EP2474793B1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2474793B1
EP2474793B1 EP11290007.1A EP11290007A EP2474793B1 EP 2474793 B1 EP2474793 B1 EP 2474793B1 EP 11290007 A EP11290007 A EP 11290007A EP 2474793 B1 EP2474793 B1 EP 2474793B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
hose
heat
resistance heating
electrical resistance
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EP11290007.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2474793A1 (en
Inventor
Thierry Clauss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS
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Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS
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Priority to EP11290007.1A priority Critical patent/EP2474793B1/en
Publication of EP2474793A1 publication Critical patent/EP2474793A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 and an automotive air conditioning system according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • Automotive air conditioning systems serve to heat and / or to cool the air to be supplied to the interior of a motor vehicle.
  • heat exchangers are used as electrical heaters to heat the air supplied to the interior.
  • the electric heater includes PTC elements, PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) elements are current conducting materials that have electrical resistance and are capable of conducting the current better at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. Their electrical resistance thus increases with increasing temperature.
  • the PTC element is generally made of ceramic and is a PTC thermistor. This raises regardless of the boundary conditions - such. B. applied voltage, nominal resistance or air flow to the PTC element - a very uniform surface temperature at the PTC element. A Overheating can be prevented as they z. B. could occur with a normal heat-emitting heating wire, since regardless of the boundary conditions always about the same resistance and thus a substantially identical electrical heating power is applied.
  • the heat exchanger comprises PTC elements, at least two electrical conductors by means of which electrical current is conducted through the PTC element and heat conducting elements, in particular fins or corrugated fins, by means of which the surface for heating the air is increased.
  • motor vehicles are produced which have an exclusive electric drive or a hybrid drive.
  • Automotive air conditioning systems for these motor vehicles generally no longer have a heat exchanger for heating the air through which cooling fluid flows.
  • the entire heating power of the motor vehicle air conditioning system must therefore be applied by the electric heater or the PTC elements.
  • it is necessary to operate the PTC elements with high voltage for example, in the range of 50 to 600 volts instead of 12 volts low voltage.
  • High voltage in an automotive air conditioning system is a security problem because, for example, by a human touch of high voltage parts of the person from the high voltage health damage can be added.
  • the US 4,327,282 shows a heat exchanger with a PTC heating element.
  • Current is passed through the PTC heating element by means of contact plates and an insulating layer is arranged on the contact plates.
  • the components are held together by means of a U-shaped clip.
  • a heat generating element of a heating device for air heating comprising at least one PTC element and voltage applied to opposite side surfaces of the PTC element electrical conductor tracks, wherein the two electrical conductor tracks are surrounded on the outside by a non-electrically conductive insulating layer.
  • the European patent application with the application number 10290318.4 shows a generic heat exchanger.
  • a cavity is limited.
  • two conductors and at least one electrical resistance heating element are arranged.
  • the two conductors are electrically isolated from the tube, so that in addition to the tube as an additional component, the electrical insulating element is required.
  • the EP 0 333 906 A1 shows the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a heat exchanger and a motor vehicle air conditioning system in which a with electric current under high voltage, for. B. more than 50 V, operated heat exchanger without endangering the environment, especially people, can be operated and has a simple structure with few components.
  • the heat exchanger and the motor vehicle air conditioning should be inexpensive to manufacture and work reliably in operation.
  • a heat exchanger comprising at least one electrical resistance heating element, in particular at least one PTC element, at least two conductors electrically connected to the at least one electrical resistance heating element, in particular printed circuit boards, in order to conduct electrical current through the at least one electrical resistance heating element and thereby to heat the electrical resistance heating element, at least one electrical insulating element, which electrically isolates the at least two conductors, preferably of at least one heat conducting element, wherein the at least two conductors and the at least one electrical resistance heating element are arranged in at least one cavity defined by at least one cavity wall, wherein the at least one cavity wall is formed by the at least one electrical insulating element.
  • a tube or flat tube for forming the at least one cavity wall thus at the same time also forms the at least one electrical insulating element.
  • the at least one electrical insulating element is an elastic hose and the hose forms the fluid-tight, outer cavity wall as a pipe.
  • the tube in the form of a tube, in particular a flat tube, thus forms the cavity wall for limiting the cavity and additionally constitutes the electrical insulating element.
  • only one component, namely the tube is required to provide an electrical insulating element for the heat exchanger on the one hand and on the other hand to arrange the at least two conductors and the at least one electrical resistance heating element in the at least one cavity defined by the at least one cavity wall, because the tube or the walls of the tube form the cavity wall.
  • the hose represents an outermost fluid-tight cavity wall of the heat exchanger.
  • the tube is open at a first end and closed at another second end.
  • the tube is fluid-tight and has as an opening only the first open end.
  • the tube thus has only one opening at the first, in particular upper, end.
  • This one opening is preferably sealed fluid-tight with respect to the environment, for. B. with a sealing gel or silicone as a sealant, so that thereby the at least two conductors and the at least one electrical resistance heating fluid-tight, in particular liquid-tight, are sealed with respect to the environment and still sufficient thermal conductivity of the at least one electrical resistance heating element to the outside exists.
  • the tube is a shrink tube.
  • the electrical resistance heating elements are first connected in a materially bonded manner to the two conductors and thereby form a heating unit.
  • the heating unit is then inserted into the hose and then, by heating the hose, the hose shrinks onto the heating unit.
  • the hose has two broad side walls and two narrow side walls.
  • the hose is made of plastic with heat-conducting particles.
  • the heat-conductive particles consist of boron nitride and / or silicon carbide and / or metal oxides, for. As alumina or beryllium oxide.
  • the hose thus on the one hand has a sufficiently large thermal conductivity to dissipate the heat from the at least one electrical resistance heating in the environment of the hose for heating a fluid and on the other hand, the hose has a sufficiently high electrical insulation for the insulation of the current passed through the conductor as high voltage.
  • the at least two conductors and the at least one electrical resistance heating element are completely enclosed by the at least one electrical insulating element, in particular hose.
  • a contact plate or a power line is arranged on the at least two conductors and this is guided fluid-tightly through the opening at the first end of the hose, so that the two conductors and the at least one electrical resistance heating element are enclosed by the hose in a fluid-tight manner.
  • the contact plates or the power lines are guided in a fluid-tight manner through the opening at the first end of the hose. This is done by either shrinking the tube as a shrink tubing and thereby fluid-tightly enclosing the contact plates and the power leads from the shrunken shrink tubing, or sealing the opening at the first end of the tube with a sealant, e.g. As silicone or an elastic sealing paste, is sealed fluid-tight.
  • the at least one electrical resistance heating element is bonded to the at least two conductors in a material-locking manner, in particular by gluing.
  • the heat exchanger comprises at least one heat-conducting element, for.
  • a metal plate and / or corrugated ribs for transferring heat from the at least one electrical resistance heating element to a fluid to be heated.
  • the outer nickel pulp, z. B, a metal plate and / or corrugated fins divert the heat passed through the tube heat to the fluid to be heated, thereby increasing the surface of the heat exchanger.
  • the at least one heat-conducting element is firmly bonded to the at least one insulating element, in particular hose, z. B. with gluing, and / or non-positively, for. B. with at least one tension spring or clips connected.
  • a plurality of heat exchangers or heating registers are connected to one another by means of a clamping frame or a combination of a frame and a spring element and / or with a soldering and / or a welding and / or a gluing.
  • the heat exchanger are connected to each other or to the corrugated fins and / or the metal plates, z. B. non-positively with a clamping frame or a combination of a frame and a spring element or cohesively with a soldering and / or welding and / or bonding.
  • An automotive air conditioning system according to the invention comprises at least one heat exchanger described in this patent application
  • the at least one heat-conducting element has no direct contact with the at least one electrical resistance heating element.
  • the heat exchanger does not comprise a positioning frame for positioning the at least one electrical resistance heating element.
  • the at least one heat-conducting element in particular the corrugated fins and / or metal plate, at least partially, in particular completely, of metal, for example aluminum or steel, or plastic.
  • the heat exchanger has an IP protection class of 67, so that a sufficient waterproofness and dust tightness is present.
  • the corrugated ribs and by means of gluing and / or soldering and / or non-positively connected under bias with each other.
  • the at least one cavity wall and / or the at least one electrical insulating element, in particular the tube has a thermal conductivity of at least 1 W / mK, in particular at least 15 W / mK.
  • the at least one cavity wall and / or the at least one electrical insulating element, in particular the tube has an electrical insulation of at least 1 kV / mm, in particular at least 5, 15 or 25 kV / mm.
  • the at least one cavity wall and / or the at least one electrical insulating element, in particular the tube has a dielectric strength of at least 1 kV.
  • Fig. 1 shows an automotive air conditioning 24.
  • an air conditioning housing 26 having a bottom wall 27 and an outlet portion 29 is a Blower 25, an air filter 30, a refrigerant evaporator 31 and a heat exchanger 1 are arranged as an electric heater.
  • the air conditioning housing 26 thus forms a channel 35 for passing the air.
  • Housing walls 28 of the air conditioning housing 26 have on the inside a surface 36 which define the channel 35.
  • the air for the interior of a motor vehicle is passed by means of the blower 25 through the air filter 30, the refrigerant evaporator 31 and the heat exchanger 1.
  • the automotive air conditioning system 24 is thus not provided with a heat exchanger through which coolant flows for heating the air conducted through the motor vehicle installation 24.
  • the air conducted by the motor vehicle air conditioning system 24 is electrically heated exclusively by means of the heat exchanger 1.
  • the motor vehicle air conditioning system 24 is preferably used in a motor vehicle with exclusively electric drive or with a hybrid drive (not shown).
  • a tube 8 as a flat tube 13 or tube 18 has two broad side walls 20 and two narrow side walls 21.
  • the width and narrow side walls 20, 21 in this case constitute cavity walls 17 which form a cavity 19 (FIG. Fig. 9 ) within the tube 18.
  • the tube 8 also forms an electrical insulating element 22.
  • the tube 8 consists of elastic silicone with heat-conducting particles.
  • On the two rectangular broad side walls 20 of the tube 8 are two conductors 4, namely a first circuit board 6 and a second circuit board 7, on. Between the two circuit boards 6, 7 three PTC elements 3 designed as electrical resistance heating elements 2 are arranged. The PTC elements 3 are connected to the two printed circuit boards 6, 7 with adhesive cohesively.
  • an electrical contact plate 5 is formed in each case ( Fig. 2 and 3 ).
  • the cavity 19 enclosed by the cavity walls 17 of the flat tube 13 is a void in the area of the narrow side walls 21, ie in the void space only air ( Fig. 9 ).
  • the two printed circuit boards 6, 7 with the interposed three PTC elements 3 due to the electrical insulation of the hose 8 are electrically isolated.
  • the electrical contacting of the two circuit boards 6, 7 takes place by means of not shown electrical lines to the contact plates 5.
  • the two circuit boards 6, 7 with the three PTC elements 3 thereby constitute a heating unit 10. Together with the tube 8, these form a heating register. 9 or the heat exchanger 1.
  • Several heater 9 as shown in FIG Fig. 2 . 3 . 4 and 6 can also be connected to a heat exchanger 1 with a larger number of heating registers 9 to each other.
  • the net height H N of the heat exchanger 1 as shown in FIG Fig. 3 is about 50 to 300 mm, preferably 100 to 200 mm and the mesh width B N is about 50 to 300 mm, preferably 100 to 200 mm.
  • the transverse division Q ie the distance between the hoses 8 as flat tubes 13 as shown in FIG Fig. 4 , is in this case between 5 and 30 mm, preferably 9 to 18 mm and the overall depth T N as shown in FIG Fig. 8 is 6 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 40 mm.
  • the thickness of the printed circuit boards 6, 7 is 0.2 to 1.5 mm and the width of the tube 18 is 2 to 10 mm.
  • the thickness of the PTC elements 3 is in the range between 0.8 to 3 mm.
  • corrugated fins 12 are arranged as banksleitium 11 ( Fig. 2 to 6 ).
  • the corrugated fins 12 serve to enlarge the surface of the heat exchanger 1, in order to better release the heat emitted by the PTC elements 3 to the air, which flows through the heat exchanger 1.
  • the hoses 8 represent heat-conducting elements 11, because they have a high thermal conductivity.
  • the tubes 8 as heat shrink tubes 32 have a first upper end 14 and a second lower end 15.
  • the tube 8 is closed fluid-tight at the lower second end 15 and has an opening 23 at the first upper end 14 (FIG. Fig. 5 ).
  • the opening 23 is in this case by a sealing means, not shown, for.
  • a sealing means not shown, for.
  • the metal plates 38 are adhesively bonded with adhesive on the broad side walls 20 of the shrink tube 8.
  • the PTC elements 3 are - as already described - adhered to the conductor 4 cohesively with adhesive and the two conductors 4 are glued to the inner sides of the two wide side walls 20 of the tube 8.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross section of the heat exchanger 1 is shown in a first embodiment.
  • U-shaped metal plates 39 are outside of the wide side walls 20 of the tube arranged.
  • the U-shaped metal plates 39 do not enclose the tube 8 in a fluid-tight manner and serve as in the third exemplary embodiment Fig. 9 as a support for the corrugated fins 12.
  • the PTC elements 3 and the conductor 4 and the tube 8 are analogous to the third embodiment according to Fig. 9 adhesively bonded together with adhesive.
  • the U-shaped metal plates 39 are firmly bonded to the hose 8 with adhesive or non-positively.
  • the U-shaped metal plates 39 may be connected to one another either by means of adhesive, or by welding or clipping together at the ends.
  • the two U-shaped metal plates 39 are formed with a different geometry.
  • Fig. 8 a second embodiment of the heat exchanger 1 is shown.
  • the two U-shaped metal plates 39 are not formed with a different geometry, but have an identical shape.
  • a fourth embodiment of the heat exchanger 1 is described.
  • a compressive force is applied by a tension spring 40, so that the two metal plates 34, the tube 8, the two conductors 4 and the PTC elements 3 as electrical resistance heating 2 due to the bias under pressure force are positively connected.
  • This in Fig. 11 illustrated fifth embodiment of the heat exchanger 1 differs from the fourth embodiment according to Fig. 10 only in that two tension springs 40 apply a compressive force on the two metal plates 34.
  • the tube 8 encloses the cavity 19 and within the cavity 19, the two conductors 4 and the PTC elements 3 are enclosed by the tube 8 in a fluid-tight manner.
  • the tube 8 in the form of a tube 18, in particular flat tube 13, thus on the one hand forms the cavity 19 for receiving the PTC elements 3 and the conductor 4 and additionally allows electrical insulation of the PTC elements 3 and the conductor 4 as an electrical insulating element 22
  • components can be saved in the production of the heat exchanger 1 and due to the material properties of the hose 8, this also has a sufficient electrical insulation at a sufficiently high thermal conductivity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmeübertrager gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 und eine Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 11.The invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 and an automotive air conditioning system according to the preamble of claim 11.

Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlagen dienen dazu, die dem Innenraum eines Kraftfahrzeuges zuzuführende Luft zu erwärmen und/oder zu kühlen. In Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlagen werden Wärmeübertrager als elektrische Heizeinrichtungen eingesetzt, um die Luft zu erwärmen, welche dem Innenraum zugeführt wird. Die elektrische Heizeinrichtung umfasst PTC-Elernente, PTC-Elemente (PTC: Positive Temperature Coefficient) sind Strom leitende Materialien, die einen elektrischen Widerstand aufweisen und bei tieferen Temperaturen den Strom besser leiten können als bei höheren Temperaturen. Ihr elektrischer Widerstand vergrößert sich somit bei steigender Temperatur. Das PTC-Element besteht im Allgemeinen aus Keramik und ist ein Kaltleiter. Dadurch stellt sich unabhängig von den Randbedingungen - wie z. B. angelegte Spannung, Nominalwiderstand oder Luftmenge an dem PTC-Element - eine sehr gleichmäßige Oberflächentemperatur am PTC-Element ein. Eine Überhitzung kann verhindert werden wie sie z. B. mit einem normalen Wärme abgebenden Heizdraht auftreten könnte, da hier unabhängig von den Randbedingungen immer ungefähr der gleiche Widerstand und dadurch eine im Wesentlichen identische elektrische Heizleistung aufgebracht wird.Automotive air conditioning systems serve to heat and / or to cool the air to be supplied to the interior of a motor vehicle. In automotive air conditioning systems, heat exchangers are used as electrical heaters to heat the air supplied to the interior. The electric heater includes PTC elements, PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) elements are current conducting materials that have electrical resistance and are capable of conducting the current better at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. Their electrical resistance thus increases with increasing temperature. The PTC element is generally made of ceramic and is a PTC thermistor. This raises regardless of the boundary conditions - such. B. applied voltage, nominal resistance or air flow to the PTC element - a very uniform surface temperature at the PTC element. A Overheating can be prevented as they z. B. could occur with a normal heat-emitting heating wire, since regardless of the boundary conditions always about the same resistance and thus a substantially identical electrical heating power is applied.

