EP2243699B1 - Antriebssystem für ein Schiff - Google Patents
Antriebssystem für ein Schiff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2243699B1 EP2243699B1 EP09005615A EP09005615A EP2243699B1 EP 2243699 B1 EP2243699 B1 EP 2243699B1 EP 09005615 A EP09005615 A EP 09005615A EP 09005615 A EP09005615 A EP 09005615A EP 2243699 B1 EP2243699 B1 EP 2243699B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- batteries
- generators
- drive
- drive system
- electric drives
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003653 coastal water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
- B63H23/02—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing
- B63H23/10—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing for transmitting drive from more than one propulsion power unit
- B63H23/12—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing for transmitting drive from more than one propulsion power unit allowing combined use of the propulsion power units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/20—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by combinations of different types of propulsion units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
- B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
- B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J3/00—Driving of auxiliaries
- B63J3/02—Driving of auxiliaries from propulsion power plant
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a drive system for a ship.
- Ships of the type in question typically have as a drive unit to a diesel engine, with which a drive shaft is rotated by a propeller in rotary motion.
- a drive shaft is rotated by a propeller in rotary motion.
- several propellers may be provided on optionally a plurality of drive shafts.
- Such ships can be designed as cargo ships and in particular as inland vessels.
- Such inland vessels are operated in four different modes, namely the mode of uphill travel with fully loaded ship, the modes of descent in fully loaded or empty ship and the fashion of the canal cruise.
- the design of the drive power is always carried out so that it is designed for the largest possible load case, namely the uphill with fully loaded ship to always have a power reserve available, which ensures a maneuvering of the ship even under the most unfavorable conditions.
- the disadvantage here is that in most modes, in particular the modes of the descent and the mode of the channel travel only a small fraction of the power generated is needed, so that the drive unit is operated in an energetically unfavorable partial load operation.
- Another disadvantage is that such drive systems are not fail-safe, that is, the failure of individual components can lead to maneuverability of the ship.
- a drive system for a passenger ship has as a drive motor on a slow-running diesel engine, which is designed so that it covers the maximum travel speed required. For the additional power required to reach the top speed, an electric motor is connected in series with the diesel engine. The generation of electrical energy for this purpose by means of an arrangement of fast-running four-stroke engines.
- the additional electric motor, the diesel engine can be designed energetically cheaper, but there is no reliability guaranteed.
- the multiple drives which may be equipped in particular with propellers.
- the drives are powered by an electrical power supply system.
- This includes fuel cells that feed a DC grid, with which the power supply of normal drive drives takes place.
- the power supply system includes an AC power grid with generators for powering high-speed propulsion systems. Energy can be exchanged between the DC and AC mains. In this arrangement, a redundancy is provided only for the units of the DC voltage network. In addition, the provision of two power grids means a significant design effort.
- a drive system for a ship which also has a battery for powering an electric drive in addition to a generator.
- the AC voltages generated with these power supply units are converted by means of an AC / DC converter into a DC voltage for the electric drive.
- a circuit board with switching elements is provided as a distributor, by means of which it is controllable from which power supply units energy is fed into the electric drive.
- the WO 2008/130968 A1 relates to a power supply system for a naval ship, which has a motor for driving a drive shaft with a propeller.
- power supply modules generators and possibly batteries are provided, which are controlled by a controller in order to operate them in different modes.
- the power supply modules form participants of an AC circuit.
- the drive side is connected to a DC bus. To couple both buses an arrangement of rectifiers is provided.
- the invention has for its object to provide a drive system for a ship, which works energy efficient at high reliability.
- the drive system according to the invention for a ship comprises a drive shaft with a propeller and a multiple arrangement of electric drives on the at least one drive shaft as the first modular, redundant units.
- generators for the power supply of the electric drives are provided.
- An arrangement of batteries is provided, wherein the batteries are optionally switchable via switching means that with these a power supply of the electric drives is feasible or that they can be charged by means of the generators.
- the batteries are connected via the switching means or in the form of switches, to a DC voltage intermediate circuit, to the DC voltage intermediate circuit, the generators and the electric drives are each connected via further switching means in the form of switches.
- the switching means are controllable by a control unit.
- At least one module of the power supply formed by a battery or a generator, deactivated and operated by selective activation of the generators these in their optimal operating points.
- the control unit By means of the control unit, a monitoring for fail-safe of the drive system is performed. Upon detection of a failure of an electric drive on a drive shaft, the defective electric drive is decoupled from the DC intermediate circuit by pressing the switch. An intact electric drive on this drive shaft is activated by the associated switch being closed. In case of failure of a generator or a battery this or this is disconnected by pressing the switch from the DC link and a previously not activated generator coupled to the DC link.
