EP2216517B1 - Burst protection device for radial compressor - Google Patents
Burst protection device for radial compressor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2216517B1 EP2216517B1 EP10150616A EP10150616A EP2216517B1 EP 2216517 B1 EP2216517 B1 EP 2216517B1 EP 10150616 A EP10150616 A EP 10150616A EP 10150616 A EP10150616 A EP 10150616A EP 2216517 B1 EP2216517 B1 EP 2216517B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- housing
- axial
- support element
- webs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000695 excitation spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
- A63H37/00—Jokes; Confetti, streamers, or other dance favours ; Cracker bonbons or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
- A63H29/00—Drive mechanisms for toys in general
- A63H29/10—Driving mechanisms actuated by flowing media
- A63H29/14—Driving mechanisms actuated by flowing media by a water stream
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
- A63H5/00—Musical or noise- producing devices for additional toy effects other than acoustical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/04—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
- F01D21/045—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position special arrangements in stators or in rotors dealing with breaking-off of part of rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0292—Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B4/00—Fireworks, i.e. pyrotechnic devices for amusement, display, illumination or signal purposes
- F42B4/04—Firecrackers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/40—Application in turbochargers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of exhaust gas turbochargers for supercharged internal combustion engines.
- It relates to a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger with a device for ensuring the compressor-side Berstschutzfind the exhaust gas turbocharger.
- exhaust gas turbochargers are nowadays used by default with one of the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine air for the combustion process supplying compressor and an exhaust gas turbine in the exhaust tract of the internal combustion engine. With the supercharging of the internal combustion engine, the amount of air and fuel in the cylinders is increased and from this a considerable increase in power for the internal combustion engine is obtained.
- the exhaust gas turbocharger used for this purpose is composed of a rotor consisting of a compressor wheel and a turbine wheel as well as the shaft bearing, the flow-guiding housing parts (compressor housing, turbine housing) and the bearing housing.
- the exhaust gas turbocharger of the exhaust gas turbocharger is charged accordingly with a large exhaust gas flow
- very high peripheral speeds are achieved at the blade tips of the turbine and compressor wheels.
- the maximum permissible rotor speed of a turbocharger is a function of the wheel size, the geometry and the strength values of the materials used. In general, the rotating components are subject to very high centrifugal forces and thus high material tensions. Defects in the material structure can possibly lead to bursting of the compressor or turbine wheel, with unpredictable consequences for the adjacent housing.
- the initial failure pattern of a compressor wheel can be described by a blade break or a multi-part hub burst.
- the blades When shovels burst, the blades fail in the foot area of the compressor, leaving the wheel hub intact.
- the hub area usually breaks down into two to four fragments.
- the most critical case of the compressor rupture is the 3-part hub break with three roughly equal fragments (3x120 ° sectors).
- the burst protection concept (containment concept) of an exhaust gas turbocharger is to be interpreted as meaning that all fragments, in the case of a multi-part hub burst, are retained within the outer casing casing at a predetermined bursting speed.
- WO 02/090722 is a predetermined breaking point in the flow channel over the blades of the compressor radially outwardly bounding housing insert wall provided to prevent in the case of Ver Whyrradberstens the axial thrown away housing parts or components attached to the compressor housing.
- EP 1-586-745 is prevented by means of a support flange and a sufficiently large distance of the support flange to the housing insert wall that takes place in the case of a bursting compressor impeller direct axial momentum transferring wegfrise compressor wheel on the air inlet housing, thus reducing the load on the upper connections between the housing parts and the breaking of the compound and the Leakage of the fragments prevented.
- the housing insert wall is supplemented with holding means to thereby catch the axially forwardly thrown fragments of the compressor wheel and the housing insert wall respectively to jam.
- the object of the invention is to make the housing assembly of a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger burstable in the event of a failed compressor wheel by the outer housing connections between the compressor housing and the bearing housing are protected against failure.
- a housing composite which comprises a voltage applied to an axial stop of the outer compressor housing housing insert and a bending element in the power flow between the flow channel limiting insert wall contour and the outer compressor housing.
- the bending element is made up of a, at an angle, preferably perpendicular to the axial direction oriented support member which is optionally formed as a circumferential support ring, and in the axial direction upstream and downstream webs together, the webs axially in front of the support member and the webs axially after the support element in a direction perpendicular to the axial - so in the circumferential direction and / or in the radial direction - are arranged offset to one another.
- the burst-caused axial force flow between the insert wall contour and the outer compressor housing is deflected twice, thereby achieving an axially soft bending construction.
- the axial load in the outer housing connections (screws) is significantly reduced.
- the bending element is plastically axially compressed in the area of the circumferential ring, thereby reducing kinetic rupture energy.
- the outer compressor housing via the contact surfaces of the fastening webs of the housing insert and finally into the connection to the bearing housing to be protected.
- the inventive bursting concept provides for the case of a compressor burst on the smallest possible space and with a small number of standard screws for a high axial relief of the connection between the compressor housing and the bearing housing.
- the kinetic energy released during failure is mainly absorbed by a plastic deformation of the inner housing parts.
- the outer housing casing and the housing connecting screws are largely relieved.
- Fig. 1 shows an exhaust gas turbocharger according to the prior art with a centrifugal compressor and a radial turbine.
