also a heat-conducting element, is greater than the extent of the at least one PTC element perpendicular to the PTC component plane. The conductor also serves as a heat conducting element and thus has to have a large surface area for the transmission of heat to the fluid to be heated. To achieve this large surface, it is necessary that the conductor and thus the heat element has a correspondingly large extent perpendicular to the PTC component level.

Zweckmäßig ist die Ausdehnung senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene des wenigstens einen Leiters, der auch ein Wärmeleitelement, wenigstens um das 1,5-, 2-, 3, 5, 7-, 10-, 15- oder 20-fache größer ist als die Ausdehnung des wenigstens eine PTC-Elementes senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene.The expansion is expediently perpendicular to the PTC component plane of the at least one conductor, which is also a heat-conducting element, at least 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 or 20 times larger than the extension of the at least one PTC element perpendicular to the PTC component level.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind an zwei gegenüberliegenden Oberflächenseiten des wenigstens eine PTC-Elementes, die parallel zu der PTC-Bauteilebene sind, je wenigstens ein Leiter, insbesondere ein Wellrippenteil oder ein Lamellenteil, angeordnet, die auch Wärmeleitelemente sind.In a further embodiment, on two opposite surface sides of the at least one PTC element, which are parallel to the PTC component level, at least one conductor, in particular a corrugated fin part or a fin part, arranged, which are also heat-conducting elements.

Insbesondere ist der wenigstens eine Leiter, der auch ein Wärmeleitelement ist, ein Wellrippenteil oder ein Lamellenteil und/oder sämtliche Leiter, die auch Wärmeleitelemente sind, sind Wellrippenteile oder Lamellenteile.In particular, the at least one conductor, which is also a heat-conducting element, a corrugated fin part or a fin part and / or all conductors, which are also heat-conducting elements, are corrugated rib parts or fin parts.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist wenigstens ein PTC-Element an einem scheibenförmigen und/oder streifenförmigen und/oder rahmenartigen Befestigungsteil fixiert.In a further embodiment, at least one PTC element is fixed to a disc-shaped and / or strip-shaped and / or frame-like fastening part.

In einer ergänzenden Variante ist das Befestigungsteil mit wenigstens einer Ausnehmung versehen und in der wenigstens einen Ausnehmung ist je wenigstens ein PTC-Element, insbesondere nur je ein PTC-Element, angeordnet.In a supplementary variant, the fastening part is provided with at least one recess and in the at least one recess is ever at least one PTC element, in particular only one PTC element arranged.

In einer weiteren Variante ist das wenigstens eine PTC-Element mittels einer kraft- und/oder formschlüssigen Verbindung, insbesondere eine Rast- und/oder Clipsverbindung, an dem Befestigungsteil fixiert. Das wenigstens eine PTC-Element kann damit einfach an dem Befestigungsteil ohne eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung, insbesondere eine Klebeverbindung, fixiert werden.In a further variant, the at least one PTC element is fixed to the fastening part by means of a non-positive and / or positive connection, in particular a detent and / or clip connection. The at least one PTC element can thus be easily fixed to the fastening part without a cohesive connection, in particular an adhesive connection.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist die Ausdehnung oder Dicke des Befestigungsteiles senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene kleiner als die Ausdehnung oder Dicke des wenigstens eine PTC-Elementes, so dass an zwei gegenüberliegenden Oberflächenseiten des wenigstens einen PTC-Elementes das wenigstens eine PTC-Element von je wenigsten einem Leiter, insbesondere eines Wellrippenteiles oder eines Lamellenteiles, elektrisch kontaktierbar ist. Das scheibenförmige und/oder streifenförmige Befestigungsteil ist dabei parallel zu der PTC-Bauteilebene des wenigstens einen PTC-Elementes ausgerichtet. Die Dicke oder die Ausdehnung des Befestigungsteiles senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene ist kleiner als die Ausdehnung oder Dicke des wenigstens einen PTC-Elementes senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene. Das wenigstens eine PTC-Element ist dabei innerhalb der Ausnehmung dahingehend ausgerichtet, dass das wenigstens eine PTC-Element auf beiden Seiten des Befestigungsteiles geringfügig heraussteht. Dadurch kann ein ebener Leiter, insbesondere das Wellrippenteil, das wenigstens eine PTC-Element kontaktieren obwohl das wenigstens eine PTC-Element in der wenigstens einen Ausnehmung des Befestigungsteiles angeordnet ist.In a further refinement, the extent or thickness of the fastening part perpendicular to the PTC component plane is smaller than the extent or thickness of the at least one PTC element, so that on at least two opposite surface sides of the at least one PTC element the at least one PTC element of each At least one conductor, in particular a corrugated fin part or a lamella part, is electrically contacted. The disk-shaped and / or strip-shaped fastening part is aligned parallel to the PTC component plane of the at least one PTC element. The thickness or the extent of the fastening part perpendicular to the PTC component plane is smaller than the extension or thickness of the at least one PTC element perpendicular to the PTC component plane. The at least one PTC element is aligned within the recess to the effect that the at least one PTC element protrudes slightly on both sides of the fastening part. As a result, a planar conductor, in particular the corrugated fin part, can contact the at least one PTC element although the at least one PTC element is arranged in the at least one recess of the fastening part.

