EP2254136B1 - Apparatus for the assessment of the integrity of pressed contacts by the variation in the rotation of the pole shaft and its manufacturing process - Google Patents

Apparatus for the assessment of the integrity of pressed contacts by the variation in the rotation of the pole shaft and its manufacturing process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2254136B1
EP2254136B1 EP10354011A EP10354011A EP2254136B1 EP 2254136 B1 EP2254136 B1 EP 2254136B1 EP 10354011 A EP10354011 A EP 10354011A EP 10354011 A EP10354011 A EP 10354011A EP 2254136 B1 EP2254136 B1 EP 2254136B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
pole
shaft
electrical protection
protection apparatus
Prior art date
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Application number
EP10354011A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2254136A1 (en
Inventor
Marc Rival
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Priority to PL10354011T priority Critical patent/PL2254136T3/en
Publication of EP2254136A1 publication Critical patent/EP2254136A1/en
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Publication of EP2254136B1 publication Critical patent/EP2254136B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/22—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with rigid pivoted member carrying the moving contact
    • H01H1/221—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with rigid pivoted member carrying the moving contact and a contact pressure spring acting between the pivoted member and a supporting member
    • H01H1/225—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with rigid pivoted member carrying the moving contact and a contact pressure spring acting between the pivoted member and a supporting member the supporting member being pivotable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/0062—Testing or measuring non-electrical properties of switches, e.g. contact velocity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/048—Means for indicating condition of the switching device containing non-mechanical switch position sensor, e.g. HALL sensor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
    • H01H71/52—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever
    • H01H71/526—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever the lever forming a toggle linkage with a second lever, the free end of which is directly and releasably engageable with a contact structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the evaluation of the erosion of pole contacts in a switchgear device by indirect measurement of the rotational displacement of a drive mechanism of the contacts.
  • the invention relates to a switchgear comprising a pair of movable contacts relative to each other, the movable contact being supported by an arm allowing it an over-stroke in the closed position.
  • the invention also relates to a method for providing a high electrodynamic breaking device with means for verifying the integrity of the contacts.
  • a power supply line of an electrical load to be controlled is conventionally provided with at least one switching device which comprises, for each phase, pairs of movable contacts relatively to each other in order to switch the load.
  • the actuation of the contacts can be carried out in different ways; in particular, for certain high-power cut-off devices (in particular greater than 1000 A), used for example in safety at the head end, high electrodynamic resistance is required and the contacts are driven by a lever system coupled to a rotary axis , itself actuated by a toggle mechanism with two pivoting links, as for example described in EP 0 222 645 , EP 0 789 380 or EP 1 347 479 .
  • the contacts may be arranged directly on the conductors or comprise pellets of suitable material, in particular silver alloy; whatever the technological choice, the contacts wear out more or less during each switching and in particular in the presence of arc.
  • This wear can, after a large number of switching operations, lead to a failure of the switchgear, with consequences on the safety and availability of the installation.
  • a solution Usual is to systematically change the contacts, or even the entire cutoff device, after a predetermined number of operations, unrelated to the actual wear of the pellets.
  • the document EP 0 878 015 is thus based on the modification of the contact pressure during an opening operation of the breaking device; this type of device however requires the addition of specific means for measuring the switching voltage at a neutral point and the use of an auxiliary switch.
  • the document FR 2 834 120 proposes the study of the evolution of the travel time of the wear stroke of the contacts during a closing movement by current measurement in the control electromagnet; this solution does not apply to circuit breakers that can be opened or closed manually.
  • the invention aims to provide a device for verifying the integrity of the contacts simple and suitable for switching devices which a moving contact driven by a rotary axis is depressed at the end of the closing maneuver of the device.
  • the invention relates to an electrical protection apparatus provided with such a device measuring the variation of the rotation of the drive shaft in the over-stroke phase.
  • the electrical protection apparatus is preferably multipole, and each pole comprises a pair of movable contacts relative to each other between an open position and a closed position.
  • the movable contact is mounted on a support arm comprising two sliding parts relative to each other so that, in the closed position of the contacts, the movable contact can be either in the rest position, the docking position, or position pushed into the support arm.
  • spring means urging the contact in non-recessed rest position, projecting relative to the arm.
  • At least one pair of contacts is associated with a pair of arcing contacts which are usually separated from one another but which close transiently upon actuation of the poles; in particular, the support arm of the movable contact comprises an arc contact at its end.
  • the support arm of the movable contact is driven between the open position and the closed positions by rotation of an axis of the protective device coupled thereto by a bead wire.
  • the rotary axis is a pole shaft common to the entire switchgear; the breaking device can in particular be strong electrodynamic resistance, with actuated by a toggle mechanism and reset device.
  • the residual rotation of the pole shaft once the contacts are closed is the order of 30% of its total rotation during a closing maneuver.
  • the switching device comprises a contact wear determining device which measures the angle traveled by the rotary axis between the contact position of the pole contacts and the end position of the contact. axis.
  • the determination device is preferably an angular sensor or a rotation sensor, coupled directly to the rotary axis.
  • the rotation sensor is magnetic and operates remotely; in particular, magnet type magnetic means are arranged on the axis, in particular at its end, and detection means are placed on the housing of the cut-off device facing the magnetic means.
  • the invention in another aspect, relates to a method for equipping a switchgear as presented by a device for measuring the integrity of its contacts by setting up a rotation sensor at one end of the pole tree.
  • the method can be applied for existing devices, and it preferably comprises the securing of magnetic means on one end of the pole shaft and the establishment in front of the magnetic means means for detecting their angular position.
  • a circuit breaker 10 with high intensities, greater than 800 A comprises, for each pole and in a conventional manner, a pair of breaking or main contacts.
  • Each main contact is preferably associated with a pellet 12, 14 of suitable material, for example of silver alloy, and one of the pads 14 is mounted on an arm 16 pivoting between an open position in which it is remote from the fixed contact 12 , and a closing position in which the mechanical and electrical contact between the pads 12, 14 is established.
  • the pole also includes an arc extinguishing chamber 18 and a pair of main terminals (not shown) intended to engage on connection pads.
  • the circuit breaker 10 comprises a plurality of poles arranged in parallel planes, perpendicular to a pole shaft 20 which is common to them: the order of closure or opening of the poles is transmitted to each movable contact 14 since the pole shaft 20 via a drive mechanism 22 lever.
  • the pole shaft 20 is rotatably mounted on the casing of the circuit breaker 10 and actuated by appropriate means.
  • the actuating mechanism is of the toggle type, with two links 24, 26 pivoting relative to each other.
  • One of the rods 24 is articulated in rotation on a trigger hook 28 pivotally mounted on a fixed axis; the other rod 26 is mechanically coupled to a crank 30 of the pole shaft 20, which is also common to all the poles and which also forms one of the levers of the drive mechanism 22 of the contacts 14.
  • An opening spring 32 is anchored between the crank 30 and a fixed retainer, and tends to bias the crank 30 toward its open position.
  • An opening pawl 34 formed by a lever pivoting about a fixed axis, is controlled by an opening latch 36 in the form of a half-moon; the opening pawl 34 is biased by a spring towards the trigger hook 28, away from the half moon 36.
  • a roller is provided on the opening pawl 34 between its ends to cooperate with a shaped recess of V of the trigger hook 28, which is biased by a spring (not illustrated) tending to shorten the distance between the hinge axis of the toggle mechanism 24, 26 on the trigger hook 28 and the hinge axis of the knee mechanism on the crank 30.
