Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/72—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber
  • H01H33/74—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber wherein the break is in gas
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
  • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
  • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume

Definitions

• the invention relates to a gas-insulated high-voltage circuit breaker according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
• Gas-insulated high-voltage switches are used in a high-voltage electrical network to switch on and off currents that range from very small inductive and capacitive currents through normal load currents to medium and large short-circuit currents.
• switches in the voltage range of up to a few hundred kV can be used to switch off short-circuit currents in the range of 50 and more kA.
• a gas-insulated high-voltage circuit breaker of the aforementioned type comprises two along a axis relative to each other movable arcing contacts, an insulating nozzle, a heating volume for receiving quenching gas, a heating channel and a pressure relief valve.
• the pressure of the quenching gas is determined by the energy of a formed when opening the switch and arc gas generating switching arc and opens the heating channel axially aligned in the heating volume.
• the heating channel connects one of the two arcing contacts axially and the insulating radially limited arc zone with the heating volume and limits the pressure relief valve, the pressure of the extinguishing gas by opening an opening into an expansion chamber discharge channel.
• an insulating gas is used with good arc extinguishing properties, which is compressed during the turn-off and subsequently as arc gas blows the arc until it goes out at the zero crossing of the current to be interrupted.
• a heating arc triggered by the switching arc in the arc zone and the size of the heating volume are optimally adapted to small and medium-height streams, since the high-altitude streaming would otherwise be much too low for small streams and no quenching gas pressure high enough for successful arc blowing could build up in the heating volume.
• a switch of the type mentioned is described in DE 44 12 249 A1.
• This switch has a by the pressure of the extinguishing gas elastically expandable heating volume with an adjustable against a restoring force boundary wall.
• the heating volume is increased by moving the boundary wall so that more hot extinguishing gas can now be stored in the heating volume.
• a pressure relief valve arranged in a radially aligned wall of the heating volume is provided at very high currents, which leads the extinguishing gas above an limit value of the extinguishing gas pressure over an axially extending discharge channel into an expansion space.
• the invention has for its object to provide a switch of the type mentioned above, limited in the switching of large currents, the pressure of the arc gases in the arc zone and at the same time the quality of the stored in the heating volume extinguishing gas is improved.
• the relief channel controlled by the pressure relief valve has an outflow section extended in the radial direction.
• hot arc gas can therefore be led out radially from the arc zone or the heating volume after response of the pressure relief valve.
• the insulating nozzle and the heating volume are thus protected against excessive thermal and mechanical stress by the hot arc gas.
• an extinguishing gas of good quality is also achieved in the heating volume. This good extinguishing gas quality is ensured by the fact that excessively hot and excessively highly compressed arc gas is kept away from the heating volume by limiting the pressure of the arc gas in the arc zone.
• the hot arc gas entering axially into the heating volume is removed radially from the heating volume.
• a caused by the axially flowing hot arc gas circulation of the extinguishing gas in the heating volume is largely suppressed, thereby keeping the temperature of the extinguishing gas provided in the heating volume low.
• the length of the insulating nozzle in the axial direction can be kept small, since now the maximum pressure of the arc gas is limited in the arc zone.
• the outflow section branches off from a cylindrically formed and axially extended constriction of the insulating nozzle, the pressure of the arc gas in the arc zone and thus also in the heating volume is very effectively limited when very high-performance switching arcs occur. If the pressure relief valve responds, the switching arc generally extends over the entire length of the nozzle throat. It then form right and left of the outflow section in the nozzle throat two stagnation points of an arc gas flow, which escapes with a located between the two stagnation points partial flow through the outflow of the open discharge channel into the expansion space.
• the gas pressure in the insulating nozzle is reduced virtually instantaneously, and thus the insulating nozzle and the heating volume are extremely quickly protected from unacceptably high load by hot arc gas.
• a generally sufficiently strong reduction of the gas pressure is achieved if the flow cross section of the outflow section is equal to or greater than the flow cross section of the constriction.
• the outflow section is arranged in the middle of the constriction, since then the reduction of the gas pressure in the arc zone after response of the pressure relief valve is particularly large and is nearly 50%.