Der Wärmeübertragern umfasst PTC-Elemente, wenigstens zwei elektrische Leiter mittels denen elektrischer Strom durch das PTC-Element geleitet wird und Wärmeleitelemente, insbesondere Lamellen bzw. Wellrippen, mittels denen die Oberfläche zum Erwärmen der Luft vergrößert wird. In zunehmendem Maße werden Kraftfahrzeuge hergestellt, welche über einen ausschließlichen elektrischen Antrieb oder über einen Hybridantrieb verfügen. Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlagen für diese Kraftfahrzeuge verfügen im Allgemeinen nicht mehr über einen Wärmeaustauscher zum Erwärmen der Luft, der von Kühlflüssigkeit durchströmt wird. Die gesamte Heizleistung der Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage muss deshalb von der elektrischen Heizeinrichtung bzw. den PTC-Elementen aufgebracht werden. Aus diesem Grund ist es erforderlich, die PTC-Elemente auch mit Hochspannung, z.. B. im Bereich von 50 bis 600 Volt anstelle von Niederspannung mit 12 Volt, zu betreiben. Hochspannung in einer Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage stellt jedoch ein Sicherheitsproblem dar, weil beispielsweise durch eine menschliche Berührung von unter Hochspannung stehenden Teilen dem Menschen von der Hochspannung gesundheitlicher Schaden zugefügt werden kann.The heat exchanger comprises PTC elements, at least two electrical conductors by means of which electrical current is conducted through the PTC element and heat conducting elements, in particular fins or corrugated fins, by means of which the surface for heating the air is increased. Increasingly, motor vehicles are produced which have an exclusive electric drive or a hybrid drive. Automotive air conditioning systems for these motor vehicles generally no longer have a heat exchanger for heating the air through which cooling fluid flows. The entire heating power of the motor vehicle air conditioning system must therefore be applied by the electric heater or the PTC elements. For this reason, it is necessary to operate the PTC elements with high voltage, for example, in the range of 50 to 600 volts instead of 12 volts low voltage. High voltage in an automotive air conditioning system, however, is a security problem because, for example, by a human touch of high voltage parts of the person from the high voltage health damage can be added.

Die US 4 327 282 zeigt einen Wärmeübertrager mit einem PTC-Heizelement. Mittels Kontaktplatten wird Strom durch das PTC-Heizelement geleitet und an den Kontaktplatten ist eine Isolierschicht angeordnet. Die Komponenten werden mittels eines U-förmigen Clipses zusammengehalten.The US 4,327,282 shows a heat exchanger with a PTC heating element. Current is passed through the PTC heating element by means of contact plates and an insulating layer is arranged on the contact plates. The components are held together by means of a U-shaped clip.

Aus der EP 1 768 458 A1 ist ein Wärme erzeugendes Element einer Heizvorrichtung zur Lufterwärmung bekannt, umfassend wenigstens ein PTC-Element und an gegenüberliegenden Seitenflächen des PTC-Elementes anliegende elektrische Leiterbahnen, wobei die beiden elektrischen Leiterbahnen außenseitig von einer nicht elektrisch leitenden Isolierschicht umgeben sind.From the EP 1 768 458 A1 For example, a heat generating element of a heating device for air heating is known, comprising at least one PTC element and voltage applied to opposite side surfaces of the PTC element electrical conductor tracks, wherein the two electrical conductor tracks are surrounded on the outside by a non-electrically conductive insulating layer.

Die europäische Patentanmeldung mit der Anmeldenummer 10290318.4 zeigt einen gattungsgemäßen Wärmeübertrager. Innerhalb eines Rohres mit Wandungen als Hohlraumwandungen ist ein Hohlraum begrenzt. In dem Hohlraum sind zwei Leiter und wenigstens ein elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement angeordnet. Mit einem zusätzlichen elektrischen Isolierelement sind die zwei Leiter von dem Rohr elektrisch isoliert, so dass neben dem Rohr als zusätzliches Bauteil das elektrische Isolierelement erforderlich ist.The European patent application with the application number 10290318.4 shows a generic heat exchanger. Within a tube with walls as cavity walls, a cavity is limited. In the cavity, two conductors and at least one electrical resistance heating element are arranged. With an additional electrical insulating element, the two conductors are electrically isolated from the tube, so that in addition to the tube as an additional component, the electrical insulating element is required.

Die EP 0 333 906 A1 zeigt den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The EP 0 333 906 A1 shows the preamble of claim 1.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht deshalb darin, einen Wärmeübertrager und eine Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dem ein mit elektrischen Strom unter Hochspannung, z. B. mehr als 50 V, betriebener Wärmeübertrager ohne Gefährdung für die Umwelt, insbesondere Menschen, betrieben werden kann und einen einfachen Aufbau mit wenig Bauteilen aufweist. Der Wärmeübertrager und die Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage sollen in der Herstellung preiswert sein und zuverlässig im Betrieb arbeiten.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit einem Wärmeübertrager, umfassend wenigstens ein elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement, insbesondere wenigstens ein PTC-Element, wenigstens zwei mit dem wenigstens einen elektrischen Widerstandsheizelement elektrisch leitend verbundene Leiter, insbesondere Leiterplatten, um elektrischen Strom durch das wenigstens eine elektrische Widerstandsheizelement zu leiten und dadurch das elektrische Widerstandsheizelement zu erwärmen, wenigstens ein elektrisches Isolierelement, welches die wenigstens zwei Leiter elektrisch isoliert, vorzugsweise von wenigstens einem Wärmeleitelement, wobei die wenigstens zwei Leiter und das wenigstens eine elektrische Widerstandsheizelement in wenigstens einem von wenigstens einer Hohlraumwandung begrenzten Hohlraum angeordnet sind, wobei die wenigstens eine Hohlraumwandung von dem wenigstens einen elektrischen Isolierelement gebildet ist. Insbesondere ein Rohr bzw. Flachrohr zur Ausbildung der wenigstens einen Hohlraumwandung bildet somit zugleich auch das wenigstens eine elektrische Isolierelement. Dadurch ist in vorteilhafter Weise neben der Hohlraumwandung bzw. dem Rohr kein zusätzliches Bauteil für das elektrische Isolierelement erforderlich, weil die Hohlraumwandung das wenigstens eine elektrische Isolierelement bildet.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a heat exchanger and a motor vehicle air conditioning system in which a with electric current under high voltage, for. B. more than 50 V, operated heat exchanger without endangering the environment, especially people, can be operated and has a simple structure with few components. The heat exchanger and the motor vehicle air conditioning should be inexpensive to manufacture and work reliably in operation.
This object is achieved with a heat exchanger comprising at least one electrical resistance heating element, in particular at least one PTC element, at least two conductors electrically connected to the at least one electrical resistance heating element, in particular printed circuit boards, in order to conduct electrical current through the at least one electrical resistance heating element and thereby to heat the electrical resistance heating element, at least one electrical insulating element, which electrically isolates the at least two conductors, preferably of at least one heat conducting element, wherein the at least two conductors and the at least one electrical resistance heating element are arranged in at least one cavity defined by at least one cavity wall, wherein the at least one cavity wall is formed by the at least one electrical insulating element. In particular, a tube or flat tube for forming the at least one cavity wall thus at the same time also forms the at least one electrical insulating element. As a result, advantageously no additional component for the electrical insulating element is required in addition to the cavity wall or the pipe because the cavity wall forms the at least one electrical insulating element.

