EP2220351A1 - Exhaust gas cooler for a motor vehicle - Google Patents
Exhaust gas cooler for a motor vehicleInfo
- Publication number
- EP2220351A1 EP2220351A1 EP08850024A EP08850024A EP2220351A1 EP 2220351 A1 EP2220351 A1 EP 2220351A1 EP 08850024 A EP08850024 A EP 08850024A EP 08850024 A EP08850024 A EP 08850024A EP 2220351 A1 EP2220351 A1 EP 2220351A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- gas cooler
- exchanger tubes
- collector
- cooler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
- F02B29/045—Constructional details of the heat exchangers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation, materials, or manufacturing and assembly
- F02B29/0475—Constructional details of the heat exchangers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation, materials, or manufacturing and assembly the intake air cooler being combined with another device, e.g. heater, valve, compressor, filter or EGR cooler, or being assembled on a special engine location
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/29—Constructional details of the coolers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation or materials
- F02M26/31—Air-cooled heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
- F28D1/0443—Combination of units extending one beside or one above the other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
- F28F9/002—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core with fastening means for other structures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to an exhaust gas cooler for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an integrated unit of exhaust gas cooler and intercooler according to the preamble of claim 20.
- DE 10 2005 047 840 A1 describes an air-cooled exhaust gas cooler based on the principle of a tube bundle heat exchanger, in which a stack of parallel flat tubes with ribs arranged between them are arranged between lateral collector boxes.
- the exhaust gas is supplied via one of the collector box and distributed to the plurality of exchanger tubes, which are flowed around to cool the exhaust gas of air.
- the support member is designed as a holding member for connecting the exhaust gas cooler with a support structure, wherein under the thermal expansion of the exchanger tubes an elastic deformation of the holding member takes place.
- an elongation of the exhaust gas cooler is compensated for in total via its mounting or mounting, without the support undesirably high, the expansion in particular locally oppositely directed forces in the exhaust gas cooler or intercooler initiates.
- part of the vibrations introduced by the pulsating exhaust gas flow can also be absorbed or damped by such an elastically deformable holder.
- the holding member comprises a multi-angled, in particular substantially Z-shaped sheet metal part. Due to the multiple angulation, which in cross section e.g. gives a zigzag shape, S-shape, meander shape, Z-shape or the like, is in a simple way in the vertical direction very stiff and in Winkelung- direction, for example, in the direction of the exchanger tubes oriented, elastic support possible. This is particularly advantageous when the acting acceleration forces in the vertical direction are greatest.
- the holding member is materially connected to the exhaust gas cooler, in particular by means of welding.
- welding according to the invention is also a Hochtemperaturverlötung (> 900 ° C) or a Hartverlötung (450 0 C - 900 0 C), for example by means of a preferred as
- air-cooled exhaust gas coolers usually consist of a steel or another high-temperature-resistant material.
- the exhaust gas cooler according to the invention may also consist of aluminum or another less temperature-resistant material.
- the support member may be bolted to the support structure, which in particular a disassembly for the purpose of maintenance or replacement of the exhaust gas cooler is made possible.
- the holding member is integrally attached to the hot exhaust gas cooler and the support structure by means of a screw connection or according to other releasable attachment.
- a first holding member is disposed on the first header box and a second holding member is arranged on the second header box, wherein the one of the collector boxes is held substantially stationary to the support structure and the other header box moves relative to the support structure in dependence on the thermal expansion.
- a first holding member and the second collector box a second holding member is disposed on the first header box, wherein the two holding members are fixed to each other angled, in particular vertical surfaces.
- the support member is designed as a side part for the lateral cover of the plurality of exchanger tubes.
- Side covers of luftumströmten tube bundles are already common for reasons of operational safety.
- a side part is therefore formed in a special way as a support member for absorbing expansion-related forces and is connected to the collecting element.
- the side part is designed as a particular one-piece sheet metal part. However, it may alternatively be formed as a welded from several pieces of sheet metal molding.
- the side part has end-side tabs for the material-locking attachment to the collector box, wherein the tabs extend over a length of the collector box.
- the front with respect to the flow around with cooling air side of the particular designed as flat tubes exchanger tubes will be cooler than the rear side.