Insbesondere umfasst der Wärmeübertrager zwei Kontaktbleche als Leiter und/oder der wenigstens eine Leiter und/oder das wenigstens ein Wärmeleitelement und/oder das Befestigungsteil und/oder wenigstens ein PTC-Element sind form- und stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden, insbesondere mittels einer Klebeverbindung und/oder einem Rahmen. Bei einer Verbindung mittels des Rahmens umschließt der Rahmen wenigstens teilweise äußere oder die äußersten Bauteile des Wärmeübertragers, so dass damit die Bauteile bzw. Komponenten des Wärmeübertragers zusammengehalten sind.In particular, the heat exchanger comprises two contact sheets as conductors and / or the at least one conductor and / or the at least one heat-conducting element and / or the fastening part and / or at least one PTC element are positively and materially connected to each other, in particular by means of an adhesive bond and / or a frame. In a connection by means of the frame, the frame encloses at least partially outer or outermost components of the heat exchanger, so that so that the components or components of the heat exchanger are held together.

Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage, umfassend eine elektrische Heizeinrichtung, ist die elektrische Heizeinrichtung gemäß einem in dieser Anmeldung beschriebenen Wärmeübertrager ausgebildet.In an automotive air conditioning system according to the invention, comprising an electric heating device, the electric heating device is designed according to a heat exchanger described in this application.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung umfasst die Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage einen Kältemittelverdampfer und/oder ein Gebläse und/oder einen Filter.In a further embodiment, the motor vehicle air conditioning system comprises a refrigerant evaporator and / or a blower and / or a filter.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung erfolgt in der Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage das Erwärmen der Luft ausschließlich mittels wenigstens einer elektrischen Heizeinrichtung, insbesondere ein in dieser Anmeldung beschriebener Wärmeübertrager mit wenigstens einem PTC-Element.In a further refinement, in the motor vehicle air-conditioning system the heating of the air takes place exclusively by means of at least one electric heating device, in particular a heat exchanger described in this application with at least one PTC element.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist das wenigstens eine Wärmeleitelement eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von wenigstens 1 W/mK, insbesondere wenigstens 30 W/mK auf.In a further embodiment, the at least one heat-conducting element has a thermal conductivity of at least 1 W / mK, in particular at least 30 W / mK.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist das Befestigungsteil eine elektrische Isolation von wenigstens 1 kV/mm, insbesondere wenigstens 25 kV/mm auf.In a further embodiment, the fastening part has an electrical insulation of at least 1 kV / mm, in particular at least 25 kV / mm.

In einer Variante weist das Befestigungsteil senkrecht zu einer PTC-Bauteilebene eine Durchschlagfestigkeit von wenigstens 1 kV auf.In a variant, the fastening part has a dielectric strength of at least 1 kV perpendicular to a PTC component plane.

