EP2269024A1 - Wirkungsgradüberwachung eines verdichters - Google Patents
Wirkungsgradüberwachung eines verdichtersInfo
- Publication number
- EP2269024A1 EP2269024A1 EP09738061A EP09738061A EP2269024A1 EP 2269024 A1 EP2269024 A1 EP 2269024A1 EP 09738061 A EP09738061 A EP 09738061A EP 09738061 A EP09738061 A EP 09738061A EP 2269024 A1 EP2269024 A1 EP 2269024A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stage
- efficiency
- compressor
- pressure
- parameters
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/14—Testing gas-turbine engines or jet-propulsion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for monitoring the efficiency of an at least two-stage compressor in the compression of a process medium, in which a flow rate through the compressor, - an inlet pressure of the drawn process medium, an outlet pressure of the compressed process medium, an inlet temperature of the drawn process medium, an outlet temperature of the compressed Process medium, are determined as parameters and a power factor from the parameters is determined by means of calculation.
- the monitoring of turbocompressors during operation currently comprises essentially the following parameters: shaft vibration and position, bearing temperatures and other variables in which the state of a component or part of a plant can be concluded from a single measurement.
- shaft vibration and position With regard to economical operation of a compressor, it is of particular interest with which efficiency the compression process takes place. To determine this, several measurements are required whose signals are offset against each other. The result of this calculation is a measure of the efficiency of the compressor (e.g., polytropic or isentropic efficiency). Danben allow sufficiently precise efficiency determinations and conclusions about the technical condition of the compressor and whether it must be corrected.
- the determination of the loss of efficiency is relatively problematic in particular because the efficiency is always a function of the operating point, which is determined by a large number of influencing variables of a multi-dimensional parameter field and changes must therefore always refer to the same operating conditions in order to make a statement in the required To be able to do accuracy.
- the invention has therefore set itself the task of determining the efficiency of a compressor, in particular a turbo compressor so precisely that statements about the absolute loss of the efficiency of the system during operation are possible.
- efficiency is often referred to hereinafter by the reference numeral, the efficiency is not determined by the polytropic efficiency but may be any form of efficiency, unless a clear limitation is otherwise imposed.
- the compressor can have virtually any number of stages. Realistic arrangements usually have a number of steps of up to 8 levels.
- a temperature of a coolant of an intermediate cooling can not bring sufficiently accurate knowledge about the inlet temperature in a subsequent stage, let alone make the conclusions on changes in efficiency.
- the outlet temperature from the upstream stage can be set equal to the inlet temperature in the downstream stage.
- the measurement of the ambient pressure replaces the measurement of the inlet pressure in the first stage.
- the modules are present as program parts in a computer, the required data either directly from the machine control or the compressor control or has its own input channels for the measured variables or uses stored measurement data.
- the gas composition can be determined as an input for the calculation by means of the modules, in particular if this is variable.
- a manual input but preferably an automatic detection via a continuous gas analysis can be provided.
- a recooling temperature controller e.g. in the form of a cooling water flow regulator or regulated air cooler, which always ensure the same outlet temperature from the intercooler despite possibly varying input temperature.
- This case corresponds to an indirect measurement of the inlet temperature, since such a precise regulation of the recooling temperature requires a measurement of temperatures in the intermediate cooling.
- ⁇ po i is the polytropic efficiency of the stage n
- v the polytropic ratio
- Cp the specific heat capacity averaged over the corresponding one Pressure and temperature range
- R the ideal gas constant
- Ta the outlet temperature
- Te the inlet temperature
- Pa the outlet pressure
- Pe the inlet pressure
- the efficiency can be achieved by means of a numerical integration of a real gas equation of state of the process gas between the inlet and the outlet state for determining the polytropic ratio v.
- the determined step efficiency is set in a numerical relationship to a reference step efficiency, and the result is displayed on a display unit.
- This ratio can be, for example, the result of a division or calculated as a percentage loss of efficiency or simply as a difference. When a certain limit of this ratio is exceeded, a separate automatic notification to the operating personnel, for example as a visual or audible alarm.
