EP2199706A1 - Appareil de climatisation - Google Patents

Appareil de climatisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2199706A1
EP2199706A1 EP09014199A EP09014199A EP2199706A1 EP 2199706 A1 EP2199706 A1 EP 2199706A1 EP 09014199 A EP09014199 A EP 09014199A EP 09014199 A EP09014199 A EP 09014199A EP 2199706 A1 EP2199706 A1 EP 2199706A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air conditioner
refrigerant
conditioner according
heat
pumping operation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09014199A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2199706B1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Pfannenberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pfannenberg GmbH
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Pfannenberg GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2199706A1 publication Critical patent/EP2199706A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0401—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0411—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the expansion valve or capillary tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air conditioner with a refrigeration circuit for performing a compression operation in which a refrigerant is compressed via a compressor to high pressure level and passed in a condenser and cooled there, wherein heat energy is released to an environment and is then expanded via an expansion valve, wherein the refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator while absorbing heat.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an air conditioner for cabinets of the type mentioned, which consumes less total electrical energy, d. H. with a very low energy consumption.
  • This object is achieved in that an alternative pumping operation takes place, in which the refrigerant is circulated without pressure change, so that a heat transfer takes place according to a heat exchanger principle.
  • the invention is based on the idea that at a lower ambient temperature and higher cabinet temperature heat exchange takes place by pumping the refrigerant.
  • the heat output absorbed in the control cabinet is transferred to the fluid in the internal heat exchanger, heats the fluid and is delivered to the outer heat exchanger.
  • the absorbed heat output is delivered to the cooler ambient air.
  • Heat-emitting control cabinet components may be electronic components such as programmable logic controllers, other controllers, computers, servers, telecommunications equipment and the like, as well as electromechanical components such as switchgear.
  • cabinets are often housed in special rooms for switchgear or in other rooms in which an ambient temperature of about 20 ° occurs relatively often.
  • a heat exchange according to the principle of a heat exchanger is low.
  • pumping mode preferably no compressor is used.
  • a high pressure is not required in pumping operation. High pressure is required to provide the high pressure. Electrical energy is only needed to run the required pump or additional fans. However, this energy requirement is relatively low.
  • a significant advantage of the invention is that cabinets can be designed with very high IP protection class, because the pumping operation according to the heat exchanger principle allows a closed cabinet system without direct air inlet openings, as it is for air conditioning with e.g. Filter fans would be necessary.
  • Another advantage of the air conditioner according to the invention is that components such as condenser or heat exchanger can be used for both modes, whereby the number of additional components required is relatively low.
  • the circulating refrigerant fluid practically fulfills various functions.
  • a first function is the use as a conventional refrigerant in a compression refrigeration cycle with the thermodynamic processes of compressing and expanding, vaporizing and liquefying.
  • the refrigerant By compressing from a low pressure to a high pressure, the refrigerant is able to absorb heat at low evaporation temperature and thereafter discharge to the environment at high pressure and temperature in the condenser.
  • the high pressure is brought to low pressure.
  • the refrigerant expands, evaporates and withdraws heat from the control cabinet.
  • a second function of the fluid is that of pure thermal energy transport in pumping mode, without pressure change.
  • the fluid absorbs the heat loss generated by the cabinet components in the heat exchanger and transports it to the outside. Evaporation and condensation processes do not necessarily take place here, but can be part of the heat exchange.
  • the same coolant can be used in a cabinet cooling for both types of cooling, so that the cooling process can essentially or over large parts of the circle via a common circuit.
  • the invention is based on the fact that a combination of a standard refrigeration cycle in the air-conditioning mode with a pumping operation without pressure change of a fluid provides efficient cooling with a lower energy requirement.
  • the invention is thus based on an extension of a standard refrigeration cycle.
  • a bypass line is connected, through which the refrigerant is pumped during pumping operation.
  • the bypass line can be closed, for example via a shut-off valve.
  • An inexpensive solution for pumping the fluid is provided by the fact that a pump is connected in parallel to the expansion valve, through which the refrigerant is pumped during pumping operation. Due to the parallel connection, a branch takes place in which the expansion valve can be closed during pumping operation, so that the fluid can flow only via the pump.
  • the refrigerant is pumped through the condenser in the pumping operation.
  • the condenser then fulfills two functions.
  • the first function is the liquefaction of the gaseous refrigerant by the heat transfer to the environment.
  • the other function is heat dissipation for pumping.
  • the cooling system without the use of the pump work analogously to a gravity heating, which reduces the energy consumption and creates a structure with few components.
  • the reservoir acts as a buffer, so that a trouble-free operation is given when switching from one mode to another.
  • the. Sump disposed between the branch to the pump and the expansion valve and the condenser.
  • a further reduction of components is realized in a simple manner by providing heat exchangers designed for both plants both in the compression mode and in the pumping mode.
  • a common use of condenser and evaporator is possible when pumped the refrigerant via condenser and evaporator without pressure change, so that takes place through the condenser, heat dissipation to the environment or in the evaporator, the heat absorption. As a result, a cost-effective implementation of the invention is possible.
  • the various operating modes can be selectively operated by switching over from the compression mode to pumping mode and vice versa via shut-off valves.
  • a control can be done in the simplest way by a two- or three-point control.