• the outflow section is designed as part of the heating channel.
• at least one axially extended section of the relief channel advantageously joins the outflow section, and an annular valve body of the pressure relief valve is displaceably mounted in the axially extended channel section. The arc gas removed from the arc zone after the response of the pressure relief valve then passes into the expansion space at a dielectrically uncritical location.
• valve member of the pressure relief valve may be formed in manufacturing technology simple manner as a spring-loaded plate which closes the axially extended portion of the discharge channel below the set pressure.
• a good outflow behavior also has an embodiment of the switch according to the invention, in which the outflow section as a function of the pressure of the arc gas formed in the arc zone above a limit of the Arc gas pressure is variable.
• the outflow cross section is then in the general part of the pressure relief valve and can be easily integrated with this in the insulating, especially if a movable valve body of the pressure relief valve is part of the insulating. Forms an axially extended portion of the nozzle throat this valve body, so is a
• Outflow section reached which is arranged in the insulating nozzle. If, on the other hand, the nozzle throat forms the valve body, an outflow section is achieved which is formed as an inlet of the heating channel connected to the arc zone.
• the constriction of the insulating completely or partially forming the valve body are advantageously at least two radially outwardly extending sliding body mounted, each mounted in one of two circumferentially offset from each other staggered axially aligned guideways and acted upon by a restoring force.
• the discharge channel In order to achieve a high mechanical strength of the insulating nozzle, the discharge channel generally has a plurality of circumferentially uniformly distributed around the axis axially spaced channel sections.
• the insulating nozzle In order to homogenize the electric field acting on the insulating nozzle, the insulating nozzle carries on an axially extending portion of its outer side an electrically conductive shield. In the pressure relief valve metal components used if necessary and in the discharge channel or in other cavities of the insulating optionally still present hot arc gases then do not affect the dielectric strength of the insulating.
• the pressure of the arc gas in the Isolierdüse can also be limited by the outflow portion includes an opening formed in a tubular contact carrier of a rigidly connected to the insulating arc contact and sealed below a limit of the quenching gas pressure with a responsive to differential pressure, movable valve body of the pressure relief valve is.
• the opening at the mouth of the heating channel is arranged in the heating volume and connects the heating volume with the expansion space when the pressure relief valve is open, then a predominantly axially emerging from the heating channel Ray hot arc gas deflected at the opening and guided in the radial direction through the opening acting as a discharge portion of the discharge channel opening in the radially from the tubular contact carrier part of the expansion space.
• the valve body is designed as an axially aligned sleeve and loaded with the differential pressure between the heating channel and heating volume or between the heating volume and expansion space or a compression space. It then ranges from a small differential pressure to move the sleeve axially and so with little force and with a short response time to control the pressure relief valve, which is briefly prevented after reaching the set pressure, the penetration of hot arc gas into the heating volume.
• a sufficiently high for a safe control of the pressure relief valve differential pressure is available when the valve body is formed as a radially displaceable part and with the differential pressure between the arc zone and heating volume, between the heating volume and expansion space or between the arc zone and expansion space can be loaded.
• a pressure relief of the arc zone and thus the heating volume is also achieved in that the discharge channel of the arc zone delimited by an auxiliary nozzle and the arc contact, axially extending portion of the discharge channel and the opening of the
• FIGS. 1 to 13 show seven different embodiments of the high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention, of which FIG
• Figures 1, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 13 each show a plan view of an axially guided section through an above-axis part of one of seven embodiments of the switch when switched off,
• Figures 2, 5, 8 and 12 show in turn each one of the embodiments of the switch of Figures 1, 4, 7 and 11 in limiting an overpressure during turn-off, and
• FIGS. 3 and 6 respectively show a plan view of a section III - III or VI - VI through the switch according to FIGS. 1 and 4.
• FIG. 1 In all figures, like reference numerals refer to like-acting parts. Most of these parts are provided in Fig.1 with a reference numeral. In the following Figures 2 to 13, the reference numerals are partially omitted.