- Reference level characteristic field is stored, from which a computing unit each determines a reference level efficiency from the measurement parameters, and numerically compares this for the purpose of forming the ratio with the efficiency, as explained above. Since a completely theoretical determination of the reference step characteristic field for the task according to the invention may be too imprecise depending on the application, the invention also proposes to determine the reference step characteristic field during a calibration run, in which at different guide blade positions and / or speeds of the compressor, a pressure-side throttle from the complete Opening starting gradually or is closed continuously until a surge limit is reached. The results of this continuous or pointwise measurement are called
- Reference level characteristic points stored in a memory In order to get from the pointwise measurements to a continuous characteristic field, interpolations for the determination of intermediate values and extrapolations for the determination of further values can be carried out between the individual measuring points.
- parameters of a theoretical model provided can be adapted to the measured values, so that the correspondingly adapted theoretical model provides sufficiently accurate reference data for an inventive evaluation of the efficiency determined from the measuring parameters.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the measurements according to a method according to the invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the determination of a
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a reference level characteristic field.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a compressor 1, to which a method according to the invention for monitoring the efficiency is applied.
- a mass flow enters as inlet mass flow 2 and as exit mass flow 3 from.
- the compressor 1 has four stages 4, 5, 6, 7 (from left to right corresponding to first stage 4 to fourth stage 7), which is the Inlet mass flow 2 passes through, between the stages each intercooling 8, 9, 10 (numbering mutatis mutandis) is provided.
- the first stage 4 and the third stage 6 are provided with an adjustable devissleitgitter 11, 12, whose position is determined by means of a respective position sensor ZT. Input of the compressor 1, the inlet mass flow 2, which is identical to the
- Exit mass flow 3 measured by means of a mass flow measurement FT and assigned as a measured value a parameter M.
- Each stage is assigned a module C421, C422, C423, C424, which performs stage-specific calculations.
- the individual modules C421 to C424 are designed as software programs and are executed on a computer 13.
- a continuous gas analysis unit CGA permanently analyzes the inlet mass flow 2 and transmits a measured gas composition C20 to the first module C421.
- This gas analysis unit is in particular a sensible optional equipment if the composition of the inlet mass flow is changing. In this case, cyclic measurements can also be carried out.
- the first module determines from the mass flow measurement FT and the
- Gas composition C20 the mass flow rate or mass flow M and transmits this parameter to the other modules C422 to C424.
- Each of the individual modules C421 to C424 determined from a stage inlet temperature Te n (inlet temperature for the stage n), the stage outlet temperature Ta n, the stage inlet pressure Pe n, the stage outlet pressure Pa n and the gas composition C20 a polytropic efficiency ⁇ po n .
- This polytropic efficiency ⁇ po i n is displayed on a display unit 15 for each stage 4, 5, 6, 7. For nearly ideal states, the calculation is performed according to the following formula:
- the individual modules C421 to C424 are connected to a central module CM in information - exchanging connection.
- the central module CM accesses a memory MEM in which, among other reference stage characteristic curves, ref n are stored for the individual stages 4, 5, 6, 7. From a measurement of the rotational speed n as well as the position of the inlet guide grids 11, 12 and the mass flow M, the central module CM determines from the respective one
- Reference step characteristic field Ref n an associated step efficiency ⁇ po i n - A ratio 17 between the actual step efficiency ⁇ po i n R e f and the reference step efficiency ⁇ po i n Ref is shown as the difference ⁇ Po i n on the display unit 15 for each stage.
- the display unit 15 On the display unit 15 is also graphically for each stage 4, 5, 6, 7 switchable, the reference level characteristic field Ref n and the current operating point 20 located therein in a first frame 21 shown.
- the power consumption (Y: Power, x: mass flow M) is displayed graphically as a reference-step characteristic field Ref n at the current operating point 20.
- the compressor 1 is driven by a drive M.