Im Nachfolgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen Querschnitt einer Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage,
Fig. 2
eine erste perspektivische Ansicht eines Befestigungsteils eines Wärmeübertragers,
Fig. 3
eine zweite perspektivische Ansicht des Befestigungsteils gemäß Fig. 2,
Fig. 4
eine Teilansicht des Wärmeübertragers und
Fig. 5
eine Teilansicht des Wärmeübertragers mit dem Befestigungsteil und nur einem Wärmeübertrager und nur einem Kontaktblech.
In the following, an embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
a cross section of an automotive air conditioning system,
Fig. 2
a first perspective view of a fastening part of a heat exchanger,
Fig. 3
a second perspective view of the fastening part according to Fig. 2 .
Fig. 4
a partial view of the heat exchanger and
Fig. 5
a partial view of the heat exchanger with the fastening part and only one heat exchanger and only one contact plate.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage 7. In einem Klimaanlagengehäuse 9 mit einer Bodenwandung 10 und einer Austrittsöffnung 12 ist ein Gebläse 8, ein Filter 13, ein Kältemittelverdampfer 14 und eine elektrische Heizeinrichtung 15 angeordnet. Das Klimaanlagengehäuse 9 bildet somit einen Kanal 18 zum Durchleiten der Luft. Wandungen 11 des Klimaanlagengehäuses 9 weisen an der Innenseite eine Oberfläche 19 auf, welche den Kanal 18 begrenzen. Die Luft für den Innenraum eines Kraftfahrzeuges wird mittels des Gebläses 8 durch den Filter 13, den Kältemittelverdampfer 14 sowie die elektrische Heizeinrichtung 15 geleitet. Optional kann die Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage 7 auch einen von Kühlmittel eines Verbrennungsmotors durchströmten Wärmetauscher (nicht dargestellt) aufweisen zum Erwärmen der Luft. Fig. 1 shows an automotive air conditioning system 7. In an air conditioning housing 9 with a bottom wall 10 and an outlet opening 12 is a fan 8, a filter 13, a refrigerant evaporator 14 and an electric heater 15 arranged. The air conditioning housing 9 thus forms a channel 18 for passing the air. Walls 11 of the air conditioning housing 9 have on the inside a surface 19 which define the channel 18. The air for the interior of a motor vehicle is passed by means of the blower 8 through the filter 13, the refrigerant evaporator 14 and the electric heater 15. Optionally, the motor vehicle air conditioning system 7 may also comprise a heat exchanger (not shown) through which the coolant of an internal combustion engine flows to heat the air.

In den Fig. 2 bis 5 ist die als Wärmeübertrager 6 ausgebildete elektrische Heizeinrichtung 15 der Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage 7 dargestellt. Der Wärmeübertrager 6 umfasst zwei als Kontaktbleche 4 ausgebildete Leiter 3, um elektrischen Strom durch PTC-Elemente 1 als elektrische Widerstandsheizelement durchleiten zu können, damit sich das PTC-Element 1 aufgrund des elektrischen Widerstandes erwärmt. Zwei als Wellrippenteile 5 ausgebildete Wärmeleitelemente 2 dienen sowohl der Übertragung von Wärme von den PTC-Elementen 1 auf das zu erwärmende Fluid, nämlich Luft, als auch dazu, elektrischen Strom durch die PTC-Elemente 1 zu leiten. Ein identisches Bauteil dient damit sowohl als Leiter 3 als auch als Wärmeleitelement 2, nämlich das Wellrippenteil 5. Die beiden Kontaktbleche 4 als auch die beiden Wellrippenteile 5 bestehen wenigstens teilweise aus Metall, insbesondere Aluminium. Die Wellrippenteile 5 und die beiden Kontaktbleche 4 weisen damit eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit als auch eine gute Stromleitfähigkeit auf.In the Fig. 2 to 5 is designed as a heat exchanger 6 electric heater 15 of the motor vehicle air conditioner 7 is shown. The heat exchanger 6 comprises two conductors 3 designed as contact plates 4 in order to be able to pass electrical current through PTC elements 1 as an electrical resistance heating element so that the PTC element 1 heats up due to the electrical resistance. Two heat-conducting elements 2 designed as corrugated rib portions 5 serve both to transfer heat from the PTC elements 1 to the fluid to be heated, namely air, and to conduct electrical current through the PTC elements 1. An identical component thus serves both as a conductor 3 and as a heat conducting element 2, namely the corrugated fin part 5. The two contact plates 4 and the two corrugated ribs 5 consist at least partially of metal, in particular aluminum. The corrugated rib parts 5 and the two contact plates 4 thus have a high thermal conductivity as well as a good current conductivity.