  • the switching device 10 is adapted to be reset, that is to say that it is provided with an energy accumulator so as to assist the closing function, such as by example described in the document EP 0 222 645 .
  • a driving lever 40 is pivotally mounted about a fixed axis 42, and an elastic energy storage device comprising at least one closing spring 44 is pivotally mounted on a fixed point and a finger of the driving lever 40.
  • the driving lever 40 carries a roller 46 intended to cooperate with a camming cam 48 keyed on a shaft 50 and having a roller 52 adapted to cooperate with a locking pawl 54 pivoting about a fixed axis.
  • a locking latch 56 able to lock the pawl 54, is biased resiliently by a spring towards its closed position; the pawl 54 is itself biased by a spring towards its locked position.
  • the pole shaft 20 is actuated via these various elements and then drives the movable contacts 14.
  • its crank 30 is provided, for each pole, with a connecting rod 60 which connects it to the arm
  • the support arm 16 is provided with two sliding parts relative to one another: a cage 62 is moved directly by the rod 60 relative to which it is pivotally mounted.
  • the portion 64 of the arm 16 which carries the contact pad 14 slides inside the cage 62, preferably hinged about an axis 66; spring means 67, for example one or more contact pressure springs, arranged between the support 64 and the cage 62 urge the pellet 14 in projecting position relative to the cage.
  • This configuration allows an over-closing stroke of the contact pad 14 relative to the docking, so that in current passage position between the contacts 12, 14, the cage 62 can continue its movement without increasing the pressure on the pellets 12, 14.
  • the arm 16 is thus pivotally mounted by its cage 62 about a first axis 68 between the closed position and the open position, and the support 64 of the movable contact 14 is articulated on a second axis 66 of the cage 62.
  • the pole shaft 20 When closing the contacts 12, 14, in a first step, the pole shaft 20 is rotated, and the toggle mechanism directly drives the contact arm 16; when closing, the two pellets 12, 14 come into contact ( Figure 1B ). The shaft 20 can then continue its course, and the movement of the cage 62 of the arm 16 continues beyond the docking position, the movable contact 14 "sinking" inside the cage 62: figure 1C .
  • the opening distance d 1 is of the order of 40 mm
  • the depression d 2 can be of the order of 4.5 to 6 mm, for example 5, 5 mm
  • the stroke of the cage 62 is thus more than 10% greater than the opening distance.
  • the toggle system 22 and remote pole shaft 20 allows a reduction of displacements, and the rotational stroke of the pole shaft 20 continues on a significant angle ⁇ 2 after the closing of the poles.
  • the total travel ⁇ of the pole shaft 20, fixed and determined by the design of the apparatus is of the order of 45 to 50 °.
  • the movable contact 14 has already traveled 3 ⁇ 4 of its stroke, and the opening of the contacts is only 10 mm; thus, during the docking of the contacts 12, 14 and after a stroke ⁇ 1 , it remains to the shaft 20 preferably still about 30% of its rotation to be performed.
  • this remaining stroke ⁇ 2 is used to accurately determine the depression d 2 of the contact support 64, that is to say the degree of erosion of the contact pads 12, 14. indeed, as and when they wear, the contacting of the pellets is later and the depression d 2 starts at a rotation ⁇ 1 upper bar 20; the stroke ⁇ 2 of the pole shaft 20 after docking decreases accordingly, which decreases the driving stroke d 2 of an amount equal to the variation in the thickness of the pellets 12, 14, that is to say their wear.
  • the angular variation ( ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 2 ;) of the residual rotation of the bar 20 after closure is thus directly correlated with the variation (d 2 - d 2i ) of the driving distance of the fixed contact, and therefore with the wear contacts 12, 14.
  • a sensor 70 measures the rotation ⁇ 2 of the pole shaft 20 between the moment of contact between mobile and fixed contacts 12, 14, that is to say the beginning of the current flow in the device 10, and the limit of the shaft 20 in the closed position.
  • a direct relation makes it possible to evaluate, over time, the distance d 2 or the wear (d 2 - d 2i ) as a function of the variation ( ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 2i ), for example by a percentage.
  • the senor 70 of small volume, is located at the end of the bar 20, for example at an end near the housing of the circuit breaker 10, outside the areas likely to be polluted during cuts by debris and away from possible jets hot gases.
  • the sensor 70 is of the non-contact type in order to limit any bias due to wear or friction within the sensor 70.
  • a non-contact sliding magnetic type sensor particularly with a grating (or " Magnetic array type rotation sensor " according to the English terminology)
  • this type of sensor 70 comprises magnetic means 72, in particular a magnet, which can be secured to the element whose rotation is to be determined; in particular, the magnet 72 can be directly coupled to the bar of the poles 20 by bonding at its end, or any other mechanical means.
  • the sensor 70 also comprises detection means 74, and in particular a printed circuit board type detector approximately 4 mm in length; the detector 74 is positioned facing the magnetic means 72, for example coupled to the case of the circuit breaker 10, in particular set up in a suitable housing.
  • the detector 74 is connected in a conventional manner to means for processing the information and presenting the results, for example an electronic module already present on the circuit breaker 10 to which a new function is added.
  • the senor 70 is as described in the documents EP 1 830 162 or EP 1 921 423 , with an angular resolution of the order of 0.2 to 0.5 °.
  • an angular resolution of the order of 0.36 ° is equivalent to less than one thousandth of a revolution: in the previous embodiment, this corresponds to a resolution in the recess of less than 0.1 mm.
  • the pellets 12, 14 are conventionally manufactured to tolerate a wear of 2.5 to 3 mm, the monitoring of the service life by this method is reliable.
  • the sensor 70 can be put in place on all the new switching devices 10; preferably, the mounting of the sensor 70 is optional, so as to avoid the additional cost of detection for the cutoff devices 10 for a pure security use in which the visual determination of the wear of the contacts 12, 14 in operation of maintenance can be sufficient. It is also possible to adapt this device for measuring the wear of the contacts by angular variation on existing breaking devices 10, by positioning the two respective parts of the sensor 70, for example by fixing a magnet 72 on the bar 20 which is easily accessible when the circuit breaker cover 10 is open, and attachment of the detector 74 to the housing by any appropriate means, bonding type or other ...
  • the device and the method according to the invention are also suitable for the preceding cut-off devices 10 further comprising an arc contact: in this configuration, the arc contact is the main touched by the phenomenon of wear.
  • the accuracy of the determination according to the invention it is possible to check and monitor the integrity of the contact pads 12, 14, for example to generate an alert if an unacceptable wear rating is exceeded.
  • the extinguishing chamber 18 of the high intensity cut-off device 10 is limited by an arc guiding horn 78: see figure 1 A .
  • a pair of arc contacts 82, 84 is added, near a flange 88 of said horn 78.
  • a fixed arc contact 82 is adjacent to one of the main fixed contacts 12, and the movable arcing contact 84 is located on the same arm 16 as the movable main contact 14, in particular at one end of the same support 64 sliding in the cage 62.
  • only one pair of arcing contacts 82, 84 is present or several, for example six out of ten arms 16 have movable arcing contacts 84.
  • the pair of arcing contacts 82, 84 is usually open, i.e. the two arcing contacts are separated from each other; when triggering the breaking device 10, a temporary closing of the arcing contacts 82, 84 takes place before separation of the main contacts 12, 14 so that, during the separation of the main contacts 12, 14, there is has no interruption of the current flowing through the arc contacts; when the movement of the pole shaft 20 continues, the arcing contacts 82, 84 open to interrupt the current, with the formation of an electric arc, guided by the flange 88 and the guide horn 78.
  • the arc is located mainly on the arc contacts 82, 84, their material is chosen to improve their resistance, the main contacts 12, 14 remaining in the material most conducive to the nominal passage of the high intensity current.
  • the angle is measured after docking the arcing contacts 82, 84, and it is at first erosion of said arcing contacts 82, 84 which is followed; the wear of the pellets 12, 14 is considered in a second step and an alert is generated either as soon as the pellets 12, 14 start to wear, or if an inappropriate wear rating of the main contacts is exceeded 12 , 14.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to be predictive thanks to the visualization of the erosion of the arcing contacts 82, 84, whereas a conventional recess measurement system does not make it possible to follow it and therefore to anticipate the beginning of the wear of the main contacts 12, 14.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