- an output-side shut-off device 30 is closed and a Umblaseventil FVOl or a throttle initially fully opened.
- the Umblaseventil FVOl arranged in a bypass line BYP is continuously closed during the determination of the Referenz processnkennlinienfeider Ref n until the compressor 1 reaches a surge line SL.
- the flow in the compressor breaks down and at least intermittently there are backflows that can be measured as strong vibrations.
- the values taken up to this point for the inlet temperatures Te n, outlet temperatures Ta n, inlet pressures Pe n and outlet pressures Pa n and for the mass flow M. and the position of the inlet grids 11, 12 are used together with the gas composition C20 to obtain for each stage 4, 5, 6, 7 to generate or at least correct the reference map.
- the pumping of the entire compressor 1 factual limitation of the operation for determining the reference map for each individual level limits the reference data determination on one side, during normal operation, if necessary, further data can be considered as reference data in the generation of the reference map.
- the generation of the reference step characteristic field Ref n can, on the one hand, start from a theoretical preliminary model, which is numerically corrected by means of the measured data, or using the measured data, for example, any multidimensional function can be adapted to a reference characteristic field by means of regression.
- numerical methods can be used to achieve optimal adaptation.
- an optimization algorithm is used, which by manipulation of a theoretical map minimizes the residual to the measured values.
- FIG. 3 shows a reference step characteristic field Ref n with a plotted on the Y-axis
- Pressure ratio (P En / PA ⁇ ) (or dimensionless pressure digit) and a volumetric flow plotted on the X axis.
- the volume flow normalized by means of the sound velocity can also be plotted on the X axis, so that the representation becomes invariant.
- additional blade parameters may be provided in the form of speed or girth, which have been omitted here for the sake of clarity.
- the five curves 51-55 comprehensive set of curves represents different speeds or settings of the inlet guide 11, 12, starting with the minimum speed at the bottom left.
- the curves 51-55 of the reference step characteristic field Ref n are limited by the surge boundary line SL.
- the measurements are limited by the state of the complete
- Valve opening of the throttle symbolized by the line 60 is located on the middle curve 53 of the family of curves.
- the determination of the measurement parameters can be carried out both when starting certain operating points separately, during startup and during normal operation.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008021102A DE102008021102A1 (de) | 2008-04-28 | 2008-04-28 | Wirkungsgradüberwachung eines Verdichters |
PCT/EP2009/054911 WO2009133017A1 (de) | 2008-04-28 | 2009-04-23 | Wirkungsgradüberwachung eines verdichters |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2269024A1 true EP2269024A1 (de) | 2011-01-05 |
EP2269024B1 EP2269024B1 (de) | 2018-01-31 |
Family
ID=40852346
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09738061.2A Not-in-force EP2269024B1 (de) | 2008-04-28 | 2009-04-23 | Wirkungsgradüberwachung eines verdichters |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110112797A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2269024B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN102027348B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102008021102A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009133017A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008058799B4 (de) * | 2008-11-24 | 2012-04-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines mehrstufigen Verdichters |
DE102010040503B4 (de) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-05-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Verdichters |
US8471702B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2013-06-25 | General Electric Company | Method and system for compressor health monitoring |
ITCO20110039A1 (it) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-03-30 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | Sistemi e metodi per determinare un livello di sporcamento di compressori |
ITCO20110069A1 (it) | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-21 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | Disposizione di prova per uno stadio di un compressore centrifugo |
ITCO20120008A1 (it) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-02 | Nuovo Pignone Srl | Metodo e sistema per monitorare la condizione di un gruppo di impianti |
CN102900660B (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-12-10 | 西南石油大学 | 一种整体往复式天然气压缩机组压缩端效率的测试方法 |
CN102937086B (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-04-29 | 西南石油大学 | 一种整体燃气往复式天然气压缩机组***效率的测试方法 |