  • the first temperature window with a low temperature range defines that neither climatic operation nor pumping occurs. No cooling is required here.
  • the second temperature window with a medium temperature range defines that only one pumping operation takes place.
  • the third temperature window with a higher temperature range defines that only one climatic operation takes place.
  • dynamic control structures such as P, I, IP, PID controllers and the like can also be used.
  • the control device can be effected by a pump operation which is temperature-dependent with respect to an ambient temperature. It is therefore possible that the ambient temperature is present as a parameter in the control loop. This is done by an ambient temperature sensor connected to the control device reached. The consideration of the ambient temperature brings in a simple way the desired energy savings. By taking into account the ambient temperature in the control as a parameter, namely at a relatively low ambient temperature, a pumping operation can be used, which would be quite sufficient. It is also clear that if the ambient temperature is equal to or higher than the internal temperature, at most only one climatic operation comes into question, since no cooling will take place in pumping operation.
  • the invention further comprises an air conditioning unit designed according to one or more of claims 1 to 13 for control cabinets with very high IP protection class and with very low energy consumption.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a standard refrigeration cycle of an air conditioner for use in a control cabinet.
  • the air conditioner includes a refrigerant circuit with coolant lines L1 to L4. This circuit is used to execute a compression operation.
  • a refrigerant is compressed by the line L1 via a compressor 11 to high pressure level. The rising Temperature of the refrigerant. Thereafter, the refrigerant is supplied via line L2 to a condenser 12.
  • the refrigerant releases heat energy to the environment, it condenses to reach a liquid state.
  • the heat release to the environment is indicated by the arrow A.
  • the condenser 12 is in contact with the outside air.
  • the refrigerant still has high pressure in line L3. It is then expanded via an expansion valve 13. Via the line L4, the refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator 14, which is in contact with the air of the control cabinet. Here is a heat absorption of dissipated heat loss in the cabinet, which is indicated by the arrow B, the refrigerant evaporates.
  • Fig. 2 This principle is also used by the invention.
  • another cooling principle is provided.
  • an additional pumping operation is present, which in Fig. 2 is illustrated.
  • the refrigerant is pumped around without pressure change, so that a heat transfer takes place according to a heat exchanger principle.
  • the refrigerant circulates in a circle. Without a pump, the system works analogously to a gravity heater. At high transmitted power densities and suitable temperature conditions, heat exchange processes can also lead to evaporation or condensation processes, which further increases the efficiency of the process.
  • Analogous to the circle according to Fig. 1 are the condenser 12 and the heat receiving means 14, which is designed as a heat exchanger 15, arranged.
  • the heat exchangers 15 and 12 are designed both for the compression operation and for the pumping operation. In pumping operation, the refrigerant is pumped via the condenser 12 without pressure change, so that the heat dissipation takes place to the environment through the condenser.
  • a bypass line L5 is connected parallel to the compressor. There is no compressor in this line L5.
  • the refrigerant is conveyed via this line L5.
  • the line L5 is connected on the one hand to the lines L1 a and L1 b and on the other hand to the lines L2a and L2b.
  • Parallel to the expansion valve 13 a pump 16 is connected, through which the refrigerant is pumped during pumping operation.
  • the refrigerant is pumped via the condenser 12, via the lines L6 or L6a, L6b and L4b, L1a, L5, L2b, L3a and L3b.
  • a collecting container 17 is connected for the liquid refrigerant collected therein.
  • the collecting tank 17 is located between the lines L3a and L3b or between the condenser 12 and the branch to the expansion valve 13 or the pump 16.
  • the pump 16 sucks liquid refrigerant from the collecting tank 17.
  • the compression operation and the pumping operation are reversible.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cabinet 18 with an air conditioner 19.
  • This can be designed as a cooling module 20 for modular expansion of the control cabinet.
  • the cooling module 20 may be disposed on and sealed to the cabinet so as to preclude ingress of water and dust into the cabinet.
  • the device 19 may be provided with air inlet openings 21 and air outlet openings 22, wherein the arrows C, D illustrate an external air flow. This air flow can be by convection and / or by at least a fan.
  • Fig. 3 an example of a component K to be cooled is shown,
  • control cabinet 18 circulates a closed air flow E, which can also be done by convection and / or by at least one fan.
  • the outside air is not in contact with the air of the control cabinet in order to achieve the high IP protection class.
  • the control cabinet is practically hermetically sealed.
  • a control device 23 is shown. To these are an internal temperature sensor S1 and / or an ambient temperature sensor S2, the compressor 11, the pump 16, and one or more shut-off valves V1 to Vn and the expansion valve 13 connected.
  • a pumping operation may be turned on at a low ambient temperature.
  • a pumping operation can be switched on even with a low desired actual value control deviation, while at high target actual value control deviation, the air conditioning operation can be switched on.
  • the cabinet temperature may be 35 ° while the ambient temperature is 20 °.
  • the ambient temperature sensor S2 creates a temperature-dependent cooling operation with respect to the ambient temperature. This is particularly favorable in pumping operation.
  • the control device 23 may be designed so that a constant temperature is regulated in accordance with an adjustable or fixed setpoint of, for example, 35 °. If necessary, the control can turn on the compressor 11 or the pump 16 in case of deviations or control corresponding valves 13, V1 to Vn.
  • the invention is not limited to this example, so instead of a control cabinet analog another housing can be used.
  • a control cabinet analog another housing can be used.
  • any pressure change is to be understood in which a significant increase in the temperature of the refrigerant occurs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
EP09014199.5A 2008-12-17 2009-11-13 Appareil de climatisation d'un dispositif de commutation et une méthode d'utilisation de l'appareil Active EP2199706B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202008016671U DE202008016671U1 (de) 2008-12-17 2008-12-17 Klimagerät