Erfindungsgemäß ist das wenigstens eine elektrische Isolierelement ein elastischer Schlauch und der Schlauch bildet die fluiddichte, äußere Hohlraumwandung als Rohr. Der Schlauch in der Form eines Rohres, insbesondere Flachrohres, bildet somit die Hohlraumwandung zur Begrenzung des Hohlraumes und stellt zusätzlich das elektrische Isolierelement dar. Dadurch ist nur ein Bauteil, nämlich der Schlauch, erforderlich um einerseits ein elektrisches Isolierelement für den Wärmeübertrager zur Verfügung zu stellen und um andererseits die wenigstens zwei Leiter und das wenigstens eine elektrische Widerstandsheizelement in dem wenigstens einem von der wenigstens einen Hohlraumwandung begrenzten Hohlraum anzuordnen, weil der Schlauch bzw. die Wandungen des Schlauches die Hohlraumwandung bilden. Dabei stellt der Schlauch eine äußerste fluiddichte Hohlraumwandung des Wärmeübertragers dar.According to the invention, the at least one electrical insulating element is an elastic hose and the hose forms the fluid-tight, outer cavity wall as a pipe. The tube in the form of a tube, in particular a flat tube, thus forms the cavity wall for limiting the cavity and additionally constitutes the electrical insulating element. As a result, only one component, namely the tube, is required to provide an electrical insulating element for the heat exchanger on the one hand and on the other hand to arrange the at least two conductors and the at least one electrical resistance heating element in the at least one cavity defined by the at least one cavity wall, because the tube or the walls of the tube form the cavity wall. In this case, the hose represents an outermost fluid-tight cavity wall of the heat exchanger.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der Schlauch an einem ersten Ende geöffnet und an einem anderen zweiten Ende geschlossen.According to the invention, the tube is open at a first end and closed at another second end.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der Schlauch fluiddicht und weist als Öffnung nur das erste geöffnete Ende auf. Der Schlauch weist somit nur eine Öffnung an dem ersten, insbesondere oberen, Ende auf. Dadurch können die wenigstens zwei Leiter und das wenigsten eine elektrische Widerstandsheizelement fluiddicht von dem Schlauch eingeschlossen sein, weil der Schlauch nur die eine Öffnung aufweist. Diese eine Öffnung ist dabei vorzugsweise fluiddicht bezüglich der Umgebung abgedichtet, z. B. mit einem Dichtgel oder Silikon als Dichtmittel, so dass dadurch die wenigstens zwei Leiter und das wenigstens eine elektrische Widerstandsheizelement fluiddicht, insbesondere flüssigkeitsdicht, bezüglich der Umgebung abgedichtet sind und trotzdem eine ausreichende Wärmeleitfähigkeit von dem wenigstens einen elektrischen Widerstandsheizelement nach außerhalb besteht.According to the invention, the tube is fluid-tight and has as an opening only the first open end. The tube thus has only one opening at the first, in particular upper, end. This allows the at least two conductors and the least one electrical resistance heating element be sealed from the hose fluid-tight, because the hose has only one opening. This one opening is preferably sealed fluid-tight with respect to the environment, for. B. with a sealing gel or silicone as a sealant, so that thereby the at least two conductors and the at least one electrical resistance heating fluid-tight, in particular liquid-tight, are sealed with respect to the environment and still sufficient thermal conductivity of the at least one electrical resistance heating element to the outside exists.

Vorzugsweise ist der Schlauch ein Schrumpfschlauch. Bei der Herstellung des Wärmeübertragers werden zunächst die elektrischen Widerstandsheizelemente stoffschlüssig mit Kleben auf den beiden Leitern verbunden und bilden dadurch eine Heizeinheit. Die Heizeinheit wird anschließend in den Schlauch eingeschoben und anschließend durch Erwärmen des Schlauches schrumpft der Schlauch auf die Heizeinheit auf.Preferably, the tube is a shrink tube. In the production of the heat exchanger, the electrical resistance heating elements are first connected in a materially bonded manner to the two conductors and thereby form a heating unit. The heating unit is then inserted into the hose and then, by heating the hose, the hose shrinks onto the heating unit.

In einer Variante weist der Schlauch zwei Breitseitenwandungen und zwei Schmalseitenwandungen auf.In one variant, the hose has two broad side walls and two narrow side walls.

Erfindungsgemäß besteht der Schlauch aus Kunststoff mit wärmeleitenden Partikeln.According to the invention, the hose is made of plastic with heat-conducting particles.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform bestehen die wärmeleitenden Partikel aus Bornitrid und/oder Siliziumkarbid und/oder Metalloxide, z. B. Aluminiumoxid oder Berylliumoxyd. Der Schlauch weist somit einerseits eine ausreichend große Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf, um die Wärme aus dem wenigstens einen elektrischen Widerstandsheizelement in die Umgebung des Schlauches abzuleiten zur Erwärmung eines Fluides und andererseits verfügt der Schlauch über eine ausreichend hohe elektrische Isolation zur Isolierung des durch die Leiter geleiteten Stromes als Hochspannung.In a further embodiment, the heat-conductive particles consist of boron nitride and / or silicon carbide and / or metal oxides, for. As alumina or beryllium oxide. The hose thus on the one hand has a sufficiently large thermal conductivity to dissipate the heat from the at least one electrical resistance heating in the environment of the hose for heating a fluid and on the other hand, the hose has a sufficiently high electrical insulation for the insulation of the current passed through the conductor as high voltage.

Insbesondere sind die wenigstens zwei Leiter und das wenigstens eine elektrische Widerstandsheizelement vollständig von dem wenigstens einen elektrischen Isolierelement, insbesondere Schlauch, eingeschlossen.In particular, the at least two conductors and the at least one electrical resistance heating element are completely enclosed by the at least one electrical insulating element, in particular hose.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist an den wenigstens zwei Leitern jeweils eine Kontaktplatte oder eine Stromleitung angeordnet und diese ist durch die Öffnung an dem ersten Ende des Schlauches fluiddicht geführt, so dass die zwei Leiter und das wenigstens eine elektrische Widerstandsheizelement fluiddicht von dem Schlauch eingeschlossen sind. Die Kontaktplatten oder die Stromleitungen sind durch die Öffnung an dem ersten Ende des Schlauches fluiddicht geführt. Dies erfolgt dadurch, dass entweder der Schlauch als Schrumpfschlauch geschrumpft ist und dadurch die Kontaktplatten und die Stromleitungen von dem geschrumpften Schrumpfschlauch fluiddicht eingeschlossen sind oder die Öffnung am ersten Ende des Schlauches von einem Dichtmittel, z. B. Silikon oder eine elastische Dichtpaste, fluiddicht abgedichtet ist.In a further embodiment, in each case a contact plate or a power line is arranged on the at least two conductors and this is guided fluid-tightly through the opening at the first end of the hose, so that the two conductors and the at least one electrical resistance heating element are enclosed by the hose in a fluid-tight manner. The contact plates or the power lines are guided in a fluid-tight manner through the opening at the first end of the hose. This is done by either shrinking the tube as a shrink tubing and thereby fluid-tightly enclosing the contact plates and the power leads from the shrunken shrink tubing, or sealing the opening at the first end of the tube with a sealant, e.g. As silicone or an elastic sealing paste, is sealed fluid-tight.

In einer ergänzenden Variante ist das wenigstens eine elektrische Widerstandsheizelement mit den wenigstens zwei Leitern stoffschlüssig, insbesondere mit Kleben, verbunden.In a supplementary variant, the at least one electrical resistance heating element is bonded to the at least two conductors in a material-locking manner, in particular by gluing.