JP6501380B2 (ja) | 2014-07-01 | 2019-04-17 | 三菱重工コンプレッサ株式会社 | 多段圧縮機システム、制御装置、異常判定方法及びプログラム |
DE102015115003A1 (de) * | 2015-09-07 | 2017-03-09 | Industrial Science GmbH powered by IAV | Verfahren zur Prozessüberwachung einer Prozessanlage |
CN107677482B (zh) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-11-08 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | 一种串联式增压***总效率的测试方法 |
BE1027043B1 (fr) | 2019-02-08 | 2020-09-08 | Safran Aero Boosters Sa | Mesure de pression totale et temperature totale dans une turbomachine |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4949276A (en) * | 1988-10-26 | 1990-08-14 | Compressor Controls Corp. | Method and apparatus for preventing surge in a dynamic compressor |
IT1255836B (it) * | 1991-10-01 | 1995-11-17 | Procedimento per la sorveglianza del limite di pompaggio di turbocompressori a piu' stadi e refrigerazione intermedia | |
US5306116A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-04-26 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Surge control and recovery for a centrifugal compressor |
US5347467A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1994-09-13 | Compressor Controls Corporation | Load sharing method and apparatus for controlling a main gas parameter of a compressor station with multiple dynamic compressors |
DE4332078A1 (de) * | 1993-09-21 | 1995-03-30 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Darstellung des Betriebszustandes einer Turbine während eines Anfahrvorgangs |
US5517852A (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 1996-05-21 | Standard Aero Limited | Diagnostic performance testing for gas turbine engines |
US5743715A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1998-04-28 | Compressor Controls Corporation | Method and apparatus for load balancing among multiple compressors |
US5743714A (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 1998-04-28 | Dmitry Drob | Method and apparatus for minimum work control optimization of multicompressor stations |
US6317655B1 (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 2001-11-13 | Compressor Controls Corporation | Method and apparatus for estimating a surge limit line for configuring an antisurge controller |
GB2362481B (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2004-12-01 | Rolls Royce Plc | Fault diagnosis |
GB2367332B (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2003-12-03 | Compair Uk Ltd | Improvements in multi-stage screw compressor drive arrangements |
US6523347B1 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2003-02-25 | Alexei Jirnov | Thermodynamic power system using binary working fluid |
US6503048B1 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-01-07 | Compressor Controls Corporation | Method and apparatus for estimating flow in compressors with sidestreams |
FR2837598B1 (fr) * | 2002-03-20 | 2004-05-28 | Air Liquide | Procede et dispositif de suivi de performances d'un equipement industriel |
JP2005521100A (ja) | 2002-03-26 | 2005-07-14 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
US6928389B2 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2005-08-09 | Copeland Corporation | Compressor performance calculator |
JP4396286B2 (ja) * | 2004-01-21 | 2010-01-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 機器診断装置および機器監視システム |
US7094019B1 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2006-08-22 | Continuous Control Solutions, Inc. | System and method of surge limit control for turbo compressors |
FR2879769B1 (fr) | 2004-12-16 | 2007-01-19 | Air Liquide | Procede de suivi des performances d'un equipement industriel |
US20080175703A1 (en) * | 2007-01-09 | 2008-07-24 | Sonic Blue Aerospace | Electric turbine bypass fan and compressor for hybrid propulsion |
US7992388B2 (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2011-08-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method for estimating compressor output temperature for a two-stage turbocharger |
-
2008
- 2008-04-28 DE DE102008021102A patent/DE102008021102A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2009
- 2009-04-23 EP EP09738061.2A patent/EP2269024B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-04-23 US US12/989,434 patent/US20110112797A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-04-23 CN CN200980115243.7A patent/CN102027348B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-04-23 WO PCT/EP2009/054911 patent/WO2009133017A1/de active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009133017A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2269024B1 (de) | 2018-01-31 |
US20110112797A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
CN102027348B (zh) | 2015-05-20 |
CN102027348A (zh) | 2011-04-20 |
DE102008021102A1 (de) | 2009-10-29 |
WO2009133017A1 (de) | 2009-11-05 |
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