EP2274753B1 - Power transformer for radiofrequency signals - Google Patents

Power transformer for radiofrequency signals Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2274753B1
EP2274753B1 EP09735922.8A EP09735922A EP2274753B1 EP 2274753 B1 EP2274753 B1 EP 2274753B1 EP 09735922 A EP09735922 A EP 09735922A EP 2274753 B1 EP2274753 B1 EP 2274753B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
winding
transformer
printed
windings
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EP09735922.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2274753A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Bertram
Charles Richardeau
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F19/00—Fixed transformers or mutual inductances of the signal type
    • H01F19/04—Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type 
    • H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
    • H01F17/0013—Printed inductances with stacked layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H01F2027/2819—Planar transformers with printed windings, e.g. surrounded by two cores and to be mounted on printed circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power transformer for radiofrequency signals.
  • the invention applies in particular to the realization of RF radio transmitting terminals.
  • Power transformers are generally made by wire windings on cores of ferromagnetic materials. This artisanal achievement has an impact on the cost of manufacturing the transformer. Also, other types of transformer, made with printed coils, have been proposed to facilitate their manufacture.
  • a planar transformer has been proposed by Motorola Inc in the US patent published under the reference US5015972 .
  • the planar transformer has two printed turns separated by a dielectric layer. Capacitors may also be provided to interconnect two printed turns to improve the performance of the transformer in the operating frequency band.
  • the structure of this transformer uses a thermal conductive substrate to dissipate the heat generated during its operation, making the realization complex and expensive.
  • the design of the proposed windings generates a non-optimal coupling between said windings, which leads to losses of magnetic energy.
  • DE 200 22 015 U1 and US 2007/296537 A1 disclose a transformer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a high frequency power transformer performance - that is to say low losses and controlling the impedances in the frequency band considered - and of which the integration into an electronic circuit is simple, in order to offer an impedance transformation function at lower cost.
  • the subject of the invention is a high-frequency power transformer comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, characterized in that it is produced in a low-cost multilayer printed circuit board, for example of the FR4 type (FIG.
  • a first conductive layer a first dielectric substrate layer, a second conductive layer, a second layer; of a dielectric substrate, and a third conductive layer
  • the primary winding being formed by turns printed in the second conductive layer
  • the secondary winding being formed by a first half-winding printed in the first conductive layer, the first half-winding.
  • the turns of the secondary winding being placed opposite the turns of the primary, the widths of the turns of the windings being chosen as a function of the thicknesses of the dielectric substrate layers, the instantaneous frequency band and the power of the high frequency signal passing through the transformer in order to minimize losses and to favor impedance matching in the RF band considered.
  • the primary winding is clamped by the secondary winding, the choice of the width of the lines and the thickness of the substrate layers to optimize the capacitive coupling between the windings.
  • an orifice is formed in the center of the printed circuit board, the ferromagnetic block comprising two parts assembled to form a binocular block, each part of said block occupying one side of the printed circuit board, the first part of said block being formed of an extruded E, the central leg of the E being inserted into the hole formed in the center of the printed circuit, thereby forming a magnetic core in the center of the windings, the second portion of said block being formed of a substantially planar plate.
  • the presence of a magnetic core makes it possible in particular to obtain a better concentration of the magnetic field.
  • At least one capacitor is connected between at least one turn of one of the windings, preferably the primary winding, and an electrical ground in order to improve the behavior of the transformer with respect to the impedances that it presents in the considered RF band.
  • This (these) capacitance (s) makes it possible to better control the impedances presented by said winding in the RF band with respect to the surrounding components, for example power transistors connected to the input of the transformer, particularly in the high frequencies of the frequency band of operation.
  • the capacitance value is chosen according to the amplifier setup using this RF transformer.
  • the ferromagnetic block parts are made of ferrite and have standard dimensions, thus enabling a low-cost transformer to be produced.
  • the transformer is able to operate for high frequency signals comprised in an instantaneous frequency band between 1 MHz and a few tens of MHz, preferably from 1 to 50 MHz.
  • the transformer according to the invention is able to operate at high power, of the order of 1 Watt to a few tens of Watts.
  • the widths of the turns of the windings are chosen according to the operating frequency band of the transformer.
  • the invention also relates to a radio transmitter power card comprising a transformer as described above.
  • the figure 1 has a windings structure used in the power transformer according to the invention.
  • the power transformer 100 comprises a winding 101 for the primary circuit framed by two half-windings 103, 103 'belonging to the secondary circuit.
  • Each winding 101, 103, 103 ' is a printed track in a multilayer printed circuit layer 201, two neighboring layers comprising a winding being separated by at least one thickness E1, E2 of dielectric substrate.
  • E1, E2 of dielectric substrate the substrate separating the conductive layers is not shown.
  • the half-windings 103, 103 'of the secondary are connected by one or more metallized vias 107.
  • the turns of the winding 101 of the primary are placed substantially parallel and opposite the turns of the half-windings 103, 103' of the secondary to to obtain an efficient coupling between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit of the power transformer 100.
  • the layer C2 in which the winding 101 of the primary circuit is printed is framed by two layers C1, C3 on which are printed the secondary half-windings 103, 103 ', magnetic leakage is minimized.
  • the figure 2 presents a perspective view of a printed circuit used in a transformer according to the invention.
  • the transformer according to the invention comprises a multilayer printed circuit 201 comprising the windings 101, 103, 103 'as presented in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the printed circuit 201 comprises a central orifice 202 around which the windings 101, 103, 103 'are printed.
