EP2195877B1 - Omt type broadband multiband transmission-reception coupler-separator for rf frequency telecommuncations antennas - Google Patents

Omt type broadband multiband transmission-reception coupler-separator for rf frequency telecommuncations antennas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2195877B1
EP2195877B1 EP08803722.1A EP08803722A EP2195877B1 EP 2195877 B1 EP2195877 B1 EP 2195877B1 EP 08803722 A EP08803722 A EP 08803722A EP 2195877 B1 EP2195877 B1 EP 2195877B1
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section
coupling
coupler
port
linear
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2195877A1 (en
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Paddy Perottino
Philippe Lepeltier
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a very broadband multi-band transceiver coupler-splitter type OMT ("OrthoMode Transducer” that is to say, coupler orthomode) for microwave telecommunications antennas.
  • OMT Organic Multi-Mode Transducer
  • Such a device can also be called “multiplexer” or “OMT multiplexer”. To simplify the description, this device will be called simply “coupler”.
  • the document GB-A-2 194 859 describes an apparatus as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the subject of the present invention is a multi-band broadband transmission-reception coupler of the OMT type for microwave telecommunications antennas which can operate for a very wide bandwidth (greater than one octave), for linear as well as circular polarizations. .
  • the coupling slots allow, after recombination, operation in linear and circular polarizations. If they are two in number and diametrically opposed, it is a single linear polarization, and if they are four in number and arranged at 90 ° relative to each other, they are linear polarizations and circulars. In the coupling regime, all the signals coupled to the losses that are induced by the coupler itself and by the type of treatment of the machined material are recovered (for example: a silver-based finish allows very good conductivity).
  • the blocking section also provides an adaptation function allowing the propagation of high frequencies through it, on the other hand it also helps the overall adaptation of the coupler (between ports P1 and P2).
  • All couplers according to the invention described below mainly comprise the following elements: a first port P1 followed by a body and a second port P2, these three main elements all having a circular section and being coaxial.
  • the inner diameter of the port P1 is greater than that of the port P2, while the inner diameter of the coupling section is equal to that of the port P1 at their junction and decreases constantly between its junction with P1 and its junction with P2.
  • the body comprises at least one section consisting of a coupling section and a frequency blocking section relating to the coupling section of the same assembly.
  • the embodiments described herein each include only one such section, but it is understood that the invention is not limited to a single section, and that the coupler of the invention has as many such sections that There are intermediate frequency bands to be processed (in coupling and separation).
  • the profile of the blocking section may comprise one or more parties with different evolution laws.
  • the port P1 ensures the propagation of all the useful bandwidths (representing the coupling of low and high subbands) and is connected (not represented) to a horn propagating in transmission and in reception of electromagnetic waves in association with a focusing system such as a microwave telecommunications antenna, while the P2 port only ensures the propagation of high subbands and the coupling ports of the coupling section ensure that of subbands bass.
  • the P2 port and the ports of the link section are connected (from not shown) to transceiver systems.
  • the law of evolution of the longitudinal profile of each coupling section is an essential element of the invention and will be described in detail below for each of the embodiments shown.
  • the coupling section may have only two or four coupling slots, because a different number would be useless purely and simply.
  • the examples of coupling section profiles described below are simple to perform by machining, whether they are linear or defined by splines.
  • the body 24 of the coupler 25 of the figure 6 has a profile consisting of two consecutive linear parts 26 (determining the coupling section) and 27 (determining the low frequency blocking section) with different slopes (the slopes are to be considered in the plane of the figure, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the coupler). It is understood that this profile may comprise more than two parts with different slopes. In the example shown in the drawing, the slope of the portion 26 is greater than that of the portion 27, but the opposite is also possible
  • each section of the separator promotes the coupling of the low bands by presenting a slope of angle ⁇ 1 (slope 26) of approximately 10 to 15 ° and the following section of slope of angle ⁇ 2 (slope 27) bypasses (prevents) these same low bands to propagate through the coupler.
  • the whole also favoring a good adaptation (in terms of ROS, ie standing wave rates) of the overall coupler for all frequency bands to propagate and separate.
  • Broadband rectangular 24A coupling slots are formed in the body of the section 24.
  • Each slots extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the section 24. In this case, there are two or four. Two slots are used to couple at least one linear polarization and four slots are used to couple two linear polarizations and two circular polarizations. A recombination system (not shown) is necessary for their restitution. Only one of these slots is visible on the drawing.
  • Each slots is associated with a waveguide 24B rectangular section. Each set of coupling slot and associated waveguide is referred to herein as "coupling arm". The dimensions of the coupling slots are initially determined as those of a conventional rectangular waveguide to allow the propagation of the lowest frequencies to be coupled.
  • the profile of the coupling section 28 of the coupler 29 of the figure 7 consists of a spline 30 followed by a linear segment 31.
  • the equation defining the spline 30 can have various forms provided that, as specified above, the diameter the corresponding portion of the section 28 is constantly decreasing from the port of greater section to the port of smaller section, or more precisely until the junction with the portion defined by the profile 31.
  • This spline defined a zone of short-circuit favoring the coupling of the low bands (L) and a good adaptation of the bands more high (C and Ku) propagating through the coupler.
  • the spline 34 providing the coupling was a first order polynomial (linear profile).
  • the distance between the low band (s) to be coupled and the high band (s) to be propagated through the splitter-splitter indicates whether the coupler is achievable. This frequency distance should not be too small, otherwise there is a risk of coupling also the beginning of the highest bands.
  • the use of a selective filter (microwave iris with circular contour of defined thickness having a cross-shaped recess), placed between the coupling section and the blocking section or just after the blocking section, can help in the where bandwidths to be coupled and separated are very close. This coupler makes it possible to use only one very broadband antenna for transmission (transmission and reception) of the four sub-bands.

