EP2220449B1 - Tunnel furnace for the temperature treatment of goods - Google Patents

Tunnel furnace for the temperature treatment of goods Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2220449B1
EP2220449B1 EP08853545.5A EP08853545A EP2220449B1 EP 2220449 B1 EP2220449 B1 EP 2220449B1 EP 08853545 A EP08853545 A EP 08853545A EP 2220449 B1 EP2220449 B1 EP 2220449B1
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Prior art keywords
tunnel
tunnel furnace
goods
furnace according
flow
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2220449A1 (en
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Wolfgang Hasselmann
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Umicore AG and Co KG
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Umicore AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
    • F27B9/021—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces having two or more parallel tracks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/3005—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tunnel kiln for the temperature treatment of goods in a continuous process within a manufacturing process.
  • Tunnel ovens or furnaces usually consist of several flanged segments.
  • the segments form a tunnel through which the objects to be treated are transported on a suitable conveyor belt.
  • a loading station and an unloading station are used for loading and unloading the conveyor belt.
  • the tunnel kilns are heated either by means of burners or electric heating elements.
  • the European patent application EP 1 106 947 A1 describes a tunnel furnace for the heating of printed circuit boards. Among other things, this oven has two parallel conveyor belts for the printed circuit boards.
  • Tunnel furnaces are also used in the manufacture of automotive catalytic converters for drying and calcining ceramic green bodies or a catalyst layer applied to inert supports. Tunnel furnaces for the calcination of ceramic honeycomb bodies are described, for example, in the patents US 6,048,199 . US 6,089,860 and US Pat. No. 6,325,963 B1 described.
  • DE 1 251 479 B discloses a method for transporting piece-form kiln through a tunnel kiln, with a number of separate tunneling units. Under the stove of the furnace in a heating chamber heating elements, or gas or oil burners or electric radiators are arranged. Each tunnel unit has its own fans, which are located under the stove hot air chamber in which the heating elements are arranged.
  • the present invention is particularly concerned with a tunnel kiln for the production of automotive exhaust catalysts.
  • the goods are therefore preferably freshly coated with catalyst monolithic support body as in shape be used by so-called honeycomb bodies made of ceramic or metal for the production of automotive exhaust catalysts.
  • the catalyst layer must be dried and calcined.
  • the tunnel kiln according to the invention can also be used for the treatment of other goods.
  • the catalytic coating of the honeycomb body usually consists of a slurry of oxidic carrier materials in water.
  • the slurry may further contain precursor compounds of catalytically active noble metals and promoters. These are often nitrates or chlorides of these noble metals and promoters, which are converted into the actual catalytically active components only by the calcination in the tunnel kiln. By drying and calcination water vapor and nitrogen oxides or chlorine compounds are released, which must be discharged together with a part of the furnace air from the tunnel kiln with simultaneous replacement by fresh air and optionally fed to an exhaust gas detoxification.
  • the honeycomb bodies From the loading station, the honeycomb bodies generally first pass into a drying zone in which they are dried at a temperature of about 100 to 200 ° C. After passing through the drying zone they enter the calcination zone, where they are treated at temperatures of 300 to 600 ° C. Then they leave the tunnel kiln via the unloading station.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel oven, which is particularly space-saving and optimally utilizes the heating energy used and thus contributes to energy savings.
  • a tunnel furnace for the temperature treatment of goods (12, 12 ') having a tunnel-shaped furnace space through which the goods to be treated are transported in a direction of passage, wherein the tunnel furnace in the direction of passage has a plurality of tunnel segments (10) flanged together.
  • each tunnel segment contains at least one fan (15) and at least one heating element (17) and a fresh air intake duct (19) and an exhaust duct (22) for waste air laden with exhaust gases and water vapor and the / Blower in the tunnel segments is / are arranged such that it / a circulation flow (23) with a downward and an upward flow across the Can produce passage direction, wherein two parallel conveyor belts (11, 11 ') are provided for the goods in the downward and upward flow and wherein the cross section of the tunnel oven perpendicular to the passage direction through a vertical flow baffle (13) is divided into two halves.
  • a circulation flow is generated transversely to the passage direction of the goods in the tunnel segments of the blower or blowers and the goods to be treated are transported by the circulation flow both on the pressure and on the suction side of the blower.
  • the generated gas stream is used optimally for the treatment of the goods.
  • the downward or upward flow is on the pressure side or on the suction side of the fan or vice versa.
  • the fan is driven by a motor which is arranged in the intake channel for the fresh air.
  • the tunnel segments have a rectangular cross-section and are each bounded by a bottom, a ceiling and two side walls, the fans are preferably introduced from below through the bottom in the furnace chamber.
  • the side walls of the tunnel segments can be designed hinged.