- the said bending stresses occur, which are well compensated by the side part with its tabs.
- the length of the tabs is more than one, in particular more than two repetition units of the exchanger tubes.
- the side part may have an edge-side bend, in particular a U-shaped cross-sectional profile, over substantially its entire length, which gives good rigidity.
- the side part is provided only over a partial region of its length with a peripheral bend, in particular a U-shaped cross-sectional profile.
- the side part is arranged such that the edge-side bend or one or both legs of the U-shaped cross-sectional profile of the outermost fin layer partially or substantially completely covers.
- the side part is connected in a materially cohesive manner, in particular with a laterally outer rib of the exhaust gas cooler.
- the supporting force can be introduced particularly well into a network of flat tubes and cooling fins.
- the side part spaced from its connection with the collector box has at least one weakening in the direction of the exchanger tubes.
- the weakening can be formed in a simple manner as a slit or opening of the side part. Such a weakening allows a reduced support of the peripheral tubes in its central region, but a clear support in the end regions of the tubes. Especially in the end areas, the support is desired in order to relieve the sensitive transitions or welds or soldering of the exchanger tubes in the bottoms of the collector jaws of expansion-related forces.
- cooling fins in particular of steel, are arranged between the exchanger tubes. It is particularly preferred that the cooling fins terminate the cooling fins at a distance of more than about 10 mm, in particular up to about 25 mm from the bottom of the collector box to reduce expansion-related mechanical stresses. Further advantageously, the cooling fins have a material thickness of not more than about 0.15 mm, preferably 0.1 mm, in particular about 0.08 mm. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the cooling fins have rounded or angled flanks to reduce their stiffness in the vertical direction.
- the object of the invention is achieved for an integrated unit from an exhaust gas cooler and an intercooler according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 20.
- Particularly advantageous in this case have the collector boxes of the charge air cooler in their longitudinal direction not penetrated by exchanger tubes of the charge air cooler area, the exhaust gas cooler is received in this area between the collector boxes of the intercooler.
- the extended area of the collector boxes which can also be designed or interpreted as a kind of rigid supply line to the charge air cooler, expediently forms at the same time a supporting structure holding the exhaust gas cooler.
- the exhaust gas cooler is provided as an optional module.
- the exhaust gas cooler u.a. for reasons of high temperatures consist of a steel and the intercooler u.a. For reasons of weight and cost of aluminum.
- the collector boxes of the exhaust gas cooler extend adjacent and parallel to the collector of the intercooler, a collector box of the exhaust gas cooler is fixed to a header box of the intercooler.
- the integrated unit according to the invention is designed so that the exhaust gas cooler is designed as an exhaust gas cooler according to one of claims 1 to 19. This results in particularly favorable combinations of features.
- An example of this is the combination of cooled exhaust gas and cooled charge air in the vicinity of the substantially fixed location of the exhaust gas cooler in the sense of claim 6, wherein the support structure of the exhaust gas cooler is a header box of the intercooler.
- Fig. 1 shows a plan view of an integrated unit of a charge air cooler and an exhaust gas cooler according to the invention according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view from above of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the exhaust gas cooler from FIG. 1 with a Z-shaped holding member.
- 4 shows a detailed view of the exhaust gas cooler from FIG. 1 with an L-shaped retaining member.
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic plan view of an exhaust gas cooler according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 6 shows a partial spatial view of the exhaust gas cooler of FIG. 5 with a side part.
- FIG. 7 shows a first modification of the side part from FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 shows a second modification of the side part from FIG. 6.
- FIG. 9 shows a third modification of the side part of Fig. 6
- Fig. 10 shows a fourth modification of the side part of Fig. 6
- Fig. 11 shows a schematic representation of an improved cooling fin.
- the first embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 1 comprises an integrated unit of a charge air cooler 1 and an exhaust gas cooler 2.
- the charge air cooler 1 consists essentially of aluminum and comprises an inlet-side header box 3 and an outlet-side header box 4, which are formed as elongated, hollow die-cast parts , In their upper end area, the collector boxes have a curved course adapted to the installation space for connection to further lines.
- the collector boxes 3, 4 are connected by a plurality of parallel, arranged in a plane aluminum flat tubes 5, between which not shown rib members are provided to increase the effective surface.