L'invention concerne l'évaluation de l'érosion des contacts de pôles dans un appareil de coupure par mesure indirecte du déplacement en rotation d'un mécanisme d'entraînement des contacts. En particulier, l'invention est relative à un appareil de coupure comprenant une paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre, le contact mobile étant supporté par un bras lui autorisant une sur-course en position fermée. L'invention concerne également un procédé permettant de doter un appareil de coupure de haute tenue électrodynamique de moyens permettant la vérification de l'intégrité des contacts.The invention relates to the evaluation of the erosion of pole contacts in a switchgear device by indirect measurement of the rotational displacement of a drive mechanism of the contacts. In particular, the invention relates to a switchgear comprising a pair of movable contacts relative to each other, the movable contact being supported by an arm allowing it an over-stroke in the closed position. The invention also relates to a method for providing a high electrodynamic breaking device with means for verifying the integrity of the contacts.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART

Une ligne d'alimentation d'une charge électrique à commander est classiquement dotée d'au moins un appareil de coupure qui comprend, pour chaque phase, des paires de contacts mobiles relativement l'un à l'autre afin de commuter la charge. L'actionnement des contacts peut être effectué de différentes manières ; en particulier, pour certains appareils de coupure de forte puissance (notamment supérieure à 1000 A), utilisés par exemple en sécurité en tête de ligne, une tenue électrodynamique élevée est nécessaire et les contacts sont entraînés par un système de levier couplé à un axe rotatif, lui-même actionné par un mécanisme à genouillère à deux bielles pivotantes, comme par exemple décrit dans EP 0 222 645 , EP 0 789 380 ou EP 1 347 479 .A power supply line of an electrical load to be controlled is conventionally provided with at least one switching device which comprises, for each phase, pairs of movable contacts relatively to each other in order to switch the load. The actuation of the contacts can be carried out in different ways; in particular, for certain high-power cut-off devices (in particular greater than 1000 A), used for example in safety at the head end, high electrodynamic resistance is required and the contacts are driven by a lever system coupled to a rotary axis , itself actuated by a toggle mechanism with two pivoting links, as for example described in EP 0 222 645 , EP 0 789 380 or EP 1 347 479 .

Les contacts peuvent être agencés directement sur les conducteurs ou comprendre des pastilles de matériau adapté, notamment en alliage d'argent ; quel que soit le choix technologique, les contacts s'usent plus ou moins lors de chaque commutation et notamment en présence d'arc. Cette usure peut, après un nombre élevé de manoeuvres de commutation, conduire à une défaillance de l'appareil de coupure, avec des conséquences sur la sécurité et la disponibilité de l'installation. Pour prévenir ces risques, une solution usuelle consiste à changer systématiquement les contacts, voire l'appareil de coupure entier, au bout d'un nombre prédéterminé de manoeuvres, sans relation avec l'usure réelle des pastilles. Ces interventions sont cependant souvent soit trop tardives, par exemple si l'une des manoeuvres de coupure a généré un arc électrique plus important, avec les risques afférents, soit prématurées, avec les coûts inhérents au remplacement de pastilles presque intègres.The contacts may be arranged directly on the conductors or comprise pellets of suitable material, in particular silver alloy; whatever the technological choice, the contacts wear out more or less during each switching and in particular in the presence of arc. This wear can, after a large number of switching operations, lead to a failure of the switchgear, with consequences on the safety and availability of the installation. To prevent these risks, a solution Usual is to systematically change the contacts, or even the entire cutoff device, after a predetermined number of operations, unrelated to the actual wear of the pellets. These interventions are, however, often too late, for example if one of the switching maneuvers generated a larger electric arc, with the associated risks, either premature, with the costs inherent in the replacement of pellets almost intact.

La capacité à pouvoir évaluer l'intégrité des contacts ou déterminer leur usure réelle afin d'en déduire une information donnant la durée de vie résiduelle, ou la fin de vie, des contacts de pôles apporte donc un avantage appréciable. Pour certains appareils de forte puissance et à longue durée de vie, des opérations de maintenance prévoient ainsi régulièrement une évaluation visuelle de l'état des pastilles, par exemple par la mise en place d'indicateurs d'usure sur les contacts. Cette opération ne peut se faire qu'en ouvrant l'appareil, c'est-à-dire lors d'opérations de maintenance immobilisant l'installation. Pour les utilisations de sécurité, dans lesquelles les appareils de coupure ne sont déclenchés qu'occasionnellement et les contacts sont habituellement maintenus fermés, ce type de vérification est souvent suffisant. Cependant, pour d'autres applications qui se développent, comme par exemple en tant qu'appareil de sécurité d'une installation éolienne, le nombre de manoeuvres augmente, et une endurance supérieure des contacts est requise : une vérification visuelle des contacts à intervalles prédéterminés devient problématique et insuffisante.The ability to evaluate the integrity of the contacts or determine their actual wear in order to deduce information giving the residual life, or the end of life, poles contacts therefore provides an appreciable advantage. For some high power devices and long life, maintenance operations thus regularly provide a visual assessment of the state of the pellets, for example by the establishment of wear indicators on the contacts. This operation can only be done by opening the device, that is to say during maintenance operations immobilizing the installation. For security purposes, in which the switchgear is only tripped occasionally and the contacts are usually kept closed, this type of check is often sufficient. However, for other applications that are developing, such as as a safety device of a wind turbine installation, the number of maneuvers increases, and a higher endurance of the contacts is required: a visual verification of the contacts at predetermined intervals becomes problematic and insufficient.

Différents procédés ont été élaborés afin d'évaluer l'érosion des pastilles de contact de façon régulière et/ou sans mise hors service des appareils. Le document EP 0 878 015 se base ainsi sur la modification de la pression de contact pendant une opération d'ouverture de l'appareil de coupure ; ce type de dispositif nécessite cependant de rajouter des moyens spécifiques de mesure de la tension de commutation en un point neutre et l'utilisation d'un interrupteur auxiliaire. Le document FR 2 834 120 propose l'étude de l'évolution du temps de parcours de la course d'usure des contacts durant un mouvement de fermeture par mesure de courant dans l'électroaimant de commande; cette solution ne s'applique cependant pas aux disjoncteurs pouvant être ouverts ou fermés manuellement.Various methods have been developed to evaluate the erosion of the contact pellets regularly and / or without decommissioning the apparatus. The document EP 0 878 015 is thus based on the modification of the contact pressure during an opening operation of the breaking device; this type of device however requires the addition of specific means for measuring the switching voltage at a neutral point and the use of an auxiliary switch. The document FR 2 834 120 proposes the study of the evolution of the travel time of the wear stroke of the contacts during a closing movement by current measurement in the control electromagnet; this solution does not apply to circuit breakers that can be opened or closed manually.

Le document WO 2007/033913 propose la mesure de différents paramètres caractérisant le mouvement relatif des contacts en fonction de celui de leur actionneur, de type électromagnétique. Il apparaît cependant que cette technique n'est adaptée que si la vitesse des contacts, ou l'effort nécessaire à les mobiliser, est variable dans le temps ; or les appareils de coupure à forte puissance tendent à avoir une course linéaire par rapport au temps avec enfoncement et sur-course des contacts, qui rend ce type de méthode imprécis voire inadapté.The document WO 2007/033913 proposes the measurement of various parameters characterizing the relative movement of the contacts according to that of their actuator, of the electromagnetic type. However, it appears that this technique is only suitable if the speed of the contacts, or the effort required to mobilize them, is variable in time; however, the high-power switching devices tend to have a linear stroke with respect to the time with depression and over-travel of the contacts, which makes this type of method imprecise or even unsuitable.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Parmi autres avantages, l'invention vise à fournir un dispositif de vérification de l'intégrité des contacts simple et approprié aux appareils de coupure dont un contact mobile entraîné par un axe rotatif est enfoncé en fin de manoeuvre de fermeture de l'appareil.Among other advantages, the invention aims to provide a device for verifying the integrity of the contacts simple and suitable for switching devices which a moving contact driven by a rotary axis is depressed at the end of the closing maneuver of the device.