- the turbine 9 is mounted on the shaft 8 or integral therewith.
- the turbine housing 90 encloses the turbine wheel and limits the flow channels, which lead the hot exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine via the turbine wheel to the exhaust systems.
- the compressor 1 is also mounted on the shaft 8.
- the compressor housing 10 is usually composed of a plurality of housing parts and is screwed by means of an external attachment 7 on the bearing housing. Depending on the design concept, the multipart compressor housing is assembled in a specific order. In the illustrated case, only the inner compressor housing, the housing insert 10, in the outer compressor housing, the spiral housing 20, inserted and possibly force-locking or form-fitting fastened thereto with fasteners.
- the unit of inner and outer compressor housing is pushed over the already arranged on the shaft compressor wheel 1 and connected to the bearing housing 80.
- the inner compressor housing 10 as indicated in the illustrated case, pressed when connecting to the bearing housing in the region of the diffuser downstream of the compressor outlet via diffuser blades 19 against a contact surface of the bearing housing 80 and thus clamped in operation between the outer compressor housing 20 and the bearing housing 80 ,
- Fig. 2 shows an enlarged section of a compressor housing which is constructed analogously to the preceding, but which has a has designed according to the invention housing insert 10.
- the housing insert is secured to the outer compressor housing (volute) 20 and, in the case of a bladed diffuser, is optionally clamped between the outer compressor housing 20 and the bearing housing 80 via the blade 19 of the diffuser.
- the housing insert 10 is formed in one piece, but comprises a plurality of functional subregions.
- the insert wall contour 11 delimits the flow channel 61 against the radially inner side.
- the air which is to be supplied to the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine then flows between the hub of the compressor wheel 1 and the insert wall contour 11.
- the insert wall contour 11 is aligned axially in a radial compressor in the input area and then extends in the radial direction and opens into a spiral collecting space 62 of the outer compressor housing.
- the insert wall contour can be provided with a predetermined breaking point 17 which selectively breaks the insert wall contour in the event of a burst of the compressor wheel, thereby supporting the energy reduction in the interior of the housing insert provided according to the invention.
- the housing insert For centering the housing insert 10 on the outer compressor housing 20, the housing insert comprises a centering ring 12, which rests on the outer compressor housing.
- the bearing surface can be sealed by means of a sealing element (sealing ring).
- the outer compressor housing 20 in the region of the support surface for centering a closer to the compressor inlet side (ie in the figure to the left) narrowing cross-section, which may result in bursting a jamming of the centering in the constriction of the support surface on the outer compressor housing. With such a jamming part of the rupture energy in the region of the centering ring 12 can be reduced.
- the centering ring 12 is connected via a connecting web 16 with the inner insert wall contour 11.
- the connecting web 16 can, as in the Fig. 2 is indicated, optionally double curved (S-shaped) to be executed.
- S-shaped connecting web 16 is heavily loaded on bending and thereby achieves a high axial resilience of the housing insert with a burst-related impact load on the outer housing connections
- axially directed webs 14 lead to a support ring 13 which rests on likewise axially directed fastening webs 15 on an axial stop 21 of the outer compressor housing 20.
- the fastening webs are optionally fastened by means of fastening means 18 on the outer compressor housing, for example, screws or screw pins may be arranged in openings provided for this purpose in the fastening webs.
- the support ring may optionally be divided into a plurality of ring-segment-shaped support elements, which support elements then each have at least one web on both axial end sides, wherein the webs are arranged offset to one another on the opposite end faces.
- the webs 14 between the support ring 13 and the centering ring 12 are distributed along the circumference of the support ring.
- the fastening webs 15 are also distributed along the circumference of the support ring, but are arranged offset to the webs 14.
- the fastening webs and the webs can be arranged offset from each other in addition to or instead of the offset in the circumferential direction and in the radial direction.
- the fastening webs 15, the support ring 13, the webs 14 between the support ring and the centering ring and the centering ring 12 together form a bending element 111.
- Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the removed housing insert 10 with the flexure construction.
- the webs of the bending element 111 are offset in this embodiment in each case by half a pitch in the circumferential direction. Thanks to this offset of the power flow between the centering ring 12 and the axial stop 21 on the outer compressor housing 20 via the webs 14 between the centering ring and the support ring, the peripheral support ring 13, and the fastening webs 15, twice deflected, thereby achieving an axially soft bending construction.
- the housing insert 10 When Ver Whyrbersten the housing insert 10 can be rotated by the impact of the compressor wheel fragments in the circumferential direction, which can lead to a shearing of the connection 18 between the mounting webs 15 and the outer compressor housing and thus a partial dissipation of the kinetic burst energy.
- the axial bursting forces are introduced via the housing insert 10 into the outer compressor housing 20 and finally into the outer housing connection 7.
- the housing connection 7 remains intact and the bearing housing 80 and the outer compressor housing 20 holds together.
- a large part of the energy degraded in the housing insert is thus always to ensure that the housing connection 7 remains intact and the bearing housing 80 and the outer compressor housing 20 holds together.
- the fragments thrown outwards may become wedged between the housing insert and the bearing housing in such a way that high axial forces load the outer compressor housing as well as the bearing housing in addition to the housing insert.
- the axial forces are transmitted to the centering ring 12.