Ein Befestigungsteil 17 das rahmenartig und streifenförmig mit einer ebenen Geometrie ausgebildet ist, ist mit Ausnehmungen 20 versehen. Das wenigstens teilweise aus Kunststoff gefertigte Befestigungsteil 17 weist im Bereich der Ausnehmungen 20 mehrere Clipsverbindungen 21 auf. Mittels der Clipsverbindungen 21 können die PTC-Elemente 1 ohne eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung, insbesondere eine Klebeverbindung, an dem Befestigungsteil 17 kraft- und/oder formschlüssig befestigt werden. Dabei sind die Clipsverbindungen 21 teilweise auch elastisch verformbar, so dass es aufgrund einer Vorspannung der Clipsverbindungen 21 zu einer kraftschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen dem Befestigungsteil 17 und den PTC-Elementen 1 kommt. In Fig. 2 ist der äußere Rand des PTC-Elementes 1 strichliert dargestellt. Damit ist in Fig. 2 erkennbar, dass die Clipsverbindungen 1 beim Einbringen in die Ausnehmung 20 teilweise verformt werden und es somit zu der aufgeführten kraftschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen dem PTC-Element 1 und der Clipsverbindung 21 kommt. Das PTC-Element 1 weist eine PTC-Bauteilebene 16 auf. Dabei befindet sich in der Darstellung in Fig. 2 der strichliert dargestellte äußere Rand des PTC-Elementes 1 in Fig. 2 innerhalb der PTC-Bauteilebene 16. In Fig. 3 ist ferner eine Gerade 25 dargestellt, die senkrecht auf der PTC-Bauteilebene 16 steht. Ferner weist ein PTC-Element 1 zwei Oberflächenseiten 22 auf. Die beiden Oberflächenseiten 22 sind dabei parallel zu der PTC-Bauteilebene 16 und die beiden Oberflächenseiten 22 stellen jeweils diejenigen Seiten des PTC-Elementes 1 dar, die die größte Oberfläche jeweils aufweisen. Die Dicke oder die Ausdehnung des Befestigungsteiles 17 in Richtung der Geraden 25 ist dabei kleiner als die Dicke oder Ausdehnung der PTC-Elemente 1 in Richtung der Geraden 25 bei einer Anordnung in der Ausnehmung 20. Dabei entspricht die Dicke der PTC-Elemente 1 dem Abstand der beiden Oberflächenseiten 22. Die Clipsverbindungen 21 sind dabei dahingehend ausgebildet, dass die PTC-Elemente 1 zentrisch innerhalb des Befestigungsteiles 17 befestigt sind, so dass die PTC-Elemente 1 geringfügig in Richtung der Geraden 25 aus den Ausnehmungen 20 gegenüber dem übrigen Teil des Befestigungsteiles 17 herausstehen.A fastening part 17 which is formed like a frame and strip with a planar geometry is provided with recesses 20. The at least partially made of plastic fastening part 17 has in the region of the recesses 20 a plurality of clip connections 21. By means of the clip connections 21, the PTC elements 1 without a cohesive connection, in particular an adhesive bond, on the fastening part 17 are positively and / or positively secured. In this case, the clip connections 21 are partially also elastically deformable, so that it comes to a non-positive connection between the fastening part 17 and the PTC elements 1 due to a bias of the clip connections 21. In Fig. 2 the outer edge of the PTC element 1 is shown by dashed lines. This is in Fig. 2 recognizable that the clip connections 1 are partially deformed during insertion into the recess 20 and thus it comes to the listed non-positive connection between the PTC element 1 and the clip connection 21. The PTC element 1 has a PTC component level 16. It is located in the illustration in Fig. 2 the dashed outer edge of the PTC element 1 shown in FIG Fig. 2 within the PTC component level 16. In Fig. 3 Furthermore, a straight line 25 is shown which is perpendicular to the PTC component plane 16. Furthermore, a PTC element 1 has two surface sides 22. The two surface sides 22 are parallel to the PTC component plane 16 and the two surface sides 22 each represent those sides of the PTC element 1 which have the largest surface respectively. The thickness or the extent of the fastening part 17 in the direction of the straight line 25 is smaller than the thickness or expansion of the PTC elements 1 in the direction of the straight line 25 in an arrangement in the recess 20. In this case, the thickness of the PTC elements 1 corresponds to the distance the two surface sides 22. The clip connections 21 are designed such that the PTC elements 1 are fastened centrally within the fastening part 17, so that the PTC elements 1 slightly in the direction of the straight line 25 from the recesses 20 with respect to the remaining part of the fastening part 17 stand out.

