EP2210044A1 - Method for regulating a solid fuel firing unit - Google Patents

Method for regulating a solid fuel firing unit

Info

Publication number
EP2210044A1
EP2210044A1 EP08852332A EP08852332A EP2210044A1 EP 2210044 A1 EP2210044 A1 EP 2210044A1 EP 08852332 A EP08852332 A EP 08852332A EP 08852332 A EP08852332 A EP 08852332A EP 2210044 A1 EP2210044 A1 EP 2210044A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flue gas
primary
air
water content
amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08852332A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2210044B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Madlsperger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Christof International Management GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens AG Oesterreich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG Oesterreich filed Critical Siemens AG Oesterreich
Priority to PL08852332T priority Critical patent/PL2210044T3/en
Publication of EP2210044A1 publication Critical patent/EP2210044A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2210044B1 publication Critical patent/EP2210044B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/28—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using ridge-type grate, e.g. for combustion of peat, sawdust, or pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F23B40/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed by scattering over the fuel-supporting surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
    • F23B7/007—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with fluegas recirculation to combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/12—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F23G2209/261—Woodwaste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/00001—Exhaust gas recirculation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55003—Sensing for exhaust gas properties, e.g. O2 content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a solid fuel firing device, which has at least a primary air supply and a primary flue gas recirculation, as well as a corresponding firing device.
  • these various solid fuels may have a very high and, in addition, a widely varying water content.
  • these various solid fuels can be used simultaneously, which of course also their
  • Previous methods consisted of adjusting the air conditions manually or manually operating a support burner. This leads due to the long reaction times to unstable combustion conditions and therefore poor combustion quality, which are characterized by slag formation, insufficient burnout or fluctuating temperatures in the combustion chamber.
  • An object of the invention is, even with changing fuel composition, a continuously and automatically working
  • the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, according to which the setpoint values for the amount of primary air and of air from the primary
  • Flue gas recirculation depending on the water content of the flue gas be set. This can be deduced by an automatic measurement of the water content of the flue gas on the conditions in the combustion chamber and these are adjusted by adjusting the amount of primary air and air from the flue gas recirculation accordingly. No manual intervention is necessary, not even the measurement of the water content of the fuel.
  • a support burner can be switched on.
  • a possible rule criterion is that with increasing water content of the flue gas, the amount of primary air increased and the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation is reduced. Since the primary air in this case will generally be drier than that from the Phmär flue gas recirculation, this should reduce the water content in the flue gas and thus also in the combustion chamber.
  • the amount of primary air is reduced and the amount of air from the Phmär- flue gas recirculation is increased.
  • a possible embodiment of this is that depending on the water content of the flue gas, a correction factor is set, wherein the determined based on the amount of fuel setpoint for the primary air quantity multiplied by this correction factor and divided by the fuel quantity, the setpoint for the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation by the same correction factor.
  • the determined based on the amount of fuel setpoint for the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation is multiplied by a further, dependent on the water content of the flue gas correction factor.
  • the support burner is switched off. It is advantageous if the firing device has a grate with litter feed, since these can react fastest to changes in the measured water content of the flue gas.
  • the solid fuel firing device has a measuring device for measuring the water content of the flue gas, which is connected via a control device with a primary air blower and with a blower for primary flue gas recirculation such that the setpoints for the amount of primary air and air from the primary flue gas recirculation in Depending on the water content of the flue gas can be adjusted.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a system according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a correction factor for the supply of primary air and air from the primary flue gas recirculation
  • Fig. 3 shows a correction factor for the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation.
  • Fig. 1 the solid-firing device is shown schematically.
  • the fuel 9 is conveyed via a throw feeder 4 in the furnace, where it impinges on a grate 8 and is promoted on this through the furnace.
  • the grate 8 moves in the direction of the litter feeder, that is, in Fig. 1 from left to right.
  • the fuel 9 is evenly distributed over the grate 8, so it always falls into an already burning environment.
  • the heat of combustion of the already burning fuel is used.
  • the litter feeding there is - in contrast to other grate firing - no drying zone without combustion. For this reason, the temperatures at the grate 8 in the litter feed are lower and problems such as slag formation and rust overheating can be prevented.
  • Below the grate 8 opens both the supply of primary air, which is introduced by the primary air blower 5 in the furnace.
  • the supply for primary flue gas recirculation air opens under the grate 8, which is also promoted by a fan 6 in the furnace.
  • Primary air is ambient air that is supplied to the combustion chamber. It has an oxygen content of about 21%.