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Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un coupleur-séparateur d'émission-réception multibande à très large bande de type OMT (« OrthoMode Transducer » c'est-à-dire coupleur orthomode) pour antennes de télécommunications hyperfréquences. Un tel dispositif peut être également dénommé « multiplexeur » ou « OMT multiplexant ». Pour simplifier la description, ce dispositif sera appelé simplement « coupleur ».The present invention relates to a very broadband multi-band transceiver coupler-splitter type OMT ("OrthoMode Transducer" that is to say, coupler orthomode) for microwave telecommunications antennas. Such a device can also be called "multiplexer" or "OMT multiplexer". To simplify the description, this device will be called simply "coupler".

On a schématisé en figure 1 un OMT dit « séparateur de polarisations linéaires », qui est réalisé selon la technique des guides d'ondes hyperfréquences. Cet OMT, référencé 1, comprend essentiellement un premier port 2 destiné à être relié à un cornet faisant face à une antenne de télécommunication hyperfréquences et deux autres ports 3, 4 destinés à être reliés à un émetteur ou un récepteur. Cet OMT ne fonctionne qu'avec des polarisations linéaires. Ces trois ports sont coaxiaux. Le port 3 correspond à la polarisation horizontale et le port 4 à la polarisation verticale. Le port 3 est rectangulaire et est relié au port 2 par un ou plusieurs tronçons de guide d'ondes 5 ayant des dimensions intermédiaires entre ceux des ports 2 et 3. Le port 4 est relié radialement au port 2 par deux tronçons de guides d'ondes 6A, 6B disposés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe commun des trois ports et ayant chacun approximativement une forme en « U » allongé et aboutissant à des fentes de couplage diamétralement opposées de chacun des ports 2 et 3.We have schematized figure 1 an OMT called "linear polarization separator", which is produced according to the technique of microwave waveguides. This OMT, referenced 1, essentially comprises a first port 2 intended to be connected to a horn facing a microwave telecommunication antenna and two other ports 3, 4 intended to be connected to a transmitter or a receiver. This OMT only works with linear polarizations. These three ports are coaxial. Port 3 corresponds to the horizontal polarization and port 4 to the vertical polarization. Port 3 is rectangular and is connected to port 2 by one or more waveguide sections 5 having dimensions intermediate between those of ports 2 and 3. Port 4 is radially connected to port 2 by two guide sections of FIG. 6A, 6B waves arranged symmetrically with respect to the common axis of the three ports and each having approximately an elongated "U" shape and resulting in diametrically opposite coupling slots of each of the ports 2 and 3.

Le coupleur 7 de la figure 2 est un OMT dit « pyramidal ». Il comprend essentiellement une cavité centrale à corps parallélépipédique à section carrée et une pyramide 8 posée au fond de cette cavité. Des ports 9 à 12 aboutissent face aux quatre surfaces triangulaires latérales de la pyramide du corps parallélépipédique . Avec un tel OMT, le couplage des ondes électromagnétiques entre le port central à section carrée et les quatre ports peut être large bande. Cette plage de fonctionnement peut être affectée ou réduite avec l'utilisation d'une transition entre les ports à section circulaire et le corps parallélépipédique de l'OMT favorisant la propagation des modes d'ordres supérieurs. De plus, ce coupleur ne possède pas de fonction multiplexante.The coupler 7 of the figure 2 is an OMT called "pyramidal". It essentially comprises a central cavity with parallelepipedal body square section and a pyramid 8 placed at the bottom of this cavity. Ports 9 to 12 end facing the four lateral triangular surfaces of the pyramid of the parallelepiped body. With such an OMT, the coupling of electromagnetic waves between the square section central port and the four ports can be broadband. This operating range can be affected or reduced with the use of a transition between the circular section ports and the OMT parallelepipedal body promoting the propagation higher order modes. In addition, this coupler does not have a multiplexing function.