Sous un aspect, l'invention concerne un appareil de protection électrique muni d'un tel dispositif mesurant la variation de la rotation de l'axe d'entraînement dans la phase de sur-course. L'appareil de protection électrique est de préférence multipolaire, et chaque pôle comprend une paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre entre une position ouverte et une position fermée. Le contact mobile est monté sur un bras de support comprenant deux parties coulissantes l'une par rapport à l'autre de sorte que, en position fermée des contacts, le contact mobile puisse être soit en position de repos, d'accostage, soit en position enfoncée dans le bras de support. Avantageusement, des moyens faisant ressort sollicitent le contact en position de repos non enfoncée, saillante par rapport au bras. De préférence, une paire de contacts au moins est associée à une paire de contacts d'arc habituellement séparés l'un de l'autre mais se fermant de façon transitoire lors de l'actionnement des pôles ; en particulier, le bras de support du contact mobile comprend un contact d'arc à son extrémité.In one aspect, the invention relates to an electrical protection apparatus provided with such a device measuring the variation of the rotation of the drive shaft in the over-stroke phase. The electrical protection apparatus is preferably multipole, and each pole comprises a pair of movable contacts relative to each other between an open position and a closed position. The movable contact is mounted on a support arm comprising two sliding parts relative to each other so that, in the closed position of the contacts, the movable contact can be either in the rest position, the docking position, or position pushed into the support arm. Advantageously, spring means urging the contact in non-recessed rest position, projecting relative to the arm. Preferably, at least one pair of contacts is associated with a pair of arcing contacts which are usually separated from one another but which close transiently upon actuation of the poles; in particular, the support arm of the movable contact comprises an arc contact at its end.

Le bras de support du contact mobile est entraîné entre la position ouverte et les positions fermées par rotation d'un axe de l'appareil de protection qui y est couplé par une tringle. De préférence, l'axe rotatif est un arbre des pôles commun à l'ensemble de l'appareil de coupure ; l'appareil de coupure peut notamment être à forte tenue électrodynamique, avec actionnement par un mécanisme à genouillère et dispositif de réarmement. De préférence, la rotation résiduelle de l'arbre des pôles une fois les contacts fermés, c'est-à-dire de la position d'accostage des contacts mobiles à la fin de course correspondant à l'enfoncement du contact mobile, est de l'ordre de 30 % de sa rotation totale au cours d'une manoeuvre de fermeture.The support arm of the movable contact is driven between the open position and the closed positions by rotation of an axis of the protective device coupled thereto by a bead wire. Preferably, the rotary axis is a pole shaft common to the entire switchgear; the breaking device can in particular be strong electrodynamic resistance, with actuated by a toggle mechanism and reset device. Preferably, the residual rotation of the pole shaft once the contacts are closed, that is to say, the contact position of the moving contacts at the end of travel corresponding to the depression of the moving contact, is the order of 30% of its total rotation during a closing maneuver.

Selon l'invention, l'appareil de coupure comprend un dispositif de détermination de l'usure des contacts qui mesure l'angle parcouru par l'axe rotatif entre la position d'accostage des contacts de pôles et la position de fin de course de l'axe. Le dispositif de détermination est de préférence un capteur angulaire ou un capteur de rotation, couplé directement à l'axe rotatif. Avantageusement, le capteur de rotation est magnétique et fonctionne à distance ; en particulier, des moyens magnétiques de type aimant sont disposés sur l'axe, notamment à son extrémité, et des moyens de détection sont mis en place sur le boîtier de l'appareil de coupure face aux moyens magnétiques.According to the invention, the switching device comprises a contact wear determining device which measures the angle traveled by the rotary axis between the contact position of the pole contacts and the end position of the contact. axis. The determination device is preferably an angular sensor or a rotation sensor, coupled directly to the rotary axis. Advantageously, the rotation sensor is magnetic and operates remotely; in particular, magnet type magnetic means are arranged on the axis, in particular at its end, and detection means are placed on the housing of the cut-off device facing the magnetic means.

Sous un autre aspect, l'invention est relative à un procédé permettant d'équiper un appareil de coupure tel que présenté par un dispositif de mesure de l'intégrité de ses contacts en mettant en place un capteur de rotation à une extrémité de l'arbre des pôles. Le procédé peut être appliqué pour des appareils existants, et il comprend de préférence la solidarisation de moyens magnétiques sur une extrémité de l'arbre des pôles et la mise en place face aux moyens magnétiques de moyens de détection de leur position angulaire.In another aspect, the invention relates to a method for equipping a switchgear as presented by a device for measuring the integrity of its contacts by setting up a rotation sensor at one end of the pole tree. The method can be applied for existing devices, and it preferably comprises the securing of magnetic means on one end of the pole shaft and the establishment in front of the magnetic means means for detecting their angular position.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre illustratif et nullement limitatifs, représentés dans les figures annexées.

  • La figure 1A illustre un appareil de coupure de sécurité à tenue électrodynamique élevée dans lequel peut être mis en place un dispositif de détermination de l'usure des contacts selon le principe de l'invention ; les figures 1B et 1C montrent les étapes de fermeture de cet appareil de coupure.
  • La figure 2 représente un capteur utilisé dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention.
  • Les figures 3A à 3C montrent les étapes d'ouverture d'un appareil de coupure selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
  • La figure 4 schématise la courbe d'usure des contacts en présence de contacts d'arc.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of illustration and in no way limiting, represented in the appended figures.
  • The Figure 1A illustrates a safety cut-off apparatus with high electrodynamic resistance in which a device for determining the wear of the contacts according to the principle of the invention can be put in place; the Figures 1B and 1C show the closing steps of this switchgear.
  • The figure 2 represents a sensor used in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • The FIGS. 3A to 3C show the steps of opening a switchgear according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • The figure 4 schematizes the wear curve of the contacts in the presence of arcing contacts.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATION PREFEREDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

En référence à la figure 1A, un disjoncteur 10 à fortes intensités, supérieures à 800 A, comporte, pour chaque pôle et de manière classique, une paire de contacts de coupure, ou principaux. Chaque contact principal est de préférence associé à une pastille 12, 14 de matériau approprié, par exemple en alliage argenté, et une des pastilles 14 est montée sur un bras 16 pivotant entre une position d'ouverture dans laquelle elle est éloignée du contact fixe 12, et une position de fermeture dans laquelle le contact mécanique et électrique entre les pastilles 12, 14 est établi. Le pôle comporte également une chambre d'extinction d'arc 18 et une paire de bornes principales (non illustré) destinées à venir s'embrocher sur des plages de raccordement. Pour ces gammes élevées, le disjoncteur 10 comporte une pluralité de pôles disposés dans des plans parallèles, perpendiculaires à un arbre des pôles 20 qui leur est commun : l'ordre de fermeture ou d'ouverture des pôles est transmis à chaque contact mobile 14 depuis l'arbre des pôles 20 par l'intermédiaire d'un mécanisme d'entraînement 22 à levier.With reference to the Figure 1A a circuit breaker 10 with high intensities, greater than 800 A, comprises, for each pole and in a conventional manner, a pair of breaking or main contacts. Each main contact is preferably associated with a pellet 12, 14 of suitable material, for example of silver alloy, and one of the pads 14 is mounted on an arm 16 pivoting between an open position in which it is remote from the fixed contact 12 , and a closing position in which the mechanical and electrical contact between the pads 12, 14 is established. The pole also includes an arc extinguishing chamber 18 and a pair of main terminals (not shown) intended to engage on connection pads. For these high ranges, the circuit breaker 10 comprises a plurality of poles arranged in parallel planes, perpendicular to a pole shaft 20 which is common to them: the order of closure or opening of the poles is transmitted to each movable contact 14 since the pole shaft 20 via a drive mechanism 22 lever.