Die beiden Kontaktbleche 4, die beiden Wellrippenteile 5 und das Befestigungsteil 17 sind schichten- oder sandwichartig übereinander angeordnet (Fig. 4 und 5). In Fig. 4 ist der gesamte Wärmeübertrager 6 teilweise dargestellt und in Fig. 5 sind das obere Kontaktblech 4 und das obere Wellerippenteil 5 gemäß Fig. 4 nicht dargestellt. Die beiden Kontaktbleche 4, die beiden Wellrippenteile 5 und das Befestigungsteil 17 mit den PTC-Elementen 1 in den Ausnehmungen 20 sind mittels einer nicht dargestellten Klebeverbindung miteinander verbunden. Die beiden Kontaktbleche 4 weisen an den Enden Stecker 23 mit elektrischen Kontaktelemente 24 auf. An den Kontaktelementen 24 kann ein nicht dargestellter elektrischer Gegenstecker mit einem nicht dargestellten elektrischen Kontaktelement eingeschoben werden, so dass die beiden Kontaktbleche 4 mit einer Spannungsquelle verbunden werden können. Der in ein Kontaktblech 4 eingeleitete Strom fließt damit beispielsweise vom in Fig. 4 dargestellten oberen Kontaktblech 4, durch das Wellrippenteil 5 und anschließend durch die PTC-Elemente 1, anschließend durch das untere Wellrippenteil 5 und dann aus dem unteren Kontaktblech 4 durch das untere Kontaktblech 4 mit dem elektrischen Kontaktelement 24 heraus. Die Wellrippenteile 5 können dabei problemlos die PTC-Elemente 1 kontaktieren, weil die PTC-Elemente 1 geringfügig aus den Ausnehmungen 20 bezüglich des Befestigungsteiles 17 hervorstehen.The two contact plates 4, the two corrugated rib parts 5 and the fastening part 17 are layered or sandwiched one above the other ( 4 and 5 ). In Fig. 4 the entire heat exchanger 6 is partially shown and in Fig. 5 are the upper contact plate 4 and the upper Wellerippenteil 5 according to Fig. 4 not shown. The two contact plates 4, the two corrugated rib parts 5 and the fastening part 17 with the PTC elements 1 in the recesses 20 are connected to each other by means of an adhesive connection, not shown. The two contact plates 4 have at the ends plug 23 with electrical contact elements 24. At the contact elements 24, an unrepresented electrical mating connector can be inserted with an electrical contact element, not shown, so that the two contact plates 4 can be connected to a voltage source. The introduced into a contact plate 4 current thus flows, for example, from in Fig. 4 shown upper contact plate 4, through the corrugated fin part 5 and then through the PTC elements 1, then through the lower corrugated fin part 5 and then out of the lower contact plate 4 through the lower contact plate 4 with the electrical contact element 24 out. The corrugated ribs 5 can easily contact the PTC elements 1, because the PTC elements 1 slightly protruding from the recesses 20 with respect to the fastening part 17.