- the axial forces are transmitted via the webs 14 to the support ring 13.
- the peripheral support ring 13 is plastically upset in the sequence in the region of the connection to the webs 14, as shown in the Fig. 4 is indicated by the dotted course of the support ring 13 '. Due to the plastic deformation of the support ring kinetic rupture energy is reduced.
- only a fraction of the initially existing rupture energy reaches the outer compressor housing 20 via the bearing surfaces of the fastening webs 15 and finally into the housing connection 7 to be protected in the radially outer region of the compressor housing.
- the webs and the rings of the flexure are constructively designed so that for normal turbocharger operation a sufficiently high rigidity is achieved and the insert wall is assumed to be rigid, so that the games between the compressor and the housing are not affected. Furthermore, when designing the bending element, it must be ensured that the natural frequencies of the insert wall obtained do not come within the frequency range of the motor-induced excitation spectrum.
- the housing insert may be made of a cast material (e.g., GGG-40).
- the insert wall contour 11 can optionally delimit a cavity surrounding the flow channel 61 radially against the flow channel, in which already partially compressed air from the region of the compressor wheel blades can be guided back into the suction region.
- an at least partially circumferential slot in the area of the compressor wheel blades can optionally be embedded in the insert wall contour.
- a support ring which is oriented strictly perpendicular to the axial direction, it is also possible to provide a support ring oriented at an angle, preferably at an angle in the range between 60 ° and 90 ° to the axial direction, which is also compressed according to the invention and can thus absorb rupture energy.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Abgasturbolader für aufgeladene Brennkraftmaschinen.The invention relates to the field of exhaust gas turbochargers for supercharged internal combustion engines.
Sie betrifft einen Verdichter eines Abgasturboladers mit einer Vorrichtung zur Sicherstellung der verdichterseitigen Berstschutzsicherheit des Abgasturboladers.It relates to a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger with a device for ensuring the compressor-side Berstschutzsicherheit the exhaust gas turbocharger.
Für die Leistungssteigerung einer Brennkraftmaschine (Verbrennungsmotor) werden heutzutage standardmässig Abgasturbolader mit einem der Brennkammer der Brennkraftmaschine Luft für den Verbrennungsvorgang zuführenden Verdichter und einer Abgasturbine im Abgastrakt der Brennkraftmaschine eingesetzt. Mit der Aufladung der Brennkraftmaschine wird die Luft- und Kraftstoffmenge in den Zylindern erhöht und daraus ein merklicher Leistungsanstieg für die Brennkraftmaschine gewonnen. Der dafür verwendete Abgasturbolader setzt sich standardmässig aus einem Rotor, bestehend aus einem Verdichterrad und einem Turbinenrad sowie der Wellenlagerung, den strömungsführenden Gehäuseteilen (Verdichtergehäuse, Turbinengehäuse) und dem Lagergehäuse zusammen.For the increase in performance of an internal combustion engine (internal combustion engine) exhaust gas turbochargers are nowadays used by default with one of the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine air for the combustion process supplying compressor and an exhaust gas turbine in the exhaust tract of the internal combustion engine. With the supercharging of the internal combustion engine, the amount of air and fuel in the cylinders is increased and from this a considerable increase in power for the internal combustion engine is obtained. The exhaust gas turbocharger used for this purpose is composed of a rotor consisting of a compressor wheel and a turbine wheel as well as the shaft bearing, the flow-guiding housing parts (compressor housing, turbine housing) and the bearing housing.
Wird die Brennkraftmaschine unter Volllast betrieben, und die Abgasturbine des Abgasturboladers entsprechend mit einem grossen Abgasstrom beaufschlagt, werden sehr hohe Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten an den Laufschaufelspitzen der Turbinen- sowie der Verdichterräder erreicht. Die maximale zulässige Rotordrehzahl eines Turboladers ist eine Funktion der Radgrösse, der Geometrie sowie der Festigkeitswerte der verwendeten Materialien. Generell unterliegen die rotierenden Komponenten sehr hohen Fliehkraftbelastungen und somit hohen Materialspannungen. Fehlstellen im Materialgefüge können unter Umständen zum Bersten des Verdichter- oder Turbinenrades führen, mit unvorhersehbaren Folgen für die benachbarten Gehäuse.If the internal combustion engine is operated under full load, and the exhaust gas turbocharger of the exhaust gas turbocharger is charged accordingly with a large exhaust gas flow, very high peripheral speeds are achieved at the blade tips of the turbine and compressor wheels. The maximum permissible rotor speed of a turbocharger is a function of the wheel size, the geometry and the strength values of the materials used. In general, the rotating components are subject to very high centrifugal forces and thus high material tensions. Defects in the material structure can possibly lead to bursting of the compressor or turbine wheel, with unpredictable consequences for the adjacent housing.