  • On the figure 2 only the first half-winding 103 of the secondary circuit is visible, the winding 101 of the primary circuit and the second half-winding 103 'of the secondary circuit being printed in inner layers of the printed circuit 201.
  • the figure 3a shows an example of a block of ferromagnetic material 203 forming part of the transformer according to the invention, the block being in two parts 203a, 203b shown separately in the figure.
  • the ferromagnetic block 203 comprises a first portion 203a in the form of an extruded E and a second portion 203b parallelepiped whose width I1 and length I2 are substantially equal to those of the first portion 203a.
  • the first part 203a of the block 203 is a plate whose flank F1 is provided with three protuberances 204, 204 ', 204 "substantially parallelepipedal and of the same dimensions in addition to the thickness of the plate.
  • the second portion 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 is a plate having, in the example, substantially the same dimensions I1, I2 as the plate of the first portion 203a.
  • the second portion 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 is devoid of growths.
  • the block of ferromagnetic material 203 takes the form of a binocular block, that is to say, in For example, a substantially parallelepipedal block in which two distinct orifices 207, 207 'are formed.
  • the binocular shape of the ferromagnetic block 203 makes it possible to concentrate the magnetic field lines in order to extend the operating band of the transformer 100 towards the frequencies
  • This form of block 203 also makes it possible to improve the electromagnetic shielding of the transformer 100.
  • This shielding can also be improved by inserting vias around the periphery of the circuit.
  • printed 201 and / or ground pads disposed on either side of the windings 101, 103, 103 '.
  • the two parts 203a, 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 consist of ferrite, whose permeability ⁇ is quite high (of the order of 700-1000) to ensure proper operation for frequencies bass.
  • the two parts 203a, 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 are held together simply by means of a metal rod 205 enclosing the two parts 203a, 203b.
  • a bonding is performed to hold the two parts 203a, 203b together.
  • the figure 4 presents a perspective view of a transformer according to the invention comprising the printed circuit of the figure 2a wherein the first portion 203a of the ferromagnetic block 203 is embedded.
  • the figure 5 presents a view of this transformer in cross section.
  • the second protrusion 204 'of the plate is inserted into the central orifice 202 of the printed circuit 201 and the first 204 and third 204 "protuberances frame the windings of the printed circuit 201 on its sides, so that when the second portion 203b of the block 203 is contiguous with the first part 203a, the ferromagnetic block 203 composed of the two contiguous parts envelops the printed circuit 201 and forms a magnetic core in the center of said circuit 201.
  • a thermal interface is pressed on the ferromagnetic block 203 to dissipate the calories from the magnetic losses inside said block 203.
  • the RF transformer according to the invention exploits the capacitive coupling between the primary 101 and secondary 101, 103 'windings ( figure 1 ). Indeed, at operating frequencies, that is to say radiofrequency, a capacitive coupling occurs between the turns of the windings placed opposite 101, 103 and 101, 103 ', this capacitive coupling to improve the behavior of the transformer (impedances of the windings) in particular vis-à-vis the power transistors possibly connected to the input of the transformer according to the invention, particularly at the highest frequencies.
  • the widths of the turns are chosen in particular as a function of the thicknesses E1, E2 ( figure 1 dielectric substrate layers, the greater the thickness E1, E2 of the substrate, the greater the turns of the windings 101, 103, 103 'to be enlarged to promote capacitive coupling between the windings 101, 103 and 101, 103'.
  • the power of Current flowing through the transformer is also a variable taken into account in choosing the width of the turns.
  • the figure 6 shows an illustration of a second embodiment including compensation capabilities.
  • the first connection of a capacitance 601a, 601b, 601c is connected to each turn of the winding 101 of the primary circuit.
  • the second connection of each of these capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c is connected to an electrical ground 602.
  • the addition of these capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c makes it possible to improve the adaptation of the transformer to its environment , for example the adaptation to power transistors connected to the transformer, particularly in the high frequencies, in the example in a frequency band of 15 MHz to 50 MHz.
  • capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c connected in parallel between the winding considered and the ground compensate in an original way the imperfections of the transformer by creating a transmission line with the inductive component of the considered winding. They may possibly be replaced by different capacitive elements, or even more complex components (for example LC networks) in order to modify more favorably the behavior of the transformer in the band, in particular at the highest frequencies.
  • additional capacitive elements can be connected in parallel with the primary winding or, as proposed by the patent US5015972 mentioned above in the preamble between the turns of the same winding.
  • the figure 7 illustrates, through a graph, the effect produced by the addition of capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c of compensation connected between the turns of the primary winding 101 and the electrical earth 602 ( figure 6 ).
  • a first curve 701 shows the evolution of the reflection coefficient S11 of a transformer without compensation capacity as a function of the frequency of the signal entering the transformer.
  • a second curve 702 shows the evolution of the reflection coefficient S11 of a transformer comprising compensation capacity as a function of the frequency of the signal entering the transformer.
  • the adaptation of the transformer is improved, especially at high frequencies.
  • An advantage of the transformer according to the invention is its low manufacturing cost, in particular because the multilayer printed circuit used can be a standard circuit at low cost.
  • the structure of the transformer according to the invention simplifies the connection of components to the primary circuit and the secondary circuit. Indeed, the transformer being formed from a multilayer printed circuit, no transfer manipulation (ie a manual soldering) is required to integrate the transformer in an existing circuit.
  • the RF power transformer according to the invention limits the losses of magnetic coupling with respect to the structure proposed in FIG. US5015972 cited in the preamble, in particular because of its winding structure in which the primary circuit is framed above and below by the secondary circuit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un transformateur de puissance pour signaux radiofréquences. L'invention s'applique notamment à la réalisation de terminaux radioélectriques émetteurs HF.The present invention relates to a power transformer for radiofrequency signals. The invention applies in particular to the realization of RF radio transmitting terminals.