  • flow guide plates and perforated or slotted plates for uniform arrival and optionally flow through the goods to be treated can be arranged to guide the air flow.
  • the Strömungsleitbleche support the formation of the desired circulation flow.
  • Both gas or oil burners or electric heating elements are suitable for heating the furnace space.
  • electrical heating elements are used.
  • the exhaust passage is laid inside the tunnel segments.
  • the exhaust duct collects the exhaust air of the individual circulation flows and leads them outwards at a central point. If necessary, the exhaust air can be supplied to an exhaust gas detoxification.
  • the fans located inside the tunnel segments must be serviced or repaired from time to time.
  • the fans are flanged to the tunnel segment for the purpose of easy replacement with part of the floor or sidewall.
  • conveyor belts are used.
  • the goods to be treated on the suction and pressure side of the blower on two parallel conveyor belts are transported by the circulation flows.
  • both bands can be driven by a common drive.
  • the fan is arranged under only one of the conveyor belts with only a part of the goods.
  • the tunnel kiln is used, for example, for the drying and calcining of catalyst layer coated ceramic or metallic honeycomb bodies for the production of autocatalysts.
  • the desired temperature profile is set along the direction of passage of the tunnel kiln by controlling the heating elements of the tunnel segments.
  • the goods to be treated are transported on the parallel conveyor belts by the downward and upward flow of the circulation flow, wherein in each case a part of the circulation flow to remove released during the temperature treatment of the goods exhaust gases and water vapor is discharged from the furnace and replaced by an appropriate amount of fresh air.
  • the modular design of the tunnel kiln makes it possible to insert other stations, such as a station for reductive treatment of the goods with, for example, forming gas, between the tunnel segments according to the invention. Furthermore, it is possible to replace the heating of a selected tunnel segments, if necessary, by cooling.
  • the goods to be treated are only flowed through in one direction by the heating air.
  • the return flow is guided around the goods on the outside.
  • the individual tunnel segments must have a wider cross section than is necessary for the transport of the goods.
  • the return flow of the circulation flow is utilized for the treatment of the goods.
  • the individual tunnel segments can be designed correspondingly more compact.
  • Experience of the inventor shows that up to 30% lateral surface of a tunnel segment can be saved by the invention. This means a considerable saving in steel sheets and heat insulation.
  • the heat radiation is reduced in accordance with the saved lateral surface, which can not be completely avoided despite good insulation.
  • the tunnel kiln according to the invention thus also contributes significantly to the saving of energy.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a tunnel kiln (1).
  • a loading station (2) for loading the tunnel kiln with the goods to be treated, or an unloading station (3) for removing the treated goods.
  • the tunnel kiln consists of several flanged tunnel segments (4). Temperatures between 100 and 600, preferably between 100 and 500 ° C are required for the drying and calcination of autocatalysts.
  • the modular design of the furnace makes it possible to set the treatment temperature for each tunnel segment largely independent of adjacent segments. Thus, it is possible to adjust the temperature in the oven for drying the wet catalysts between 100 and 200 ° C then to the loading station. For example, after passing through this drying zone, the oven temperature is raised to 300 to 600 ° C to calcine the catalyst coating.
  • FIG. 2 shows by way of example the cross section of a tunnel segment (10) perpendicular to the direction of passage.
  • the cross section of the tunnel segment is rectangular and is limited by a bottom plate (24), a ceiling (25) and by the two side walls (26 and 27).
  • the cross section of the tunnel kiln is divided into two halves by a vertical flow baffle (13). In both halves is ever a conveyor belt (11, 11 ') for the goods to be transported through the tunnel (12, 12').
  • the conveyor belts are expediently perforated to impede the circulation flow as little as possible.
  • the longitudinal extent of the conveyor belts is directed perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • a fan (15) is flanged from below to the tunnel furnace and serves to generate the circulation flow (23).
  • the fan is driven by the motor (16).
  • the gas flows in the tunnel segment are in FIG. 2 indicated by dashed arrows.
  • On the suction side of the blower fresh air (18) via a suction passage (19) is sucked.
  • the fresh air (20) is brought by a heating element (17) to the necessary treatment temperature.
  • For cooling the fan motor it is advantageous to arrange the motor in the intake duct for the fresh air.
  • the hot exhaust gas laden with exhaust gases (21) is collected by an exhaust gas duct (22) and led to a central disposal point. To use the heat content of the exhaust gas, it is advantageous to lay the exhaust duct (22) in the interior of the tunnel segments.
  • the flow conditions in the tunnel segment can be influenced by suitable Strömungsleitbleche and diaphragms so that the goods to be treated are flown as evenly as possible. Exemplary is in FIG. 2 only another Strömungsleitbleich (14) shown. The necessary thermal insulation of the walls of the tunnel segment are in FIG. 2 not shown for the sake of clarity.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Tunnelofen für die Temperaturbehandlung von Waren im Durchlaufverfahren innerhalb eines Fertigungsprozesses.The invention relates to a tunnel kiln for the temperature treatment of goods in a continuous process within a manufacturing process.