Das initiale Versagensbild eines Verdichterrades lässt sich durch einen Schaufelbruch respektive ein mehrteiliges Nabenbersten beschreiben. Beim Schaufelbersten versagen die Schaufeln im Fussbereich des Verdichters, wobei die Radnabe intakt bleibt. Beim mehrteiligen Nabenbersten zerfällt der Nabenbereich meist in zwei bis vier Bruchstücke. Der kritischste Fall des Verdichterberstens ist der 3-teilige Nabenbruch mit drei etwa gleich grossen Bruchstücken (3x120° Sektoren). Das Berstschutzkonzept (Containmentkonzept) eines Abgasturboladers ist dahingehend auszulegen, dass sämtliche Bruchstücke, für den Fall eines mehrteiligen Nabenberstens, bei einer vorgegebenen Berstdrehzahl innerhalb der äusseren Gehäuseummantelung zurückgehalten werden. So wird bei der Konstruktion des Abgasturboladers darauf geachtet, dass die kinetische Energie des Verdichters bereits in den inneren, rotornahen Gehäusepartien durch plastische Deformation abgebaut wird und dadurch die verbleibende kinetische Energie der radial nach Aussen geschleuderten Bruchstücke nicht ausreicht, um die äussere Gehäuseummantelung zu durchdringen oder um die äusseren Gehäuseverbindungen (z.B. Schrauben) zum Versagen zu bringen.The initial failure pattern of a compressor wheel can be described by a blade break or a multi-part hub burst. When shovels burst, the blades fail in the foot area of the compressor, leaving the wheel hub intact. In the case of multipart hub bursting, the hub area usually breaks down into two to four fragments. The most critical case of the compressor rupture is the 3-part hub break with three roughly equal fragments (3x120 ° sectors). The burst protection concept (containment concept) of an exhaust gas turbocharger is to be interpreted as meaning that all fragments, in the case of a multi-part hub burst, are retained within the outer casing casing at a predetermined bursting speed. Thus, in the construction of the exhaust gas turbocharger care is taken that the kinetic energy of the compressor is degraded in the inner, rotor close housing parts by plastic deformation and thus the remaining kinetic energy of the radially outwardly thrown fragments is not sufficient to penetrate the outer casing casing or to bring the outer housing connections (eg screws) to failure.
Verschiedene Massnahmen zur Reduktion der Belastung der Gehäuseverbindung im Falle eines berstenden Verdichterrades sind bekannt.Various measures for reducing the load on the housing connection in the event of a bursting compressor wheel are known.
Gemäss
In
In einer weiteren Variante gemäss
In der Variante nach
In
Die oben beschriebenen Varianten benötigen meist grosse Bauvolumen zur Umsetzung der darin beschriebenen Merkmale. Weiter werden in einigen Varianten sehr lange Dehnpassschrauben benötigt, was höhere Anforderungen an die Genauigkeit der Gehäusefertigung, die Fertigungskosten sowie die Baumasse des Turboladers stellt. In
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, den Gehäuseverbund eines Verdichters eines Abgasturboladers für den Fall eines versagenden Verdichterrades berstsicher zu gestalten, indem die äusseren Gehäuseverbindungen zwischen dem Verdichtergehäuse und dem Lagergehäuse vor einem Versagen geschützt werden.The object of the invention is to make the housing assembly of a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger burstable in the event of a failed compressor wheel by the outer housing connections between the compressor housing and the bearing housing are protected against failure.
Erfindungsgemäss wird dies mit einem Gehäuseverbund erreicht, welcher einen an einem Axialanschlag des äusseren Verdichtergehäuses anliegenden Gehäuseeinsatzes sowie ein Biegeelement im Kraftfluss zwischen der den Strömungskanal begrenzenden Einsatzwandkontur und dem äusseren Verdichtergehäuse umfasst. Das Biegeelement setzt sich dabei aus einem, in einem Winkel, vorzugsweise senkrecht zur axialen Richtung ausgerichteten Tragelement, welches optional als ein umlaufender Tragring ausgebildet ist, und in axialer Richtung vor- und nachgelagerten Stegen zusammen, wobei die Stege axial vor dem Tragelement und die Stege axial nach dem Tragelement in einer Richtung senkrecht zur Axialen - also in Umfangsrichtung und/ oder in radialer Richtung - versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind. Dank diesen versetzt angeordneten Stegen wird der berstbedingte axiale Kraftfluss zwischen der Einsatzwandkontur und dem äusseren Verdichtergehäuse zweifach umgelenkt und dadurch eine axial weiche Biegekonstruktion erreicht. Dabei wird die axiale Belastung in den äusseren Gehäuseverbindungen (Schrauben) signifikant reduziert.According to the invention this is achieved with a housing composite, which comprises a voltage applied to an axial stop of the outer compressor housing housing insert and a bending element in the power flow between the flow channel limiting insert wall contour and the outer compressor housing. The bending element is made up of a, at an angle, preferably perpendicular to the axial direction oriented support member which is optionally formed as a circumferential support ring, and in the axial direction upstream and downstream webs together, the webs axially in front of the support member and the webs axially after the support element in a direction perpendicular to the axial - so in the circumferential direction and / or in the radial direction - are arranged offset to one another. Thanks to these staggered webs, the burst-caused axial force flow between the insert wall contour and the outer compressor housing is deflected twice, thereby achieving an axially soft bending construction. The axial load in the outer housing connections (screws) is significantly reduced.