In einer weiteren Variante umfasst der Wärmeübertrager wenigstens ein Wärmeleitelement, z. B. eine Metallplatte und/oder Wellrippen, zur Übertragung von Wärme von dem wenigstens einen elektrischen Widerstandsheizelement auf ein zu erwärmendes Fluid. Das äußere Wärmeleitelement, z. B, eine Metallplatte und/oder Wellrippen, leiten die durch den Schlauch geleitete Wärme an das zu erwärmende Fluid ab und erhöhen dadurch die Oberfläche des Wärmeübertragers.In a further variant, the heat exchanger comprises at least one heat-conducting element, for. As a metal plate and / or corrugated ribs, for transferring heat from the at least one electrical resistance heating element to a fluid to be heated. The outer Wärmeleitelement, z. B, a metal plate and / or corrugated fins, divert the heat passed through the tube heat to the fluid to be heated, thereby increasing the surface of the heat exchanger.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist das wenigstens eine Wärmeleitelement mit dem wenigstens einen Isolierelement, insbesondere Schlauch, stoffschlüssig, z. B. mit Kleben, und/oder kraftschlüssig, z. B. mit wenigstens einer Spannfeder oder Clips, verbunden.In a further embodiment, the at least one heat-conducting element is firmly bonded to the at least one insulating element, in particular hose, z. B. with gluing, and / or non-positively, for. B. with at least one tension spring or clips connected.

Zweckmäßig sind eine Vielzahl von Wärmeübertragern bzw. Heizregistern mit einem Spannrahmen oder einer Kombination eines Rahmens und eines Federelementes und/oder mit einer Verlötung und/oder einer Verschweißung und/oder einer Verklebung miteinander verbunden. Die Wärmeübertrager sind dabei mit oder an den Wellrippen und/oder den Metallplatten miteinander verbunden, z. B. kraftschlüssig mit einem Spannrahmen oder einer Kombination eines Rahmens und eines Federelementes oder stoffschlüssig mit einer Verlötung und/oder einer Verschweißung und/oder einer Verklebung.Suitably, a plurality of heat exchangers or heating registers are connected to one another by means of a clamping frame or a combination of a frame and a spring element and / or with a soldering and / or a welding and / or a gluing. The heat exchanger are connected to each other or to the corrugated fins and / or the metal plates, z. B. non-positively with a clamping frame or a combination of a frame and a spring element or cohesively with a soldering and / or welding and / or bonding.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage umfasst wenigstens einen in dieser Schutzrechtsanmeldung beschriebenen WärmeübertragerAn automotive air conditioning system according to the invention comprises at least one heat exchanger described in this patent application

In einer Variante weist das wenigstens eine Wärmeleitelement keinen unmittelbaren Kontakt zu dem wenigstens einen elektrischen Widerstandsheizelement auf.In one variant, the at least one heat-conducting element has no direct contact with the at least one electrical resistance heating element.

In einer weiteren Variante umfasst der Wärmeübertragern keinen Positionierrahmen zur Positionierung des wenigstens einen elektrischen Widerstandsheizelementes.In a further variant, the heat exchanger does not comprise a positioning frame for positioning the at least one electrical resistance heating element.

Zweckmäßig besteht das wenigstens eine Wärmeleitelement, insbesondere die Wellrippen und/oder Metallplatte, wenigstens teilweise, insbesondere vollständig, aus Metall, beispielsweise Aluminium oder Stahl, oder Kunststoff.Suitably, the at least one heat-conducting element, in particular the corrugated fins and / or metal plate, at least partially, in particular completely, of metal, for example aluminum or steel, or plastic.

Zweckmäßig besteht das wenigstens eine elektrische Isolierelement bzw. die wenigstens eine Hohlraumwandung, insbesondere der Schlauch, aus einem elektrisch isolierenden und thermisch leitfähigen Material. Aufgrund der geometrischen Anordnung des wenigstens einen elektrischen Isoiierelemetes innerhalb des Wärmeübertragers sind die wenigstens zwei Leiter und das wenigstens eine elektrische Widerstandsheizelement elektrisch isoliert.Appropriately, there is at least one electrical insulating element or the at least one cavity wall, in particular the hose, from a electrically insulating and thermally conductive material. Due to the geometric arrangement of the at least one electrical Isoiierelemetes within the heat exchanger, the at least two conductors and the at least one electrical resistance heating element are electrically insulated.

In einer zusätzlichen Variante weist der Wärmeübertrager eine IP-Schutzklasse von 67 auf, so dass eine ausreichende Wasserdichtheit und Staubdichtheit vorhanden ist.In an additional variant, the heat exchanger has an IP protection class of 67, so that a sufficient waterproofness and dust tightness is present.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung sind die Wellrippen und mittels Kleben und/oder Löten und/oder kraftschlüssig unter Vorspannung miteinander verbunden.In a further embodiment, the corrugated ribs and by means of gluing and / or soldering and / or non-positively connected under bias with each other.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist die wenigstens eine Hohlraumwandung und/oder das wenigstens eine elektrische Isolierelement, insbesondere der Schlauch, eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von wenigstens 1 W/mK, insbesondere wenigstens 15 W/mK auf.In a further embodiment, the at least one cavity wall and / or the at least one electrical insulating element, in particular the tube, has a thermal conductivity of at least 1 W / mK, in particular at least 15 W / mK.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die wenigstens eine Hohlraumwandung und/oder das wenigstens eine elektrische Isolierelement, insbesondere der Schlauch, eine elektrische Isolation von wenigstens 1 kV/mm, insbesondere wenigstens 5, 15 oder 25 kV/mm auf.In a further embodiment, the at least one cavity wall and / or the at least one electrical insulating element, in particular the tube, has an electrical insulation of at least 1 kV / mm, in particular at least 5, 15 or 25 kV / mm.

In einer Variante weist die wenigstens eine Hohlraumwandung und/oder das wenigstens eine elektrische Isolierelement, insbesondere der Schlauch, eine Durchschlagfestigkeit von wenigstens 1 kV auf.In a variant, the at least one cavity wall and / or the at least one electrical insulating element, in particular the tube, has a dielectric strength of at least 1 kV.

Im Nachfolgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen Querschnitt einer Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage,
Fig. 2
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Wärmeübertragers mit mehreren Heizregistern in einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht des Wärmeübertragers gemäß Fig. 2,
Fig. 4
eine Draufsicht des Wärmeübertragers gemäß Fig. 2,
Fig. 5
einen Explosionsdarstellung eines Heizregisters des Wärmeübertragers gemäß Fig. 2 bis 4,
Fig. 6
eine perspektivische Ansicht des Wärmeübertragers gemäß Fig. 2 mit einem Spannrahmen,
Fig. 7
einen Querschnitt eines Heizregisters in einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 8
einen Querschnitt eines Heizregisters in einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 9
einen Querschnitt eines Heizregisters in dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 5,
Fig. 10
einen Querschnitt eines Heizregisters in einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel und
Fig. 11
einen Querschnitt eines Heizregisters in einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
a cross section of an automotive air conditioning system,
Fig. 2
a perspective view of a heat exchanger with a plurality of heating registers in a third embodiment,
Fig. 3
a side view of the heat exchanger according to Fig. 2 .
Fig. 4
a plan view of the heat exchanger according to Fig. 2 .
Fig. 5
an exploded view of a heating coil of the heat exchanger according to Fig. 2 to 4 .
Fig. 6
a perspective view of the heat exchanger according to Fig. 2 with a tenter,
Fig. 7
a cross section of a heating register in a first embodiment,
Fig. 8
a cross section of a heating register in a second embodiment,
Fig. 9
a cross section of a heater in the third embodiment according to Fig. 5 .
Fig. 10
a cross section of a heater in a fourth embodiment and
Fig. 11
a cross section of a heater in a fifth embodiment.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage 24. In einem Klimaanlagengehäuse 26 mit einer Bodenwandung 27 und einem Austrittsabschnitt 29 ist ein Gebläse 25, ein Luftfilter 30, ein Kältemittelverdampfer 31 und ein Wärmeübertrager 1 als eine elektrische Heizeinrichtung angeordnet. Das Klimaanlagengehäuse 26 bildet somit einen Kanal 35 zum Durchleiten der Luft. Gehäusewandungen 28 des Klimaanlagengehäuses 26 weisen an der Innenseite eine Oberfläche 36 auf, welche den Kanal 35 begrenzen. Die Luft für den Innenraum eines Kraftfahrzeuges wird mittels des Gebläses 25 durch den Luftfilter 30, den Kältemittelverdampfer 31 sowie den Wärmeübertrager 1 geleitet. Fig. 1 shows an automotive air conditioning 24. In an air conditioning housing 26 having a bottom wall 27 and an outlet portion 29 is a Blower 25, an air filter 30, a refrigerant evaporator 31 and a heat exchanger 1 are arranged as an electric heater. The air conditioning housing 26 thus forms a channel 35 for passing the air. Housing walls 28 of the air conditioning housing 26 have on the inside a surface 36 which define the channel 35. The air for the interior of a motor vehicle is passed by means of the blower 25 through the air filter 30, the refrigerant evaporator 31 and the heat exchanger 1.