On a représenté en figure 3 un OMT classique 13 à sections circulaires. Il comporte essentiellement trois tronçons de guides d'ondes successifs coaxiaux 14, 15 et 16 qui sont généralement des cavités. Le premier guide 14 a le plus grand diamètre et comporte deux ou quatre fentes de couplage rectangulaires telles que la fente 14A, seule représentée sur le dessin, associées chacune à un port tel que les ports 14B représentés sur le dessin. De façon analogue, le tronçon 15, de diamètre inférieur à celui du tronçon 14, comporte deux ou quatre fentes de couplage 15A associées chacune à un port 15B. Enfin, le tronçon 16, de diamètre inférieur à celui du tronçon 15, constitue le port de propagation de la bande de fréquences la plus élevée, alors que le tronçon 14 assure le couplage des fréquences les plus basses et le tronçon 15 celui des fréquences de valeur intermédiaire. Un tel coupleur permet donc un couplage multi-bandes, mais les largeurs de ces bandes sont faibles.We have shown in figure 3 a conventional OMT 13 with circular sections. It essentially comprises three sections of successive coaxial waveguides 14, 15 and 16 which are generally cavities. The first guide 14 has the largest diameter and has two or four rectangular coupling slots such as the slot 14A, only shown in the drawing, each associated with a port such as ports 14B shown in the drawing. Similarly, the section 15, of smaller diameter than the section 14, has two or four coupling slots 15A each associated with a port 15B. Finally, the section 16, of smaller diameter than that of the section 15, constitutes the propagation port of the highest frequency band, while the section 14 ensures the coupling of the lowest frequencies and the section 15 that of the frequencies of the intermediate value. Such a coupler thus allows a multi-band coupling, but the widths of these bands are small.

Le coupleur 17 de la figure 4 est du type comportant une cavité 18 en forme de parallélépipède rectangle se prolongeant par une cavité parallélépipédique à section carrée ou rectangulaire et un port 19 à section carré ou rectangulaire et coaxial à l'axe de la cavité. La cavité 18 comporte sur chacune de ses deux (ou quatre) faces latérales une fente de couplage 18A associée à un port de couplage 18B. Un tel coupleur fonctionne pour une bande de fréquences relativement large, mais la transition (non représentée), servant d'interface à la connexion d'un cornet à section circulaire, et située entre la cavité 18 à section carrée ou rectangulaire et les guides d'ondes à section circulaire qui lui sont reliés, réduit sa plage de fonctionnement à cause de la présence de modes d'ordre supérieur, et notamment d'harmoniques, gênant la propagation des signaux utiles.Coupler 17 of the figure 4 is of the type comprising a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped cavity 18 extending by a parallelepipedic cavity of square or rectangular section and a port 19 of square or rectangular section and coaxial with the axis of the cavity. The cavity 18 has on each of its two (or four) side faces a coupling slot 18A associated with a coupling port 18B. Such a coupler operates for a relatively wide frequency band, but the transition (not shown), serving as an interface to the connection of a circular section horn, and located between the square or rectangular section cavity 18 and the waveguides circular wave connected to it, reduces its operating range because of the presence of higher order modes, including harmonics, impeding the propagation of useful signals.

On a schématisé en figure 5 un OMT 20 tel que connu d'après le brevet US 6 566 976 . Cet OMT comporte un corps conique 21 reliant un port 22 à section circulaire à un port 23 également à section circulaire et ayant un diamètre inférieur à celui du port 22. Des fentes de couplage 21A associées à des ports 21B sont pratiquées sur le corps conique 21. Un tel OMT ne permet de propager que des bandes de fréquences étroites.We have schematized figure 5 an OMT 20 as known from the patent US 6,566,976 . This OMT comprises a conical body 21 connecting a port 22 of circular section to a port 23 also of circular section and having a smaller diameter than the port 22. Coupling slots 21A associated with ports 21B are formed on the conical body 21 Such an OMT only propagates narrow frequency bands.