Les transformateurs de puissance sont généralement réalisés par des bobinages filaires sur des noyaux de matériaux ferromagnétiques. Cette réalisation artisanale impacte le coût de réalisation du transformateur. Aussi, d'autres types de transformateur, réalisés avec des bobines imprimées, ont été proposés pour faciliter leur fabrication.Power transformers are generally made by wire windings on cores of ferromagnetic materials. This artisanal achievement has an impact on the cost of manufacturing the transformer. Also, other types of transformer, made with printed coils, have been proposed to facilitate their manufacture.

Notamment, un transformateur planaire a été proposé par Motorola Inc dans le brevet américain publié sous la référence US5015972 . Le transformateur planaire comporte deux spires imprimées séparées par une couche diélectrique. Des condensateurs peuvent également être disposés pour interconnecter deux spires imprimées afin d'améliorer les performances du transformateur dans la bande de fréquences de fonctionnement. Cependant, la structure de ce transformateur utilise un substrat conducteur thermique pour dissiper la chaleur dégagée lors de son fonctionnement, rendant la réalisation complexe et coûteuse. De plus, le dessin des enroulements proposé engendre un couplage non optimal entre lesdits enroulements, ce qui conduit à des pertes d'énergie magnétique. DE 200 22 015 U1 et US 2007/296537 A1 divulguent un transformateur selon le préambule de la revendication 1. Un but de l'invention est de proposer un transformateur de puissance haute fréquence performant - c'est à dire à faibles pertes et en maîtrisant les impédances dans la bande de fréquence considérée - et dont l'intégration dans un circuit électronique est simple, ceci afin d'offrir une fonction de transformation d'impédance à moindre coût. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un transformateur de puissance haute fréquence comprenant un enroulement primaire et un enroulement secondaire, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé dans une carte de circuit imprimé multicouches à bas coût, par exemple de type FR4 (connu de l'Homme du Métier), comprenant au moins successivement les couches empilées suivantes : une première couche conductrice, une première couche de substrat diélectrique, une seconde couche conductrice, une seconde couche de substrat diélectrique, et une troisième couche conductrice, l'enroulement primaire étant formé par des spires imprimées dans la seconde couche conductrice, l'enroulement secondaire étant formé par un premier demi-enroulement imprimé dans la première couche conductrice, ce premier demi-enroulement étant relié à un deuxième demi-enroulement imprimé dans la troisième couche conductrice, les spires de l'enroulement secondaire étant placées en regard des spires du primaire, les largeurs des spires des enroulements étant choisies en fonction des épaisseurs des couches de substrat diélectrique, de la bande de fréquence instantanée et de la puissance du signal haute fréquence traversant le transformateur afin de minimiser les pertes et favoriser l'adaptation d'impédance dans la bande RF considérée. Ainsi, l'enroulement primaire est enserré par l'enroulement secondaire, le choix de la largeur des lignes et de l'épaisseur des couches de substrat permettant d'optimiser le couplage capacitif entre les enroulements.In particular, a planar transformer has been proposed by Motorola Inc in the US patent published under the reference US5015972 . The planar transformer has two printed turns separated by a dielectric layer. Capacitors may also be provided to interconnect two printed turns to improve the performance of the transformer in the operating frequency band. However, the structure of this transformer uses a thermal conductive substrate to dissipate the heat generated during its operation, making the realization complex and expensive. In addition, the design of the proposed windings generates a non-optimal coupling between said windings, which leads to losses of magnetic energy. DE 200 22 015 U1 and US 2007/296537 A1 disclose a transformer according to the preamble of claim 1. An object of the invention is to provide a high frequency power transformer performance - that is to say low losses and controlling the impedances in the frequency band considered - and of which the integration into an electronic circuit is simple, in order to offer an impedance transformation function at lower cost. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a high-frequency power transformer comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, characterized in that it is produced in a low-cost multilayer printed circuit board, for example of the FR4 type (FIG. known to those skilled in the art), comprising at least successively the following stacked layers: a first conductive layer, a first dielectric substrate layer, a second conductive layer, a second layer; of a dielectric substrate, and a third conductive layer, the primary winding being formed by turns printed in the second conductive layer, the secondary winding being formed by a first half-winding printed in the first conductive layer, the first half-winding. being connected to a second half-winding printed in the third conductive layer, the turns of the secondary winding being placed opposite the turns of the primary, the widths of the turns of the windings being chosen as a function of the thicknesses of the dielectric substrate layers, the instantaneous frequency band and the power of the high frequency signal passing through the transformer in order to minimize losses and to favor impedance matching in the RF band considered. Thus, the primary winding is clamped by the secondary winding, the choice of the width of the lines and the thickness of the substrate layers to optimize the capacitive coupling between the windings.