  • Flue gas recirculation air is flue gas, which is usually taken after the last heat exchanger, the so-called economizer. When this flue gas recirculation air is introduced below the grate 8, it is called primary flue gas recirculation.
  • the recirculated flue gas or the oxygen still contained therein is used for the combustion, the combustion process itself can be influenced.
  • the flue gas recirculation air When the flue gas recirculation air is introduced above the grate 8, it is called secondary flue gas recirculation.
  • the recirculated flue gas is merely used to limit the temperature of the flue gas produced during combustion. In order to make sure that the temperatures at the
  • Rust 8 does not become too low, and therefore the combustion ceases or is incomplete, it is necessary to vary the oxygen supply for combustion. This is done by mixing the primary air (21% oxygen content) with recirculation air (about 5% to 10% oxygen content). The mixture of the two air fractions already takes place before entering the ember bed. A higher recirculation air fraction causes due to the increased amount of inert gas, a reduction in the combustion temperature and in addition a reduction in the drying rate of the (freshly distributed) fuel, a smaller recirculation air content causes the opposite. At high water content in the fuel, therefore, the Rezirkulations Kunststoffanteil must be reduced, at the same time the amount of fresh air is increased.
  • the proportion of oxygen in the combustion air increases at a lower inert gas content. If the water content in the fuel is so high that stable combustion is not possible (because so much heat is needed for drying), the support burner 4 is switched to support it. The flame radiation of the support burner 4 causes an additional drying of the fuel, as well as the increased burner temperatures in the gas above the ember bed.
  • the flue gas 10 produced during combustion rises in the firing device and is fed to a heat recovery device.
  • the measuring device 1 for the water content of the flue gas and the lambda probe 2 is arranged in the area of this heat recovery device.
  • the measured values of these two devices are supplied to the regulating device 7, which regulates both the supply of primary air, ie the primary air blower 5, and the supply of primary flue gas recirculation air, ie the corresponding blower 6, as well as the support burner 4 and the throw feeder 3.
  • the support burner 4 is arranged in the combustion chamber and is then switched on when the water content of the flue gas exceeds a threshold which can not be controlled back sufficiently with the air control alone or not sufficiently fast. The larger the threshold is exceeded, the higher the output of the support burner is set. If the
  • Water content of the flue gas drops below the threshold again, then the support burner is switched off again.
  • the power of the furnace is controlled by changing the amount of fuel supplied, so for example by changing the speed of the metering screws, depending on the required heat output.
  • the setpoint values for the amount of primary air and of air from the primary flue gas recirculation are initially determined as a function of the fuel quantity, that is, for example, on the speed of the metering screws.
  • the horizontal axis (x-axis), the water content of the flue gas (H 2 O) are plotted on the vertical axis (y-axis), the correction factors for the setpoint values for the amount of primary air and in air from the primary flue gas recirculation (FIG. 2) or only for the desired value of the amount of primary flue gas recirculation air (FIG. 3).
  • the set value for the air supply determined in advance on the basis of the fuel quantity corresponds to the value 1 on the vertical axis.
  • the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation is divided by the correction factor from FIG. 2 and multiplied by the correction factor from FIG. 3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for regulating a solid fuel firing unit, at least comprising a primary air supply (5) and a primary flue gas recirculation device (6). The invention is characterised in that the nominal values for the quantity of primary air and air from the primary flue gas recirculation device is adjusted depending on the water content of the flue gas. This guarantees the availability of a continuous, automatic regulation of a solid fuel firing unit that permits the most uniform combustion quality possible over a long period of time.

Description

Verfahren zur Regelung einer Festbrennstoff-Befeuerungseinrichtung Method for controlling a solid fuel firing device
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Regelung einer Festbrennstoff- Befeuerungseinrichtung, welche zumindest über eine Primärluftzufuhr und eine Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation verfügt, sowie eine entsprechende Befeuerungseinrichtung.The invention relates to a method for controlling a solid fuel firing device, which has at least a primary air supply and a primary flue gas recirculation, as well as a corresponding firing device.
Wenn Befeuerungseinrichtungen mit verschiedenen Festbrennstoffen (z.B. Holz, Rejekt, Klärschlamm, ...) beheizt werden, können diese verschiedenen Festbrennstoffe einen sehr hohen und zusätzlich auch einen stark schwankenden Wassergehalt aufweisen. Zudem können mehrere verschiedene Festbrennstoffe gleichzeitig zum Einsatz kommen, wobei sich natürlich auch derenWhen firing furnaces with different solid fuels (e.g., wood, rejects, sewage sludge, etc.), these various solid fuels may have a very high and, in addition, a widely varying water content. In addition, several different solid fuels can be used simultaneously, which of course also their
Mischungsverhältnis ändern kann. Trotzdem soll aber immer eine optimale Verbrennungsqualität erzielt werden.Can change the mixing ratio. Nevertheless, however, an optimal combustion quality should always be achieved.