- the intercooler 1 is arranged in front of a motor vehicle, in this case a commercial vehicle, in front of an engine coolant radiator and the exchanger tubes are surrounded by outside air in the direction of travel.
- the elongated collector boxes are oriented substantially vertically.
- the collector boxes 3, 4 extend upwardly beyond the area connected by the exchanger tubes.
- the exhaust gas cooler 2 is arranged between the collector boxes of the intercooler.
- the exhaust gas cooler 2 consists essentially of steel and has two lateral collector boxes 6, 7, which are connected by a plurality of flat exchanger tubes 8, which open into trays 6a, 7a of the collector boxes 6, 7.
- the parallel exchanger tubes 8 are arranged in the same plane as the exchanger tubes 5 of the intercooler 1. Between the exchanger tubes 8 are each provided cooling fins 8, which are brazed flat with the flat tubes 8.
- the inlet-side header box 6 and the outlet-side header box 7 of the exhaust gas cooler are each connected via a support member 9, 10 formed as a holding member to the adjacent header boxes 3, 4 of the charge exhaust cooler, which provide a support structure for the exhaust gas cooler.
- the entry-side support member 9 is a multi-angled, Z-shaped sheet metal part (see in particular Fig. 2), which is fixed cohesively with a tongue 9a in a weld region 6b of the collector box 6, for example by laser welding or surface high temperature or Hart- soldering.
- the holding member has 9 tongues 9b with screw hole for screwing the retaining member 9 to the header box 3 of the intercooler, for which purpose are provided at this corresponding thread.
- the Z-shaped holding member 9 is elastically deformed, so that a secure holder remains and also the original extent is achieved without damage again when cooled.
- this arrangement has the advantage that by the arrangement of the holding members 9, 10 on mutually perpendicular surfaces of the collector boxes 6, 7 can be done a compensation of component tolerances of the exhaust gas cooler in all spatial directions.
- the Z-shaped holder and is fixed on the vertical direction of travel to the rear of the collector box 6 of the exhaust gas cooler 2 by means of mechanical joining, in particular welding and soldering. Due to its suitable positioning, the component tolerance in the tube longitudinal direction and in the vertical direction can be compensated.
- the L-shaped holder is fixed laterally on a surface perpendicular to the transverse direction or exchanger tube direction on the other collector box 7 of the exhaust gas cooler and thus enables a compensation of the component tolerances in the vertical direction and in the direction of travel.
- the connecting pieces of the collector boxes 6, 7 can be accurately positioned and the thermal elongation is compensated at the same time, the holder 9, 10 have sufficient rigidity to endure the mechanical stresses occurring and meet the durability requirements ,
- Another support member according to the invention is designed as a side part 11.
- the side part 11 is arranged at one end of the stack of dip tubes 8 and cooling ribs 9 and is connected in a materially bonded manner to a respective one of the outer cooling ribs 9, in this case by high-temperature or hard soldering.
- the side part 11 is formed in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 as a one-piece sheet-metal shaped part with bent-over lateral edges 12, so that it has a substantially U-shaped cross section.
- the bends to tabs 13 which extend over a length of the collector box 6, 7 of presently about three repeating units of exchanger tubes 8 and cooling fins 9 and cohesively by Hartverlotung or welding to the collector boxes 6, 7 are fixed.
- the tabs 13 have openings 13 a, which allow a flow around the exchanger tubes with air in the region of their overlaps by the tabs.
- the exchanger tubes it is desirable for the exchanger tubes to be able to stretch as freely as possible outside of this critical region of the transitions, in order to avoid excessive material tension at the high temperatures of an exhaust gas cooler.
- the side part in preferred further developed embodiments targeted weakening 14 in its central region.
- the weakening 14 is designed as transverse slits arranged in the middle region, wherein the side part is integrally connected in the region of the transverse slit only by a bead-like curling of the bent edge region.
- alternating multiple cuts are provided instead of the notches, whereby likewise a particularly good extensibility of the side part in the longitudinal direction in the region of the weakenings is achieved.
- end-side regions 15 of the side part 13 have a solid surface with a U-shaped cross-section and tabs 13, wherein the end-side regions are connected by narrow and longitudinally elastic connecting webs 16, which also weaken represents 15 compared to the end-side areas.