Selon un mode de réalisation, un orifice est formé au centre de la carte imprimée, le bloc ferromagnétique comprenant deux parties assemblées pour former un bloc binoculaire, chaque partie dudit bloc occupant un côté de la carte imprimée, la première partie dudit bloc étant formée d'un E extrudé, la branche centrale du E étant insérée dans l'orifice formé au centre de la carte imprimée, formant ainsi un noyau magnétique au centre des enroulements, la seconde partie dudit bloc étant formée d'une plaque sensiblement plane. La présence d'un noyau magnétique permet notamment d'obtenir une meilleure concentration du champ magnétique.According to one embodiment, an orifice is formed in the center of the printed circuit board, the ferromagnetic block comprising two parts assembled to form a binocular block, each part of said block occupying one side of the printed circuit board, the first part of said block being formed of an extruded E, the central leg of the E being inserted into the hole formed in the center of the printed circuit, thereby forming a magnetic core in the center of the windings, the second portion of said block being formed of a substantially planar plate. The presence of a magnetic core makes it possible in particular to obtain a better concentration of the magnetic field.

Selon l'invention, au moins une capacité est connectée entre au moins une spire d'un des enroulements, de préférence l'enroulement primaire, et une masse électrique afin d'améliorer le comportement du transformateur vis-à-vis des impédances qu'il présente dans la bande RF considérée. La présence de cette (ces) capacité(s) permet de mieux contrôler les impédances présentées par ledit enroulement dans la bande RF par rapport aux composants environnants, par exemple des transistors de puissance connectés en entrée du transformateur, particulièrement dans les fréquences élevées de la bande de fréquences de fonctionnement. La valeur de capacité est choisie en fonction du montage d'amplificateur utilisant ce transformateur RF.According to the invention, at least one capacitor is connected between at least one turn of one of the windings, preferably the primary winding, and an electrical ground in order to improve the behavior of the transformer with respect to the impedances that it presents in the considered RF band. The presence of this (these) capacitance (s) makes it possible to better control the impedances presented by said winding in the RF band with respect to the surrounding components, for example power transistors connected to the input of the transformer, particularly in the high frequencies of the frequency band of operation. The capacitance value is chosen according to the amplifier setup using this RF transformer.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les parties du bloc ferromagnétique sont en ferrite et possèdent des dimensions standards, permettant ainsi une réalisation du transformateur à faible coût.According to one embodiment, the ferromagnetic block parts are made of ferrite and have standard dimensions, thus enabling a low-cost transformer to be produced.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le transformateur est apte à fonctionner pour des signaux hautes fréquences compris dans une bande de fréquences instantanée entre 1 MHz et quelques dizaines de MHz, de préférence de 1 à 50 MHz.According to one embodiment, the transformer is able to operate for high frequency signals comprised in an instantaneous frequency band between 1 MHz and a few tens of MHz, preferably from 1 to 50 MHz.

De plus, le transformateur selon l'invention est apte à fonctionner à des puissances élevées, de l'ordre de 1 Watt à quelques dizaines de Watts.In addition, the transformer according to the invention is able to operate at high power, of the order of 1 Watt to a few tens of Watts.

Par ailleurs, les largeurs des spires des enroulements sont choisies en fonction de la bande de fréquences de fonctionnement du transformateur.Moreover, the widths of the turns of the windings are chosen according to the operating frequency band of the transformer.

L'invention a également pour objet une carte d'émetteur radioélectrique de puissance comportant un transformateur tel que décrit plus haut.The invention also relates to a radio transmitter power card comprising a transformer as described above.

D'autres caractéristiques apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée donnée à titre d'exemple et non limitative qui suit faite en regard de dessins annexés qui représentent :

  • la figure 1, une illustration d'une structure d'enroulements utilisée dans le transformateur de puissance selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2, une vue de dessus d'un circuit imprimé utilisé dans un transformateur selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 3a et 3b, un exemple de bloc de matériau ferromagnétique compris dans le transformateur selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 4, une vue en perspective d'un transformateur selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 5, une vue en coupe transversale du transformateur de la figure 4 ;
  • la figure 6, une illustration d'un deuxième mode de réalisation comprenant des capacités de compensation,
  • la figure 7, une illustration, à travers un graphique, de l'effet produit par l'adjonction de capacités de compensation sur l'adaptation d'impédance.
Other characteristics will become apparent on reading the detailed description given by way of nonlimiting example, which follows, with reference to appended drawings which represent:
  • the figure 1 an illustration of a winding structure used in the power transformer according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 a top view of a printed circuit used in a transformer according to the invention;
  • the Figures 3a and 3b an example of a block of ferromagnetic material included in the transformer according to the invention;
  • the figure 4 a perspective view of a transformer according to the invention;
  • the figure 5 , a cross-sectional view of the transformer of the figure 4 ;
  • the figure 6 an illustration of a second embodiment including compensation capabilities,
  • the figure 7 , an illustration, through a graph, of the effect produced by the addition of compensation capacitors on the impedance matching.