Die Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage 24 ist somit nicht mit einem von Kühlmittel durchströmten Wärmeaustauscher versehen zum Erwärmen der durch die Kraftfahrzeuganlage 24 geleiteten Luft. Die durch die Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage 24 geleitete Luft wird ausschließlich mittels des Wärmeübertrager 1 elektrisch erwärmt. Die Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage 24 wird vorzugsweise in einem Kraftfahrzeug mit ausschließlich elektrischem Antrieb oder mit einem Hybridantrieb eingesetzt (nicht dargestellt). Um mittels des Wärmeübertragers 1 die notwendige elektrische Heizleistung zu erreichen, muss der Wärmeübertrager 1 mit Hochspannung, z. B. mit mehr als 50 Volt, beispielsweise mit 60 V oder 600 V, betrieben werden, um keine zu großen Stromstärken und damit zu dicke Stromleitungen (nicht dargestellt) zu erhalten.The automotive air conditioning system 24 is thus not provided with a heat exchanger through which coolant flows for heating the air conducted through the motor vehicle installation 24. The air conducted by the motor vehicle air conditioning system 24 is electrically heated exclusively by means of the heat exchanger 1. The motor vehicle air conditioning system 24 is preferably used in a motor vehicle with exclusively electric drive or with a hybrid drive (not shown). In order to achieve the necessary electrical heating power by means of the heat exchanger 1, the heat exchanger 1 with high voltage, z. B. with more than 50 volts, for example, 60 V or 600 V, operated in order not to get too high currents and thus too thick power lines (not shown).

In den Fig. 2 bis 11 sind Ausführungsbeispiele des Wärmeübertragers 1 für die Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage 24 dargestellt. Im Nachfolgenden wird ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 2 bis 6 und Fig. 9 beschrieben. Ein Schlauch 8 als Flachrohr 13 bzw. Rohr 18 weist zwei Breitseitenwandungen 20 und zwei Schmalseitenwandungen 21 auf. Die Breiten- und Schmalseitenwandungen 20, 21 stellen dabei Hohlraumwandungen 17 dar, welche einen Hohlraum 19 (Fig. 9) innerhalb des Rohres 18 einschließen.In the Fig. 2 to 11 Embodiments of the heat exchanger 1 for the motor vehicle air conditioner 24 are shown. Hereinafter, a third embodiment according to Fig. 2 to 6 and Fig. 9 described. A tube 8 as a flat tube 13 or tube 18 has two broad side walls 20 and two narrow side walls 21. The width and narrow side walls 20, 21 in this case constitute cavity walls 17 which form a cavity 19 (FIG. Fig. 9 ) within the tube 18.

Der Schlauch 8 bildet dabei auch ein elektrisches Isolierelement 22. Der Schlauch 8 besteht dabei aus elastischem Silikon mit wärmeleitenden Partikeln. Auf den beiden rechteckförmigen Breitseitenwandungen 20 des Schlauches 8 liegen zwei Leiter 4, nämlich eine erste Leiterplatte 6 und eine zweite Leiterplatte 7, auf. Zwischen den beiden Leiterplatten 6, 7 sind drei als PTC-Elemente 3 ausgebildete elektrische Widerstandsheizelemente 2 angeordnet. Die PTC-Elemente 3 sind dabei mit den beiden Leiterplatten 6, 7 mit Klebstoff stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden. An den beiden Leitern 4 ist jeweils eine elektrische Kontaktplatte 5 ausgebildet (Fig. 2 und 3). Der von den Hohlraumwandungen 17 des Flachrohres 13 eingeschlossene Hohlraum 19 ist im Bereich der Schmalseitenwandungen 21 ein Leerraum, d. h. in dem Leerraum ist lediglich Luft (Fig. 9).The tube 8 also forms an electrical insulating element 22. The tube 8 consists of elastic silicone with heat-conducting particles. On the two rectangular broad side walls 20 of the tube 8 are two conductors 4, namely a first circuit board 6 and a second circuit board 7, on. Between the two circuit boards 6, 7 three PTC elements 3 designed as electrical resistance heating elements 2 are arranged. The PTC elements 3 are connected to the two printed circuit boards 6, 7 with adhesive cohesively. At the two conductors 4, an electrical contact plate 5 is formed in each case ( Fig. 2 and 3 ). The cavity 19 enclosed by the cavity walls 17 of the flat tube 13 is a void in the area of the narrow side walls 21, ie in the void space only air ( Fig. 9 ).

Dadurch sind die beiden Leiterplatten 6, 7 mit den dazwischen angeordneten drei PTC-Elementen 3 aufgrund der elektrischen Isolation des Schlauches 8 elektrisch isoliert. Die elektrische Kontaktierung der beiden Leiterplatten 6, 7 erfolgt mittels nicht dargestellter elektrischer Leitungen an den Kontaktplatten 5. Die beiden Leiterplatten 6, 7 mit den drei PTC-Elementen 3 stellen dabei eine Heizeinheit 10 dar. Zusammen mit dem Schlauch 8 bilden diese ein Heizregister 9 bzw. den Wärmeübertrager 1. Mehrere Heizregister 9 gemäß der Darstellung in Fig. 2, 3, 4 und 6 können auch zu einem Wärmeübertrager 1 mit einer größeren Anzahl von Heizregistern 9 zueinander verbunden werden.As a result, the two printed circuit boards 6, 7 with the interposed three PTC elements 3 due to the electrical insulation of the hose 8 are electrically isolated. The electrical contacting of the two circuit boards 6, 7 takes place by means of not shown electrical lines to the contact plates 5. The two circuit boards 6, 7 with the three PTC elements 3 thereby constitute a heating unit 10. Together with the tube 8, these form a heating register. 9 or the heat exchanger 1. Several heater 9 as shown in FIG Fig. 2 . 3 . 4 and 6 can also be connected to a heat exchanger 1 with a larger number of heating registers 9 to each other.

Die Netzhöhe HN des Wärmeübertragers 1 gemäß der Darstellung in Fig. 3 beträgt ca. 50 bis 300 mm, vorzugsweise 100 bis 200 mm und die Netzbreite BN beträgt ca. 50 bis 300 mm, vorzugsweise 100 bis 200 mm. Die Querteilung Q, d. h. der Abstand zwischen den Schläuchen 8 als Flachrohre 13 gemäß der Darstellung in Fig. 4, beträgt dabei zwischen 5 und 30 mm, vorzugsweise 9 bis 18 mm und die Bautiefe TN gemäß der Darstellung in Fig. 8 beträgt 6 bis 50 mm, vorzugsweise 10 bis 40 mm. Die Dicke der Leiterplatten 6, 7 beträgt 0,2 bis 1,5 mm und die Breite des Rohres 18 beträgt 2 bis 10 mm. Die Dicke der PTC-Elemente 3 liegt im Bereich zwischen 0,8 bis 3 mm.The net height H N of the heat exchanger 1 as shown in FIG Fig. 3 is about 50 to 300 mm, preferably 100 to 200 mm and the mesh width B N is about 50 to 300 mm, preferably 100 to 200 mm. The transverse division Q, ie the distance between the hoses 8 as flat tubes 13 as shown in FIG Fig. 4 , is in this case between 5 and 30 mm, preferably 9 to 18 mm and the overall depth T N as shown in FIG Fig. 8 is 6 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 40 mm. The thickness of the printed circuit boards 6, 7 is 0.2 to 1.5 mm and the width of the tube 18 is 2 to 10 mm. The thickness of the PTC elements 3 is in the range between 0.8 to 3 mm.