L'arbre des pôles 20 est monté à rotation sur le boîtier du disjoncteur 10 et actionné par des moyens appropriés. En particulier, pour les disjoncteurs 10 ouverts avec arbre des pôles 20 intermédiaire et forte tenue électrodynamique, le mécanisme d'actionnement est du type à genouillère, avec deux biellettes 24, 26 pivotant l'une par rapport à l'autre. L'une des biellettes 24 est articulée en rotation sur un crochet de déclenchement 28 monté pivotant sur un axe fixe ; l'autre biellette 26 est accouplée mécaniquement à une manivelle 30 de l'arbre des pôles 20, elle aussi commune à l'ensemble des pôles et formant par ailleurs l'un des leviers du mécanisme d'entraînement 22 des contacts 14.The pole shaft 20 is rotatably mounted on the casing of the circuit breaker 10 and actuated by appropriate means. In particular, for open circuit breakers with intermediate pole shaft and high electrodynamic resistance, the actuating mechanism is of the toggle type, with two links 24, 26 pivoting relative to each other. One of the rods 24 is articulated in rotation on a trigger hook 28 pivotally mounted on a fixed axis; the other rod 26 is mechanically coupled to a crank 30 of the pole shaft 20, which is also common to all the poles and which also forms one of the levers of the drive mechanism 22 of the contacts 14.

Un ressort d'ouverture 32 est ancré entre la manivelle 30 et un taquet fixe de retenue, et tend à rappeler la manivelle 30 vers sa position d'ouverture. Un cliquet d'ouverture 34, formé par un levier pivotant autour d'un axe fixe, est piloté par un verrou d'ouverture 36 en forme de demi-lune ; le cliquet d'ouverture 34 est rappelé par un ressort vers le crochet de déclenchement 28, en s'éloignant de la demi-lune 36. Un galet est ménagé sur le cliquet d'ouverture 34 entre ses extrémités pour coopérer avec un évidement en forme de V du crochet de déclenchement 28, qui est rappelé par un ressort (non illustré) tendant à raccourcir la distance entre l'axe d'articulation du mécanisme à genouillère 24, 26 sur le crochet de déclenchement 28 et l'axe d'articulation du mécanisme à genouillère sur la manivelle 30.An opening spring 32 is anchored between the crank 30 and a fixed retainer, and tends to bias the crank 30 toward its open position. An opening pawl 34, formed by a lever pivoting about a fixed axis, is controlled by an opening latch 36 in the form of a half-moon; the opening pawl 34 is biased by a spring towards the trigger hook 28, away from the half moon 36. A roller is provided on the opening pawl 34 between its ends to cooperate with a shaped recess of V of the trigger hook 28, which is biased by a spring (not illustrated) tending to shorten the distance between the hinge axis of the toggle mechanism 24, 26 on the trigger hook 28 and the hinge axis of the knee mechanism on the crank 30.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, l'appareil de coupure 10 est apte à être réarmé, c'est-à-dire qu'il est muni d'un accumulateur d'énergie de façon à assister la fonction de fermeture, tel que par exemple décrit dans le document EP 0 222 645 . En particulier, un levier entraîneur 40 est monté pivotant autour d'un axe fixe 42, et un dispositif élastique d'accumulation d'énergie comprenant au moins un ressort de fermeture 44 est monté pivotant sur un point fixe et à un doigt du levier entraîneur 40. Le levier entraîneur 40 porte un galet 46 destiné à coopérer avec une came d'armement 48 clavetée sur un arbre 50 et comportant un galet 52 apte à coopérer avec un cliquet de fermeture 54 pivotant autour d'un axe fixe. Un verrou de fermeture 56, apte à verrouiller le cliquet 54, est rappelé élastiquement par un ressort vers sa position de fermeture ; le cliquet 54 est lui-même rappelé par un ressort vers sa position verrouillée.In a preferred embodiment, the switching device 10 is adapted to be reset, that is to say that it is provided with an energy accumulator so as to assist the closing function, such as by example described in the document EP 0 222 645 . In particular, a driving lever 40 is pivotally mounted about a fixed axis 42, and an elastic energy storage device comprising at least one closing spring 44 is pivotally mounted on a fixed point and a finger of the driving lever 40. The driving lever 40 carries a roller 46 intended to cooperate with a camming cam 48 keyed on a shaft 50 and having a roller 52 adapted to cooperate with a locking pawl 54 pivoting about a fixed axis. A locking latch 56, able to lock the pawl 54, is biased resiliently by a spring towards its closed position; the pawl 54 is itself biased by a spring towards its locked position.

L'arbre des pôles 20 est actionné par l'intermédiaire de ces différents éléments et entraîne alors les contacts mobiles 14. A cette fin, sa manivelle 30 est munie, pour chaque pôle, d'une tringle de liaison 60 qui la relie au bras de support 16 du contact mobile 14. Le bras de support 16 est muni de deux parties coulissantes l'une par rapport à l'autre : une cage 62 est déplacée directement par la tringle 60 par rapport à laquelle elle est montée pivotante. La partie 64 du bras 16 qui porte la pastille de contact 14 coulisse à l'intérieur de la cage 62, de préférence de façon articulée autour d'un axe 66 ; des moyens faisant ressort 67, par exemple un ou plusieurs ressorts de pression de contact, agencés entre le support 64 et la cage 62 sollicitent la pastille 14 en position saillante par rapport à la cage. Cette configuration permet une sur-course de fermeture de la pastille de contact 14 par rapport à l'accostage, de sorte qu'en position de passage du courant entre les contacts 12, 14, la cage 62 peut poursuivre son mouvement sans accentuer la pression sur les pastilles 12, 14. Le bras 16 est ainsi monté à pivotement par sa cage 62 autour d'un premier axe 68 entre la position de fermeture et la position d'ouverture, et le support 64 du contact mobile 14 est articulé sur un deuxième axe 66 de la cage 62.The pole shaft 20 is actuated via these various elements and then drives the movable contacts 14. For this purpose, its crank 30 is provided, for each pole, with a connecting rod 60 which connects it to the arm The support arm 16 is provided with two sliding parts relative to one another: a cage 62 is moved directly by the rod 60 relative to which it is pivotally mounted. The portion 64 of the arm 16 which carries the contact pad 14 slides inside the cage 62, preferably hinged about an axis 66; spring means 67, for example one or more contact pressure springs, arranged between the support 64 and the cage 62 urge the pellet 14 in projecting position relative to the cage. This configuration allows an over-closing stroke of the contact pad 14 relative to the docking, so that in current passage position between the contacts 12, 14, the cage 62 can continue its movement without increasing the pressure on the pellets 12, 14. The arm 16 is thus pivotally mounted by its cage 62 about a first axis 68 between the closed position and the open position, and the support 64 of the movable contact 14 is articulated on a second axis 66 of the cage 62.

Lors de la fermeture des contacts 12, 14, dans un premier temps, l'arbre des pôles 20 est donc mis en rotation, et le mécanisme à genouillère entraîne directement le bras de contact 16 ; à la fermeture, les deux pastilles 12, 14 se mettent en contact (figure 1B). L'arbre 20 peut alors poursuivre sa course, et le mouvement de la cage 62 du bras 16 continue au-delà de la position d'accostage, le contact mobile 14 « s'enfonçant » à l'intérieur de la cage 62 : figure 1C. En particulier, dans le mode de réalisation préféré, la distance d'ouverture d1 est de l'ordre de 40 mm, et l'enfoncement d2 peut être de l'ordre de 4,5 à 6 mm, par exemple 5,5 mm, la course de la cage 62 étant ainsi de plus de 10 % supérieure à la distance d'ouverture.When closing the contacts 12, 14, in a first step, the pole shaft 20 is rotated, and the toggle mechanism directly drives the contact arm 16; when closing, the two pellets 12, 14 come into contact ( Figure 1B ). The shaft 20 can then continue its course, and the movement of the cage 62 of the arm 16 continues beyond the docking position, the movable contact 14 "sinking" inside the cage 62: figure 1C . In particular, in the preferred embodiment, the opening distance d 1 is of the order of 40 mm, and the depression d 2 can be of the order of 4.5 to 6 mm, for example 5, 5 mm, the stroke of the cage 62 is thus more than 10% greater than the opening distance.