Les mêmes références dans des figures différentes désignent les mêmes éléments.The same references in different figures designate the same elements.

La figure 1, présente une structure d'enroulements utilisée dans le transformateur de puissance selon l'invention. Dans cet exemple, le transformateur de puissance 100 comporte un enroulement 101 pour le circuit primaire encadré par deux demi-enroulements 103, 103' appartenant au circuit secondaire. Chaque enroulement 101, 103, 103' est une piste imprimée dans une couche de circuit imprimé 201 multicouches, deux couches voisines comprenant un enroulement étant séparées par au moins une épaisseur E1, E2 de substrat diélectrique. Pour clarifier la figure 1, le substrat séparant les couches conductrices n'est pas représenté. Les demi-enroulements 103, 103' du secondaire sont reliés par un ou plusieurs vias métallisés 107. Les spires de l'enroulement 101 du primaire sont placées sensiblement parallèlement et en regard des spires des demi-enroulements 103, 103' du secondaire afin d'obtenir un couplage efficace entre le circuit primaire et le circuit secondaire du transformateur de puissance 100. De plus, comme la couche C2 dans laquelle est imprimé l'enroulement 101 du circuit primaire est encadrée par deux couches C1, C3 sur lesquelles sont imprimés les demi-enroulements 103, 103' du secondaire, les fuites magnétiques sont minimisées.The figure 1 , has a windings structure used in the power transformer according to the invention. In this example, the power transformer 100 comprises a winding 101 for the primary circuit framed by two half-windings 103, 103 'belonging to the secondary circuit. Each winding 101, 103, 103 'is a printed track in a multilayer printed circuit layer 201, two neighboring layers comprising a winding being separated by at least one thickness E1, E2 of dielectric substrate. To clarify the figure 1 the substrate separating the conductive layers is not shown. The half-windings 103, 103 'of the secondary are connected by one or more metallized vias 107. The turns of the winding 101 of the primary are placed substantially parallel and opposite the turns of the half-windings 103, 103' of the secondary to to obtain an efficient coupling between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit of the power transformer 100. In addition, since the layer C2 in which the winding 101 of the primary circuit is printed is framed by two layers C1, C3 on which are printed the secondary half-windings 103, 103 ', magnetic leakage is minimized.

La figure 2 présente une vue en perspective d'un circuit imprimé utilisé dans un transformateur selon l'invention.The figure 2 presents a perspective view of a printed circuit used in a transformer according to the invention.

Le transformateur selon l'invention comporte un circuit imprimé multicouches 201 comprenant les enroulements 101, 103, 103' tels que présentés en figure 1. Le circuit imprimé 201 comprend un orifice central 202 autour duquel les enroulements 101, 103, 103' sont imprimés. Sur la figure 2, seul le premier demi-enroulement 103 du circuit secondaire est visible, l'enroulement 101 du circuit primaire et le deuxième demi-enroulement 103' du circuit secondaire étant imprimés dans des couches intérieures du circuit imprimé 201.The transformer according to the invention comprises a multilayer printed circuit 201 comprising the windings 101, 103, 103 'as presented in FIG. figure 1 . The printed circuit 201 comprises a central orifice 202 around which the windings 101, 103, 103 'are printed. On the figure 2 only the first half-winding 103 of the secondary circuit is visible, the winding 101 of the primary circuit and the second half-winding 103 'of the secondary circuit being printed in inner layers of the printed circuit 201.

La figure 3a présente un exemple de bloc de matériau ferromagnétique 203 faisant partie du transformateur selon l'invention, le bloc étant en deux parties 203a, 203b représentées séparément sur la figure.The figure 3a shows an example of a block of ferromagnetic material 203 forming part of the transformer according to the invention, the block being in two parts 203a, 203b shown separately in the figure.