Tunnelöfen oder Durchlauföfen bestehen die in der Regel aus mehreren aneinandergeflanschten Segmenten. Die Segmente bilden einen Tunnel durch den die zu behandelnden Gegenstände auf einem geeigneten Förderband transportiert werden. Eine Beladestation und eine Entladestation dienen zur Be- und Entladung des Förderbandes. Die Tunnelöfen werden entweder mit Hilfe von Brennern oder elektrischen Heizelementen beheizt.Tunnel ovens or furnaces usually consist of several flanged segments. The segments form a tunnel through which the objects to be treated are transported on a suitable conveyor belt. A loading station and an unloading station are used for loading and unloading the conveyor belt. The tunnel kilns are heated either by means of burners or electric heating elements.

Die Offenlegungsschrift DE 2 344 138 , die US-Patentschrift US 2,330,984 , die belgischen Patentschrift BE 557592 und die europäische Patentanmeldung EP 0 090 790 A1 offenbaren Tunnelöfen, in denen, angetrieben durch ein Gebläse, erhitzte Luft quer zur Transportrichtung der Waren zirkuliert. Die Zirkulationsströmung ist dabei so ausgebildet, daß sie die auf einem Transportband befindlichen Waren über die gesamte Breite des Transportbandes in gleicher Richtung durchströmt. Die Rückströmung der erhitzten Luft erfolgt über entsprechende Freiräume an beiden Seiten des Transportbandes innerhalb des Tunnelofens.The publication DE 2 344 138 , the US patent US 2,330,984 , the Belgian patent BE 557592 and the European patent application EP 0 090 790 A1 disclose tunnel ovens in which, driven by a fan, heated air circulates transversely to the transport direction of the goods. The circulation flow is designed so that it flows through the goods located on a conveyor belt over the entire width of the conveyor belt in the same direction. The return flow of the heated air takes place via appropriate clearances on both sides of the conveyor belt within the tunnel kiln.

Die europäische Patentanmeldung EP 1 106 947 A1 beschreibt einen Tunnelofen für die Erwärmung von Leiterplatten. Dieser Ofen besitzt unter anderem zwei parallele Transportbänder für die Leiterplatten.The European patent application EP 1 106 947 A1 describes a tunnel furnace for the heating of printed circuit boards. Among other things, this oven has two parallel conveyor belts for the printed circuit boards.

Tunnelöfen werden auch bei der Fertigung von Autoabgaskatalysatoren zur Trocknung und Kalzinierung von keramischen Grünkörpern oder einer auf inerten Trägern aufgebrachten Katalysatorschicht eingesetzt. Tunnelöfen für die Kalzinierung von keramischen Wabenkörpern werden zum Beispiel in den Patentschriften US 6,048,199 , US 6,089,860 und US 6,325,963 B1 beschrieben. DE 1 251 479 B offenbart ein Verfahren zum Transportieren von Brenngut in Stückform durch einen Tunnelofen, mit einer Anzahl getrennter Tunneleinheiten. Unter dem Herd des Ofens in einer Heizkammer sind Heizelemente, bzw. Gas- oder Ölbrenner oder Elektrische Heizkörper, angeordnet. Jede Tunneleinheit weist eigene Ventilatoren auf, welche der unter dem Herd befindlichen Heißluftkammer , in der die Heizelemente angeordnet sind.Tunnel furnaces are also used in the manufacture of automotive catalytic converters for drying and calcining ceramic green bodies or a catalyst layer applied to inert supports. Tunnel furnaces for the calcination of ceramic honeycomb bodies are described, for example, in the patents US 6,048,199 . US 6,089,860 and US Pat. No. 6,325,963 B1 described. DE 1 251 479 B discloses a method for transporting piece-form kiln through a tunnel kiln, with a number of separate tunneling units. Under the stove of the furnace in a heating chamber heating elements, or gas or oil burners or electric radiators are arranged. Each tunnel unit has its own fans, which are located under the stove hot air chamber in which the heating elements are arranged.

Die vorliegende Erfindung befaßt sich besonders mit einem Tunnelofen für die Herstellung von Autoabgaskatalysatoren. Bei den Waren handelt es sich daher bevorzugt um frisch mit Katalysatormaterial beschichtete monolithische Tragkörper wie sie in Form von sogenannten Wabenkörpern aus Keramik oder Metall zur Herstellung von Autoabgaskatalysatoren verwendet werden. Die Katalysatorschicht muß getrocknet und kalziniert werden. Der erfindungsgemäße Tunnelofen kann natürlich auch für die Behandlung anderer Waren eingesetzt werden.The present invention is particularly concerned with a tunnel kiln for the production of automotive exhaust catalysts. When the goods are therefore preferably freshly coated with catalyst monolithic support body as in shape be used by so-called honeycomb bodies made of ceramic or metal for the production of automotive exhaust catalysts. The catalyst layer must be dried and calcined. Of course, the tunnel kiln according to the invention can also be used for the treatment of other goods.