• the illustrated in the figures seven embodiments of the high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention each contain a with a compressed insulating gas, such as based on sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon dioxide or mixtures of these gases with each other, such as air, filled quenching chamber housing 1 and one of From the illustrated during a shutdown contact arrangement 2, two arcing contacts 3, 4 are shown, of which the nozzle formed as a nozzle arc 3 arranged along an axis 5 movable and the arcing contact 4 is held stationary in the housing 1.
• a compressed insulating gas such as based on sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon dioxide or mixtures of these gases with each other, such as air, filled quenching chamber housing 1 and one of From the illustrated during
• Arcing contact 4 does not necessarily have to be fixed, it can also be designed to be movable.
• the two arcing contacts 3, 4 are coaxially covered by an insulating nozzle 6 and a heating volume 7 for storing quenching gas.
• the heating volume 7 is designed in the manner of a Toms with a rectangular cross-section in the circumferential direction. With a switch designed for nominal voltages of typically 200 to 300 kV and for a nominal short-circuit breaking current of typically 50 to 70 kA, the heating volume 7 can generally accommodate approximately 1 to 2 liters of pressurized extinguishing gas.
• the left end of the arcing contact 4 is inserted in an electrically conductive manner in the right end of the tubular arc contact 3.
• the two arc contacts 3, 4 separate from each other and this forms a footing on the two ends of the arcing contacts arc 8, which burns in an arc zone 9.
• the arc zone 9 is axially bounded by the two arc contacts 3, 4 and axially by the insulating nozzle 6 and an insulating auxiliary nozzle 11.
• the heating zone 10 communicates with the heating volume 7 via a heating channel 10.
• the heating channel 10 is partially axially guided between the insulating nozzle 6 and the insulating auxiliary nozzle 11 and opens into the heating volume 7 at an opening 12.
• Arcing zone 9 is generally greater than in the heating volume 7.
• the heating channel 10 then performs an arc gas stream 13 formed by the energy of the arc 8, which enters the heating volume 7 via the opening 12. If the heating effect of the arc 8 decreases as it approaches the zero crossing of the current, the flow is reversed.
• stored quenching gas 14 flows through the opening 12 in the heating channel 7, is guided to the arc zone 9 and blows there the arc 8 at least until it is extinguished in the current zero crossing. After blowing the extinguishing gas expands into a limited by the container 1 expansion space 15th
• Heating volume 7 is determined by the energy of the arc 8.
• the pressure of the arc gas in the arc zone 9 increases with the square of current maximum of half-wave of the current to be disconnected.
• the pressure in the insulating nozzle 6 can become very high and can then lead to damage to the nozzle.
• very hot arc gas flows into the heating volume, which significantly reduces the quality of the extinguishing gas stored there.
• the switch according to the invention has an opening into the expansion space 15 discharge channel 20 and a pressure relief valve 30, with the Pressure of the arc gas 13 and thus also the pressure of the extinguishing gas above a certain value of the pressure of the arc gas 13 in the arc zone 9, respectively. of the quenching gas 14 in the heating volume 7 is limited by opening the discharge channel 20.
• the pressure relief takes place from the arc zone 9 and / or from the heating volume 7 through a radially extending outflow portion 21 of the discharge channel 20. Since the pressure of the arc gases 13 is kept in the arc chamber 9 below a pressure limit, the insulating, whose Length in the axial direction proportional to the maximum acting pressure to dimension, advantageously have a short length. In addition, so the insulating nozzle 6 and the
• an extinguishing gas 14 of good quality is thus achieved in the heating volume 7, since excessively hot and highly compressed arc gas is largely kept away from the heating volume by limiting the pressure of the arc gas 13 in the arc zone 9 above a limit value of the gas pressure. Below the pressure limit value, an axially directed flow of hot arc gas 13 into the heating volume 7 can then continue, which mixes with extinguishing gas 14 already present there with cool insulating gas. When reaching or exceeding the pressure limit, the axially entering the heating volume hot arc gas 13 is removed radially from the heating volume 7.
• a caused by the axially flowing hot arc gas below the pressure limit circulation of the quenching gas 14 in the heating volume then stops.