Zwischen den Schläuchen 8 sind Wellrippen 12 als Wärmeleitelemente 11 angeordnet (Fig. 2 bis 6). Die Wellrippen 12 dienen dabei dazu, die Oberfläche des Wärmeübertragers 1 zu vergrößern, um die von den PTC-Elementen 3 abgegebene Wärme besser an die Luft abgeben zu können, welche durch den Wärmeübertrager 1 strömt. Dabei stellen auch die Schläuche 8 Wärmeleitelemente 11 dar, weil diese eine große Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweisen.Between the hoses 8 corrugated fins 12 are arranged as Wärmeleitelemente 11 ( Fig. 2 to 6 ). The corrugated fins 12 serve to enlarge the surface of the heat exchanger 1, in order to better release the heat emitted by the PTC elements 3 to the air, which flows through the heat exchanger 1. In this case, the hoses 8 represent heat-conducting elements 11, because they have a high thermal conductivity.

Die Schläuche 8 als Schrumpfschläuche 32 weisen ein erstes oberes Ende 14 und ein zweites unteres Ende 15 auf. Der Schlauch 8 ist dabei am unteren zweiten Ende 15 fluiddicht verschlossen und weist am ersten oberen Ende 14 eine Öffnung 23 auf (Fig. 5). Die Öffnung 23 ist dabei von einem nicht dargestellten Dichtmittel, z. B. ein Silikongel oder ein elastische Dichtgummi, fluiddicht verschlossen. Dadurch sind die PTC-Element 3 und die beiden Leiter 4 innerhalb des von dem Schlauch 8 eingeschlossenen Hohlraumes 19 fluiddicht von der Umgebung abgetrennt (nicht dargestellt). In der Darstellung in den Fig. 2 bis 4 ist die Ausdehnung von Metallplatten 34 als Blechplatten 38, welche auch Wärmeleitelemente 11 bilden, in Richtung der von den Metallplatten 34 aufgespannten Ebene und in Richtung von der Zeichenebene von Fig. 9 bei der Darstellung in den Fig. 2 bis 5 kleiner als in der Darstellung in Fig. 9, so dass in den Fig. 2 bis 4 die Metallplatten 34 nicht sichtbar sind. Die Blechplatten 38 sind dabei stoffschlüssig mit Klebstoff auf die Breitseitenwandungen 20 des Schrumpfschlauches 8 aufgeklebt. Auch die PTC-Elemente 3 sind - wie bereits beschrieben - auf die Leiter 4 stoffschlüssig mit Klebstoff aufgeklebt und auch die beiden Leiter 4 sind auf die Innenseiten der beiden Breitseitenwandungen 20 des Schlauches 8 aufgeklebt.The tubes 8 as heat shrink tubes 32 have a first upper end 14 and a second lower end 15. The tube 8 is closed fluid-tight at the lower second end 15 and has an opening 23 at the first upper end 14 (FIG. Fig. 5 ). The opening 23 is in this case by a sealing means, not shown, for. As a silicone gel or elastic sealing rubber, sealed fluid-tight. As a result, the PTC element 3 and the two conductors 4 within the cavity enclosed by the tube 8 are fluid-tightly isolated from the environment (not shown). In the presentation in the Fig. 2 to 4 is the expansion of metal plates 34 as metal plates 38, which also form Wärmeleitelemente 11, in the direction of the plane spanned by the metal plates 34 and in the direction of the plane of Fig. 9 in the presentation in the Fig. 2 to 5 smaller than in the illustration in Fig. 9 so that in the Fig. 2 to 4 the metal plates 34 are not visible. The metal plates 38 are adhesively bonded with adhesive on the broad side walls 20 of the shrink tube 8. The PTC elements 3 are - as already described - adhered to the conductor 4 cohesively with adhesive and the two conductors 4 are glued to the inner sides of the two wide side walls 20 of the tube 8.

Bei einer Anordnung von einer Vielzahl von Wärmeübertragern 1 bzw. Heizregistern 9 zu einer Anordnung gemäß Fig. 6 sind zwischen den Wärmeübertragern 1 gemäß Fig. 9 die Wellrippen 12 angeordnet und diese aufgrund einer Druckkraft 33, welche von einem Spannrahmen 37 aufgebracht ist, kraftschlüssig mit dem Wärmeübertrager 1 gemäß der Darstellung in Fig. 9 verbunden.In an arrangement of a plurality of heat exchangers 1 or heating registers 9 to an arrangement according to Fig. 6 are between the heat exchangers 1 according to Fig. 9 arranged the corrugated fins 12 and these due to a compressive force 33 which is applied by a clamping frame 37, frictionally with the heat exchanger 1 as shown in FIG Fig. 9 connected.

In Fig. 7 ist ein Querschnitt des Wärmeübertragers 1 in einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt. Im Nachfolgenden werden im Wesentlichen nur die Unterschiede zu dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 9 beschrieben. Anstelle der Blechplatten 38 sind außenseitig an den Breitseitenwandungen 20 des Schlauches 8 U-förmige Metallplatten 39 angeordnet. Die U-förmigen Metallplatten 39 umschließen den Schlauch 8 nicht fluiddicht und dienen wie im dritten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 9 als Auflager für die Wellrippen 12. Die PTC-Elemente 3 sowie die Leiter 4 und der Schlauch 8 sind analog zu dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 9 mit Klebstoff stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden. Die U-förmigen Metallplatten 39 sind dabei stoffschlüssig mit Klebstoff oder kraftschlüssig an dem Schlauch 8 befestigt. Bei den kraftschlüssigen Befestigungen sind dabei die U-förmigen Metallplatten 39 miteinander dahingehend verbunden, dass die U-förmigen Metallplatten 39 unter einer Druckvorspannung auf dem Schlauch 8 aufliegen. Die U-förmigen Metallplatten 39 können dabei entweder mittels Klebstoff, oder durch Schweißen oder Klipsen miteinander an den Enden verbunden sein. Dabei sind in dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 7 die beiden U-förmigen Metallplatten 39 mit einer unterschiedlichen Geometrie ausgebildet.In Fig. 7 is a cross section of the heat exchanger 1 is shown in a first embodiment. In the following, essentially only the differences from the third embodiment will be according to FIG Fig. 9 described. Instead of the metal plates 38 8 U-shaped metal plates 39 are outside of the wide side walls 20 of the tube arranged. The U-shaped metal plates 39 do not enclose the tube 8 in a fluid-tight manner and serve as in the third exemplary embodiment Fig. 9 as a support for the corrugated fins 12. The PTC elements 3 and the conductor 4 and the tube 8 are analogous to the third embodiment according to Fig. 9 adhesively bonded together with adhesive. The U-shaped metal plates 39 are firmly bonded to the hose 8 with adhesive or non-positively. In the non-positive fastenings while the U-shaped metal plates 39 are connected to each other to the effect that the U-shaped metal plates 39 rest under a compressive bias on the hose 8. The U-shaped metal plates 39 may be connected to one another either by means of adhesive, or by welding or clipping together at the ends. In the first embodiment according to FIG Fig. 7 the two U-shaped metal plates 39 are formed with a different geometry.

In Fig. 8 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des Wärmeübertragers 1 dargestellt. Im Nachfolgenden werden im Wesentlichen nur die Unterschiede zu dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 7 beschrieben. Die beiden U-förmigen Metallplatten 39 sind nicht mit einer unterschiedlichen Geometrie ausgebildet, sondern weisen eine identische Form auf.In Fig. 8 a second embodiment of the heat exchanger 1 is shown. In the following, essentially only the differences from the first embodiment will be according to FIG Fig. 7 described. The two U-shaped metal plates 39 are not formed with a different geometry, but have an identical shape.