Die katalytische Beschichtung der Wabenkörper besteht gewöhnlich aus einer Aufschlämmung von oxidischen Trägermaterialien in Wasser. Die Aufschlämmung kann weiterhin Vorläuferverbindungen von katalytisch aktiven Edelmetallen und Promotoren enthalten. Dabei handelt es sich häufig um Nitrate oder Chloride dieser Edelmetalle und Promotoren, die erst durch die Kalzinierung im Tunnelofen in die eigentlichen katalytisch aktiven Komponenten überführt werden. Durch Trocknung und Kalzinierung werden Wasserdampf und Stickoxide oder Chlorverbindungen frei, die zusammen mit einem Teil der Ofenluft aus dem Tunnelofen bei gleichzeitigem Ersatz durch Frischluft ausgeschleust und gegebenenfalls einer Abgasentgiftung zugeführt werden müssen.The catalytic coating of the honeycomb body usually consists of a slurry of oxidic carrier materials in water. The slurry may further contain precursor compounds of catalytically active noble metals and promoters. These are often nitrates or chlorides of these noble metals and promoters, which are converted into the actual catalytically active components only by the calcination in the tunnel kiln. By drying and calcination water vapor and nitrogen oxides or chlorine compounds are released, which must be discharged together with a part of the furnace air from the tunnel kiln with simultaneous replacement by fresh air and optionally fed to an exhaust gas detoxification.

Von der Beladestation gelangen die Wabenkörper in der Regel zunächst in eine Trocknungszone, in der sie bei einer Temperatur von etwa 100 bis 200 °C getrocknet werden. Nach Durchlaufen der Trocknungszone treten sie in die Kalzinierungszone ein, in der sie bei Temperaturen von 300 bis 600 °C behandelt werden. Anschließend verlassen sie den Tunnelofen über die Entladestation.From the loading station, the honeycomb bodies generally first pass into a drying zone in which they are dried at a temperature of about 100 to 200 ° C. After passing through the drying zone they enter the calcination zone, where they are treated at temperatures of 300 to 600 ° C. Then they leave the tunnel kiln via the unloading station.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Tunnelofen anzugeben, der besonders raumsparend aufgebaut ist und die eingesetzte Heizenergie optimal nutzt und somit zur Energieeinsparung beiträgt.Object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel oven, which is particularly space-saving and optimally utilizes the heating energy used and thus contributes to energy savings.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Tunnelofen für die Temperaturbehandlung von Waren (12, 12') gelöst, der einen tunnelförmigen Ofenraum aufweist, durch den die zu behandelnden Waren in einer Durchlaufrichtung transportiert werden, wobei der Tunnelofen in Durchlaufrichtung mehrere aneinandergeflanschte Tunnelsegmente (10) aufweist. Der Tunnelofen ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Tunnelsegment wenigstens ein Gebläse (15) und wenigstens ein Heizelement (17) enthält sowie einen Ansaugkanal (19) für Frischluft und einen Abgaskanal (22) für mit Abgasen und Wasserdampf beladene Abluft, und daß das/die Gebläse in den Tunnelsegmenten so angeordnet ist/sind, daß es/sie eine Zirkulationsströmung (23) mit einer Abwärts- und einer Aufwärtsströmung quer zur Durchlaufrichtung erzeugen können, wobei zwei parallele Transportbänder (11, 11') für die Waren in der Abwärts- und Aufwärtsströmung vorgesehen sind und wobei der Querschnitt des Tunnelofens senkrecht zur Durchlaufrichtung durch ein vertikales Strömungsleitblech (13) in zwei Hälften geteilt ist.This object is achieved by a tunnel furnace for the temperature treatment of goods (12, 12 ') having a tunnel-shaped furnace space through which the goods to be treated are transported in a direction of passage, wherein the tunnel furnace in the direction of passage has a plurality of tunnel segments (10) flanged together. The tunnel kiln is characterized in that each tunnel segment contains at least one fan (15) and at least one heating element (17) and a fresh air intake duct (19) and an exhaust duct (22) for waste air laden with exhaust gases and water vapor and the / Blower in the tunnel segments is / are arranged such that it / a circulation flow (23) with a downward and an upward flow across the Can produce passage direction, wherein two parallel conveyor belts (11, 11 ') are provided for the goods in the downward and upward flow and wherein the cross section of the tunnel oven perpendicular to the passage direction through a vertical flow baffle (13) is divided into two halves.

Erfindungsgemäß wird in den Tunnelsegmenten von dem oder den Gebläsen eine Zirkulationsströmung quer zur Durchlaufrichtung der Waren erzeugt und die zu behandelnden Waren werden sowohl auf der Druck- als auch auf der Saugseite der Gebläse durch die Zirkulationsströmung transportiert. Dadurch wird der erzeugte Gasstrom für die Behandlung der Waren optimal genutzt. Je nach Anordnung der Gebläse befindet sich die Abwärts- oder Aufwärtsströmung auf der Druck- oder auf der Saugseite der Gebläse oder umgekehrt. Vorzugsweise wird das Gebläse von einem Motor angetrieben, der im Ansaugkanal für die Frischluft angeordnet ist.According to the invention, a circulation flow is generated transversely to the passage direction of the goods in the tunnel segments of the blower or blowers and the goods to be treated are transported by the circulation flow both on the pressure and on the suction side of the blower. As a result, the generated gas stream is used optimally for the treatment of the goods. Depending on the arrangement of the fans, the downward or upward flow is on the pressure side or on the suction side of the fan or vice versa. Preferably, the fan is driven by a motor which is arranged in the intake channel for the fresh air.