Beim Verdichterbersten drücken die einzelnen Bruchstücke in axialer, radialer sowie in Umfangsrichtung auf den Gehäuseeinsatz. Das Biegeelement wird erfindungsgemäss im Bereich des umlaufenden Rings plastisch axial gestaucht und dadurch kinetische Berstenergie abgebaut. So gelangt nur ein Bruchteil der ursprünglich vorhandenen Berstenergie über die Auflageflächen der Befestigungsstege des Gehäuseeinsatzes ins äussere Verdichtergehäuse und schlussendlich in die zu schützende Verbindung zum Lagergehäuse.When Verdichterbersten press the individual fragments in the axial, radial and circumferential direction of the housing insert. According to the invention, the bending element is plastically axially compressed in the area of the circumferential ring, thereby reducing kinetic rupture energy. Thus, only a fraction of the originally existing rupture energy reaches the outer compressor housing via the contact surfaces of the fastening webs of the housing insert and finally into the connection to the bearing housing to be protected.
Das erfindungsgemässe Berstkonzept sorgt für den Fall eines Verdichterbersten auf einem möglichst kleinen Bauraum und mit einer geringen Anzahl Standardschrauben für eine hohe axiale Entlastung der Verbindung zwischen dem Verdichtergehäuse und dem Lagergehäuse.The inventive bursting concept provides for the case of a compressor burst on the smallest possible space and with a small number of standard screws for a high axial relief of the connection between the compressor housing and the bearing housing.
Die beim Versagen frei werdende kinetische Energie wird hauptsächlich durch eine plastische Deformation der inneren Gehäuseteile aufgenommen. Dadurch werden die äussere Gehäuseummantelung und die Gehäuseverbindungsschrauben weitgehend entlastet.The kinetic energy released during failure is mainly absorbed by a plastic deformation of the inner housing parts. As a result, the outer housing casing and the housing connecting screws are largely relieved.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Further advantages emerge from the dependent claims.
Folgend ist anhand der Zeichnungen eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Berstkonzepts für den Verdichter eines Abgasturboladers beschrieben. Hierbei zeigt
- Fig. 1
- ein Schnittbild eines Abgasturboladers gemäss dem Stand der Technik, mit einem Radialverdichter mit einem äusseren Verdichtergehäuse (Spiralgehäuse) und einem Gehäuseeinsatz als inneres Verdichtergehäuse,
- Fig. 2
- ein Schnittbild eines Verdichtergehäuses mit dem äusseren Verdichtergehäuse und dem erfindungsgemäss ausgestalteten Gehäuseeinsatz,
- Fig.3
- eine isometrische Ansicht auf den erfindungsgemäss ausgestalteten Gehäuseeinsatz nach
Fig. 2 , und - Fig.4
- eine Seitenansicht in radialer Richtung auf den erfindungsgemäss ausgestalteten Gehäuseeinsatz nach
Fig. 2 mit angedeuteter Verbiegung im Berstfall.
- Fig. 1
- a sectional view of an exhaust gas turbocharger according to the prior art, with a centrifugal compressor with an outer compressor housing (spiral housing) and a housing insert as an inner compressor housing,
- Fig. 2
- a sectional view of a compressor housing with the outer compressor housing and the inventively designed housing insert,
- Figure 3
- an isometric view of the inventively designed housing insert according to
Fig. 2 , and - Figure 4
- a side view in the radial direction on the inventively designed housing insert after
Fig. 2 with indicated bending in case of bursting.
Alternativ gibt es Aufbaukonzepte, bei welchen das innere Verdichtergehäuse, also der Gehäuseeinsatz, nachträglich in das bereits mit dem Lagergehäuse verbunden äussere Verdichtergehäuse eingesetzt und von der Verdichterseite her mittels Schrauben am äusseren Verdichtergehäuse befestigt wird.Alternatively, there are design concepts in which the inner compressor housing, so the housing insert, subsequently inserted into the already connected to the bearing housing outer compressor housing and is fastened by the compressor side by means of screws on the outer compressor housing.
Gegen radial innen begrenzt die Einsatzwandkontur 11 den Strömungskanal 61. Zwischen der Nabe des Verdichterrades 1 und der Einsatzwandkontur 11 strömt demnach die Luft, welche den Brennkammern der Brennkraftmaschine zugeführt werden soll. Die Einsatzwandkontur 11 ist bei einem Radialverdichter im Eingangsbereich axial ausgerichtet und verläuft anschliessend in die radiale Richtung gekrümmt und mündet in einem spiralförmigen Sammelraum 62 des äusseren Verdichtergehäuses. Im Bereich des Diffusors stromab des Verdichteraustritts kann die Einsatzwandkontur mit einer Sollbruchstelle 17 versehen sein, welche im Berstfall des Verdichterrades die Einsatzwandkontur gezielt brechen lässt, und dadurch den erfindungsgemäss vorgesehenen Energieabbau im Innern des Gehäuseeinsatzes unterstützt.The
Zur Zentrierung des Gehäuseeinsatzes 10 am äusseren Verdichtergehäuse 20 umfasst der Gehäuseeinsatz einen Zentrierring 12, welcher am äusseren Verdichtergehäuse aufliegt. Optional kann die Auflagefläche mittels eines Dichtelementes (Dichtungsring) abgedichtet werden. Optional kann, wie das in der
Der Zentrierring 12 ist über einen Verbindungssteg 16 mit der inneren Einsatzwandkontur 11 verbunden. Der Verbindungssteg 16 kann, wie in der
Vom Zentrierring 12 aus führen axial gerichtete Stege 14 zu einem Tragring 13, welcher über ebenfalls axial gerichtete Befestigungsstege 15 an einem Axialanschlag 21 des äusseren Verdichtergehäuses 20 aufliegt. Die Befestigungsstege sind dabei optional mittels Befestigungsmitteln 18 am äusseren Verdichtergehäuse befestigt, beispielsweise können Schrauben oder Schraubenstifte in dafür vorgesehenen Öffnungen in den Befestigungsstegen angeordnet sein. Der Tragring kann optional in mehrere ringsegmentförmige Tragelemente aufgeteilt sein, welche Tragelemente dann auf beiden axialen Stirnseiten jeweils je mindestens einen Steg aufweist, wobei die Stege auf den gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten zueinander versetzt angeordnete sind.From the centering
Die Stege 14 zwischen dem Tragring 13 und dem Zentrierring 12 sind entlang dem Umfang des Tragrings verteilt. Die Befestigungsstege 15 sind ebenfalls entlang dem Umfang des Tragrings verteilt, sind jedoch zu den Stegen 14 versetzt angeordnet. Optional können die Befestigungsstege und die Stege zusätzlich zur oder anstelle der Versetzung in Umfangsrichtung auch in radialer Richtung zueinander versetzt angeordnet sein.The
Die Befestigungsstege 15, der Tragring 13, die Stege 14 zwischen dem Tragring und dem Zentrierring und der Zentrierring 12 bilden zusammen ein Biegeelement 111.