Bisherige Verfahren bestanden etwa darin, die Luftverhältnisse manuell einzustellen oder einen Stützbrenner manuell zu betreiben. Dies führt wegen der langen Reaktionszeiten zu instabilen Verbrennungsverhältnissen und daher zu schlechter Verbrennungsqualität, die durch Schlackebildung, ungenügenden Ausbrand oder schwankende Temperaturen im Verbrennungsraum gekennzeichnet sind.Previous methods consisted of adjusting the air conditions manually or manually operating a support burner. This leads due to the long reaction times to unstable combustion conditions and therefore poor combustion quality, which are characterized by slag formation, insufficient burnout or fluctuating temperatures in the combustion chamber.
Aus bisherigen Veröffentlichungen ist bekannt, eine Regelung der Luftzufuhr unter anderem vom Wassergehalt des Brennstoffes abhängig zu machen, siehe etwa DE 100 12 895 A1. Allerdings setzt dies eine genaue Kenntnis des Wassergehalts des Brennstoffes voraus, was bei wechselnder Brennstoffzusammensetzung einen unzumutbaren Aufwand bedeutet.From previous publications it is known to make a regulation of the air supply inter alia dependent on the water content of the fuel, see for example DE 100 12 895 A1. However, this requires an accurate knowledge of the water content of the fuel, which means an unreasonable effort with changing fuel composition.
Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, auch bei wechselnder Brennstoffzusammensetzung eine kontinuierlich und automatisch arbeitendeAn object of the invention is, even with changing fuel composition, a continuously and automatically working
Regelung für eine Festbrennstoffbefeuerungseinrichtung zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche über eine längere Zeit eine möglichst gleichbleibende Verbrennungsqualität ermöglicht.To provide control for a solid fuel firing device, which allows a constant combustion quality as possible over a longer time.
Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 gelöst, gemäß welchem die Sollwerte für die Menge an Primärluft und an Luft aus der Primär-The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, according to which the setpoint values for the amount of primary air and of air from the primary
Rauchgasrezirkulation in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Rauchgases eingestellt werden. Dadurch kann durch eine automatische Messung des Wassergehalts des Rauchgases auf die Verhältnisse im Verbrennungsraum rückgeschlossen werden und diese durch Einstellung der Menge an Primärluft und Luft aus der Rauchgasrezirkulation entsprechend eingestellt werden. Manueller Eingriff ist keiner notwendig, auch nicht die Messung des Wassergehalts des Brennstoffs.Flue gas recirculation depending on the water content of the flue gas be set. This can be deduced by an automatic measurement of the water content of the flue gas on the conditions in the combustion chamber and these are adjusted by adjusting the amount of primary air and air from the flue gas recirculation accordingly. No manual intervention is necessary, not even the measurement of the water content of the fuel.
Es kann jedoch aufgrund des Wassergehaltes des Rauchgases auf den Wassergehalt des Brennstoffes rückgeschlossen werden, denn die im Brennstoff enthaltene Feuchtigkeit wird zwangsläufig den Wassergehalt im Rauchgas bestimmen bzw. ein höherer Wassergehalt des Brennstoffes einen höheren Wassergehalt des Rauchgases bedingen.However, it can be deduced due to the water content of the flue gas on the water content of the fuel, because the moisture contained in the fuel will inevitably determine the water content in the flue gas or a higher water content of the fuel cause a higher water content of the flue gas.
Die Verbrennung von völlig trockenem Holz würde etwa zu einem Wassergehalt des Rauchgases von 5,3% führen. Hat das Holz jedoch einen Wassergehalt von 50%, so steigt der Wassergehalt des Rauchgases auf 14,6%, wobei diese Werte auf einen Sauerstoffgehalt von 11 % trocken bezogen sind.The combustion of completely dry wood would lead to a water content of the flue gas of 5.3%. However, if the wood has a water content of 50%, the water content of the flue gas rises to 14.6%, these values being based on an oxygen content of 11% dry.