Bevorzugt weisen die Tunnelsegmente einen rechteckigen Querschnitt auf und sind jeweils von einem Boden, einer Decke und zwei Seitenwänden begrenzt, wobei die Gebläse bevorzugt von unten durch den Boden in den Ofenraum eingeführt sind. Zur Erleichterung allgemeiner Wartungs- und Reparaturarbeiten können die Seitenwände der Tunnelsegmente abklappbar ausgebildet sein.Preferably, the tunnel segments have a rectangular cross-section and are each bounded by a bottom, a ceiling and two side walls, the fans are preferably introduced from below through the bottom in the furnace chamber. To facilitate general maintenance and repair work, the side walls of the tunnel segments can be designed hinged.

Im Ofenraum können zur Führung des Luftstromes Strömungsleitbleche und Loch- oder Schlitzbleche zur gleichmäßigen An- und gegebenenfalls Durchströmung der zu behandelnden Waren angeordnet sein. Außerdem können die Strömungsleitbleche die Ausbildung der gewünschten Zirkulationsströmung unterstützen.In the furnace chamber flow guide plates and perforated or slotted plates for uniform arrival and optionally flow through the goods to be treated can be arranged to guide the air flow. In addition, the Strömungsleitbleche support the formation of the desired circulation flow.

Für die Beheizung des Ofenraums sind sowohl Gas- oder Ölbrenner oder elektrische Heizelemente geeignet. Bevorzugt werden elektrische Heizelemente verwendet.Both gas or oil burners or electric heating elements are suitable for heating the furnace space. Preferably, electrical heating elements are used.

Zur Verringerung von Wärmeverlusten ist es vorteilhaft, den Abgaskanal im Innern des Ofenraumes anzuordnen. Vorzugsweise ist daher der Abgaskanal im Inneren der Tunnelsegmente verlegt. Der Abgaskanal sammelt die Abluft der einzelnen Zirkulationsströmungen und führt sie an einer zentralen Stelle nach außen. Falls erforderlich kann die Abluft einer Abgasentgiftung zugeführt werden.To reduce heat losses, it is advantageous to arrange the exhaust passage inside the furnace chamber. Preferably, therefore, the exhaust duct is laid inside the tunnel segments. The exhaust duct collects the exhaust air of the individual circulation flows and leads them outwards at a central point. If necessary, the exhaust air can be supplied to an exhaust gas detoxification.

Die im Innern der Tunnelsegmente angeordneten Gebläse müssen von Zeit zu Zeit gewartet oder repariert werden. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Tunnelofens werden daher die Gebläse zum Zweck eines leichten Austauschs mit einem Teil des Bodens oder der Seitenwand an das Tunnelsegment angeflanscht.The fans located inside the tunnel segments must be serviced or repaired from time to time. In a preferred embodiment of the tunnel kiln, therefore, the fans are flanged to the tunnel segment for the purpose of easy replacement with part of the floor or sidewall.

Für den Transport der Waren durch den Tunnelofen können Wagen oder Transportbänder eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt werden Transportbänder verwendet. In diesem Fall werden die zu behandelnden Waren auf der Saug- und Druckseite der Gebläse auf zwei parallelen Transportbändern durch die Zirkulationsströmungen transportiert. Der Einfachheit halber können beide Bänder von einem gemeinsamen Antrieb angetrieben werden. Vorzugsweise ist das Gebläse unter nur einem der Transportbänder mit nur einem Teil der Waren angeordnet.For transporting the goods through the tunnel kiln cars or conveyor belts can be used. Preferably, conveyor belts are used. In this case, the goods to be treated on the suction and pressure side of the blower on two parallel conveyor belts are transported by the circulation flows. For simplicity, both bands can be driven by a common drive. Preferably, the fan is arranged under only one of the conveyor belts with only a part of the goods.

Der Tunnelofen wird zum Beispiel für die Trocknung und Kalzinierung von mit Katalysatorschichten beschichteten keramischen oder metallischen Wabenkörpern zur Herstellung von Autoabgaskatalysatoren verwendet. Zu diesem Zweck wird das gewünschte Temperaturprofil längs der Durchlaufrichtung des Tunnelofens durch Ansteuerung der Heizelemente der Tunnelsegmente eingestellt. Die zu behandelnden Waren werden auf den parallelen Transportbändern durch die Abwärts- und Aufwärtsströmung der Zirkulationsströmung transportiert, wobei jeweils ein Teil des Zirkulationsstromes zur Entfernung von bei der Temperaturbehandlung der Waren freiwerdenden Abgasen und Wasserdampf aus dem Ofen ausgeschleust und durch eine entsprechende Menge Frischluft ersetzt wird.The tunnel kiln is used, for example, for the drying and calcining of catalyst layer coated ceramic or metallic honeycomb bodies for the production of autocatalysts. For this purpose, the desired temperature profile is set along the direction of passage of the tunnel kiln by controlling the heating elements of the tunnel segments. The goods to be treated are transported on the parallel conveyor belts by the downward and upward flow of the circulation flow, wherein in each case a part of the circulation flow to remove released during the temperature treatment of the goods exhaust gases and water vapor is discharged from the furnace and replaced by an appropriate amount of fresh air.