- the drive system according to the invention can be used for ships of various kinds, especially for ships that are used in coastal waters and rivers, such as port Bugsier tugs and ferries.
- the use of the drive system according to the invention is particularly advantageous where, due to legal provisions, new ships may no longer be equipped with diesel engines. Examples are newbuildings in Norwegian fjords.
- the propulsion system according to the invention is used particularly advantageously for inland vessels and port Bugsier tugs.
- With the control according to the invention of the electric drives a particularly high increase in the efficiency and thus the economic efficiency of the drive system is obtained compared to known drive systems for inland vessels, which use exclusively diesel engines.
- a particularly energy-efficient operation is achieved in that in phases with high or medium power requirement of the electric drives, the generators for energy supply be used.
- the modular, redundant design of the generators is exploited such that selectively, in particular via a control unit, a suitable number of generators is activated such that these generators in their optimal operating points working enough energy for the electric drives available and existing excess energy used to charge the batteries. With the so charged during the journey of the ship batteries can then take place in suitable phases, especially in phases with low power consumption of the electric drives whose power supply alone via the battery, that is, the generators can then be turned off.
- the batteries are connected via the one or more switching means to a DC voltage intermediate circuit, wherein the generators and the electric drives are connected to the DC voltage intermediate circuit in each case via further switching means.
- the switching means are controllable by a control unit.
- the mode of the battery can be switched.
- the batteries are charged by the generators which supply the DC voltage intermediate circuit via the DC intermediate circuit or the batteries serve as energy suppliers for the electric drives, in which they feed energy into the DC intermediate circuit.
- the batteries are particularly advantageously formed by lithium polymer batteries. These have a particularly high power density with low weight
- the redundancy of the power supply is further increased by the additionally provided batteries.
- the arrangement of the batteries themselves be constructed redundant.
- the generators and electric drives preferably activated or deactivated. So can in case of failure of a generator, the drive system continues to operate with the remaining number of activated, still intact, reduced power generators. Alternatively, if one generator fails, it can be deactivated and an intact, hitherto not active generator can be activated for this purpose. Furthermore, in case of failure of one or all generators, the arrangement of the batteries can serve as emergency care. Conversely, if the batteries fail as an energy supply at least one generator to take over their function.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the drive system 1 according to the invention for a ship.
- the ship is an inland vessel, which is designed as a cargo ship.
- the drive system 1 has two propellers 2 in the present case, each propeller 2 being arranged at the end of a drive shaft 3.
- the propellers 2 are identical in the present case and have an array of propeller blades 2a arranged at regular angles to one another.
- each drive shaft To drive the propeller 2 3 three electric drives 4 are provided on each drive shaft.
- the electric drives 4 of a drive shaft 3 form for the associated propeller 2 to be driven redundant drive unit.
- the individual electric drives 4 may be identical or different.
- 4 electric motors are used as electric drives that generate high torques even at low speeds.
- the electric drives 4 are designed as hollow shaft motors, which can be arranged as direct drives on the drive shaft 3.
- a clutch 5 is provided on each drive shaft 3 between the electric drive 4 and the propeller 2.
- Each electric drive 4 is preceded by an inverter 6.
- a pressure bearing not shown, may be provided.
- the electric drives 4 are expediently stored in foundations.
- the voltage is supplied via a DC voltage intermediate circuit 7.
- a DC voltage provided in the DC intermediate circuit 7 is converted in the inverters 6 into an AC voltage having a frequency suitable for the electric drives 4.
- the individual electric drives 4 can be activated or deactivated by switching means in the form of switches 8, individually by connecting or disconnecting from the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7.
- each generator 9 is provided to generate the intermediate voltage in the DC intermediate circuit 7 .
- a different number of multiple generators 9 may be provided, which may be generally identical or different.
- a generator 9 is provided with a small power.
- the three other generators 9 have the same power, which is greater than the power of the first generator 9.
- identical generators 9 may be provided with the same power.
- the individual generators 9 form components of a redundant power supply unit.
- the generators 9 each consist of a diesel engine and an electric generator 9.
- Each generator 9, an inverter 10 is arranged downstream. With the inverter 10 AC voltages generated in the generator 9 are transformed into a DC voltage and fed into the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7.
- the generators 9 are each selectively switchable via switching means in the form of a switch 11 to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7.
- the redundant power supply unit is completed by an arrangement of batteries 12.
- the batteries 12 are formed in the present case of lithium polymer batteries.
- the entire arrangement of the batteries 12 can be connected via a switching means in the form of a further switch 13 to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7 or switched off from this.