Le document GB-A-2 194 859 décrit un appareil comme défini dans le préambule de la revendication 1.The document GB-A-2 194 859 describes an apparatus as defined in the preamble of claim 1.

La présente invention a pour objet un coupleur d'émission-réception multibande à très large bande de type OMT pour antennes de télécommunications hyperfréquences qui puisse fonctionner pour une très large bande passante (supérieure à une octave), pour des polarisations linéaires aussi bien que circulaires.The subject of the present invention is a multi-band broadband transmission-reception coupler of the OMT type for microwave telecommunications antennas which can operate for a very wide bandwidth (greater than one octave), for linear as well as circular polarizations. .

Le coupleur conforme à l'invention comporte un port de propagation de la totalité des fréquences, un corps et un port de propagation des bandes de fréquences hautes, ces trois parties étant coaxiales et ayant toutes trois une section circulaire, des fentes de couplage pour la propagation des bandes de fréquences basses étant pratiquées dans le corps et associées chacune à un guide d'ondes, et il est caractérisé en ce que son corps joignant les deux ports comporte au moins une section comprenant un tronçon de couplage et un tronçon de blocage des fréquences basses, c'est-à-dire des fréquences couplées, et présente une forme de révolution dont le profil évolue selon une loi multi-polynomiale, constamment décroissante depuis le port de plus grande section jusqu'au port de plus petite section, chaque tronçon de couplage comportant deux ou quatre fentes de couplage large bande.The coupler according to the invention comprises a port for propagation of all the frequencies, a body and a port for propagation of the high frequency bands, these three parts being coaxial and all having a circular section, coupling slots for the propagation of low frequency bands being practiced in the body and each associated with a waveguide, and it is characterized in that its body joining the two ports comprises at least one section comprising a coupling section and a blocking section of low frequencies, that is to say coupled frequencies, and has a form of revolution whose profile evolves according to a multi-polynomial law, constantly decreasing from the port of greater section to the port of smaller section, each coupling section having two or four broadband coupling slots.

Les fentes de couplage permettent, après recombinaison, un fonctionnement en polarisations linéaires et circulaires. Si elles sont au nombre de deux et diamétralement opposées, il s'agit d'une seule polarisation linéaire, et si elles sont au nombre de quatre et disposées à 90° les unes par rapport aux voisines, il s'agit de polarisations linéaires et circulaires . En régime de couplage, on récupère ensuite la totalité des signaux couplés aux pertes près induites par le coupleur lui-même et par le type de traitement du matériau usiné (par exemple : une finition à base d'argent permet une très bonne conductivité).The coupling slots allow, after recombination, operation in linear and circular polarizations. If they are two in number and diametrically opposed, it is a single linear polarization, and if they are four in number and arranged at 90 ° relative to each other, they are linear polarizations and circulars. In the coupling regime, all the signals coupled to the losses that are induced by the coupler itself and by the type of treatment of the machined material are recovered (for example: a silver-based finish allows very good conductivity).

Le tronçon de blocage assure aussi une fonction d'adaptation permettant la propagation des fréquences hautes en son travers, d'autre part il aide aussi à l'adaptation globale du coupleur (entre les ports P1 et P2).The blocking section also provides an adaptation function allowing the propagation of high frequencies through it, on the other hand it also helps the overall adaptation of the coupler (between ports P1 and P2).

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation, pris à titre d'exemple non limitatif et illustré par le dessin annexé, sur lequel :

  • les figures 1 à 5, déjà décrites ci-dessus, sont des schémas simplifiés de coupleurs connus, et
  • les figures 6 à 8 sont des schémas simplifiés de trois modes de réalisation d'un coupleur conforme à la présente invention.
The present invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description of an embodiment, taken by way of nonlimiting example and illustrated by the appended drawing, in which:
  • the Figures 1 to 5 , already described above, are simplified diagrams of known couplers, and
  • the Figures 6 to 8 are simplified diagrams of three embodiments of a coupler according to the present invention.

La présente invention est décrite ci-dessous en référence à trois exemples simples de coupleurs, mais il est bien entendu qu'elle n'est pas limitées à ces exemples et que les corps de ces coupleurs peuvent présenter un grand nombre d'autres profils, ces profils étant définis de façon générale comme évoluant selon une loi multi-polynomiale, constamment décroissante depuis le port de plus grande section jusqu'au port de plus petite section.The present invention is described below with reference to three simple examples of couplers, but it is understood that it is not limited to these examples and that the bodies of these couplers may have a large number of other profiles, these profiles being generally defined as evolving according to a multi-polynomial law, constantly decreasing from the port of larger section to the port of smaller section.