Par ailleurs, dans le mode de réalisation illustré, le système à genouillère 22 et à arbre des pôles déporté 20 permet une démultiplication des déplacements, et la course en rotation de l'arbre des pôles 20 se poursuit sur un angle important α2 après la fermeture des pôles. En particulier, la course totale α de l'arbre des pôles 20, fixe et déterminée par la conception de l'appareil, est de l'ordre de 45 à 50°. A mi-rotation de l'arbre 20, le contact mobile 14 a déjà parcouru ¾ de sa course, et l'ouverture des contacts n'est que de 10 mm ; ainsi, lors de l'accostage des contacts 12, 14 et après une course α1, il reste à l'arbre 20 de préférence encore environ 30 % de sa rotation à effectuer.Moreover, in the illustrated embodiment, the toggle system 22 and remote pole shaft 20 allows a reduction of displacements, and the rotational stroke of the pole shaft 20 continues on a significant angle α 2 after the closing of the poles. In particular, the total travel α of the pole shaft 20, fixed and determined by the design of the apparatus, is of the order of 45 to 50 °. At half rotation of the shaft 20, the movable contact 14 has already traveled ¾ of its stroke, and the opening of the contacts is only 10 mm; thus, during the docking of the contacts 12, 14 and after a stroke α 1 , it remains to the shaft 20 preferably still about 30% of its rotation to be performed.

Selon l'invention, cette course restante α2 est utilisée pour déterminer avec précision l'enfoncement d2 du support de contact 64, c'est-à-dire de fait le degré d'érosion des pastilles de contact 12, 14. En effet, au fur et à mesure de leur usure, la mise en contact des pastilles est plus tardive et l'enfoncement d2 débute à une rotation α1 supérieure du barreau 20 ; la course α2 de l'arbre des pôles 20 après accostage diminue d'autant, ce qui diminue la course d'enfoncement d2 d'un montant égal à la variation dans l'épaisseur des pastilles 12, 14, c'est-à-dire à leur usure. La variation angulaire (α2 - α2;) de la rotation résiduelle du barreau 20 après fermeture est ainsi directement corrélée à la variation (d2 - d2i) de la distance d'enfoncement du contact fixe, et donc à l'usure des contacts 12, 14.According to the invention, this remaining stroke α 2 is used to accurately determine the depression d 2 of the contact support 64, that is to say the degree of erosion of the contact pads 12, 14. indeed, as and when they wear, the contacting of the pellets is later and the depression d 2 starts at a rotation α 1 upper bar 20; the stroke α 2 of the pole shaft 20 after docking decreases accordingly, which decreases the driving stroke d 2 of an amount equal to the variation in the thickness of the pellets 12, 14, that is to say their wear. The angular variation (α 2 - α 2 ;) of the residual rotation of the bar 20 after closure is thus directly correlated with the variation (d 2 - d 2i ) of the driving distance of the fixed contact, and therefore with the wear contacts 12, 14.

Selon l'invention, un capteur 70 mesure la rotation α2 de l'arbre des pôles 20 entre l'instant d'accostage entre contacts mobiles et fixes 12, 14, c'est-à-dire le début du passage de courant dans le dispositif 10, et la fin de course de l'arbre 20 en position fermée. De fait, 1a course α de l'arbre 20 est constante (de l'ordre d'une cinquantaine de degrés - par exemple α = 52°) et la distance d'enfoncement d2i des contacts est fixée en début de vie de l'appareil de coupure 10 (par exemple d2i = 5,5 mm) ; une mesure simple, soit en usine, soit lors de la première détermination qui est effectuée par définition en absence d'usure des contacts, donne la valeur des deux étapes de course de l'arbre ; par exemple α1i = 32° et α2i = 20°. Une relation directe permet d'évaluer, au cours du temps, la distance d2 ou l'usure (d2 - d2i) en fonction de la variation (α2 - α2i), par exemple par un pourcentage.According to the invention, a sensor 70 measures the rotation α 2 of the pole shaft 20 between the moment of contact between mobile and fixed contacts 12, 14, that is to say the beginning of the current flow in the device 10, and the limit of the shaft 20 in the closed position. In fact, the stroke α of the shaft 20 is constant (of the order of about fifty degrees - for example α = 52 °) and the driving distance d 2i of the contacts is set at the beginning of the life of the switching device 10 (for example d 2i = 5.5 mm); a simple measurement, either in the factory or during the first determination which is performed by definition in the absence of wear of the contacts, gives the value of the two stages of travel of the shaft; for example α = 32 ° 1i and α 2i = 20 °. A direct relation makes it possible to evaluate, over time, the distance d 2 or the wear (d 2 - d 2i ) as a function of the variation (α 2 - α 2i ), for example by a percentage.

Il est à noter que, dans le mode de réalisation préféré, grâce au découplage et à 1a grande variation de la position angulaire α2 du barreau de pôles 20 correspondant à la faible variation de la course d'écrasement d2, typique des disjoncteurs ouverts 10, il est possible de déterminer précisément l'usure des contacts, détermination qu'il est possible de corréler à une durée de vie restante du produit (voir par exemple WO 2004/057634 ) ; notamment, une durée de vie peut être estimée en comparant l'usure (d2 - d2i) à une sur-course minimale autorisée avant changement des pastilles de contact 12, 14.It should be noted that, in the preferred embodiment, thanks to the decoupling and the large variation of the angular position α 2 of the pole bar 20 corresponding to the small variation of the crushing stroke d 2 , typical of open circuit breakers. 10, it is possible to precisely determine the wear of the contacts, determination that it is possible to correlate with a remaining life of the product (see for example WO 2004/057634 ); in particular, a lifetime can be estimated by comparing the wear (d 2 - d 2i ) with a minimum over-travel allowed before changing the contact pads 12, 14.

De préférence, le capteur 70, de faible volume, est localisé en bout de barreau 20, par exemple à une extrémité proche du boîtier du disjoncteur 10, hors des zones susceptibles d'être polluées lors des coupures par des débris et loin des jets éventuels de gaz chauds.Preferably, the sensor 70, of small volume, is located at the end of the bar 20, for example at an end near the housing of the circuit breaker 10, outside the areas likely to be polluted during cuts by debris and away from possible jets hot gases.