Dans l'exemple, le bloc ferromagnétique 203 comporte une première partie 203a en forme de E extrudé et une seconde partie 203b parallélépipédique dont la largeur I1 et la longueur I2 sont sensiblement égales à celles de la première partie 203a. En d'autres termes, la première partie 203a du bloc 203 est une plaque dont un flanc F1 est pourvu de trois excroissances 204, 204', 204" sensiblement parallélépipédiques et de mêmes dimensions s'ajoutant à l'épaisseur de la plaque, une première excroissance 204 étant placée, dans l'exemple, dans la largeur I1 sur un premier bord B1 de la plaque, une deuxième excroissance 204' étant placée sensiblement au centre, la troisième excroissance 204" étant placée sur le bord B2 opposé à celui B1 de la première excroissance 204. La seconde partie 203b du bloc ferromagnétique 203 est une plaque ayant, dans l'exemple, sensiblement les mêmes dimensions I1, I2 que la plaque de la première partie 203a. En outre, contrairement à la plaque de la première partie 203a, la seconde partie 203b du bloc ferromagnétique 203 est dépourvue d'excroissances.In the example, the ferromagnetic block 203 comprises a first portion 203a in the form of an extruded E and a second portion 203b parallelepiped whose width I1 and length I2 are substantially equal to those of the first portion 203a. In other words, the first part 203a of the block 203 is a plate whose flank F1 is provided with three protuberances 204, 204 ', 204 "substantially parallelepipedal and of the same dimensions in addition to the thickness of the plate. first protrusion 204 being placed, in the example, in the width I1 on a first edge B1 of the plate, a second protrusion 204 'being placed substantially in the center, the third protrusion 204 "being placed on the edge B2 opposite that B1 of the first protrusion 204. The second portion 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 is a plate having, in the example, substantially the same dimensions I1, I2 as the plate of the first portion 203a. In addition, unlike the plate of the first portion 203a, the second portion 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 is devoid of growths.

Ainsi, comme l'illustre la figure 3b, lorsqu'un flanc F3 de la seconde partie 203b est accolée aux excroissances 204, 204', 204" de la première partie 203a, le bloc de matériau ferromagnétique 203 prend la forme d'un bloc binoculaire, c'est à dire, dans l'exemple, un bloc sensiblement parallélépipédique dans lequel deux orifices 207, 207' distincts sont pratiqués. La forme binoculaire du bloc ferromagnétique 203 permet de concentrer les lignes de champ magnétique afin d'étendre la bande de fonctionnement du transformateur 100 vers les fréquences les plus basses (de l'ordre de 1 MHz). De fait, cette forme de bloc 203 permet également d'améliorer le blindage électromagnétique du transformateur 100. Ce blindage peut en outre être amélioré par l'insertion de vias sur le pourtour du circuit imprimé 201 et/ou de plages de masse disposées de part et d'autre des enroulements 101, 103, 103'.Thus, as illustrated by figure 3b when a flank F3 of the second portion 203b is contiguous with the protuberances 204, 204 ', 204 "of the first portion 203a, the block of ferromagnetic material 203 takes the form of a binocular block, that is to say, in For example, a substantially parallelepipedal block in which two distinct orifices 207, 207 'are formed, The binocular shape of the ferromagnetic block 203 makes it possible to concentrate the magnetic field lines in order to extend the operating band of the transformer 100 towards the frequencies This form of block 203 also makes it possible to improve the electromagnetic shielding of the transformer 100. This shielding can also be improved by inserting vias around the periphery of the circuit. printed 201 and / or ground pads disposed on either side of the windings 101, 103, 103 '.

Les deux parties 203a, 203b du bloc ferromagnétique 203 sont constituées de ferrite, dont la perméabilité µ est assez élevée (de l'ordre de 700-1000) afin d'assurer un bon fonctionnement pour des fréquences basses. Dans l'exemple, les deux parties 203a, 203b du bloc ferromagnétique 203 sont maintenues ensemble simplement grâce à une tige métallique 205 enserrant les deux parties 203a, 203b. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, un collage est effectué pour maintenir les deux parties 203a, 203b ensemble.The two parts 203a, 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 consist of ferrite, whose permeability μ is quite high (of the order of 700-1000) to ensure proper operation for frequencies bass. In the example, the two parts 203a, 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 are held together simply by means of a metal rod 205 enclosing the two parts 203a, 203b. According to another embodiment, a bonding is performed to hold the two parts 203a, 203b together.

La figure 4 présente une vue en perspective d'un transformateur selon l'invention comprenant le circuit imprimé de la figure 2a dans lequel la première partie 203a du bloc ferromagnétique 203 est encastrée. La figure 5 présente une vue de ce transformateur en coupe transversale. La deuxième excroissance 204' de la plaque est insérée dans l'orifice central 202 du circuit imprimé 201 et les première 204 et troisième 204" excroissances, encadrent les enroulements du circuit imprimé 201 sur ses côtés, de sorte que lorsque la seconde partie 203b du bloc 203 est accolée à la première partie 203a, le bloc ferromagnétique 203 composé des deux parties accolées enveloppe le circuit imprimé 201 et forme un noyau magnétique au centre dudit circuit 201.The figure 4 presents a perspective view of a transformer according to the invention comprising the printed circuit of the figure 2a wherein the first portion 203a of the ferromagnetic block 203 is embedded. The figure 5 presents a view of this transformer in cross section. The second protrusion 204 'of the plate is inserted into the central orifice 202 of the printed circuit 201 and the first 204 and third 204 "protuberances frame the windings of the printed circuit 201 on its sides, so that when the second portion 203b of the block 203 is contiguous with the first part 203a, the ferromagnetic block 203 composed of the two contiguous parts envelops the printed circuit 201 and forms a magnetic core in the center of said circuit 201.

Selon un mode de réalisation du transformateur selon l'invention, une interface thermique est plaquée sur le bloc ferromagnétique 203 pour dissiper les calories issues des pertes magnétiques à l'intérieur dudit bloc 203.According to one embodiment of the transformer according to the invention, a thermal interface is pressed on the ferromagnetic block 203 to dissipate the calories from the magnetic losses inside said block 203.