Um sicherzustellen, dass auch bei sehr hohem Wassergehalt des Brennstoffes eine zufriedenstellende Verbrennungsqualität gegeben ist, kann vorgesehen werden, dass zusätzlich in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Rauchgases ein Stützbrenner zugeschaltet werden kann. Ein mögliches Regelkriterium besteht darin, dass bei steigendem Wassergehalt des Rauchgases die Primärluftmenge erhöht und die Luftmenge aus der Primär- Rauchgasrezirkulation verringert wird. Da die Primärluft in diesem Fall in der Regel trockener sein wird als die aus der Phmär-Rauchgasrezirkulation, sollte sich dadurch der Wassergehalt im Rauchgas und damit auch im Verbrennungsraum reduzieren.To ensure that a satisfactory combustion quality is given even with very high water content of the fuel, it can be provided that in addition depending on the water content of the flue gas, a support burner can be switched on. A possible rule criterion is that with increasing water content of the flue gas, the amount of primary air increased and the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation is reduced. Since the primary air in this case will generally be drier than that from the Phmär flue gas recirculation, this should reduce the water content in the flue gas and thus also in the combustion chamber.
Entsprechend kann vorgesehen werden, dass bei fallendem Wassergehalt des Rauchgases die Primärluftmenge verringert und die Luftmenge aus der Phmär- Rauchgasrezirkulation erhöht wird.Accordingly, it can be provided that with decreasing water content of the flue gas, the amount of primary air is reduced and the amount of air from the Phmär- flue gas recirculation is increased.
Eine mögliche Ausführungsform hierfür besteht darin, dass in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Rauchgases ein Korrekturfaktor festgelegt wird, wobei der aufgrund der Brennstoffmenge ermittelte Sollwert für die Primärluftmenge mit diesem Korrekturfaktor multipliziert und der aufgrund der Brennstoffmenge ermittelte Sollwert für die Luftmenge aus der Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation durch den gleichen Korrekturfaktor dividiert wird. Hier kann dann weiters vorgesehen werden, dass der aufgrund der Brennstoffmenge ermittelte Sollwert für die Luftmenge aus der Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation mit einem weiteren, vom Wassergehalt des Rauchgases abhängigen Korrekturfaktor multipliziert wird.A possible embodiment of this is that depending on the water content of the flue gas, a correction factor is set, wherein the determined based on the amount of fuel setpoint for the primary air quantity multiplied by this correction factor and divided by the fuel quantity, the setpoint for the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation by the same correction factor. Here it can then be further provided that the determined based on the amount of fuel setpoint for the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation is multiplied by a further, dependent on the water content of the flue gas correction factor.
Um auch bei starkem Anstieg des Wassergehalts des Rauchgases ein rasches Ergebnis zu erzielen, kann vorgesehen werden, dass bei Überschreitung eines Schwellwertes des Wassergehalts des Rauchgases der Stützbrenner zugeschaltet wird, wobei dessen Leistung in Abhängigkeit von der Höhe der Überschreitung des Schwellwertes eingestellt wird.In order to achieve a rapid result even with a sharp increase in the water content of the flue gas, it can be provided that when exceeding a threshold value of the water content of the flue gas of the support burner is switched on, the power is adjusted depending on the amount of exceeding the threshold value.
Entsprechend kann vorgesehen sein, dass bei Unterschreitung eines Schwellwertes des Wassergehalts des Rauchgases der Stützbrenner abgeschaltet wird. Von Vorteil ist, wenn die Befeuerungseinrichtung einen Rost mit Wurfbeschickung aufweist, da diese am schnellsten auf Änderungen des gemessenen Wassergehaltes des Rauchgases reagieren können.Accordingly, it can be provided that, when the threshold value of the water content of the flue gas falls below a value, the support burner is switched off. It is advantageous if the firing device has a grate with litter feed, since these can react fastest to changes in the measured water content of the flue gas.
Die erfindungsgemäße Festbrennstoffbefeuerungseinrichtung verfügt über ein Messgerät zur Messung des Wassergehalts des Rauchgases, welches über eine Regelungseinrichtung mit einem Primärluftgebläse sowie mit einem Gebläse zur Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation derart verbunden ist, dass die Sollwerte für die Menge an Primärluft und an Luft aus der Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Rauchgases eingestellt werden können.The solid fuel firing device according to the invention has a measuring device for measuring the water content of the flue gas, which is connected via a control device with a primary air blower and with a blower for primary flue gas recirculation such that the setpoints for the amount of primary air and air from the primary flue gas recirculation in Depending on the water content of the flue gas can be adjusted.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Figuren dargestellt und wird im Folgenden erläutert.An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the figures and will be explained below.