• the Temperature of the extinguishing gas 14 provided in the heating volume therefore remains low, so that its good quality is maintained even when particularly high-performance switching arcs occur.
• the pressure relief taking place in the radial direction is achieved in that the outflow section 21 branches off from the cylindrically formed and axially extended constriction 16 of the insulating nozzle 6.
• the pressure relief valve 30 has a loaded with a biased return spring 32, annular disk-shaped valve body 31 which is slidably mounted in a 32 adjacent to the channel portion 22, axially aligned recess of the insulating nozzle 6 against the force of the spring.
• shutting off small currents typically at most about 5 to about 15% of the maximum permissible short-circuit breaking current
• mean currents typically between at least about 5 to about 15% and about 30 to about 60% of the maximum permissible short-circuit breaking current
• Overpressure valve 30 to open.
• a portion of the gas 13 is passed through the heating channel into the heating volume 7 and mixed there with cool insulating gas to form compressed quenching gas 14.
• the quenching gas 14 flows from the heating volume 7 on the Heating channel 10 in the arc zone 9 and inflates the switching arc 8 beyond the zero crossing, until the power is definitely interrupted.
• the pressure of the arc gas 13 in the arc zone 9 can be so large (typical values are 30 to 150 bar) that the pressure relief valve 30 opens and a portion of the hot arc gas 13 is removed radially from the arc zone 9 and via the discharge channel 20 and the opened pressure relief valve 30 in the Expansion space 15 flows (Fig.2). Since the switching arc 8 extends visible over the entire length of the nozzle throat 16, formed on the right and left of the outflow 21 in the Düsenengstelle two (annularly about the axis 5 extended) stagnation points Si and S2 of the arc gas flow 13, with one between the two Disturbing points located partial flow through the
• Outflow portion 21 of the open discharge channel 20 escapes into the expansion space 15. Due to the formation of the two stagnation points, the gas pressure in the insulating nozzle 6 is reduced virtually instantaneously, and thus the insulating nozzle 6 and, accordingly, the heating volume 7 are very quickly protected against unacceptably high mechanical and thermal stress by hot arc gas 13.
• the flow cross section of the outflow section 21 is equal to or greater than the flow cross section of the constriction 16.
• the insulating nozzle 6 carries on an axially extended portion of its outer side an electrically conductive shield 40 which homogenizes the electric field acting in a switching operation in the insulating 6 and shields their radial component.
• the discharge channel has a plurality, here four, distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction about the axis, axially extending channel sections 22.
• a suitable for a sufficiently high pressure reduction dimensioned flow cross-section of the discharge channel and a high mechanical strength of the insulating nozzle 6 can be achieved.
• the valve body 31 is formed as a flat ring in manufacturing technology favorable manner.
• the radial pressure relief also takes place in the constriction 16 of Isolierdüse 6.
• the outflow section 21 has no constant flow area, but is variable as a function of the pressure of the arc gas formed in the arc zone above a threshold value of the arc gas pressure.
• the outflow section 21 now belongs to the overpressure valve 30 and is therefore integrated into the insulating nozzle 6 like this.
• the valve body 31 is formed by an annular part of the insulating nozzle, which comprises the constriction 16 of the nozzle 6.
• valve body 31 On the valve body 31 a plurality of, here four, radially outwardly extending sliding body 33 is mounted, each mounted in one of several, here four, circumferentially offset from one another uniformly arranged axially extending guide channels 34 and are acted upon by a plurality of springs 32 with restoring force.
• the springs 32 are adjusted so that above a predetermined value of the pressure of the arc gas 13 of the loaded with the pressure of the arc gas 13 valve body 31 is shifted to form the radial outflow section 21 to the right and the guide channels 34 releases. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the arc gas 13 can then flow out into the expansion space 15 via the outflow section 21, the guide channels 34 and the channel section 22.
• the outflow section 21 forms an annular mouth section of the heating channel 10 which merges into the arc zone 13.
• the outflow section 21 can be seen to have a constant flow cross section and extend over the axially extended section 22 or several axially extended sections Sections 22 of the discharge channel 20 and the pressure relief valve 30 with the
• Expansion space 15 connectable.