Contrairement à un transformateur d'alimentation planaire classique, le transformateur RF selon l'invention exploite le couplage capacitif entre les enroulements primaire 101 et secondaire 103, 103' (figure 1). En effet, aux fréquences de fonctionnement, c'est à dire en radiofréquence, un couplage capacitif apparaît entre les spires des enroulements placés en vis à vis 101, 103 et 101, 103', ce couplage capacitif permettant d'améliorer le comportement du transformateur (impédances des enroulements) notamment vis-à-vis des transistors de puissance éventuellement connectés en entrée du transformateur selon l'invention, particulièrement aux fréquences les plus élevées. Les largeurs des spires (c'est à dire des pistes imprimées) sont notamment choisies en fonction des épaisseurs E1, E2 (figure 1) des couches de substrat diélectrique, plus l'épaisseur E1, E2 de substrat étant importante, plus les spires des enroulements 101, 103, 103' devant être élargies pour favoriser le couplage capacitif entre les enroulements 101, 103 et 101, 103'. La puissance du courant traversant le transformateur est également une variable prise en compte dans le choix de la largeur des spires.Unlike a conventional planar power transformer, the RF transformer according to the invention exploits the capacitive coupling between the primary 101 and secondary 101, 103 'windings ( figure 1 ). Indeed, at operating frequencies, that is to say radiofrequency, a capacitive coupling occurs between the turns of the windings placed opposite 101, 103 and 101, 103 ', this capacitive coupling to improve the behavior of the transformer (impedances of the windings) in particular vis-à-vis the power transistors possibly connected to the input of the transformer according to the invention, particularly at the highest frequencies. The widths of the turns (ie printed tracks) are chosen in particular as a function of the thicknesses E1, E2 ( figure 1 dielectric substrate layers, the greater the thickness E1, E2 of the substrate, the greater the turns of the windings 101, 103, 103 'to be enlarged to promote capacitive coupling between the windings 101, 103 and 101, 103'. The power of Current flowing through the transformer is also a variable taken into account in choosing the width of the turns.

La figure 6 présente une illustration d'un deuxième mode de réalisation comprenant des capacités de compensation. Dans l'exemple, la première connexion d'une capacité 601 a, 601 b, 601 c est connectée à chaque spire de l'enroulement 101 du circuit primaire. La deuxième connexion de chacune de ces capacités 601 a, 601 b, 601 c est reliée à une masse électrique 602. L'ajout de ces capacités 601 a, 601 b, 601 c permet d'améliorer l'adaptation du transformateur à son environnement, par exemple l'adaptation à des transistors de puissance connectés au transformateur, particulièrement dans les fréquences élevées, dans l'exemple dans une bande de fréquences de 15 MHz à 50 MHz. Ces capacités 601 a, 601 b, 601 c connectées en parallèle entre l'enroulement considéré et la masse compensent de manière originale les imperfections du transformateur en créant une ligne de transmission avec la composante selfique de l'enroulement considéré. Elles peuvent éventuellement être remplacées par des éléments capacitifs différents, voire des composants plus complexes (par exemple des réseaux LC) afin de modifier plus favorablement le comportement du transformateur dans la bande, notamment aux fréquences les plus élevées.The figure 6 shows an illustration of a second embodiment including compensation capabilities. In the example, the first connection of a capacitance 601a, 601b, 601c is connected to each turn of the winding 101 of the primary circuit. The second connection of each of these capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c is connected to an electrical ground 602. The addition of these capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c makes it possible to improve the adaptation of the transformer to its environment , for example the adaptation to power transistors connected to the transformer, particularly in the high frequencies, in the example in a frequency band of 15 MHz to 50 MHz. These capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c connected in parallel between the winding considered and the ground compensate in an original way the imperfections of the transformer by creating a transmission line with the inductive component of the considered winding. They may possibly be replaced by different capacitive elements, or even more complex components (for example LC networks) in order to modify more favorably the behavior of the transformer in the band, in particular at the highest frequencies.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, pour améliorer le contrôle des impédances, des éléments capacitifs supplémentaires peuvent être branchés en parallèle de l'enroulement primaire ou, comme proposé par le brevet US5015972 susmentionné en préambule, entre les spires d'un même enroulement.According to another embodiment, to improve the impedance control, additional capacitive elements can be connected in parallel with the primary winding or, as proposed by the patent US5015972 mentioned above in the preamble between the turns of the same winding.

La figure 7 illustre, à travers un graphique, l'effet produit par l'adjonction de capacités 601 a, 601 b, 601 c de compensation connectées entre les spires de l'enroulement primaire 101 et la masse électrique 602 (figure 6). Une première courbe 701 montre l'évolution du coefficient de réflexion S11 d'un transformateur sans capacité de compensation en fonction de la fréquence du signal entrant dans le transformateur. Une seconde courbe 702 montre l'évolution du coefficient de réflexion S11 d'un transformateur comprenant capacité de compensation en fonction de la fréquence du signal entrant dans le transformateur. L'adaptation du transformateur est améliorée, particulièrement au niveau des hautes fréquences.The figure 7 illustrates, through a graph, the effect produced by the addition of capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c of compensation connected between the turns of the primary winding 101 and the electrical earth 602 ( figure 6 ). A first curve 701 shows the evolution of the reflection coefficient S11 of a transformer without compensation capacity as a function of the frequency of the signal entering the transformer. A second curve 702 shows the evolution of the reflection coefficient S11 of a transformer comprising compensation capacity as a function of the frequency of the signal entering the transformer. The adaptation of the transformer is improved, especially at high frequencies.