- the redundancy of the power supply unit can be further increased by the fact that the arrangement of the batteries 12 forms at least two groups, each group can be connected individually via a switch 13 to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7.
- the one or more switches 13 for connecting the batteries 12 to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7 are formed as a circuit breaker. The same applies preferably to the switches 8, 11 for connecting the electric drives 4 or the generators 9.
- the drive shaft 3 or the drive shafts 3 with the electric drives 4 and the propellers 2 arranged thereon form one or more first modular units which can be independently installed by the generators 9 as second modular units.
- the drive shafts 3 can be arranged with the electric drives 4 in the rear of the ship, while the generators 9 can be arranged in the bow area. Since the generators 9 are thus displaced out of the rear area as large-volume power supply units, this freed-up rear area becomes the cargo area for cargo to be loaded Available. In all inland vessels, the tail area is considerably wider than the forward narrow tapered bow area. Due to the inventive displacement of the generators 9 as power supply units in the bow area and the resulting usability of the rear area as a loading area, the loading capacity of the inland vessel is significantly increased. Since the inland vessel typically has the greatest width in the rear area, this area represents a particularly valuable loading area, since large quantities of containers such as containers can also be accommodated there.
- the modular concept of the drive system 1 according to the invention can be particularly advantageous in that one or all drive shafts 3 with the propellers 2 and electric drives 4 arranged thereon form a preassembled, mechanical unit.
- the electric drives 4 are expediently mounted on foundations.
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram with a control unit 14 and components of the drive system 1 according to FIG. 1
- the control unit 14 can be designed as a central control, consisting of a PLC control or an arrangement of PLC controls.
- individual functions of the control unit 14 of decentralized controls which are integrated, for example, in the inverters 6 of the electric drives 4, can be adopted.
- the switches 8, 11, 13 and the inverter 6 of the electric drives 4 are controlled by the control unit 14.
- characteristics of the drive system 1, in particular of the electric drives 4 are preferably continuously determined and read into the control unit 14.
- suitable sensors may be provided.
- sensors may be provided for determining the ship's speed.
- parameters of the electric drives 4, in particular their current speeds and torques can be determined by sensors.
- means for detecting characteristics of the electric drives 4 such as their rotational speeds and motor currents are integrated on the inverter 10, the motor currents forming a measure of the torques of the electric drives 4.
- the power supply for the electric drives 4 is controlled by the control unit 14.
- the control is carried out adapted to the current power requirement of the electric drives 4.
- the switches 11, 13 are actuated in a suitable manner via the control unit 14.
- the power supply takes place solely via the generators 9.
- all or part of the generators 9 are connected to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7, so that with these generators 9 in DC voltage intermediate circuit 7, the supply voltage required for the electric drives 4 is provided ,
- the generators 9 provide excess energy available, which is used to charge the batteries 12.
- the switch 13 or generally the switching means for coupling the batteries 12 to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7 are designed so that they are placed via the control unit 14 in a switching state in which the batteries 12 are charged with the DC voltage generated in the DC intermediate circuit 7.
- the individual activated generators 9 are operated in their optimum operating points by the selective activation of the individual generators 9 in the generator mode. As a result, the operation of the generators 9 is optimized in terms of their energy consumption and power output.
- the power supply is in battery mode, that is, the generators 9 are disconnected from the DC link 7, while the batteries 12 are connected via the switch 13 or generally the switching means to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7 that the batteries 12 energy in feed the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7.
- the switchover between generator operation and battery operation carried out via the control unit 14 takes place without interruption such that for a short transitional period of a few seconds or fractions thereof, the generators 9 and the batteries 12 are switched so that both units feed energy into the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7, thus ensuring that is that the electric drives 4 are continuously supplied with energy without interruption.
- the inland waterway vessel is operated in four different modes in the present case.
- the first fashion forms the so-called mountain ride of the ship at full load.
- the power requirement is about 80% of the power that can be provided by the generators 9.
- the three generators 9 are activated by means of the control unit 14 with high power, while the generator 9 is deactivated with low power.
- the batteries 12 are charged via the activated generators 9.
- the power requirement is about 50% and 35% respectively of the maximum available power.
- two of the larger capacity generators 9 are suitably activated, while the remaining generators 9 are disabled. Also in these modes, the batteries 12 are charged via the activated generators 9.
- the drive system 1 is operated in battery mode, that is, the power is supplied exclusively via the batteries 12, while the generators 9 are turned off.
- At least one module of the power supply that is, the battery 12 or a generator 9 is disabled.
- an electric drive 4 per drive shaft 3 is always deactivated.
- control unit 14 monitoring failover of the drive system 1.