Les appareils de coupure 10 à forte tenue électrodynamique ont une durée de vie qui peut atteindre une trentaine d'année ; avantageusement, le capteur 70 est de type sans contact afin de limiter tout biais dû à une usure ou un frottement au sein du capteur 70. En particulier, un capteur de type magnétique sans contact glissant, notamment à réseau (ou « magnetic array type rotation sensor » selon la terminologie anglo-saxonne), est adapté grâce à son absence de pièces susceptibles de se dégrader rapidement. Tel qu'illustré en figure 2, ce type de capteur 70 comprend des moyens magnétiques 72, notamment un aimant, qu'il est possible de solidariser à l'élément dont on veut déterminer la rotation ; en particulier, l'aimant 72 peut être directement couplé sur le barreau des pôles 20 par collage à son extrémité, ou tout autre moyen mécanique. Le capteur 70 comprend par ailleurs des moyens de détection 74, et notamment un détecteur de type carte de circuit imprimé d'environ 4 mm de côté ; le détecteur 74 est positionné face aux moyens magnétiques 72, par exemple couplé au boîtier du disjoncteur 10, notamment mis en place dans un logement adapté. Le détecteur 74 est relié de façon classique à des moyens de traitement des informations et de présentation des résultats, par exemple un module électronique déjà présent sur le disjoncteur 10 auquel est ajoutée une nouvelle fonction.The cut-off devices 10 with high electrodynamic resistance have a service life that can reach thirty years; advantageously, the sensor 70 is of the non-contact type in order to limit any bias due to wear or friction within the sensor 70. In particular, a non-contact sliding magnetic type sensor, particularly with a grating (or " Magnetic array type rotation sensor " according to the English terminology), is adapted thanks to its lack of parts likely to degrade quickly. As illustrated in figure 2 this type of sensor 70 comprises magnetic means 72, in particular a magnet, which can be secured to the element whose rotation is to be determined; in particular, the magnet 72 can be directly coupled to the bar of the poles 20 by bonding at its end, or any other mechanical means. The sensor 70 also comprises detection means 74, and in particular a printed circuit board type detector approximately 4 mm in length; the detector 74 is positioned facing the magnetic means 72, for example coupled to the case of the circuit breaker 10, in particular set up in a suitable housing. The detector 74 is connected in a conventional manner to means for processing the information and presenting the results, for example an electronic module already present on the circuit breaker 10 to which a new function is added.

Avantageusement, le capteur 70 est tel que décrit dans les documents EP 1 830 162 ou EP 1 921 423 , avec une résolution angulaire de l'ordre de 0,2 à 0,5°. Notamment, une résolution angulaire de l'ordre de 0,36° équivaut à moins de un millième de tour : dans le mode de réalisation précédent, ceci correspond à une résolution dans l'enfoncement inférieure à 0,1 mm. Comme les pastilles 12, 14 sont classiquement fabriquées de façon à tolérer une usure de 2,5 à 3 mm, le suivi de la durée de vie par ce procédé est fiable.Advantageously, the sensor 70 is as described in the documents EP 1 830 162 or EP 1 921 423 , with an angular resolution of the order of 0.2 to 0.5 °. In particular, an angular resolution of the order of 0.36 ° is equivalent to less than one thousandth of a revolution: in the previous embodiment, this corresponds to a resolution in the recess of less than 0.1 mm. As the pellets 12, 14 are conventionally manufactured to tolerate a wear of 2.5 to 3 mm, the monitoring of the service life by this method is reliable.

Le capteur 70 peut être mis en place sur tous les nouveaux appareils de coupure 10 ; de préférence, le montage du capteur 70 est optionnel, de façon à éviter le surcoût de la détection pour les appareils de coupure 10 destinés à un usage de sécurité pure dans lequel la détermination visuelle de l'usure des contacts 12, 14 en opération de maintenance peut être suffisante. Il est possible également d'adapter ce dispositif de mesure de l'usure des contacts par variation angulaire sur des appareils de coupure existants 10, en positionnant les deux parties respectives du capteur 70, par exemple par fixation d'un aimant 72 sur le barreau 20 qui est facilement accessible lorsque le capot du disjoncteur 10 est ouvert, et fixation du détecteur 74 sur le boîtier par tout moyen approprié, de type collage ou autre...The sensor 70 can be put in place on all the new switching devices 10; preferably, the mounting of the sensor 70 is optional, so as to avoid the additional cost of detection for the cutoff devices 10 for a pure security use in which the visual determination of the wear of the contacts 12, 14 in operation of maintenance can be sufficient. It is also possible to adapt this device for measuring the wear of the contacts by angular variation on existing breaking devices 10, by positioning the two respective parts of the sensor 70, for example by fixing a magnet 72 on the bar 20 which is easily accessible when the circuit breaker cover 10 is open, and attachment of the detector 74 to the housing by any appropriate means, bonding type or other ...

En particulier, le dispositif et le procédé selon l'invention sont adaptés également pour les dispositifs de coupure précédents 10 comprenant en outre un contact d'arc : dans cette configuration, le contact d'arc est le principal touché par le phénomène d'usure. Au vu de la précision de la détermination selon l'invention, il est possible de vérifier et suivre l'intégrité des pastilles de contacts 12, 14, afin par exemple de générer une alerte en cas de dépassement d'une cote d'usure inacceptableIn particular, the device and the method according to the invention are also suitable for the preceding cut-off devices 10 further comprising an arc contact: in this configuration, the arc contact is the main touched by the phenomenon of wear. In view of the accuracy of the determination according to the invention, it is possible to check and monitor the integrity of the contact pads 12, 14, for example to generate an alert if an unacceptable wear rating is exceeded.

En particulier, la chambre d'extinction 18 du dispositif de coupure à forte intensité 10 est limitée par une corne 78 de guidage d'arc : voir figure 1 A. Tel que présenté également dans le document EP 0 410 902 , pour améliorer l'endurance électrique du dispositif de coupure 10, une paire de contacts d'arc 82, 84 est ajoutée, à proximité d'un rebord 88 de ladite corne 78. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré illustré en figure 3, un contact d'arc fixe 82 est adjacent à un des contacts fixes principaux 12, et le contact d'arc mobile 84 est localisé sur le même bras 16 que le contact principal mobile 14, notamment à une extrémité du même support 64 coulissant dans la cage 62. Suivant le calibre du dispositif de coupure 10, une seule paire de contacts d'arc 82, 84 est présente ou plusieurs, par exemple six bras 16 sur dix présentent des contacts d'arc mobiles 84.In particular, the extinguishing chamber 18 of the high intensity cut-off device 10 is limited by an arc guiding horn 78: see figure 1 A . As also presented in the document EP 0 410 902 , to improve the electrical endurance of the cut-off device 10, a pair of arc contacts 82, 84 is added, near a flange 88 of said horn 78. According to a preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. figure 3 a fixed arc contact 82 is adjacent to one of the main fixed contacts 12, and the movable arcing contact 84 is located on the same arm 16 as the movable main contact 14, in particular at one end of the same support 64 sliding in the cage 62. Depending on the size of the cut-off device 10, only one pair of arcing contacts 82, 84 is present or several, for example six out of ten arms 16 have movable arcing contacts 84.

Tel qu'illustré dans les figures 3A à 3C, la paire de contacts d'arc 82, 84 est usuellement ouverte, c'est-à-dire que les deux contacts d'arc sont séparés l'un de l'autre ; lors du déclenchement du dispositif de coupure 10, une fermeture temporaire des contacts d'arc 82, 84 s'opère avant séparation des contacts principaux 12, 14 de sorte que, lors de la séparation des contacts principaux 12, 14, il n'y a pas interruption du courant qui circule par l'intermédiaire des contacts d'arc ; lorsque le mouvement de l'arbre des pôles 20 se poursuit, les contacts d'arc 82, 84 s'ouvrent pour interrompre le courant, avec formation d'un arc électrique, guidé par le rebord 88 et la corne de guidage 78. Comme l'arc est localisé principalement sur les contacts d'arc 82, 84, leur matériau est choisi pour améliorer leur résistance, les contacts principaux 12, 14 demeurant dans le matériau le plus propice au passage nominal du courant de forte intensité.As illustrated in FIGS. 3A to 3C the pair of arcing contacts 82, 84 is usually open, i.e. the two arcing contacts are separated from each other; when triggering the breaking device 10, a temporary closing of the arcing contacts 82, 84 takes place before separation of the main contacts 12, 14 so that, during the separation of the main contacts 12, 14, there is has no interruption of the current flowing through the arc contacts; when the movement of the pole shaft 20 continues, the arcing contacts 82, 84 open to interrupt the current, with the formation of an electric arc, guided by the flange 88 and the guide horn 78. the arc is located mainly on the arc contacts 82, 84, their material is chosen to improve their resistance, the main contacts 12, 14 remaining in the material most conducive to the nominal passage of the high intensity current.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, tel que schématisé en figure 4, dans un premier temps, seuls les contacts d'arc 82, 84 s'usent, les contacts principaux 12, 14 gardant sensiblement leur intégrité. Une fois les contacts d'arc 82, 84 usés, il n'y a plus de fermeture fugitive, et l'arc commence à altérer les contacts fixes 12, 14. Le procédé de détermination selon l'invention permet ici, par mesure de l'angle de rotation de l'axe rotatif 20, de suivre l'érosion des contacts principaux et de planifier un remplacement dès l'inflexion dans leur courbe d'intégrité.In this embodiment, as schematized in figure 4 at first, only the arcing contacts 82, 84 wear out, the main contacts 12, 14 substantially keeping their integrity. Once the arcing contacts 82, 84 are worn, there is no longer a transient closure, and the arc begins to alter the fixed contacts 12, 14. The determination method according to the invention Here, by measuring the rotation angle of the rotary axis 20, it is possible to follow the erosion of the main contacts and to plan a replacement as soon as the inflection in their integrity curve.