Dabei zeigen:Showing:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage, Fig. 2 einen Korrekturfaktor für die Zufuhr von Primärluft und Luft aus der Primär- Rauchgasrezirkulation Fig. 3 einen Korrekturfaktor für die Menge an Luft aus der Primär- Rauchgasrezirkulation.Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a system according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows a correction factor for the supply of primary air and air from the primary flue gas recirculation Fig. 3 shows a correction factor for the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation.
In Fig. 1 ist schematisch die Feststoff-Befeuerungseinrichtung dargestellt. Der Brennstoff 9 wird über einen Wurfbeschicker 4 in den Feuerraum gefördert, wo er auf einem Rost 8 auftrifft und auf diesem durch den Feuerraum gefördert wird. Der Rost 8 bewegt sich dabei in Richtung des Wurfbeschickers, also in der Fig. 1 von links nach rechts. Der Brennstoff 9 wird gleichmäßig über den Rost 8 verteilt, er fällt also immer in eine bereits brennende Umgebung. Zur Trocknung des Brennstoffes 9 vor dem Zünden wird die Verbrennungswärme des bereits brennenden Brennstoffes benützt. Bei der Wurfbeschickung gibt es - im Unterschied zu anderen Rostfeuerungen - keine Trocknungszone ohne Verbrennung. Aus diesem Grund sind die Temperaturen am Rost 8 bei der Wurfbeschickung geringer und Probleme wie Schlackebildung und Rostüberhitzung können verhindert werden. Unterhalb des Rosts 8 mündet sowohl die Zufuhr für Primärluft, die durch das Primärluftgebläse 5 in den Feuerraum eingebracht wird. Ebenso mündet die Zufuhr für Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulationsluft unter dem Rost 8, welche ebenfalls durch ein Gebläse 6 in den Feuerraum gefördert wird.In Fig. 1, the solid-firing device is shown schematically. The fuel 9 is conveyed via a throw feeder 4 in the furnace, where it impinges on a grate 8 and is promoted on this through the furnace. The grate 8 moves in the direction of the litter feeder, that is, in Fig. 1 from left to right. The fuel 9 is evenly distributed over the grate 8, so it always falls into an already burning environment. For drying the fuel 9 before ignition, the heat of combustion of the already burning fuel is used. In the litter feeding there is - in contrast to other grate firing - no drying zone without combustion. For this reason, the temperatures at the grate 8 in the litter feed are lower and problems such as slag formation and rust overheating can be prevented. Below the grate 8 opens both the supply of primary air, which is introduced by the primary air blower 5 in the furnace. Likewise, the supply for primary flue gas recirculation air opens under the grate 8, which is also promoted by a fan 6 in the furnace.
Primärluft ist Umgebungsluft, die dem Feuerraum zugeführt wird. Sie hat einen Sauerstoffanteil von etwa 21 %. Rauchgasrezirkulationsluft ist Rauchgas, das in der Regel nach dem letzten Wärmetauscher, dem sogenannten Economiser, entnommen wird. Wenn diese Rauchgasrezirkulationsluft unterhalb des Rostes 8 eingebracht wird, spricht man von Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation. Das rezirkulierte Rauchgas bzw. der darin noch enthaltene Sauerstoff wird für die Verbrennung verwendet, der Verbrennungsvorgang selbst kann damit beeinflusst werden.Primary air is ambient air that is supplied to the combustion chamber. It has an oxygen content of about 21%. Flue gas recirculation air is flue gas, which is usually taken after the last heat exchanger, the so-called economizer. When this flue gas recirculation air is introduced below the grate 8, it is called primary flue gas recirculation. The recirculated flue gas or the oxygen still contained therein is used for the combustion, the combustion process itself can be influenced.