Beim Verdichterbersten kann der Gehäuseeinsatz 10 durch das Auftreffen der Verdichterradbruchstücke in Umfangsrichtung verdreht werden, was zu einem Abscheren der Verbindung 18 zwischen den Befestigungsstegen 15 und dem äusseren Verdichtergehäuse und somit einer teilweisen Dissipation der kinetischen Berstenergie führen kann. Die axialen Berstkräfte werden über den Gehäuseeinsatz 10 in das äussere Verdichtergehäuse 20 und abschliessend in die äussere Gehäuseverbindung 7 eingeleitet. Um ein Austreten der Bruchstücke nach Aussen zu verhindern ist somit immer sicher zu stellen, dass die Gehäuseverbindung 7 intakt bleibt und das Lagergehäuse 80 und das äussere Verdichtergehäuse 20 zusammenhält. Um dies zu erreichen, wird erfindungsgemäss ein grosser Teil der Energie in dem Gehäuseeinsatz abgebaut. Die nach Aussen geschleuderten Bruchstücke können sich zwischen dem Gehäuseeinsatz und dem Lagergehäuse derart verkeilen, dass hohe Axialkräfte neben dem Gehäuseeinsatz auch das äussere Verdichtergehäuse sowie das Lagergehäuse belasten. In erster Linie belasten die Bruchstücke des Verdichterrades jedoch die Einsatzwandkontur 11. Über den Verbindungssteg 16 werden die Axialkräfte auf den Zentrierring 12 übertragen. Vom Zentrierring 12 wiederum werden die Axialkräfte über die Stege 14 auf den Tragring 13 übertragen. Der umlaufende Tragring 13 wird in der Folge im Bereich der Verbindung zu den Stegen 14 plastisch gestaucht, wie dies in der
Die Stege und die Ringe des Biegeelementes sind konstruktiv so auszulegen, dass für den normalen Turboladerbetrieb eine ausreichend hohe Steifigkeit erreicht wird und die Einsatzwand als starr anzunehmen ist, womit die Spiele zwischen dem Verdichterrad und dem Gehäuse nicht beeinträchtigt werden. Weiter ist bei der Auslegung des Biegeelementes darauf zu achten, dass die erzielten Eigenfrequenzen der Einsatzwand nicht in den Frequenzbereich des motorinduzierten Anregungsspektrums zu liegen kommen. Der Gehäuseeinsatz kann aus einem Gusswerkstoff (z.B. GGG-40) bestehen.The webs and the rings of the flexure are constructively designed so that for normal turbocharger operation a sufficiently high rigidity is achieved and the insert wall is assumed to be rigid, so that the games between the compressor and the housing are not affected. Furthermore, when designing the bending element, it must be ensured that the natural frequencies of the insert wall obtained do not come within the frequency range of the motor-induced excitation spectrum. The housing insert may be made of a cast material (e.g., GGG-40).
Die Einsatzwandkontur 11 kann optional einen den Strömungskanal 61 radial umgebenden Hohlraum gegen den Strömungskanal abgrenzen, in dem bereits teilweise verdichtete Luft aus dem Bereich der Verdichterradschaufeln zurück in den Ansaugbereich geführt werden kann. Hierzu kann optional in die Einsatzwandkontur ein zumindest teilweise umlaufender Schlitz im Bereich der Verdichterradschaufeln eingelassen sein.The
Anstelle des streng senkrecht zur axialen Richtung ausgerichteten Tragrings kann auch ein in einem Winkel, vorzugsweise in einem Winkel im Bereich zwischen 60° und 90° zur axialen Richtung ausgerichteter Tragring vorgesehen sein, welcher ebenfalls erfindungsgemäss gestaucht werden und dadurch Berstenergie aufnehmen kann.Instead of the support ring which is oriented strictly perpendicular to the axial direction, it is also possible to provide a support ring oriented at an angle, preferably at an angle in the range between 60 ° and 90 ° to the axial direction, which is also compressed according to the invention and can thus absorb rupture energy.