Tous les coupleurs conformes à l'invention décrits ci-dessous comportent principalement les éléments suivants : un premier port P1 suivi d'un corps et d'un deuxième port P2, ces trois éléments principaux ayant tous une section circulaire et étant coaxiaux. Le diamètre intérieur du port P1 est supérieur à celui du port P2, tandis que le diamètre intérieur du tronçon de couplage est égal à celui du port P1 au niveau de leur jonction et décroît constamment entre sa jonction avec P1 et sa jonction avec P2. Le corps comprend au moins une section se composant d'un tronçon de couplage et d'un tronçon de blocage de fréquences relatives au tronçon de couplage du même ensemble. Les modes de réalisation décrits ici ne comportent chacun qu'une seule telle section, mais il est bien entendu que l'invention n'est pas limitée à une seule telle section, et que le coupleur de l'invention comporte autant de telles sections qu'il y a de bandes de fréquences intermédiaires à traiter (en couplage et en séparation). Le profil du tronçon de blocage peut comporter une ou plusieurs parties à lois d'évolution différentes. Pour chacun de ces coupleurs, le port P1 assure la propagation de la totalité des bandes passantes utiles (représentant le couplage de sous-bandes basses et de sous-bandes hautes) et est relié (de façon non représentée) à un cornet propageant en émission et en réception des ondes électromagnétiques en association avec un système focalisant tel qu'une antenne de télécommunications hyperfréquences, tandis que le port P2 assure uniquement la propagation de sous-bandes hautes et les ports de couplage du tronçon de couplage assurent celle de sous-bandes basses. Le port P2 et les ports du tronçon de couplage sont reliés (de façon non représentée) à des systèmes émetteur-récepteur. La loi d'évolution du profil longitudinal de chaque tronçon de couplage est un élément essentiel de l'invention et sera décrite en détail ci-dessous pour chacun des modes de réalisation représentés.All couplers according to the invention described below mainly comprise the following elements: a first port P1 followed by a body and a second port P2, these three main elements all having a circular section and being coaxial. The inner diameter of the port P1 is greater than that of the port P2, while the inner diameter of the coupling section is equal to that of the port P1 at their junction and decreases constantly between its junction with P1 and its junction with P2. The body comprises at least one section consisting of a coupling section and a frequency blocking section relating to the coupling section of the same assembly. The embodiments described herein each include only one such section, but it is understood that the invention is not limited to a single section, and that the coupler of the invention has as many such sections that There are intermediate frequency bands to be processed (in coupling and separation). The profile of the blocking section may comprise one or more parties with different evolution laws. For each of these couplers, the port P1 ensures the propagation of all the useful bandwidths (representing the coupling of low and high subbands) and is connected (not represented) to a horn propagating in transmission and in reception of electromagnetic waves in association with a focusing system such as a microwave telecommunications antenna, while the P2 port only ensures the propagation of high subbands and the coupling ports of the coupling section ensure that of subbands bass. The P2 port and the ports of the link section are connected (from not shown) to transceiver systems. The law of evolution of the longitudinal profile of each coupling section is an essential element of the invention and will be described in detail below for each of the embodiments shown.

On notera que le tronçon de couplage ne peut comporter que deux ou quatre fentes de couplage, car un nombre différent serait inutile purement et simplement. Les exemples de profils de tronçons de couplage décrits ci-dessous sont simples à réaliser par usinage, qu'ils soient linéaires ou définis par des splines.Note that the coupling section may have only two or four coupling slots, because a different number would be useless purely and simply. The examples of coupling section profiles described below are simple to perform by machining, whether they are linear or defined by splines.

Le corps 24 du coupleur 25 de la figure 6 a un profil se composant de deux parties linéaires consécutives 26 (déterminant le tronçon de couplage) et 27 (déterminant le tronçon de blocage de fréquences basses) à pentes différentes (les pentes sont à considérer dans le plan de la figure, par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du coupleur). Il est bien entendu que ce profil peut comporter plus de deux parties à pentes différentes. Dans l'exemple représenté sur le dessin, la pente de la partie 26 est plus grande que celle de la partie 27, mais le contraire est également possibleThe body 24 of the coupler 25 of the figure 6 has a profile consisting of two consecutive linear parts 26 (determining the coupling section) and 27 (determining the low frequency blocking section) with different slopes (the slopes are to be considered in the plane of the figure, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the coupler). It is understood that this profile may comprise more than two parts with different slopes. In the example shown in the drawing, the slope of the portion 26 is greater than that of the portion 27, but the opposite is also possible