Un avantage du transformateur selon l'invention est son faible coût de fabrication, notamment parce que le circuit imprimé multicouches utilisé peut être un circuit standard à faible coût. De plus, la structure du transformateur selon l'invention permet de simplifier la connexion de composants au circuit primaire et au circuit secondaire. En effet, le transformateur étant formé à partir d'un circuit imprimé multicouches, aucune manipulation de report (c'est à dire un brasage manuel) n'est requis pour intégrer le transformateur dans un circuit existant.An advantage of the transformer according to the invention is its low manufacturing cost, in particular because the multilayer printed circuit used can be a standard circuit at low cost. In addition, the structure of the transformer according to the invention simplifies the connection of components to the primary circuit and the secondary circuit. Indeed, the transformer being formed from a multilayer printed circuit, no transfer manipulation (ie a manual soldering) is required to integrate the transformer in an existing circuit.

Par ailleurs, le transformateur de puissance RF selon l'invention limite les pertes de couplage magnétique par rapport à la structure proposée dans le brevet US5015972 cité dans le préambule, notamment grâce à sa structure d'enroulements dans laquelle le circuit primaire est encadré au-dessus et au-dessous par le circuit secondaire.Moreover, the RF power transformer according to the invention limits the losses of magnetic coupling with respect to the structure proposed in FIG. US5015972 cited in the preamble, in particular because of its winding structure in which the primary circuit is framed above and below by the secondary circuit.

Claims (6)

  1. A high frequency power transformer comprising a primary winding (101) and a secondary winding (103, 103'), said transformer being produced in a multilayer printed circuit board (201) comprising at least the following stacked layers in succession: a first conductive layer (C1), a first layer of dielectric substrate (E1), a second conductive layer (C2), a second layer of dielectric substrate (E2), and a third conductive layer (C3), the primary winding (101) being formed by turns printed in the second conductive layer (C2), the secondary winding (103, 103') being formed by a first half-winding (103) printed in the first conductive layer (C1), this first half-winding being connected to a second half-winding (103') printed in the third conductive layer, the turns of the secondary winding (103, 103') being placed opposite to the turns of the primary winding (101), the widths of the turns of the windings (101, 103, 103') being chosen as a function of the thicknesses of the layers of dielectric substrate, of the instantaneous frequency band and of the power of the high-frequency signal passing through the transformer, characterised in that at least one capacitive element (601a, 601b, 601c) is connected between at least one turn of one of the windings (101, 103, 103') and an electric ground (602).
  2. The radiofrequency power transformer according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one capacitive element (601a, 601b, 601c) is connected between at least one turn of the primary winding (101) and an electric ground (602).
  3. The radiofrequency power transformer according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that an orifice (202) is formed at the centre of the printed board (201), a ferromagnetic block comprising at least two portions (203a, 203b) assembled to form a binocular block, each portion of said block occupying one side of the printed board, the first portion (203a) of said block being formed of an extruded E, the central branch of the E (204') being inserted into the orifice (202) formed at the centre of the printed board, thus forming a magnetic core at the centre of the windings, the second portion (203b) of said block being formed of a substantially flat plate.
  4. The radiofrequency power transformer according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is capable of operating for instantaneous frequency band signals of between 1 MHz and 50 MHz.
  5. The radiofrequency power transformer according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that said board (201) is held tightly above and below by two plates (203a, 203b) of ferromagnetic material assembled to form a binocular block, the first portion (203a) of said block being formed of an extruded E, the central branch of the E (204') being inserted into an orifice (202) formed at the centre of the printed board, thus forming a magnetic core at the centre of the windings, the second portion (203b) of said block being formed of a substantially flat plate.
  6. A radiofrequency power transmitter board, characterised in that it comprises a transformer according to any of the preceding claims.
EP09735922.8A 2008-04-22 2009-04-14 Power transformer for radiofrequency signals Active EP2274753B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0802247A FR2930368B1 (en) 2008-04-22 2008-04-22 POWER TRANSFORMER FOR RADIO FREQUENCY SIGNALS.
PCT/EP2009/054378 WO2009130139A1 (en) 2008-04-22 2009-04-14 Power transformer for radiofrequency signals

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EP2274753A1 EP2274753A1 (en) 2011-01-19
EP2274753B1 true EP2274753B1 (en) 2017-06-07

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WO (1) WO2009130139A1 (en)

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FR2930368A1 (en) 2009-10-23
FR2930368B1 (en) 2011-10-07
WO2009130139A1 (en) 2009-10-29
EP2274753A1 (en) 2011-01-19
US20110109417A1 (en) 2011-05-12

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