In Fig. 10 ist ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel des Wärmeübertragers 1 beschrieben. Im Nachfolgenden werden im Wesentlichen nur die Unterschiede zu dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 9 beschrieben. Auf die beiden Metallplatten 34 ist von einer Spannfeder 40 eine Druckkraft aufgebracht, so dass die beiden Metallplatten 34, der Schlauch 8, die beiden Leiter 4 und die PTC-Elemente 3 als elektrische Widerstandsheizelemente 2 aufgrund der Vorspannung unter Druckkraft kraftschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind. Das in Fig. 11 dargestellte fünfte Ausführungsbeispiel des Wärmeübertragers 1 unterscheidet sich von dem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 10 nur dadurch, dass zwei Spannfedern 40 auf die beiden Metallplatten 34 eine Druckkraft aufbringen.In Fig. 10 a fourth embodiment of the heat exchanger 1 is described. In the following, essentially only the differences from the third embodiment will be according to FIG Fig. 9 described. On the two metal plates 34, a compressive force is applied by a tension spring 40, so that the two metal plates 34, the tube 8, the two conductors 4 and the PTC elements 3 as electrical resistance heating 2 due to the bias under pressure force are positively connected. This in Fig. 11 illustrated fifth embodiment of the heat exchanger 1 differs from the fourth embodiment according to Fig. 10 only in that two tension springs 40 apply a compressive force on the two metal plates 34.

Insgesamt betrachtet sind mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Wärmeübertrager 1 und der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage 24 wesentliche Vorteile verbunden. Der Schlauch 8 schließt den Hohlraum 19 ein und innerhalb des Hohlraumes 19 sind die beiden Leiter 4 sowie die PTC-Elemente 3 fluiddicht von dem Schlauch 8 eingeschlossen. Der Schlauch 8 in der Form eines Rohres 18, insbesondere Flachrohres 13, bildet damit einerseits den Hohlraum 19 zur Aufnahme der PTC-Elemente 3 und der Leiter 4 und ermöglicht zusätzlich als elektrisches Isolierelement 22 die elektrische Isolierung der PTC-Elemente 3 und der Leiter 4. Dadurch können Bauteile bei der Herstellung des Wärmeübertragers 1 eingespart werden und aufgrund der Stoffeigenschaften des Schlauches 8 weist dieser bei einer ausreichend großen Wärmeleitfähigkeit auch eine ausreichende elektrische Isolation auf.Overall, significant advantages are associated with the heat exchanger 1 according to the invention and the motor vehicle air conditioning system 24 according to the invention. The tube 8 encloses the cavity 19 and within the cavity 19, the two conductors 4 and the PTC elements 3 are enclosed by the tube 8 in a fluid-tight manner. The tube 8 in the form of a tube 18, in particular flat tube 13, thus on the one hand forms the cavity 19 for receiving the PTC elements 3 and the conductor 4 and additionally allows electrical insulation of the PTC elements 3 and the conductor 4 as an electrical insulating element 22 As a result, components can be saved in the production of the heat exchanger 1 and due to the material properties of the hose 8, this also has a sufficient electrical insulation at a sufficiently high thermal conductivity.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
WärmeübertragerHeat exchanger
22
Elektrisches WiderstandsheizelementElectric resistance heating element
33
PTC-ElementPTC element
44
Leiterladder
55
Elektrische KontaktplatteElectric contact plate
66
Erste LeiterplatteFirst circuit board
77
Zweite LeiterplatteSecond circuit board
88th
Schlauchtube
99
Heizregisterheater
1010
Heizeinheitheating unit
1111
Wärmeleitelementthermally conductive element
1212
Wellrippencorrugated fins
1313
Flachrohrflat tube
1414
Erstes EndeFirst end
1515
Zweites EndeSecond end
1616
Wandungen des RohresWalls of the pipe
1717
Hohlraumwandungcavity wall
1818
Rohrpipe
1919
Hohlraumcavity
2020
BreitseitenwandungBreitseitenwandung
2121
Schmalseitenwandungnarrow side
2222
Elektrisches IsolierelementElectrical insulating element
2323
Öffnung am ersten EndeOpening at the first end
2424
KraftfahrzeugklimaanlageAutomotive air conditioning system
2525
Gebläsefan
2626
KlimaanlagengehäuseAir conditioning case
2727
Bodenwandungbottom wall
2828
Gehäusewandunghousing
2929
Austrittsabschnittexit section
3030
Filterfilter
3131
KältemittelverdampferRefrigerant evaporator
3232
Schrumpfschlauchshrinkable tubing
3333
Druckkraftthrust
3434
Metallplattemetal plate
3535
Kanalchannel
3636
Oberflächesurface
3737
Spannrahmen 38 BlechplatteClamping frame 38 sheet metal plate
3939
U-förmige MetallplatteU-shaped metal plate
4040
Spannfedertension spring
HN H N
Netzhöhenet height
BN B N
Netzbreitenet width
QQ
Querteilungtransverse pitch
TN T N
Bautiefeoverall depth

Claims (11)

  1. A heat exchanger (1), comprising
    - at least one electrical resistance heating element (2), in particular at least one PTC element (3),
    - at least two conductors (4) which are connected to the at least one electrical resistance heating element (2) in an electrically conductive manner, in particular printed circuit boards (6, 7) in order to conduct electrical current through the at least one electrical resistance heating element (2) and thus heat the electrical resistance heating element (2),
    - at least one electrical insulating element (22) which electrically insulates the at least two conductors (4), wherein
    - the at least two conductors (4) and the at least one electrical resistance heating element (2) are arranged in at least one cavity (19) delimited by at least one cavity wall (17), wherein the at least one cavity wall (17) is formed by the at least one electrical insulating element (22), wherein the at least one electrical insulating element (22) is a hose (8) and the hose (8) forms the fluid-tight outer cavity wall (17) in the form of a tube (18), characterised in that the hose (8) is flexible, wherein the hose (8) consists of plastic with heat-conducting particles, wherein the hose (8) is open at a first end (14) and closed at another second end (15), wherein the hose (8) is fluid-tight and only has the first open (14) end as an opening (23) .
  2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterised in that the hose (8) is a shrink hose (32).
  3. The heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the hose (8) has two broadside walls (20) and two narrow side walls (21).
  4. The heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterised in that the heat-conducting particles consist of boron nitride and/or silicon carbide and/or metal oxide, e.g. aluminium oxide or beryllium oxide.
  5. The heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least two conductors (4) and the at least one electrical resistance heating element (2) are fully enclosed by the at least one electrical insulating element (22), in particular hose (8).
  6. The heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that one contact plate (5) or one power line each is arranged on the at least two conductors (4) and is guided through the opening (23) at the first end (14) of the hose (8) in a fluid-tight manner, so that the two conductors (4) and the at least one electrical resistance heating element (2) are enclosed by the hose (8) in a fluid-tight manner.
  7. The heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one electrical resistance heating element (2) is connected to the at least two conductors (4) in a positive manner, in particular by gluing.
  8. The heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the heat exchanger (1) comprises at least one heat-conducting element (11), e.g. a metal plate (34) and/or corrugated ribs (12), for the transfer of heat from the at least one electrical resistance heating element (2) to a fluid to be heated.
  9. The heat exchanger according to claim 8, characterised in that the at least one heat-conducting element (11) is connected to the at least one insulating element (22), in particular hose (8), in a positive manner, e.g. by gluing, and/or in a non-positive manner, e.g. by means of at least one tension spring (40) or clips.
  10. The heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a plurality of heat exchangers (1) is connected to one another by means of a clamping frame (37) and/or soldering and/or welding.
  11. A vehicle air-conditioning system (24), characterised in that the vehicle air-conditioning system (24) comprises at least one heat exchanger (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims.
EP11290007.1A 2011-01-11 2011-01-11 Heat exchanger Active EP2474793B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11290007.1A EP2474793B1 (en) 2011-01-11 2011-01-11 Heat exchanger

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11290007.1A EP2474793B1 (en) 2011-01-11 2011-01-11 Heat exchanger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2474793A1 EP2474793A1 (en) 2012-07-11
EP2474793B1 true EP2474793B1 (en) 2017-05-17

Family

ID=43629633

Family Applications (1)

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Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2474793B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017223785A1 (en) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-27 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for producing a heat-generating element

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2845965C2 (en) 1978-10-21 1983-01-20 Fritz Eichenauer GmbH & Co KG, 6744 Kandel Electric resistance heating element
EP0333906B1 (en) * 1988-03-25 1993-10-20 David & Baader DBK Spezialfabrik elektrischer Apparate und Heizwiderstände GmbH PTC heating resistor
EP1916874B1 (en) 2005-09-23 2010-11-24 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Heating element of a heating device
US7576305B2 (en) * 2006-09-22 2009-08-18 Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Heat-generating element of a heating device

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