Die Ausdehnung des Wellrippenteiles 5 in Richtung der Geraden 25 ist dabei wesentlich größer als die Ausdehnung oder die Dicke des PTC-Elementes 1. Ferner weist das Wellrippenteil 5 eine wesentlich größere Oberfläche als ein PTC-Element 1, insbesondere sämtliche PTC-Elemente 1, auf und auch eine wesentlich größere Oberfläche als das Kontaktblech 4. Die Wellrippenteile 5 dienen sowohl zum Durchleiten von Strom als auch zum Übertragen von Wärme von dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element 1 auf die Luft als zu erwärmendes Fluid. Die große Oberfläche und die große Ausdehnung in Richtung der Geraden 25 des Wellrippenteiles 5 ist erforderlich, damit im ausreichenden Maße Wärme von den PTC-Elementen 1 durch das Wellrippenteil 5 auf die Luft als zu erwärmendes Fluid übertragen werden kann. Innerhalb des Wärmeübertragers 5 sind ferner insgesamt nur vier Klebeverbindungen erforderlich. Nämlich je zwei Klebeverbindungen zwischen den Kontaktblechen 4 und den Wellrippenteilen 5 und zwischen den Wellrippenteilen 5 und den PTC-Elementen 1 bzw. dem Befestigungsteil 17.The extent of the corrugated rib portion 5 in the direction of the straight line 25 is substantially greater than the extent or the thickness of the PTC element 1. Further, the corrugated fin portion 5 has a much larger surface than a PTC element 1, in particular all PTC elements 1, on and also a much larger surface than the contact plate 4. The corrugated ribs 5 serve both for passing electricity and for transferring heat from the at least one PTC element 1 to the air as the fluid to be heated. The large surface and the large extent in the direction of the straight line 25 of the corrugated fin part 5 is required so that sufficient heat can be transferred from the PTC elements 1 through the corrugated fin part 5 to the air as the fluid to be heated. Within the heat exchanger 5 a total of only four adhesive joints are also required. Namely two adhesive joints between the contact plates 4 and the corrugated rib parts 5 and between the corrugated rib parts 5 and the PTC elements 1 and the fastening part 17th

Insgesamt betrachtet sind mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Wärmeübertrager 6 und der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage wesentliche Vorteile verbunden. Ein Bauteil, nämlich das Wellrippenteil 5, dient sowohl als Wärmeteiteiement 2 zur Übertragung von Wärme von den PTC-Elementen 1 auf die Luft als auch als elektrische Leiter 3, um elektrischen Strom durch die PTC-Elemente 1 zu leiten und dadurch die PTC-Elemente 1 zu erwärmen. Damit können in vorteilhafter Weise beim Wärmeübertrager 6 Bauteile als auch Klebeverbindungen eingespart werden. Die Herstellungskosten des Wärmeübertragers 6 können gesenkt und die Zuverlässigkeit kann damit in vorteilhafter Weise erhöht werden.Overall, significant advantages are associated with the heat exchanger 6 according to the invention and the motor vehicle air conditioning system according to the invention. A component, namely the corrugated fin part 5, serves both as a heat transfer element 2 for transferring heat from the PTC elements 1 to the air and as electrical conductors 3 to conduct electrical current through the PTC elements 1 and thereby the PTC elements 1 to heat. This can be saved in an advantageous manner in the heat exchanger 6 components as well as adhesive joints. The manufacturing cost of the heat exchanger 6 can be lowered and the reliability can thus be advantageously increased.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
PTC-ElementPTC element
22
Wärmeleitelementthermally conductive element
33
Leiterladder
44
Kontaktblechcontact sheet
55
WellrippentellWellrippentell
66
WärmeübertragerHeat exchanger
77
KraftfahrzeugklimaanlageAutomotive air conditioning system
88th
Gebläsefan
99
KlimaanlagengehäuseAir conditioning case
1010
Bodenwandungbottom wall
1111
Wandungwall
1212
Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
1313
Filterfilter
1414
KältemittelverdampferRefrigerant evaporator
1515
Elektrische HeizeinrichtungElectric heater
1616
PTC-BauteilebenePTC component level
1717
Befestigungsteilattachment portion
1818
Kanalchannel
1919
Oberflächesurface
2020
Ausnehmungrecess
2121
Clipsverbindungclip connection
2222
Oberflächenseite des PTC-ElementesSurface side of the PTC element
2323
Steckerplug
2424
Elektrisches KontaktelementElectrical contact element
2525
GeradeJust

Claims (15)