Les rapports entre les valeurs de ces pentes sont différents selon le cas concerné, car ils dépendent de la mission à remplir, à savoir : les pourcentages en valeur de bande relative des sous-bandes à coupler et à séparer et de leur éloignement fréquentiel des unes par rapport aux autres. Chaque tronçon du séparateur favorise le couplage des bandes basses en présentant une pente d'angle θ1 (pente 26) d'environ 10 à 15° et le tronçon suivant de pente d'angle θ2 (pente 27) court-circuite (empêche) ces mêmes bandes basses de se propager au travers du coupleur. Le tout favorisant aussi une bonne adaptation (en termes de ROS, c'est-à-dire de taux d'ondes stationnaires) de la globalité du coupleur pour toutes les bandes de fréquences à propager et à séparer. Des fentes de couplage 24A rectangulaires large bande sont pratiquées dans le corps du tronçon 24. Ces fentes s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal du tronçon 24. Dans le cas présent, elles sont au nombre de deux ou de quatre. Deux fentes servent à coupler au moins une polarisation linéaire et quatre fentes servent à coupler deux polarisations linéaires et deux polarisations circulaires. Un système de recombinaison (non représenté) est nécessaire à leur restitution. Une seule de ces fentes est visible sur le dessin. Chacune des fentes est associée à un guide d'ondes 24B à section rectangulaire. Chaque ensemble fente de couplage et guide d'ondes associé est dénommé ici «bras de couplage ». Les dimensions des fentes de couplage sont déterminées initialement comme celles d'un guide d'ondes rectangulaire classique afin de permettre la propagation des fréquences les plus basses à coupler.The relationships between the values of these slopes are different according to the case concerned, because they depend on the mission to be fulfilled, namely: percentages in relative band value of the subbands to be coupled and separated and their frequency away from each other. compared to others. Each section of the separator promotes the coupling of the low bands by presenting a slope of angle θ1 (slope 26) of approximately 10 to 15 ° and the following section of slope of angle θ2 (slope 27) bypasses (prevents) these same low bands to propagate through the coupler. The whole also favoring a good adaptation (in terms of ROS, ie standing wave rates) of the overall coupler for all frequency bands to propagate and separate. Broadband rectangular 24A coupling slots are formed in the body of the section 24. These slots extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the section 24. In this case, there are two or four. Two slots are used to couple at least one linear polarization and four slots are used to couple two linear polarizations and two circular polarizations. A recombination system (not shown) is necessary for their restitution. Only one of these slots is visible on the drawing. Each slots is associated with a waveguide 24B rectangular section. Each set of coupling slot and associated waveguide is referred to herein as "coupling arm". The dimensions of the coupling slots are initially determined as those of a conventional rectangular waveguide to allow the propagation of the lowest frequencies to be coupled.

De préférence, pour le mode de réalisation de la figure 6, comme pour tous les modes de réalisation conformes à l'invention, on dispose aux extrémités de chacun des guides des bras de couplage une ou plusieurs cellules filtrantes classiques (non représentées) destinées à éliminer d'éventuels résidus de fréquences qui seraient en dehors de la bande passante à coupler relative aux bras 24B et qui ne doivent passer que longitudinalement en traversant le tronçon 24.Preferably, for the embodiment of the figure 6 , as for all the embodiments in accordance with the invention, at the ends of each of the guides of the coupling arms, one or more conventional filtering cells (not shown) are provided for eliminating any residual frequencies that would be outside the the bandwidth to be coupled relative to the arms 24B and which must pass only longitudinally through the section 24.

Le profil du tronçon de couplage 28 du coupleur 29 de la figure 7, considéré depuis le port P1 jusqu'au port P2, se compose d'une spline 30 suivie d'un segment linéaire 31. L'équation définissant la spline 30 peut avoir diverses formes à condition que, comme précisé ci-dessus, le diamètre de la partie correspondante du tronçon 28 soit constamment décroissant depuis le port de plus grande section jusqu'au port de plus petite section, ou plus précisément jusqu'à la jonction avec la partie définie par le profil 31.The profile of the coupling section 28 of the coupler 29 of the figure 7 , considered from the port P1 to the port P2, consists of a spline 30 followed by a linear segment 31. The equation defining the spline 30 can have various forms provided that, as specified above, the diameter the corresponding portion of the section 28 is constantly decreasing from the port of greater section to the port of smaller section, or more precisely until the junction with the portion defined by the profile 31.