- the control unit 14 continuously checks the function of the connected units, in particular of all electric drive components. If an error or a failure of at least one of these components is registered, an alarm signal is generated.
- the drive system 1 is automatically transferred by the control unit 14 to a safe state.
- a generator 9 can be activated in order to take over the function of the failed batteries 12.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09005615A EP2243699B1 (de) | 2009-04-22 | 2009-04-22 | Antriebssystem für ein Schiff |
ES09005615T ES2384819T3 (es) | 2009-04-22 | 2009-04-22 | Sistema de accionamiento para un barco |
PL09005615T PL2243699T3 (pl) | 2009-04-22 | 2009-04-22 | System napędowy dla statku |
DK09005615.1T DK2243699T3 (da) | 2009-04-22 | 2009-04-22 | Fremdrivningssystem til et skib |
AT09005615T ATE553996T1 (de) | 2009-04-22 | 2009-04-22 | Antriebssystem für ein schiff |
HRP20120596AT HRP20120596T1 (hr) | 2009-04-22 | 2012-07-17 | Brodski pogonski sustav |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09005615A EP2243699B1 (de) | 2009-04-22 | 2009-04-22 | Antriebssystem für ein Schiff |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2243699A1 EP2243699A1 (de) | 2010-10-27 |
EP2243699B1 true EP2243699B1 (de) | 2012-04-18 |
Family
ID=41119918
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09005615A Active EP2243699B1 (de) | 2009-04-22 | 2009-04-22 | Antriebssystem für ein Schiff |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2243699B1 (hr) |
AT (1) | ATE553996T1 (hr) |
DK (1) | DK2243699T3 (hr) |
ES (1) | ES2384819T3 (hr) |
HR (1) | HRP20120596T1 (hr) |
PL (1) | PL2243699T3 (hr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT508573B1 (de) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-06-15 | Klein Herbert Mag | Hochsee- oder binnenschiff |
DE102010040904A1 (de) | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-22 | Aloys Wobben | Schiff, Energieversorgungssystem für selbiges sowie Verfahren zu dessen Steuerung |
DE102010040907A1 (de) | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-22 | Aloys Wobben | Elektromotor-Austausch |
WO2015001621A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-02 | 2015-01-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ハイブリッド駆動システム |
DE102017101145A1 (de) | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-26 | Torqeedo Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Bereitstellen elektrischer Energie für einen elektrischen Verbraucher und/oder zum Laden einer Batterie in einem Boot |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3043692C2 (de) * | 1980-11-19 | 1985-07-11 | Ingenieurkontor Luebeck Prof. Gabler Nachf. Gmbh, 2400 Luebeck | Elektrische Gleichstromquelle |
CH667627A5 (de) | 1985-09-03 | 1988-10-31 | Sulzer Ag | Schiffsantrieb. |
JP3215870B2 (ja) * | 1991-02-08 | 2001-10-09 | 三信工業株式会社 | 船舶推進機用バッテリー充電装置 |
US5199912A (en) * | 1991-08-15 | 1993-04-06 | Newport News Shipbuilding And Dry Dock Company | Electric power system for marine vehicles |
DE29604437U1 (de) * | 1996-03-11 | 1996-06-13 | Straus Ralf | Hybridantrieb |
DE10231152A1 (de) | 2002-07-10 | 2004-02-12 | Siemens Ag | Elektrisches Energieversorgungssystem für ein Schiff, insbesondere für ein mit niedriger IR-Signatur betreibbares Marine(Navy)-Schiff |
JP2008062905A (ja) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-21 | Yamaha Marine Co Ltd | 船舶推進機およびその運転方法 |
FR2907979B1 (fr) * | 2006-10-25 | 2009-01-16 | Beneteau | Systeme d'alimentation pour bateau |
US20100094490A1 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2010-04-15 | Glacier Bay, Inc | Power generation system for marine vessel |
-
2009
- 2009-04-22 ES ES09005615T patent/ES2384819T3/es active Active
- 2009-04-22 AT AT09005615T patent/ATE553996T1/de active
- 2009-04-22 DK DK09005615.1T patent/DK2243699T3/da active
- 2009-04-22 EP EP09005615A patent/EP2243699B1/de active Active
- 2009-04-22 PL PL09005615T patent/PL2243699T3/pl unknown
-
2012
- 2012-07-17 HR HRP20120596AT patent/HRP20120596T1/hr unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL2243699T3 (pl) | 2012-09-28 |
DK2243699T3 (da) | 2012-07-16 |
ES2384819T3 (es) | 2012-07-12 |
ATE553996T1 (de) | 2012-05-15 |
EP2243699A1 (de) | 2010-10-27 |
HRP20120596T1 (hr) | 2012-08-31 |
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