Wärmeübertrager (6), umfassend - wenigstens ein PTC-Element (1), - wenigstens zwei mit dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element (1) elektrisch leitend verbundene Leiter (3), um elektrischen Strom durch das wenigstens eine PTC-Element (1) zu leiten und dadurch das wenigstens eine PTC-Element (1) zu erwärmen, - wenigstens ein Wärmeleitelement (2) zur Übertragung von Wärme von dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element (1) auf ein zu erwärmendes Fluid und - vorzugsweise wenigstens ein Mittel zum Verbinden des wenigstens einen PTC-Elements (1), der wenigstens zwei Leiter (3) und des wenigstens einen Wärmeleitelementes (2) miteinander, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
wenigstens einer der wenigstens zwei Leiter (3) auch ein Wärmeleitelement (2) ist.Heat exchanger (6) comprising at least one PTC element (1), at least two conductors (3) electrically connected to the at least one PTC element (1) for conducting electrical current through the at least one PTC element (1) and thereby heating the at least one PTC element (1), - At least one heat conducting element (2) for transmitting heat from the at least one PTC element (1) to a fluid to be heated and preferably at least one means for connecting the at least one PTC element (1), the at least two conductors (3) and the at least one heat-conducting element (2) to one another, characterized in that
at least one of the at least two conductors (3) is also a heat-conducting element (2). Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sämtliche Leiter (3), die mit dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element (1) in unmittelbaren elektrischen Kontakt stehen, auch Wärmeleitelemente (2) sind.Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that all conductors (3) which are in direct electrical contact with the at least one PTC element (1) are also heat-conducting elements (2). Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmeübertrager (6) zwei Leiter (3), insbesondere nur zwei Leiter (3), umfasst, die mit dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element (1) in unmittelbaren elektrischen Kontakt stehen, welche auch Wärmeleitelemente (2) sind.Heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger (6) comprises two conductors (3), in particular only two conductors (3), which are in direct electrical contact with the at least one PTC element (1), which also heat conducting elements (2) are. Wärmeübertrager nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der wenigstens eine Leiter (3), der auch ein Wärmeleitelement (2) ist, ein identisches Bauteil ist und/oder der wenigstens eine Leiter (3), der auch ein Wärmeleitelement (2) ist, in unmittelbaren elektrischen Kontakt mit dem wenigstens einen PTC-Element (1) steht.Heat exchanger according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one conductor (3), which is also a heat-conducting element (2), is an identical component and / or the at least one conductor (3), which is also a heat-conducting element (3). 2) is in direct electrical contact with the at least one PTC element (1). Wärmeübertrager nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine PTC-Element (1) ein plattenförmiges Bauteil ist, das in einer PTC-Bauteilebene (16) ein größere Ausdehnung aufweist als senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene (16).Heat exchanger according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one PTC element (1) is a plate-shaped component which has a greater extent in a PTC component plane (16) than perpendicular to the PTC component plane (16). , Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausdehnung senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene (16) des wenigstens einen Leiters (3), der auch ein Wärmeleitelement (2) ist, größer ist als die Ausdehnung des wenigstens eine PTC-Elementes (1) senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene (16).Heat exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in that the extension perpendicular to the PTC component plane (16) of the at least one conductor (3), which is also a heat-conducting element (2), is greater than the extent of the at least one PTC element (1 ) perpendicular to the PTC component plane (16). Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausdehnung senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene (16) des wenigstens einen Leiters (3), der auch ein Wärmeleitelement (2) ist, wenigstens um das 1,5-, 2-, 3, 5, 7-, 10-, 15- oder 20-fache größer ist als die Ausdehnung des wenigstens einen PTC-Elementes (1) senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene (16).Heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that the extension perpendicular to the PTC component plane (16) of the at least one conductor (3), which is also a heat-conducting element (2), at least 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 or 20 times greater than the extent of the at least one PTC element (1) perpendicular to the PTC component plane (16). Wärmeübertrager nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an zwei gegenüberliegenden Oberflächenseiten (22) des wenigstens eine PTC-Elementes (1), die parallel zu der PTC-Bauteilebene (16) sind, je wenigstens ein Leiter (3), insbesondere ein Wellrippenteil (5) oder ein Lamellenteil, angerordnet ist, die auch Wärmeleitelemente (2) sind.Heat exchanger according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on at least two opposite surface sides (22) of the at least one PTC element (1) which are parallel to the PTC component plane (16), at least one conductor (3), in particular, a corrugated fin part (5) or a fin part, is arranged, which are also heat-conducting elements (2). Wärmeübertrager nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der wenigstens eine Leiter (3), der auch ein Wärmeleitelement (2) ist, ein Wellrippenteil (5) oder ein Lamellenteil ist und/oder sämtliche Leiter (3), die auch Wärmeleitelemente (2) sind, Wellrippenteile (5) oder Lamellenteile sind.Heat exchanger according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one conductor (3), which is also a heat-conducting element (2), a corrugated fin part (5) or a fin part and / or all conductors (3) which also Wärmeleitelemente (2) are corrugated rib parts (5) or Lamellenteile are. Wärmeübertrager nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein PTC-Element (1) an einem scheibenförmigen und/oder streifenförmigen und/oder rahmenartigen Befestigungsteil (17) fixiert ist.Heat exchanger according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one PTC element (1) is fixed to a disk-shaped and / or strip-shaped and / or frame-like fastening part (17). Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Befestigungsteil (17) mit wenigstens einer Ausnehmung (20) versehen ist und in der wenigstens einen Ausnehmung (20) je wenigstens ein PTC-Element (1) angeordnet ist.Heat exchanger according to claim 10, characterized in that the fastening part (17) with at least one recess (20) is provided and in the at least one recess (20) each at least one PTC element (1) is arranged. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine PTC-Element (1) mittels einer kraft- und/oder formschlüssigen Verbindung, insbesondere eine Rast- und/oder Clipsverbindung, an dem Befestigungsteil (17) fixiert ist.Heat exchanger according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the at least one PTC element (1) by means of a non-positive and / or positive connection, in particular a detent and / or clip connection, is fixed to the fastening part (17). Wärmeübertrager nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausdehnung oder Dicke des Befestigungsteiles (17) senkrecht zu der PTC-Bauteilebene (16) kleiner ist als die Ausdehnung oder Dicke des wenigstens eine PTC-Elementes (1), so dass an zwei gegenüberliegenden Oberflächenseiten (22) des wenigstens eine PTC-Elementes (1) das wenigstens eine PTC-Element (1) von je wenigsten einem Leiter (3), insbesondere eines Wellrippenteiles (5) oder eines Lamellenteiles, elektrisch kontaktierbar ist.Heat exchanger according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extension or thickness of the fastening part (17) perpendicular to the PTC component plane (16) is smaller than the extension or thickness of the at least one PTC element (1), so that on two opposite surface sides (22) of the at least one PTC element (1) at least one PTC element (1) of at least one conductor (3), in particular a corrugated rib part (5) or a lamella part, is electrically contacted. Wärmeübertrager nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmeübertrager (6) zwei Kontaktbleche (4) als Leiter (3) umfasst und/oder der wenigstens eine Leiter (3) und/oder das wenigstens ein Wärmeleitelement (2) und/oder das Befestigungsteil (17) und/oder wenigstens ein PTC-Element (1) form- und stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind, insbesondere mittels einer Klebeverbindung und/oder einem Rahmen.Heat exchanger according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat exchanger (6) comprises two contact sheets (4) as a conductor (3) and / or the at least one conductor (3) and / or the at least one heat conducting element (2) and / or the fastening part (17) and / or at least one PTC element (1) are positively and materially connected to each other, in particular by means of an adhesive bond and / or a frame. Kräftfahrzeugklimaanlage (7), umfassend eine elektrische Heizeinrichtung (15), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Heizeinrichtung (15) wenigstens einen Wärmeübertrager (6) gemäß einem oder mehrerer der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfasst.A force-applied vehicle air conditioning system (7), comprising an electric heating device (15), characterized in that the electric heating device (15) comprises at least one heat exchanger (6) according to one or more of the preceding claims.
EP09290572.8A 2009-07-17 2009-07-17 Heat exchanger Revoked EP2276321B1 (en)

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EP2607808A1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-26 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Heating element
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EP0575649A1 (en) * 1992-06-23 1993-12-29 David & Baader DBK Spezialfabrik elektrischer Apparate und Heizwiderstände GmbH Radiator
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