Wenn die Rauchgasrezirulationsluft oberhalb des Rostes 8 eingebracht wird, spricht man von Sekundär-Rauchgasrezirkulation. Das rezirkulierte Rauchgas wird lediglich zur Temperaturbegrenzung des bei der Verbrennung entstehenden Rauchgases herangezogen. Um nun bei der Wurfbeschickung sicher zu stellen, dass die Temperaturen amWhen the flue gas recirculation air is introduced above the grate 8, it is called secondary flue gas recirculation. The recirculated flue gas is merely used to limit the temperature of the flue gas produced during combustion. In order to make sure that the temperatures at the
Rost 8 nicht zu niedrig werden, und die Verbrennung daher aufhört oder unvollständig verläuft, ist es erforderlich, das Sauerstoffangebot zur Verbrennung zu variieren. Dies geschieht durch die Mischung der Primärluft (21 % Sauerstoffgehalt) mit Rezirkulationsluft (ca. 5% bis 10% Sauerstoffgehalt). Die Mischung der beiden Luftanteile erfolgt bereits vor dem Eintritt in das Glutbett. Ein höherer Rezirkulationsluftanteil bewirkt wegen der erhöhten Menge an Inertgas eine Reduktion der Verbrennungstemperatur und zusätzlich eine Reduktion der Trocknungsgeschwindigkeit des (frisch verteilten) Brennstoffes, ein kleinerer Rezirkulationsluftanteil bewirkt das Gegenteil. Bei hohem Wassergehalt im Brennstoff muss daher der Rezirkulationsluftanteil reduziert werden, gleichzeitig wird die Frischluftmenge erhöht. In Summe erhöht sich also der Sauerstoffanteil in der Verbrennungsluft bei niedrigerem Inertgasanteil. Sollte der Wassergehalt im Brennstoff so hoch sein, dass eine stabile Verbrennung nicht möglich ist (weil soviel Wärme für die Trocknung benötigt wird), wird der Stützbrenner 4 zur Unterstützung dazu geschaltet. Die Flammenstrahlung des Stützbrenners 4 bewirkt eine zusätzliche Trocknung des Brennstoffes, ebenso die bei Brennerbetrieb erhöhten Temperaturen des Gases über dem Glutbett.Rust 8 does not become too low, and therefore the combustion ceases or is incomplete, it is necessary to vary the oxygen supply for combustion. This is done by mixing the primary air (21% oxygen content) with recirculation air (about 5% to 10% oxygen content). The mixture of the two air fractions already takes place before entering the ember bed. A higher recirculation air fraction causes due to the increased amount of inert gas, a reduction in the combustion temperature and in addition a reduction in the drying rate of the (freshly distributed) fuel, a smaller recirculation air content causes the opposite. At high water content in the fuel, therefore, the Rezirkulationsluftanteil must be reduced, at the same time the amount of fresh air is increased. In sum, therefore, the proportion of oxygen in the combustion air increases at a lower inert gas content. If the water content in the fuel is so high that stable combustion is not possible (because so much heat is needed for drying), the support burner 4 is switched to support it. The flame radiation of the support burner 4 causes an additional drying of the fuel, as well as the increased burner temperatures in the gas above the ember bed.
Das bei der Verbrennung entstehende Rauchgas 10 steigt in der Befeuerungseinrichtung nach oben und wird einer Wärmerückgewinnungseinrichtung zugeführt. Im Bereich dieser Wärmerückgewinnungseinrichtung ist das Messgerät 1 für den Wassergehalt des Rauchgases sowie die Lambda Sonde 2 angeordnet. Die Messwerte dieser beiden Geräte werden der Regelungseinrichtung 7 zugeführt, welche sowohl die Zufuhr von Primärluft, also das Primärluftgebläse 5, als auch die Zufuhr von Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulationsluft, also das entsprechende Gebläse 6, als auch den Stützbrenner 4 und den Wurfbeschicker 3 regelt.The flue gas 10 produced during combustion rises in the firing device and is fed to a heat recovery device. In the area of this heat recovery device, the measuring device 1 for the water content of the flue gas and the lambda probe 2 is arranged. The measured values of these two devices are supplied to the regulating device 7, which regulates both the supply of primary air, ie the primary air blower 5, and the supply of primary flue gas recirculation air, ie the corresponding blower 6, as well as the support burner 4 and the throw feeder 3.
Der Stützbrenner 4 ist im Feuerraum angeordnet und wird dann zugeschaltet, wenn der Wassergehalt des Rauchgases einen Schwellwert überschreitet, der mit der Luftregelung allein nicht ausreichend oder nicht ausreichend schnell zurückgeregelt werden kann. Je größer die Überschreitung des Schwellwerts ist, desto höher wird die Leistung des Stützbrenners eingestellt. Wenn derThe support burner 4 is arranged in the combustion chamber and is then switched on when the water content of the flue gas exceeds a threshold which can not be controlled back sufficiently with the air control alone or not sufficiently fast. The larger the threshold is exceeded, the higher the output of the support burner is set. If the
Wassergehalt des Rauchgases wieder unter den Schwellwert sinkt, dann wird der Stützbrenner wieder abgeschaltet. Die Leistung der Feuerung wird durch Änderung der zugeführten Brennstoffmenge, also z.B. durch Änderung der Drehzahl der Dosierschnecken, in Abhängigkeit der erforderlichen Wärmeleistung geregelt.Water content of the flue gas drops below the threshold again, then the support burner is switched off again. The power of the furnace is controlled by changing the amount of fuel supplied, so for example by changing the speed of the metering screws, depending on the required heat output.