• the overpressure valve 30 (FIG. 8) responds, the hot arc gas 13 also flows into the expansion space 15 via the mouth section 21 of the heating channel 7, the at least one axially extended section 22 and the now opened overpressure valve 30.
• the pressure of the arc gas 13 in the arc zone 9 is not reduced as much as in the embodiments described above, but this embodiment is easy to manufacture and allows the transport of the entire between the stagnation point of the Isolierangesdüse 11 and Stagnation point of the insulating nozzle 6 formed arc gas 13 through the discharge channel 20, if the pressure of the quenching gas in the heating volume 7 is higher than the pressure of the arc gas 13 in the arc chamber.
• the outflow section 21 forms the transition into the arc zone 13
• the outflow section 21 now above a limit of the arc gas pressure on a variable in function of the arc gas pressure Stömungsquerites.
• the outflow section 21 is now part of the overpressure valve 30 and is therefore integrated into the insulating nozzle 6 like this.
• the outflow section 21 contains an opening which is formed in a tubular contact carrier of the arc contact 3 rigidly connected to the insulating nozzle 6. Below a limit of the
• the discharge channel 20 is guided by the arc zone 9 through an axially extended section 23 of the relief channel 20 delimited by the auxiliary nozzle 11 and the arc contact 3 and the outflow section 21 designed as an opening of the contact carrier into the expansion space 15.
• the valve body 31 is formed as an axially aligned sleeve and is loaded with the differential pressure between the channel portion 23 and a piston-cylinder compression chamber 50 for generating a small amount of additional extinguishing gas. A sufficiently high differential pressure is also on the sleeve resp. the valve body 31 when the sleeve 31 is passed through the space 50 into the expansion space 15 or only into the heating volume 7.
• the opening 21 is arranged at the junction 12 of the heating channel 10 into the heating volume 7.
• the pressure relief valve 30 is open (FIG. 12)
• the heating volume 7 with the expansion space is then 15 connected.
• a predominantly axially emerging from the heating channel 10 jet of hot arc gas 13 is then deflected with open valve 30 at the opening 21 and in the radial direction by acting as a radial outflow 21 of the discharge channel opening in the tubular contact carrier of the arcing contact 3 radially limited part of the expansion space 15 led.
• hot plasma gas flow 13 largely kept away from the interior of the heating 7 and the quality of the already existing extinguishing gas is kept high and on the other hand, the pressure in the arc zone is limited.
• valve body 31 is formed as an axially aligned sleeve. It can therefore - as shown - easily a plurality of openings in the contact carrier of the arcing contact 3 may be present, which form the outflow section 21 and ensure a uniform outflow of the arc gases 13.
• the opening of the pressure relief valve 30 causing differential pressure acts between the heating volume 7 and the piston-cylinder compression chamber 50, in which the sleeve 21 is guided in a gas-tight manner.
• a comparable control effect of the sleeve 21 is also achieved when it is guided by the heating volume 7 through the piston-cylinder compression chamber 50 into the expansion space or if they from the heating channel 10 only in the heating volume 7 or through the heating volume into the compression space 50 and optionally through this is passed through into the expansion space 15.
• valve body 31 may also be designed as a radially displaceable part, as can be seen from FIG.
• the differential pressure between arc zone 9 and expansion space 15 or between heating volume 7 and expansion space 15 can also radially load the valve body 31.
• the pressure difference between heating volume 7 and expansion space 15 is shown in FIG.
• a part of the overpressure valve 30 which is to be controlled separately is required as a movable valve body 31.

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• Circuit Breakers (AREA)
• Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-10-16 WO PCT/EP2007/061005 patent/WO2009049669A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2007-10-16 EP EP07821371A patent/EP2198443B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2007-10-16 AT AT07821371T patent/ATE497633T1/de active
  • 2007-10-16 CN CN200780101194.2A patent/CN101828242B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-10-16 DE DE502007006438T patent/DE502007006438D1/de active Active
• 2010
  • 2010-04-15 US US12/761,178 patent/US8148660B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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