Der modulare Aufbau des Tunnelofens macht es möglich, zwischen die erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelsegmente andere Stationen wie zum Beispiel eine Station zur reduktiven Behandlung der Waren mit zum Beispiel Formiergas einzufügen. Weiterhin ist es möglich, bei ausgewählten Tunnelsegmenten, falls erforderlich, die Heizung durch eine Kühlung zu ersetzen.The modular design of the tunnel kiln makes it possible to insert other stations, such as a station for reductive treatment of the goods with, for example, forming gas, between the tunnel segments according to the invention. Furthermore, it is possible to replace the heating of a selected tunnel segments, if necessary, by cooling.

Sollen nur geringe Stückzahlen von Waren im Ofen behandelt werden, so kann es vorteilhaft sein, einen Kammerofen auf der Basis nur eines Tunnelsegmentes aufzubauen, wobei die Förderbänder durch entsprechende Tragroste ersetzt sind.If only small numbers of goods to be treated in the oven, it may be advantageous to build a chamber furnace on the basis of only one tunnel segment, wherein the conveyor belts are replaced by corresponding supporting grates.

Bei den in der Beschreibungseinleitung besprochenen Tunnelöfen mit einer Zirkulationsströmung quer zur Durchlaufrichtung werden die zu behandelnden Waren nur in einer Richtung von der Heizluft durchströmt. Die Rückströmung wird jeweils außen um die Waren herumgeführt. Dies bedeutet, daß die einzelnen Tunnelsegmente einen breiteren Querschnitt aufweisen müssen als für den Transport der Waren notwendig ist. Im Gegensatz dazu wird bei der vorliegenden Erfindung auch der Rückstrom der Zirkulationsströmung für die Behandlung der Waren ausgenutzt. Dadurch können die einzelnen Tunnelsegmente entsprechend kompakter ausgelegt werden. Die Erfahrungen des Erfinders zeigen, daß bis zu 30 % Mantelfläche eines Tunnelsegmentes durch die Erfindung eingespart werden können. Das bedeutet eine erhebliche Ersparnis an Stahlblechen und Wärmeisolierung. Außerdem wird entsprechend der eingesparten Mantelfläche die Wärmeabstrahlung verringert, die auch trotz guter Isolierung nicht ganz vermieden werden kann. Der Tunnelofen gemäß der Erfindung trägt somit auch wesentlich zur Einsparung von Energie bei.In the tunnel furnaces discussed in the introduction to the introduction with a circulation flow transversely to the passage direction, the goods to be treated are only flowed through in one direction by the heating air. The return flow is guided around the goods on the outside. This means that the individual tunnel segments must have a wider cross section than is necessary for the transport of the goods. In contrast, in the present invention, the return flow of the circulation flow is utilized for the treatment of the goods. As a result, the individual tunnel segments can be designed correspondingly more compact. Experience of the inventor shows that up to 30% lateral surface of a tunnel segment can be saved by the invention. This means a considerable saving in steel sheets and heat insulation. In addition, the heat radiation is reduced in accordance with the saved lateral surface, which can not be completely avoided despite good insulation. The tunnel kiln according to the invention thus also contributes significantly to the saving of energy.

Die Erfindung wird an Hand der folgenden Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
Seitenansicht eines Tunnelofens
Figur 2:
Querschnitt durch ein Tunnelsegment
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. Show it:
FIG. 1:
Side view of a tunnel kiln
FIG. 2:
Cross section through a tunnel segment

Figur 1 zeigt den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Tunnelofens (1). Am Anfang und Ende des Tunnelofens befindet sich eine Beladestation (2) zur Beschickung des Tunnelofens mit den zu behandelnden Waren, beziehungsweise eine Entladestation (3) zur Entnahme der behandelten Waren. Der Tunnelofen besteht aus mehreren aneinandergeflanschten Tunnelsegmenten (4). Für die Trocknung und Kalzinierung von Autoabgaskatalysatoren werden Temperaturen zwischen 100 und 600, bevorzugt zwischen 100 und 500 °C benötigt. Der modulare Aufbau des Ofens ermöglicht es, die Behandlungstemperatur für jedes Tunnelsegment weitgehend unabhängig von benachbarten Segmenten einzustellen. So ist es möglich, an die Beladestation anschließend die Temperatur im Ofen zur Trocknung der feuchten Katalysatoren zwischen 100 und 200 °C einzustellen. Erst nach Durchlaufen dieser Trocknungszone wird die Ofentemperatur zum Beispiel auf 300 bis 600 °C erhöht, um die Katalysatorbeschichtung zu kalzinieren. FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a tunnel kiln (1). At the beginning and end of the tunnel kiln is a loading station (2) for loading the tunnel kiln with the goods to be treated, or an unloading station (3) for removing the treated goods. The tunnel kiln consists of several flanged tunnel segments (4). Temperatures between 100 and 600, preferably between 100 and 500 ° C are required for the drying and calcination of autocatalysts. The modular design of the furnace makes it possible to set the treatment temperature for each tunnel segment largely independent of adjacent segments. Thus, it is possible to adjust the temperature in the oven for drying the wet catalysts between 100 and 200 ° C then to the loading station. For example, after passing through this drying zone, the oven temperature is raised to 300 to 600 ° C to calcine the catalyst coating.