- 11
- Verdichterradcompressor
- 77
- Befestigung des Verdichtergehäuses am LagergehäuseFixing the compressor housing to the bearing housing
- 88th
- Wellewave
- 99
- Turbinenradturbine
- 1010
- Gehäuseeinsatz (inneres Verdichtergehäuse)Housing insert (inner compressor housing)
- 1111
- EinsatzwandkonturInsert wall contour
- 1212
- Zentrierringcentering
- 1313
- Tragelement, TragringSupporting element, support ring
- 1414
- Stegweb
- 1515
- Befestigungs-StegFastening web
- 1616
- Verbindungs-StegConnecting rib
- 1717
- SollbruchstelleBreaking point
- 1818
- Befestigungsmittel (Bohrung/ Schraube)Fastener (bore / screw)
- 1919
- Diffusorschaufeldiffuser vane
- 2020
- Spiralgehäuse (äusseres Verdichtergehäuse)Spiral housing (outer compressor housing)
- 2121
- Axialanschlagaxial stop
- 6161
- Strömungskanalflow channel
- 6262
- Sammelraum im SpiralgehäuseCollecting space in the spiral housing
- 8080
- Lagergehäusebearing housing
- 9090
- Turbinengehäuseturbine housing
- 111111
- Biegeelementflexure
Claims (11)
- Compressor of an exhaust-gas turbocharger, comprising a compressor wheel (1) which is rotatable about an axis, comprising an outer compressor housing (20) and comprising a housing insert (10) arranged radially outside the compressor wheel (1), wherein the housing insert comprises an insert wall contour (11) which, together with a hub of the compressor wheel (1), delimits a flow duct (61),
characterized in that
the housing insert (10) bears against an axial stop (21), which is directed towards the compressor wheel, of the outer compressor housing (20), wherein a flexural element (111) is provided to transmit axial forces from the insert wall contour (11) to the outer compressor housing (20), wherein the flexural element (111) comprises at least two axially oriented webs (14, 15) arranged offset relative to one another and comprises a support element (13) which connects the webs (14, 15) to one another, wherein the support element (13) is oriented at an angle with respect to the axial direction and is arranged between the webs (14, 15) as viewed in the axial direction. - Compressor according to Claim 1, wherein the flexural element (111) comprises an ring-segment-shaped support element (13), wherein the support element (13) is oriented in the circumferential direction of the compressor wheel, and wherein the support element (13) has a plurality of axially oriented webs (14) on one axial side, and has at least one axially oriented web (15) on the other axial side.
- Compressor according to Claim 1, the flexural element (111) comprising a ring-shaped support element (13), wherein the support element (13) is arranged in the circumferential direction of the compressor wheel, and wherein the support element (13) has a plurality of axially oriented webs (14, 15) on both axial sides.
- Compressor according to Claim 1, wherein the support element (13) is oriented perpendicular to the axial direction and is arranged between the webs (14, 15) as viewed in the axial direction.
- Compressor according to Claim 4, wherein the flexural element (111) comprises a ring-segment-shaped support element (13), wherein the support element (13) is oriented in the circumferential direction of the compressor wheel, and wherein the support element (13) has a plurality of axially oriented webs (14) on one axial side, and has at least one axially oriented web (15) on the other axial side.
- Compressor according to Claim 4, the flexural element (111) comprising a ring-shaped support element (13), wherein the support element (13) is arranged in the circumferential direction of the compressor wheel, and wherein the support element (13) has a plurality of axially oriented webs (14, 15) on both axial sides.
- Compressor according to one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein to transmit axial forces from the insert wall contour (11) to the axial stop (21) of the outer compressor housing (20), the flexural element (111) is arranged in the force flow between the insert wall contour (11) and the axial stop (21).
- Compressor according to one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein the flexural element (111) is part of the outer compressor housing (20), and, to transmit axial forces from the insert wall contour (11) to the outer compressor housing (20), the axial stop (21) is arranged in the force flow between the insert wall contour (11) and the flexural element (111).
- Compressor according to one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein to transmit axial forces from the insert wall contour (11) to the flexural element (111), the flexural element (111) comprises an encircling centring ring (12) which is connected via a connecting web (16) to the insert wall contour (11).
- Compressor according to Claim 9, wherein the connecting web (16) between the insert wall contour (11) and the flexural element (111) is of doubly curved form, that is to say S-shaped in axial profile.