Die Sollwerte für die Menge an Primärluft und an Luft aus der Primär- Rauchgasrezirkulation werden vorerst in Abhängigkeit von der Brennstoffmenge, also z.B. von der Drehzahl der Dosierschnecken, ermittelt. In der Darstellung in Fig. 2 und 3 sind auf der waagrechten Achse (x-Achse) der Wassergehalt des Rauchgases (H2O) aufgetragen, auf der senkrechten Achse (y-Achse) die Korrekturfaktoren für die Sollwerte für die Menge an Primärluft und an Luft aus der Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation (Fig. 2) bzw. nur für den Sollwert der Menge an Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulationsluft (Fig. 3). Der vorab aufgrund der Brennstoffmenge ermittelte Sollwert für die Luftzufuhr entspricht dem Wert 1 auf der senkrechten Achse. Wenn sich nun aufgrund einer Änderung der Zusammensetzung des Brennstoffes der Wassergehalt des Rauchgases ändert, ist den Kurven der Fig. 2 und 3 folgend die Menge an Primärluft und an Luft aus der Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation zu ändern, und zwar wie folgt:The setpoint values for the amount of primary air and of air from the primary flue gas recirculation are initially determined as a function of the fuel quantity, that is, for example, on the speed of the metering screws. In the illustration in Fig. 2 and 3, the horizontal axis (x-axis), the water content of the flue gas (H 2 O) are plotted on the vertical axis (y-axis), the correction factors for the setpoint values for the amount of primary air and in air from the primary flue gas recirculation (FIG. 2) or only for the desired value of the amount of primary flue gas recirculation air (FIG. 3). The set value for the air supply determined in advance on the basis of the fuel quantity corresponds to the value 1 on the vertical axis. Now, if due to a change in the composition of the fuel, the water content of the flue gas changes, following the curves of Figs. 2 and 3, the amount of primary air and air to change from the primary flue gas recirculation, as follows:
- Die Menge an Primärluft wird mit dem Korrekturfaktor aus Fig. 2 multipliziert.- The amount of primary air is multiplied by the correction factor of Fig. 2.
- Die Menge an Luft aus der Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation wird durch den Korrekturfaktor aus Fig. 2 dividiert und mit dem Korrekturfaktor aus Fig. 3 multipliziert.The amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation is divided by the correction factor from FIG. 2 and multiplied by the correction factor from FIG. 3.
Da der Korrekturfaktor aus Fig. 3 bei 18% Wasseranteil im Rauchgas gegen Null geht, wird oberhalb dieses Wasseranteils keine Luft aus der Primär- Rauchgasrezirkulation zugeführt. Die Kurven der Fig. 2 und 3 werden rechnerisch ermittelt und bei derSince the correction factor of Fig. 3 at 18% water content in the flue gas goes to zero, no air from the primary flue gas recirculation is supplied above this water content. The curves of FIGS. 2 and 3 are determined by calculation and in the
Inbetriebsetzung der Befeuerungseinrichtung bei Bedarf empirisch angepasst.Commissioning of the firing device adapted empirically if necessary.
Bezugszeichen:Reference numerals:
1 Messgerät für den Wassergehalt des Rauchgases 2 Lambda Sonde Wurfbeschicker1 measuring instrument for the water content of the flue gas 2 lambda probe throw feeder
Stützbrennersupporting burner
PrimärluftgebläsePrimary air fan
Gebläse für Primär-RauchgasrezirkulationsluftBlower for primary flue gas recirculation air
Regelungseinrichtungcontrol device
Rostrust
Brennstofffuel
Rauchgas flue gas

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Regelung einer Festbrennstoff-Befeuerungseinrichtung, welche zumindest über eine Primärluftzufuhr und eine Primär- Rauchgasrezirkulation verfügt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die1. A method for controlling a solid fuel firing device, which has at least one primary air supply and a primary flue gas recirculation, characterized in that the
Sollwerte für die Menge an Primärluft und an Luft aus der Primär- Rauchgasrezirkulation in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Rauchgases eingestellt werden.Setpoints for the amount of primary air and air from the primary flue gas recirculation depending on the water content of the flue gas can be adjusted.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Rauchgases ein Stützbrenner zugeschaltet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition depending on the water content of the flue gas, a support burner is switched on.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei steigendem Wassergehalt des Rauchgases die Primärluftmenge erhöht und die Luftmenge aus der Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation verringert wird.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that increases with increasing water content of the flue gas, the primary air amount and the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation is reduced.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei fallendem Wassergehalt des Rauchgases die Primärluftmenge verringert und die Luftmenge aus der Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation erhöht wird. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that with decreasing water content of the flue gas, the amount of primary air is reduced and the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation is increased.