Figur 2 zeigt beispielhaft den Querschnitt eines Tunnelsegmentes (10) senkrecht zur Durchlaufrichtung. Der Querschnitt des Tunnelsegmentes ist rechteckförmig und wird begrenzt von einem Bodenblech (24), einer Decke (25) sowie von den beiden Seitenwänden (26 und 27). Der Querschnitt des Tunnelofens ist durch ein vertikales Strömungsleitblech (13) in zwei Hälften geteilt. In beiden Hälften befindet sich je ein Transportband (11, 11') für die durch den Tunnel zu transportierenden Waren (12, 12'). Die Transportbänder werden zweckmäßigerweise gelocht ausgeführt, um den Zirkulationsstrom möglichst wenig zu behindern. In Figur 2 ist die Längsausdehnung der Transportbänder senkrecht zur Zeichenebene gerichtet. Ein Gebläse (15) ist von unten an den Tunnelofen angeflanscht und dient zur Erzeugung der Zirkulationsströmung (23). Das Gebläse wird vom Motor (16) angetrieben. Die Gasströmungen im Tunnelsegment sind in Figur 2 durch gestrichelte Pfeile gekennzeichnet. Auf der Saugseite des Gebläses wird Frischluft (18) über einen Ansaugkanal (19) angesaugt. Die Frischluft (20) wird durch ein Heizelement (17) auf die notwendige Behandlungstemperatur gebracht. Zur Kühlung des Gebläsemotors ist es vorteilhaft, den Motor im Ansaugkanal für die Frischluft anzuordnen. Die heiße und mit Abgasen beladene Abluft (21) wird von einem Abgaskanal (22) gesammelt und zu einer zentralen Entsorgungsstelle geführt. Zur Nutzung des Wärmeinhalts des Abgases ist es vorteilhaft, den Abgaskanal (22) im Innern der Tunnelsegmente zu verlegen. Die Strömungsverhältnisse im Tunnelsegment können durch geeignete Strömungsleitbleche und Blenden so beeinflußt werden, daß die zu behandelnden Waren möglichst gleichmäßig angeströmt werden. Beispielhaft ist in Figur 2 nur ein weiteres Strömungsleitbleich (14) dargestellt. Die notwendige Wärmedämmung der Wände des Tunnelsegments sind in Figur 2 zu Wahrung der Übersichtlichkeit nicht gezeigt. FIG. 2 shows by way of example the cross section of a tunnel segment (10) perpendicular to the direction of passage. The cross section of the tunnel segment is rectangular and is limited by a bottom plate (24), a ceiling (25) and by the two side walls (26 and 27). The cross section of the tunnel kiln is divided into two halves by a vertical flow baffle (13). In both halves is ever a conveyor belt (11, 11 ') for the goods to be transported through the tunnel (12, 12'). The conveyor belts are expediently perforated to impede the circulation flow as little as possible. In FIG. 2 the longitudinal extent of the conveyor belts is directed perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. A fan (15) is flanged from below to the tunnel furnace and serves to generate the circulation flow (23). The fan is driven by the motor (16). The gas flows in the tunnel segment are in FIG. 2 indicated by dashed arrows. On the suction side of the blower fresh air (18) via a suction passage (19) is sucked. The fresh air (20) is brought by a heating element (17) to the necessary treatment temperature. For cooling the fan motor, it is advantageous to arrange the motor in the intake duct for the fresh air. The hot exhaust gas laden with exhaust gases (21) is collected by an exhaust gas duct (22) and led to a central disposal point. To use the heat content of the exhaust gas, it is advantageous to lay the exhaust duct (22) in the interior of the tunnel segments. The flow conditions in the tunnel segment can be influenced by suitable Strömungsleitbleche and diaphragms so that the goods to be treated are flown as evenly as possible. Exemplary is in FIG. 2 only another Strömungsleitbleich (14) shown. The necessary thermal insulation of the walls of the tunnel segment are in FIG. 2 not shown for the sake of clarity.