- the length of the regions 15 is only about 10% -20% of the total length of the side part.
- the end-side tabs 13 can also be doubled as in a modification according to FIG. 9, in particular welded from two sheets and be formed with a total of H-shaped cross-section, whereby a particularly high stability is achieved.
- Fig. 11 shows a schematic side view of a cooling fin, which allows a further reduction of the thermally induced voltage. This is achieved by bends or fillets 17 of the rib flanks, so that the ribs represent a less strong tension and pressure anchor in the vertical direction.
- the cooling fin is in the state of the art firmly connected to the pipes and therefore forms a very rigid component. This is particularly the case when using a ribbed rib with vertical or nearly vertical flanks. These ribs thus represent a very strong vertical tension and pressure anchor. Whereby a deformation in the horizontal direction or a displacement of adjacent tubes to each other is very difficult. As a rule, these ribs have a high material thickness in the prior art when they are made of stainless steel for reasons of heat conduction. Due to the changing load, conditions arise in which the ribbed tube block expands more strongly in the vertical direction than the trays or collector boxes or vice versa.
- the exchanger tubes 8 are subject to a strong alternating bending stress in the region of their attachment to the bottoms. This is especially true near the pipe ends, since the cooling fin is usually a distance of 3 to 10 mm to the ground, wherein the total length of the exchanger tubes, for example, is about 70 cm.
- the bending stress of the tube takes place mainly in the space between the end of the cooling fins 9 and the bottom 6a, 7a.
- the ribs are shortened, so that the exchanger tubes 8 project on both sides between about 10 mm and about 25 mm.
- the bending load is reduced to a transfer the pipe section and reduce the maximum tension at the end of the pipe.
- the material thickness is reduced in execution in stainless steel to not more than about 0.1 mm, more preferably about 0.8 mm.
- the rigidity of the ribbed tube block is significantly reduced and relieves the pipe ends, since a part of the deformations due to thermal load can now also be done in the ribbed tube block itself.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007054165 | 2007-11-12 | ||
PCT/EP2008/009559 WO2009062697A1 (en) | 2007-11-12 | 2008-11-12 | Exhaust gas cooler for a motor vehicle |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2220351A1 true EP2220351A1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
Family
ID=40473695
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08850024A Withdrawn EP2220351A1 (en) | 2007-11-12 | 2008-11-12 | Exhaust gas cooler for a motor vehicle |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8794300B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2220351A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5426563B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101855429B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008057039A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009062697A1 (en) |
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JP2007051576A (en) * | 2005-08-17 | 2007-03-01 | Tokyo Roki Co Ltd | Egr cooler |
JP2007163015A (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-28 | Tokyo Roki Co Ltd | Mounting structure of heat exchanger |
JP4779641B2 (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2011-09-28 | 株式会社デンソー | Combined heat exchanger |
RU2411390C2 (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2011-02-10 | Бер Гмбх Унд Ко. Кг | Heat exchanger |
US7464700B2 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2008-12-16 | Proliance International Inc. | Method for cooling an internal combustion engine having exhaust gas recirculation and charge air cooling |
DE102006017610B4 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2020-08-06 | Mahle International Gmbh | Heat exchanger for charge air cooling for motor vehicles, system |
SE530325C2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-05-06 | Scania Cv Ab | cooler arrangement |
-
2008
- 2008-11-12 DE DE102008057039A patent/DE102008057039A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-11-12 CN CN2008801159111A patent/CN101855429B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-12 JP JP2010532511A patent/JP5426563B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-12 EP EP08850024A patent/EP2220351A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-11-12 WO PCT/EP2008/009559 patent/WO2009062697A1/en active Application Filing
-
2010
- 2010-05-10 US US12/776,767 patent/US8794300B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-06-20 US US14/310,408 patent/US20140299294A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2009062697A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5426563B2 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
CN101855429B (en) | 2013-03-27 |
US8794300B2 (en) | 2014-08-05 |
DE102008057039A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
US20140299294A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
CN101855429A (en) | 2010-10-06 |
JP2011503500A (en) | 2011-01-27 |
WO2009062697A1 (en) | 2009-05-22 |
US20100218914A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
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