De fait, l'angle est mesuré après accostage des contacts d'arc 82, 84, et c'est dans un premier temps l'érosion desdits contacts d'arc 82, 84 qui est suivie ; l'usure des pastilles 12, 14 est considérée dans un deuxième temps et une alerte est générée soit dès que les pastilles 12, 14 commencent à s'user, soit en cas de dépassement d'une cote d'usure inappropriée des contacts principaux 12, 14. Ce mode de réalisation permet d'être prédictif grâce à la visualisation de l'érosion des contacts d'arc 82, 84, alors qu'un système de mesure d'enfoncement classique ne permet pas de la suivre et donc d'anticiper le début de l'usure des contacts principaux 12, 14.In fact, the angle is measured after docking the arcing contacts 82, 84, and it is at first erosion of said arcing contacts 82, 84 which is followed; the wear of the pellets 12, 14 is considered in a second step and an alert is generated either as soon as the pellets 12, 14 start to wear, or if an inappropriate wear rating of the main contacts is exceeded 12 , 14. This embodiment makes it possible to be predictive thanks to the visualization of the erosion of the arcing contacts 82, 84, whereas a conventional recess measurement system does not make it possible to follow it and therefore to anticipate the beginning of the wear of the main contacts 12, 14.

Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en référence à des contacts 12, 14 d'un appareil de coupure 10 à tenue électrodynamique élevée dans lequel le mécanisme d'ouverture implique une grande variation de la position angulaire du barreau de pôles 20 pour une faible variation de la sur-course d'écrasement, elle ne s'y limite pas : d'autres types d'appareils de coupure, contacteurs et/ou disjoncteurs, peuvent être concernés. Si le découplage des mouvements par double bielle et genouillère amplifie la différence angulaire selon que les contacts sont usés ou non, selon la course des contacts et selon la précision du dispositif de détection 70, il est possible d'appliquer le dispositif selon l'invention à d'autres mécanismes d'actionnement comprenant une partie rotative.Although the invention has been described with reference to contacts 12, 14 of a cut-off device 10 with high electrodynamic resistance in which the opening mechanism involves a large variation of the angular position of the pole bar 20 for a weak variation of the over-stroke crush, it is not limited to other types of cut-off devices, contactors and / or circuit breakers, may be concerned. If the decoupling of the movements by double connecting rod and toggle lever amplifies the angular difference according to whether the contacts are worn or not, depending on the stroke of the contacts and according to the accuracy of the detection device 70, it is possible to apply the device according to the invention other actuating mechanisms comprising a rotating part.

Claims (11)

  1. An electrical protection apparatus (10) comprising at least one pole-unit, each pole-unit comprising:
    - a pair of main contacts (12, 14) that are movable with respect to one another between an open position and a closed position;
    - a support arm (16) of a first main contact (14) comprising a first part (64) supporting the first main contact (14) and a second part (62), the two parts sliding with respect to one another so that, in the closed position of the pair of main contacts (12, 14), the second part (62) can take a first abutment position and a second end-of-travel position in which the first part (64) is depressed into the second part (62);
    - a drive mechanism (22) of the support arm (16) comprising a rotary shaft (20) and at least one connecting rod system (60) which couples the latter pivotally to the second part (62) of the support arm (16);
    the electrical protection apparatus (10) being characterized by the presence of a device for determining the integrity of the main contacts (12, 14), said device (70) being suitable for measuring the angle of rotation (α2) of the rotary shaft (20) between the first abutment position and the second end-of-travel position.
  2. The electrical protection apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the support arm (16) further comprises means (67) biasing the first part (64) to a salient position with respect to the second part (62).
  3. The electrical protection apparatus according to one of claims 1 or 2 wherein the electrical protection device comprises a plurality of identical pole-units and a pole-shaft (20) common to all the pole-units, the pole-shaft (20) being the rotary shaft of the drive mechanisms (22).
  4. The electrical protection apparatus according to claim 3 further comprising a pair of arcing contacts (82, 84) that are movable with respect to one another between an open position and a closed position, a first movable arcing contact (84) being securedly attached to a support arm (16), the pair of arcing contacts (82, 84) being in the open position in the closed position of the main contacts (12, 14) and in the second end-of-travel position of the main contacts (12, 14), and taking the closed position (82, 84) between the two.
  5. The electrical protection apparatus according to one of claims 3 or 4 further comprising a resetting device (44).
  6. The electrical protection apparatus according to one of claims 3 to 5 further comprising an actuating mechanism of the pole-shaft (20) with two rods (24, 26).
  7. The electrical protection apparatus according to claim 6 wherein rotation (α2) of the pole-shaft (20) between the first abutment position and the second end-of-travel position is about 30 % of the rotation (α) of the pole-shaft (20) between the open position of the main contacts (12, 14) and the second end-of-travel position.
  8. The electrical protection apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the device for determining (70) comprises a rotation sensor one component whereof is arranged on the rotation shaft (20).
  9. The electrical protection apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the rotation sensor (70) comprises magnetic means (72) arranged on the rotation shaft (20) and detection means (74) fitted on the case of the electrical protection apparatus (10), the magnetic means (72) and detection means (74) communicating without contact.
  10. A method for manufacturing an electrical protection apparatus (10) equipped with a device for measuring the erosion of its contacts (12, 14), wherein the electrical protection apparatus (10) comprises a rotary pole-shaft (20) driving at least one movable contact (14) between an open position and a closed position of a pair of contacts (12, 14), said movable contact (14) being mounted movable on its support (16) so that in the closed position of the contacts (12, 14), the movable contact (14) can take an abutment position and a depressed position in its support (16), said method for manufacturing comprising fitting of a rotation sensor (70) of the pole-shaft (20) at the level of one end of said pole-shaft (20).
  11. The method according to claim 10 wherein fitting of a sensor (70) comprises securing magnetic means (72) onto one end of the pole-shaft (20) and fitting means for detecting (74) their angular position facing the magnetic means (72).
EP10354011A 2009-05-18 2010-03-19 Apparatus for the assessment of the integrity of pressed contacts by the variation in the rotation of the pole shaft and its manufacturing process Active EP2254136B1 (en)

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PL10354011T PL2254136T3 (en) 2009-05-18 2010-03-19 Apparatus for the assessment of the integrity of pressed contacts by the variation in the rotation of the pole shaft and its manufacturing process

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FR0902433A FR2945661A1 (en) 2009-05-18 2009-05-18 EVALUATION OF THE WEAR OF CONTACTS ENFONCES BY THE VARIATION OF THE ROTATION OF THE TREE OF POLES

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CN101894692B (en) 2014-05-28
FR2945661A1 (en) 2010-11-19
US20100288606A1 (en) 2010-11-18
EP2254136A1 (en) 2010-11-24
ES2384633T3 (en) 2012-07-10
PL2254136T3 (en) 2012-10-31
US8264232B2 (en) 2012-09-11
CN101894692A (en) 2010-11-24

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