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Rauchgases ein Korrekturfaktor festgelegt wird, wobei der aufgrund der Brennstoffmenge ermittelte Sollwert für die Primärluftmenge mit diesem Korrekturfaktor multipliziert und der aufgrund der Brennstoffmenge ermittelte Sollwert für die Luftmenge aus der Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation durch den gleichen5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a correction factor is determined depending on the water content of the flue gas, wherein the determined based on the fuel quantity setpoint for the primary air quantity multiplied by this correction factor and the determined based on the fuel quantity setpoint for the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation by the same
Korrekturfaktor dividiert wird.Correction factor is divided.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der aufgrund der Brennstoffmenge ermittelte Sollwert für die Luftmenge aus der Primär- Rauchgasrezirkulation mit einem weiteren, vom Wassergehalt des Rauchgases abhängigen Korrekturfaktor multipliziert wird. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the determined based on the amount of fuel setpoint for the amount of air from the primary flue gas recirculation is multiplied by a further, dependent on the water content of the flue gas correction factor.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Überschreitung eines Schwellwertes des Wassergehalts des Rauchgases der Stützbrenner zugeschaltet wird, wobei dessen Leistung in Abhängigkeit von der Höhe der Überschreitung des Schwellwertes eingestellt wird.7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that is switched on exceeding a threshold value of the water content of the flue gas of the support burner, wherein the power is adjusted in dependence on the amount of exceeding the threshold value.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Unterschreitung eines Schwellwertes des Wassergehalts des Rauchgases der Stützbrenner abgeschaltet wird.8. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that falls below a threshold value of the water content of the flue gas of the support burner is switched off.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Befeuerungseinrichtung einen Rost mit Wurfbeschickung aufweist. l O. Festbrennstoffbefeuerungseinhchtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese über ein Messgerät (1 ) zur Messung des Wassergehalts des Rauchgases verfügt, welches über eine Regelungseinrichtung (7) mit einem Primärluftgebläse (5) sowie mit einem Gebläse (6) zur Primär-9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the firing device comprises a grate with litter feed. Solid fuel firing device for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it has a measuring device (1) for measuring the water content of the flue gas, which has a control device (7) with a primary air blower (5) and with a blower (6) to the primary
Rauchgasrezirkulation derart verbunden ist, dass die Sollwerte für die Menge an Primärluft und an Luft aus der Primär-Rauchgasrezirkulation in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Rauchgases eingestellt werden können. Flue gas recirculation is connected such that the setpoints for the amount of primary air and air from the primary flue gas recirculation can be adjusted depending on the water content of the flue gas.
11. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that a
Stützbrenner (4) vorgesehen ist.Support burner (4) is provided.
12. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Rost (8) mit einer Wurfbeschickung (4) vorgesehen ist. 12. Device according to one of claims 10 to 11, characterized in that a grate (8) with a litter feed (4) is provided.
EP08852332.9A 2007-11-19 2008-11-04 Method for regulating a solid fuel firing unit Active EP2210044B1 (en)

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PCT/EP2008/064920 WO2009065726A1 (en) 2007-11-19 2008-11-04 Method for regulating a solid fuel firing unit

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IT1398456B1 (en) * 2010-02-23 2013-02-22 Salvatico PELLET AND / OR BIOMASS COMBUSTION SYSTEM.
FR2961291B1 (en) * 2010-06-14 2014-06-06 Philippe Rousseau FUMES TREATMENT FACILITY
CN102242925B (en) * 2011-05-03 2013-04-17 李继华 Smoke and dust treatment equipment for coal-fired boiler
WO2013002746A2 (en) * 2011-06-15 2013-01-03 Emsa Enerji Madencilik Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Automatically controlled hot water and steam unit burning bituminous schist and coal with hydrogen and/or air
DE102012000262B4 (en) 2012-01-10 2015-12-17 Jörg Krüger Method and device for improving the burnout of slags on combustion grates
AT15458U1 (en) * 2013-02-25 2017-09-15 Ing Russ Egon Process for burning fuel
DE102020124544A1 (en) 2020-09-21 2022-03-24 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Process and system for the thermal utilization of solid fuel in a reaction chamber

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DE4033889A1 (en) * 1990-08-09 1992-02-13 Furumoto Herbert Dr Ing Solid-fuel combustion system in grate - diverts part of exhaust gas back to fire again
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PL2210044T3 (en) 2017-08-31

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