EP2274753B1 - Leistungswandler für hochfrequenzsignale - Google Patents

Leistungswandler für hochfrequenzsignale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2274753B1
EP2274753B1 EP09735922.8A EP09735922A EP2274753B1 EP 2274753 B1 EP2274753 B1 EP 2274753B1 EP 09735922 A EP09735922 A EP 09735922A EP 2274753 B1 EP2274753 B1 EP 2274753B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
winding
transformer
printed
windings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09735922.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2274753A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Bertram
Charles Richardeau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Publication of EP2274753A1 publication Critical patent/EP2274753A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2274753B1 publication Critical patent/EP2274753B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F19/00—Fixed transformers or mutual inductances of the signal type
    • H01F19/04—Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type 
    • H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
    • H01F17/0013—Printed inductances with stacked layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H01F2027/2819—Planar transformers with printed windings, e.g. surrounded by two cores and to be mounted on printed circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power transformer for radiofrequency signals.
  • the invention applies in particular to the realization of RF radio transmitting terminals.
  • Power transformers are generally made by wire windings on cores of ferromagnetic materials. This artisanal achievement has an impact on the cost of manufacturing the transformer. Also, other types of transformer, made with printed coils, have been proposed to facilitate their manufacture.
  • a planar transformer has been proposed by Motorola Inc in the US patent published under the reference US5015972 .
  • the planar transformer has two printed turns separated by a dielectric layer. Capacitors may also be provided to interconnect two printed turns to improve the performance of the transformer in the operating frequency band.
  • the structure of this transformer uses a thermal conductive substrate to dissipate the heat generated during its operation, making the realization complex and expensive.
  • the design of the proposed windings generates a non-optimal coupling between said windings, which leads to losses of magnetic energy.
  • DE 200 22 015 U1 and US 2007/296537 A1 disclose a transformer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a high frequency power transformer performance - that is to say low losses and controlling the impedances in the frequency band considered - and of which the integration into an electronic circuit is simple, in order to offer an impedance transformation function at lower cost.
  • the subject of the invention is a high-frequency power transformer comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, characterized in that it is produced in a low-cost multilayer printed circuit board, for example of the FR4 type (FIG.
  • a first conductive layer a first dielectric substrate layer, a second conductive layer, a second layer; of a dielectric substrate, and a third conductive layer
  • the primary winding being formed by turns printed in the second conductive layer
  • the secondary winding being formed by a first half-winding printed in the first conductive layer, the first half-winding.
  • the turns of the secondary winding being placed opposite the turns of the primary, the widths of the turns of the windings being chosen as a function of the thicknesses of the dielectric substrate layers, the instantaneous frequency band and the power of the high frequency signal passing through the transformer in order to minimize losses and to favor impedance matching in the RF band considered.
  • the primary winding is clamped by the secondary winding, the choice of the width of the lines and the thickness of the substrate layers to optimize the capacitive coupling between the windings.
  • an orifice is formed in the center of the printed circuit board, the ferromagnetic block comprising two parts assembled to form a binocular block, each part of said block occupying one side of the printed circuit board, the first part of said block being formed of an extruded E, the central leg of the E being inserted into the hole formed in the center of the printed circuit, thereby forming a magnetic core in the center of the windings, the second portion of said block being formed of a substantially planar plate.
  • the presence of a magnetic core makes it possible in particular to obtain a better concentration of the magnetic field.
  • At least one capacitor is connected between at least one turn of one of the windings, preferably the primary winding, and an electrical ground in order to improve the behavior of the transformer with respect to the impedances that it presents in the considered RF band.
  • This (these) capacitance (s) makes it possible to better control the impedances presented by said winding in the RF band with respect to the surrounding components, for example power transistors connected to the input of the transformer, particularly in the high frequencies of the frequency band of operation.
  • the capacitance value is chosen according to the amplifier setup using this RF transformer.
  • the ferromagnetic block parts are made of ferrite and have standard dimensions, thus enabling a low-cost transformer to be produced.
  • the transformer is able to operate for high frequency signals comprised in an instantaneous frequency band between 1 MHz and a few tens of MHz, preferably from 1 to 50 MHz.
  • the transformer according to the invention is able to operate at high power, of the order of 1 Watt to a few tens of Watts.
  • the widths of the turns of the windings are chosen according to the operating frequency band of the transformer.
  • the invention also relates to a radio transmitter power card comprising a transformer as described above.
  • the figure 1 has a windings structure used in the power transformer according to the invention.