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2199706A1 true EP2199706A1 (fr) 2010-06-23
EP2199706B1 EP2199706B1 (fr) 2018-01-03

Family

ID=40530980

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09014199.5A Active EP2199706B1 (fr) 2008-12-17 2009-11-13 Appareil de climatisation d'un dispositif de commutation et une méthode d'utilisation de l'appareil

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2199706B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE202008016671U1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2972047A1 (fr) * 2011-02-25 2012-08-31 Julien Guillaume Leprieur Dispositif pour ameliorer la performance des installations frigorifiques
CN103868264A (zh) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-18 力博特公司 具有泵送制冷剂节能器的蒸汽压缩冷却***中的接受器/缓冲罐排空
WO2022257825A1 (fr) * 2021-06-09 2022-12-15 爱法科技(无锡)有限公司 Technologie et dispositif d'accumulation d'énergie thermique
WO2023001222A1 (fr) * 2021-07-22 2023-01-26 爱法科技(无锡)有限公司 Système de collecte et d'utilisation d'énergie environnementale

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009023394A1 (de) * 2009-05-29 2010-12-30 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Verbesserte Kälteerzeugungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für Flugzeuge
ITPN20090043A1 (it) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-14 Parker Hiross Spa Dispositivo di raffreddamento migliorato
CN103221760B (zh) * 2010-11-15 2015-07-22 三菱电机株式会社 制冷装置
CN104764235B (zh) * 2015-04-10 2017-01-11 深圳科士达科技股份有限公司 一种提高低温制冷的氟泵空调一体***
DE202018106277U1 (de) 2018-11-05 2020-02-06 Pfannenberg Gmbh Klimatisierungsanordnung für einen Schaltschrank und Schaltschrank
US12007149B2 (en) 2021-08-20 2024-06-11 Carrier Corporation Expansion control system on a centrifugal chiller with an integral subcooler

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6057154A (ja) * 1983-09-07 1985-04-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp ソ−ラ−ヒ−トポンプ装置
JPS6057154B2 (ja) 1977-10-13 1985-12-13 日本周辺機株式会社 デイスクパツク
US20080115515A1 (en) 2006-11-22 2008-05-22 Bailey Peter F Cooling system and method
WO2008079116A1 (fr) 2006-12-22 2008-07-03 Carrier Corporation Système de conditionnement d'air, et procédé comprenant des séquences de protection de pompe et refroidissement naturel

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10013039A1 (de) * 2000-03-17 2001-10-04 Loh Kg Rittal Werk Kühlgerät für eien Schaltschrank
US8261561B2 (en) * 2006-12-28 2012-09-11 Carrier Corporation Free-cooling capacity control for air conditioning systems

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6057154B2 (ja) 1977-10-13 1985-12-13 日本周辺機株式会社 デイスクパツク
JPS6057154A (ja) * 1983-09-07 1985-04-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp ソ−ラ−ヒ−トポンプ装置
US20080115515A1 (en) 2006-11-22 2008-05-22 Bailey Peter F Cooling system and method
WO2008079116A1 (fr) 2006-12-22 2008-07-03 Carrier Corporation Système de conditionnement d'air, et procédé comprenant des séquences de protection de pompe et refroidissement naturel

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2972047A1 (fr) * 2011-02-25 2012-08-31 Julien Guillaume Leprieur Dispositif pour ameliorer la performance des installations frigorifiques
CN103868264A (zh) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-18 力博特公司 具有泵送制冷剂节能器的蒸汽压缩冷却***中的接受器/缓冲罐排空
CN103868264B (zh) * 2012-12-07 2018-11-02 力博特公司 具有泵送制冷剂节能器的蒸汽压缩冷却***中的接受器/缓冲罐排空
WO2022257825A1 (fr) * 2021-06-09 2022-12-15 爱法科技(无锡)有限公司 Technologie et dispositif d'accumulation d'énergie thermique
WO2023001222A1 (fr) * 2021-07-22 2023-01-26 爱法科技(无锡)有限公司 Système de collecte et d'utilisation d'énergie environnementale

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2199706B1 (fr) 2018-01-03
DE202008016671U1 (de) 2009-04-09

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