Le coupleur 32 de la figure 8 comporte un tronçon de couplage 33 dont le profil se compose de deux splines successives différentes 34, 35 répondant chacune aux mêmes conditions que la spline 30 de la figure 7. Il est bien entendu que le profil du tronçon de couplage du coupleur de l'invention peut comporter plus de deux splines. Le nombre de splines découle des tailles des bandes passantes à coupler (pourcentage de bande relative), du nombre de bandes passantes à coupler et de leur éloignement fréquentiel des unes par rapport aux autres. La possibilité de réaliser mécaniquement le coupleur peut aussi venir limiter ce nombre de splines : un compromis sera alors nécessaire. A titre d'exemple, une fonction sinus carré a été utilisée pour définir la spline 35 dans un coupleur réalisé pour coupler la bande L et séparer les bandes C et Ku. Cette spline définissait une zone de court-circuit favorisant le couplage des bandes basses (L) et une bonne adaptation des bandes plus hautes (C et Ku) se propageant au travers du coupleur. La spline 34 assurant le couplage était un polynôme d'ordre 1 (profil linéaire).The coupler 32 of the figure 8 comprises a coupling section 33 whose profile consists of two different successive splines 34, 35 each satisfying the same conditions as the spline 30 of the figure 7 . It is understood that the profile of the coupling section of the coupler of the invention may comprise more than two splines. The number of splines results from the sizes of the bandwidths to be coupled (percentage of relative band), the number of bandwidths to be coupled and their frequency distance from each other. The possibility of mechanically making the coupler can also limit this number of splines: a compromise will then be necessary. For example, a sine squared function was used to define the spline in a coupler made to couple the L band and separate the C and Ku bands. This spline defined a zone of short-circuit favoring the coupling of the low bands (L) and a good adaptation of the bands more high (C and Ku) propagating through the coupler. The spline 34 providing the coupling was a first order polynomial (linear profile).

Selon un exemple de réalisation non limitatif, le coupleur de l'invention traite les sous-bandes larges Ku et Ka aussi bien en émission qu'en réception (fonction de couplage et de séparation du coupleur), que ce soit en polarisation linéaire ou en polarisation circulaire, ce qui donne au total quatre sous-bandes, comme suit. En bande Ku, la bande de fréquences émises s'étend de 10,95 à 12,75 GHz et la bande de fréquences reçues s'étend de 13,75 à 14,5 GHz. En bande Ka, la bande de fréquences émises s'étend de 17,7 à 20,2 GHz et la bande de fréquences reçues s'étend de 27,5 à 30 GHz. Le plus petit guide d'onde circulaire connu étant le C890 (rayon = 1,194 mm), les plus petits coupleurs peuvent être réalisés en électrodéposition ou électroformage si l'usinage classique en limite la réalisation. La complexité de la loi polynomiale des tronçons doit être choisie de sorte à prendre en compte les contraintes du cahier des charges tout en ne contraignant pas trop la possibilité de réalisation. Un tel coupleur peut donc être qualifié de « très large bande », puisque la bande totale de fréquences couverte (de 10,95 à 30 GHz) s'étend sur plus d'une octave. Dans cet exemple, les signaux de la bande Ka sont à polarisation circulaire (droite et gauche en émission et en réception), et ceux de la bande Ku sont à polarisation linéaire (orthogonales horizontales et verticales en émission et en réception). La totalité de la bande Ku (émission et réception) passe par les quatre bras de couplage du corps de couplage et représente 27,9% de bande relative couplée, tandis que la bande Ka traversant le coupleur représente 51,6% de bande relative séparée. Le pourcentage de bande relative PBR est défini de la manière suivante : P BR = F ⁢ max - F ⁢ min F ⁢ moy ,

Figure imgb0001
ce qui donne pour la bande Ku : P BR = F ⁢ max - F ⁢ min F ⁢ moy = 14.5 ⁢ GHz - 10.95 ⁢ GHz 12.725 ⁢ GHz ≈ 27.9 %
Figure imgb0002
 According to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment, the coupler of the invention processes the broad Ku and Ka subbands both in transmission and in reception (coupling and separation function of the coupler), whether in linear polarization or in circular polarization, giving a total of four subbands, as follows. In the Ku-band, the transmitted frequency band ranges from 10.95 to 12.75 GHz and the received frequency band ranges from 13.75 to 14.5 GHz. In Ka-band, the transmitted frequency band ranges from 17.7 to 20.2 GHz and the received frequency band ranges from 27.5 to 30 GHz. Since the smallest known circular waveguide is the C890 (radius = 1.194 mm), the smallest couplers can be made in electroplating or electroforming if the conventional machining limits its realization. The complexity of the polynomial law of the sections must be chosen so as to take into account the constraints of the specifications while not constraining the possibility of realization. Such a coupler can therefore be described as "very wide band", since the total frequency band covered (from 10.95 to 30 GHz) extends over more than one octave. In this example, the signals of the band Ka are circularly polarized (right and left in transmission and reception), and those of the Ku band are linearly polarized (orthogonal horizontal and vertical emission and reception). The entire Ku (transmit and receive) band passes through the four coupling arms of the coupling body and represents 27.9% of coupled relative band, while the Ka band crossing the coupler represents 51.6% of separate relative band . The relative band percentage P BR is defined as follows: P BR = F ⁢ max - F ⁢ min F ⁢ Avg ,
Figure imgb0001
 which gives for the Ku band: P BR = F ⁢ max - F ⁢ min F ⁢ Avg = 14.5 ⁢ GHz - 10.95 ⁢ GHz 12.725 ⁢ GHz ≈ 27.9 %
Figure imgb0002