  • the power transformer 100 comprises a winding 101 for the primary circuit framed by two half-windings 103, 103 'belonging to the secondary circuit.
  • Each winding 101, 103, 103 ' is a printed track in a multilayer printed circuit layer 201, two neighboring layers comprising a winding being separated by at least one thickness E1, E2 of dielectric substrate.
  • E1, E2 of dielectric substrate the substrate separating the conductive layers is not shown.
  • the half-windings 103, 103 'of the secondary are connected by one or more metallized vias 107.
  • the turns of the winding 101 of the primary are placed substantially parallel and opposite the turns of the half-windings 103, 103' of the secondary to to obtain an efficient coupling between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit of the power transformer 100.
  • the layer C2 in which the winding 101 of the primary circuit is printed is framed by two layers C1, C3 on which are printed the secondary half-windings 103, 103 ', magnetic leakage is minimized.
  • the figure 2 presents a perspective view of a printed circuit used in a transformer according to the invention.
  • the transformer according to the invention comprises a multilayer printed circuit 201 comprising the windings 101, 103, 103 'as presented in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the printed circuit 201 comprises a central orifice 202 around which the windings 101, 103, 103 'are printed.
  • On the figure 2 only the first half-winding 103 of the secondary circuit is visible, the winding 101 of the primary circuit and the second half-winding 103 'of the secondary circuit being printed in inner layers of the printed circuit 201.
  • the figure 3a shows an example of a block of ferromagnetic material 203 forming part of the transformer according to the invention, the block being in two parts 203a, 203b shown separately in the figure.
  • the ferromagnetic block 203 comprises a first portion 203a in the form of an extruded E and a second portion 203b parallelepiped whose width I1 and length I2 are substantially equal to those of the first portion 203a.
  • the first part 203a of the block 203 is a plate whose flank F1 is provided with three protuberances 204, 204 ', 204 "substantially parallelepipedal and of the same dimensions in addition to the thickness of the plate.
  • the second portion 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 is a plate having, in the example, substantially the same dimensions I1, I2 as the plate of the first portion 203a.
  • the second portion 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 is devoid of growths.
  • the block of ferromagnetic material 203 takes the form of a binocular block, that is to say, in For example, a substantially parallelepipedal block in which two distinct orifices 207, 207 'are formed.
  • the binocular shape of the ferromagnetic block 203 makes it possible to concentrate the magnetic field lines in order to extend the operating band of the transformer 100 towards the frequencies
  • This form of block 203 also makes it possible to improve the electromagnetic shielding of the transformer 100.
  • This shielding can also be improved by inserting vias around the periphery of the circuit.
  • printed 201 and / or ground pads disposed on either side of the windings 101, 103, 103 '.
  • the two parts 203a, 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 consist of ferrite, whose permeability ⁇ is quite high (of the order of 700-1000) to ensure proper operation for frequencies bass.
  • the two parts 203a, 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 are held together simply by means of a metal rod 205 enclosing the two parts 203a, 203b.
  • a bonding is performed to hold the two parts 203a, 203b together.
  • the figure 4 presents a perspective view of a transformer according to the invention comprising the printed circuit of the figure 2a wherein the first portion 203a of the ferromagnetic block 203 is embedded.
  • the figure 5 presents a view of this transformer in cross section.
  • the second protrusion 204 'of the plate is inserted into the central orifice 202 of the printed circuit 201 and the first 204 and third 204 "protuberances frame the windings of the printed circuit 201 on its sides, so that when the second portion 203b of the block 203 is contiguous with the first part 203a, the ferromagnetic block 203 composed of the two contiguous parts envelops the printed circuit 201 and forms a magnetic core in the center of said circuit 201.
  • a thermal interface is pressed on the ferromagnetic block 203 to dissipate the calories from the magnetic losses inside said block 203.
  • the RF transformer according to the invention exploits the capacitive coupling between the primary 101 and secondary 101, 103 'windings ( figure 1 ). Indeed, at operating frequencies, that is to say radiofrequency, a capacitive coupling occurs between the turns of the windings placed opposite 101, 103 and 101, 103 ', this capacitive coupling to improve the behavior of the transformer (impedances of the windings) in particular vis-à-vis the power transistors possibly connected to the input of the transformer according to the invention, particularly at the highest frequencies.
  • the widths of the turns are chosen in particular as a function of the thicknesses E1, E2 ( figure 1 dielectric substrate layers, the greater the thickness E1, E2 of the substrate, the greater the turns of the windings 101, 103, 103 'to be enlarged to promote capacitive coupling between the windings 101, 103 and 101, 103'.
  • the power of Current flowing through the transformer is also a variable taken into account in choosing the width of the turns.
  • the figure 6 shows an illustration of a second embodiment including compensation capabilities.
  • the first connection of a capacitance 601a, 601b, 601c is connected to each turn of the winding 101 of the primary circuit.
  • the second connection of each of these capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c is connected to an electrical ground 602.
  • the addition of these capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c makes it possible to improve the adaptation of the transformer to its environment , for example the adaptation to power transistors connected to the transformer, particularly in the high frequencies, in the example in a frequency band of 15 MHz to 50 MHz.
  • capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c connected in parallel between the winding considered and the ground compensate in an original way the imperfections of the transformer by creating a transmission line with the inductive component of the considered winding. They may possibly be replaced by different capacitive elements, or even more complex components (for example LC networks) in order to modify more favorably the behavior of the transformer in the band, in particular at the highest frequencies.
  • additional capacitive elements can be connected in parallel with the primary winding or, as proposed by the patent US5015972 mentioned above in the preamble between the turns of the same winding.
  • the figure 7 illustrates, through a graph, the effect produced by the addition of capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c of compensation connected between the turns of the primary winding 101 and the electrical earth 602 ( figure 6 ).
  • a first curve 701 shows the evolution of the reflection coefficient S11 of a transformer without compensation capacity as a function of the frequency of the signal entering the transformer.
  • a second curve 702 shows the evolution of the reflection coefficient S11 of a transformer comprising compensation capacity as a function of the frequency of the signal entering the transformer.
  • the adaptation of the transformer is improved, especially at high frequencies.
  • An advantage of the transformer according to the invention is its low manufacturing cost, in particular because the multilayer printed circuit used can be a standard circuit at low cost.
  • the structure of the transformer according to the invention simplifies the connection of components to the primary circuit and the secondary circuit. Indeed, the transformer being formed from a multilayer printed circuit, no transfer manipulation (ie a manual soldering) is required to integrate the transformer in an existing circuit.
  • the RF power transformer according to the invention limits the losses of magnetic coupling with respect to the structure proposed in FIG. US5015972 cited in the preamble, in particular because of its winding structure in which the primary circuit is framed above and below by the secondary circuit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Hochfrequenzleistungstransformator, der eine Primärwicklung (101) und eine Sekundärwicklung (103, 103') umfasst, wobei der Transformator in einer mehrschichtigen gedruckten Leiterkarte (201) realisiert ist, die wenigstens aufeinanderfolgend die folgenden übereinanderliegenden Schichten umfasst: eine erste leitende Schicht (C1), eine erste dielektrische Substratschicht (E1), eine zweite leitende Schicht (C2), eine zweite dielektrische Substratschicht (E2) und eine dritte leitende Schicht (C3), wobei die Primärwicklung (101) durch gedruckte Windungen in der zweiten leitenden Schicht (C2) gebildet ist, wobei die Sekundärwicklung (103, 103') durch eine erste Halbwicklung (103) gebildet ist, die in die erste leitende Schicht (C1) gedruckt ist, wobei diese erste Halbwicklung mit einer zweiten Halbwicklung (103') verbunden ist, die in die dritte leitende Schicht gedruckt ist, wobei die Windungen der Sekundärwicklung (103, 103') gegenüber den Windungen der Primärwicklung (101) platziert sind, wobei die Breiten der Windungen der Wicklungen (101, 103, 103') in Abhängigkeit von den Dicken der dielektrischen Substratschichten, des momentanen Frequenzbandes und der Leistung des den Transformator durchlaufenden Hochfrequenzsignals gewählt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein kapazitives Element (601a, 601b, 601c) zwischen wenigstens einer Windung von einer der Wicklungen (101, 103, 103') und einer elektrischen Masse (602) geschaltet ist.
  2. Radiofrequenzleistungstransformator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein kapazitives Element (601, 601b, 601c) zwischen wenigstens einer Windung der Primärwicklung (101) und einer elektrischen Masse (602) geschaltet ist.
  3. Radiofrequenzleistungstransformator nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Loch (202) in der Mitte der gedruckten Karte (201) ausgebildet ist, wobei ein ferromagnetischer Block wenigstens zwei Teile (203a, 203b) umfasst, die zum Bilden eines binokularen Blocks zusammengefügt sind, wobei jeder Teil des Blocks eine Seite der gedruckten Karte einnimmt, wobei der erste Teil (203a) des Blocks aus einem extrudierten E gebildet ist, wobei der mittlere Zweig des E (204') in das in der Mitte der gedruckten Karte gebildete Loch (202) eingefügt wird, so dass ein Magnetkern in der Mitte der Wicklungen entsteht, wobei der zweite Teil (203b) des Blocks von einer im Wesentlichen ebenen Platte gebildet ist.
  4. Radiofrequenzleistungstransformator nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er für Signale im momentanen Frequenzband zwischen 1 MHz und 50 MHz funktioniert.
  5. Radiofrequenzleistungstransformator nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Karte (201) oberhalb und unterhalb durch zwei Platten (203a, 203b) aus ferromagnetischen Material eingeschlossen sind, die zum Bilden eines binokularen Blocks zusammengefügt sind, wobei der erste Teil (203a) des Blocks von einem extrudierten E gebildet wird, wobei der mittlere Zweig des E (204') in ein in der Mitte der gedruckten Karte ausgebildetes Loch (202) eingefügt wird, sodass ein Magnetkern in der Mitte der Wicklungen gebildet wird, wobei der zweite Teil (203b) des Blocks von einer im Wesentlichen ebenen Platte gebildet wird.
  6. Radiofrequenzleistungssenderkarte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Transformator nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche umfasst.
EP09735922.8A 2008-04-22 2009-04-14 Leistungswandler für hochfrequenzsignale Active EP2274753B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0802247A FR2930368B1 (fr) 2008-04-22 2008-04-22 Transformateur de puissance pour signaux radiofrequences.
PCT/EP2009/054378 WO2009130139A1 (fr) 2008-04-22 2009-04-14 Transformateur de puissance pour signaux radiofréquences