Claims (12)

  1. Tunnel furnace comprising a furnace chamber and a throughput direction for the temperature treatment of goods (12, 12'), the tunnel furnace including a plurality of tunnel segments (10) flanged together in the throughput direction,
    characterized in that
    each tunnel segment includes at least one blower (15) and at least one heating element (17) as well as an intake duct (19) for fresh air and an exhaust duct (22) for exhaust air laden with exhaust gases and water vapor, and in that the blower(s) in the tunnel segments is/are arranged in such a way that it/they can produce a circulation flow (23) with a downward and an upward flow transverse to the throughput direction, two parallel conveyor belts (11, 11') being provided for the goods in the downward and upward flow, the cross section of the tunnel furnace being divided into two halves perpendicularly to the throughput direction by a vertical flow guide plate (13).
  2. Tunnel furnace according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the blower (15) is driven by a motor (16) which is arranged in the intake duct (19) for the fresh air (18).
  3. Tunnel furnace according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the tunnel segments have a rectangular cross section and are each delimited by a base plate (24), a ceiling (25) and two side walls (26, 27), the blower being introduced from below through the base into the furnace chamber.
  4. Tunnel furnace according to claim 3,
    characterized in that
    flow guide plates (13) for guiding the air flow and perforated or slotted plates (14) for even inflow to the goods to be treated are arranged in the furnace chamber.
  5. Tunnel furnace according to claim 4,
    characterized in that
    the heating elements (17) are electrically operated.
  6. Tunnel furnace according to claim 5,
    characterized in that
    the exhaust pipe (22) collects the exhaust air of the individual circulation flows and conducts them outside at a central point.
  7. Tunnel furnace according to claim 6,
    characterized in that
    the exhaust duct (22) is laid inside the tunnel segments.
  8. Tunnel furnace according to claim 6,
    characterized in that
    the side walls of the tunnel segments are designed to be foldable in order to facilitate maintenance and repair work.
  9. Tunnel furnace according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the two conveyor belts are driven by a common drive.
  10. Tunnel furnace according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the blower (15) is arranged below only one of the conveyor belts (11') with only a portion of the goods (12').
  11. Use of the tunnel furnace according to any of the preceding claims for the drying and calcining ceramic or metallic honeycomb bodies coated with catalyst layers.
  12. Method for operating the tunnel furnace according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the desired temperature profile is adjusted along the throughput direction of the tunnel furnace by controlling the respective heating elements, and the goods to be treated are transported on the parallel conveyor belts through the downward and upward flow of the circulation flow, a portion of the circulation flow in each case being discharged from the furnace in order to remove exhaust gases and water vapor released during the temperature treatment of the goods, and replaced by a corresponding quantity of fresh air.
EP08853545.5A 2007-11-26 2008-11-24 Tunnel furnace for the temperature treatment of goods Revoked EP2220449B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL08853545T PL2220449T3 (en) 2007-11-26 2008-11-24 Tunnel furnace for the temperature treatment of goods

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007057237A DE102007057237A1 (en) 2007-11-26 2007-11-26 Tunnel kiln for the temperature treatment of goods
PCT/EP2008/066092 WO2009068505A1 (en) 2007-11-26 2008-11-24 Tunnel furnace for the temperature treatment of goods

Publications (2)

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EP2220449A1 EP2220449A1 (en) 2010-08-25
EP2220449B1 true EP2220449B1 (en) 2019-05-08

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EP (1) EP2220449B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5656639B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101874188B (en)
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CA (1) CA2706615C (en)
DE (1) DE102007057237A1 (en)
PL (1) PL2220449T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2495346C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2009068505A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201003934B (en)

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CN102135377A (en) * 2011-03-02 2011-07-27 西南交通大学 Heat treatment furnace for dynamically and continuously preparing high-temperature superconductive strip with fluorine-free chemical solution deposition method
CN102343991B (en) * 2011-10-10 2013-12-11 楚天科技股份有限公司 Tunnel type sterilizing drier
FR3032265B1 (en) * 2015-02-04 2017-02-10 Fives Stein METHOD FOR CONTROLLING OVEN FROM MEASUREMENTS OF FORMED CALAMINE
JP6474286B2 (en) * 2015-03-09 2019-02-27 ヤマト科学株式会社 Clean exhaust system
JP6200924B2 (en) * 2015-09-07 2017-09-20 トーホーエンジニアリング株式会社 Hot air circulation furnace
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JP2011504573A (en) 2011-02-10
CA2706615C (en) 2015-11-03
DE102007057237A1 (en) 2009-05-28
US8476559B2 (en) 2013-07-02
WO2009068505A1 (en) 2009-06-04
US20100301033A1 (en) 2010-12-02
EP2220449A1 (en) 2010-08-25
CA2706615A1 (en) 2009-06-04
RU2010125105A (en) 2012-01-10
BRPI0819905A2 (en) 2015-05-19
JP5656639B2 (en) 2015-01-21
RU2495346C2 (en) 2013-10-10
BRPI0819905B1 (en) 2018-01-02
CN101874188B (en) 2012-12-19
PL2220449T3 (en) 2020-03-31
CN101874188A (en) 2010-10-27
ZA201003934B (en) 2011-02-23

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