La distance entre la ou les bandes basses à coupler et la ou les bandes hautes à propager au travers du coupleur-séparateur (ici de 14.5 à 17.7 GHz c'est-à-dire l'interbande entre Ku et Ka) indique si le coupleur est réalisable. Cette distance fréquentielle ne doit pas être trop petite, sinon il y a risque de coupler aussi le début des bandes les plus hautes. L'utilisation d'un filtre sélectif (iris hyperfréquences à contour circulaire d'épaisseur définie comportant un évidement en forme de croix), placé entre le tronçon de couplage et le tronçon de blocage ou juste après le tronçon de blocage, peut aider dans le cas ou les bandes passantes à coupler et à séparer sont très proches. Ce coupleur permet de n'utiliser qu'une seule antenne très large bande pour la transmission (émission et réception) des quatre sous-bandes.The distance between the low band (s) to be coupled and the high band (s) to be propagated through the splitter-splitter (here from 14.5 to 17.7 GHz, ie the interband between Ku and Ka) indicates whether the coupler is achievable. This frequency distance should not be too small, otherwise there is a risk of coupling also the beginning of the highest bands. The use of a selective filter (microwave iris with circular contour of defined thickness having a cross-shaped recess), placed between the coupling section and the blocking section or just after the blocking section, can help in the where bandwidths to be coupled and separated are very close. This coupler makes it possible to use only one very broadband antenna for transmission (transmission and reception) of the four sub-bands.

Claims (5)

  1. Coupler/separator for multi-band transmission/reception with a very broad band of the orthomode coupler type (OMT) for ultra-high frequency telecommunications antennae, comprising a port for propagation of all the frequencies (P1), a member (24, 28, 33) and a port for propagation of high frequency bands (P2), these three portions being coaxial and all three having a circular cross-section, and coupling apertures for the propagation of low frequency bands (24A, 28A, 33A) which are produced in the member and which are each associated with a wave guide (24B, 28B, 33B), characterised in that the member thereof (24, 18, 33) which joins the two ports comprises at least one section which comprises a coupling portion and a portion for blocking low frequencies, that is to say, the coupled frequencies, and which has a shape generated by means of revolution, whose profile develops in accordance with a multi-polynomial law which constantly decreases from the port having the largest cross-section to the port having the smallest cross-section, each coupling portion comprising two or four broad band coupling apertures.
  2. Coupler according to claim 1, characterised in that the profile comprises at least two linear portions (26, 27) having different gradients with respect to the common axis of the three portions of the coupler.
  3. Coupler according to claim 1, characterised in that the profile comprises at least one spline (30) followed by a linear segment (31).
  4. Coupler according to claim 1, characterised in that the profile comprises at least two different successive splines (34, 35).
  5. Coupler according to claim 1, characterised in that the profile comprises a cascading arrangement of a plurality of assemblies which are each composed of a linear coupling portion or spline having two or four coupling apertures followed by a linear portion or spline without any coupling aperture.
EP08803722.1A 2007-09-07 2008-09-05 Omt type broadband multiband transmission-reception coupler-separator for rf frequency telecommuncations antennas Active EP2195877B1 (en)

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FR0706284A FR2920915B1 (en) 2007-09-07 2007-09-07 OMT TYPE BROADBAND MULTIBAND MULTIBAND TRANSCEIVER SEPARATOR - SEPARATOR FOR MICROWAVE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANTENNAS.
PCT/EP2008/061753 WO2009030737A1 (en) 2007-09-07 2008-09-05 Omt type broadband multiband transmission-reception coupler-separator for rf frequency telecommuncations antennas

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