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2274753A1 EP2274753A1 (de) 2011-01-19
EP2274753B1 true EP2274753B1 (de) 2017-06-07

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EP09735922.8A Active EP2274753B1 (de) 2008-04-22 2009-04-14 Leistungswandler für hochfrequenzsignale

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20110109417A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2274753B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2930368B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2009130139A1 (de)

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US9009951B2 (en) 2012-04-24 2015-04-21 Cyntec Co., Ltd. Method of fabricating an electromagnetic component
US10134518B2 (en) * 2012-06-15 2018-11-20 Qorvo Us, Inc. Radio frequency transmission line transformer
US11227825B2 (en) * 2015-12-21 2022-01-18 Intel Corporation High performance integrated RF passives using dual lithography process
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FR3079981B1 (fr) * 2018-04-06 2020-05-01 Eca Robotics Machine electrique comportant un dispositif de dissipation thermique
US10600628B1 (en) * 2018-11-15 2020-03-24 Mks Instruments, Inc. Resonant transmission line to deliver precision RF voltage
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CN117995531B (zh) * 2024-04-03 2024-07-23 锐石创芯(深圳)科技股份有限公司 射频功率放大器、射频前端模组

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2274753A1 (de) 2011-01-19
WO2009130139A1 (fr) 2009-10-29
FR2930368A1 (fr) 2009-10-23
US20110109417A1 (en) 2011-05-12
FR2930368B1 (fr) 2011-10-07

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