- Exhaust-gas turbocharger comprising a compressor according to one of Claims 1 to 6.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10150616A EP2216517B1 (en) | 2009-02-04 | 2010-01-13 | Burst protection device for radial compressor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09152067A EP2216516A1 (en) | 2009-02-04 | 2009-02-04 | Burst protection device for radial compressor |
EP10150616A EP2216517B1 (en) | 2009-02-04 | 2010-01-13 | Burst protection device for radial compressor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2216517A1 EP2216517A1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
EP2216517B1 true EP2216517B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
Family
ID=40469896
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09152067A Withdrawn EP2216516A1 (en) | 2009-02-04 | 2009-02-04 | Burst protection device for radial compressor |
EP10150616A Active EP2216517B1 (en) | 2009-02-04 | 2010-01-13 | Burst protection device for radial compressor |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09152067A Withdrawn EP2216516A1 (en) | 2009-02-04 | 2009-02-04 | Burst protection device for radial compressor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8393851B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2216516A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5074541B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101157440B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101793266B (en) |
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DE102009049841B4 (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2015-01-15 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Gas turbine engine and internal combustion engine |
DE102010064025A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Abb Turbo Systems Ag | Burst protection |
DE102010064047A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Fluid flow machine has housing with fluid guiding housing and bearing housing that is connected with fluid guiding housing, where impeller is mounted in fluid guiding housing over central impeller shaft in rotating manner |
GB2499627A (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2013-08-28 | Napier Turbochargers Ltd | Turbocharger casing |
DE102013209063A1 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-03-27 | Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Radial compressor for use with supercharger for internal combustion engine mounted in motor car, has fastening element that is provided to fasten adapter element releasably on outside of compressor housing |
US9371835B2 (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2016-06-21 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Coupling for directly driven compressor |
FR2997444B1 (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2018-07-13 | Snecma | HUB FOR A TURBOMACHINE |
DE102014204768A1 (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-11-20 | Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Radial compressor for an exhaust gas turbocharger |
DE102013107134A1 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-08 | Abb Turbo Systems Ag | Air inlet of a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger |
WO2015098826A1 (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-07-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Compressor and supercharger |
CN103925017B (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-06-17 | 大同北方天力增压技术有限公司 | Anti-bursting device for worm gear box of turbosupercharger |
GB201404050D0 (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-04-23 | Cummins Ltd | A turbine |
JP6139463B2 (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2017-05-31 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Internal combustion engine |
JP6404082B2 (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2018-10-10 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Centrifugal compressor and supercharger provided with the same |
US9995179B2 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2018-06-12 | Progress Rail Locomotive Inc. | Compressor assembly for turbocharger burst containment |
JP6001707B2 (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2016-10-05 | 株式会社オティックス | Compressor housing for turbocharger |
DE102015003296A1 (en) | 2015-03-14 | 2015-12-03 | Daimler Ag | Exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine and method for operating such an exhaust gas turbocharger |
DE102015014550A1 (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-05-11 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Intake system for an exhaust gas turbocharger and turbocharger |
DE102016111081A1 (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2017-12-21 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | flow machine |
DE102016125143A1 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-21 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Centrifugal compressor and turbocharger |
DE102017207173B4 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2022-12-22 | Vitesco Technologies GmbH | Turbocharger with predetermined breaking point for an internal combustion engine |
DE102018102704A1 (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-08-08 | Man Energy Solutions Se | centrifugal compressors |
JP2021105385A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-26 | 三菱重工エンジン&ターボチャージャ株式会社 | Compressor cover and centrifugal compressor including compressor cover |
WO2021245860A1 (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-12-09 | 三菱重工マリンマシナリ株式会社 | Turbine housing and supercharger |
US11519423B1 (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-12-06 | Progress Rail Locomotive Inc. | Compressor joint |
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DE2607776C2 (en) * | 1976-02-26 | 1982-05-27 | MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München | Cover disk split in the meridian plane for radial impellers of turbo machines, in particular gas turbine engines |
DE3823978A1 (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1990-01-18 | Skf Linearsysteme Gmbh | LINEAR GUIDE FOR PRECISION MACHINES |
JPH066240Y2 (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1994-02-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Centrifugal compressor |
GB9027168D0 (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1991-02-06 | Rolls Royce Business Ventures | Turbine scroll |
DE10050931C5 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2007-03-29 | Man Diesel Se | Turbomachine with radial impeller |
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EP1586745B1 (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2015-07-29 | ABB Turbo Systems AG | Compressor casing |
DE102004027594B4 (en) | 2004-06-05 | 2006-06-29 | Man B & W Diesel Ag | Turbomachine with radially flowing compressor wheel |
DE102004028133C5 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2017-10-26 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Turbomachine, in particular exhaust gas turbocharger |
EP1719879B1 (en) * | 2005-05-03 | 2008-01-30 | ABB Turbo Systems AG | Burst protection device for radial compressors |
DE102005039820B4 (en) | 2005-08-22 | 2007-06-28 | Man Diesel Se | Containment safety device for turbomachinery with radial flow compressor wheel |
US7871243B2 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2011-01-18 | Honeywell International Inc. | Augmented vaneless diffuser containment |
-
2009
- 2009-02-04 EP EP09152067A patent/EP2216516A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-01-13 EP EP10150616A patent/EP2216517B1/en active Active
- 2010-02-02 KR KR1020100009538A patent/KR101157440B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-02-03 US US12/699,453 patent/US8393851B2/en active Active
- 2010-02-04 JP JP2010022968A patent/JP5074541B2/en active Active
- 2010-02-04 CN CN2010101187676A patent/CN101793266B/en active Active
Also Published As
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CN101793266A (en) | 2010-08-04 |
US8393851B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 |
JP5074541B2 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
KR101157440B1 (en) | 2012-06-22 |
EP2216516A1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
EP2216517A1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
US20100192570A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
JP2010180882A (en) | 2010-08-19 |
KR20100089776A (en) | 2010-08-12 |
CN101793266B (en) | 2012-07-18 |
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