EP2192372B1 - Cross-flow heat exchanger - Google Patents
Cross-flow heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2192372B1 EP2192372B1 EP09176897.8A EP09176897A EP2192372B1 EP 2192372 B1 EP2192372 B1 EP 2192372B1 EP 09176897 A EP09176897 A EP 09176897A EP 2192372 B1 EP2192372 B1 EP 2192372B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- heat exchanger
- cross
- flow heat
- exchanger according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
- F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
- F28F1/128—Fins with openings, e.g. louvered fins
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
- F28F21/067—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
- F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
- F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
- F28F9/182—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding the heat-exchange conduits having ends with a particular shape, e.g. deformed; the heat-exchange conduits or end plates having supplementary joining means, e.g. abutments
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cross-flow heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, with tubes which are flowed through by a medium and flowed around by another medium, with at least one collecting box into which the tubes open, and with guide elements which are arranged between the tubes.
- Cross-flow heat exchangers can be made entirely of metal, for example aluminum, or of plastic. There are also heat exchangers in which the plastic collecting tank and the heat exchanger block with the tubes and the corrugated fins are formed of metal. From the German disclosure documents DE 37 33 866 A1 and DE 42 44 017 A1 Heat exchangers are known with plastic water tanks, metal pipes and laminations. From the German patent application DE 100 20 798 A1 is a heat exchanger with a tube bundle is known, which is formed solely of flexible plastic tubes. The tubes are made by extruding a polyamide. Spacers hold the tubes at a selected distance.
- German patent DE 44 11 745 C1 is a heat exchanger with a variety of heat exchanger tubes known from polytetrafluoroethylene, which are used in the end in tube sheets of polyfluoroalkyl.
- German patent application DE 10 2005 050 293 A1 is a mat-shaped heat exchanger known by flowing through a heating or cooling medium flexible plastic pipes.
- the mat-shaped heat exchanger is usually attached to a ceiling, a wall or on a floor and then covered by a thin plaster or screed layer.
- the use of a contact with the plastic pipes in contact aluminum foil allows a greater distance between the plastic pipes.
- Other heat exchangers with parts made of plastic are from the German patents DE 42 29 393 A1 .
- DE 43 38 959 A1 and DE 195 43 740 A1 are from the German patents DE 42 29 393 A1 .
- DE 42 38 742 A1 DE 43 38 959 A1 and DE 195 43 740 A1
- the object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1, which is inexpensive to produce and has a relatively high efficiency.
- the object is in a cross-flow heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, with tubes which are flowed through by a medium and are circulated by another medium, with at least one collecting box into which the tubes open, and with guide elements which are arranged between the tubes, achieved in that the collecting tank and the pipes made of plastic and the guide elements are formed of metal.
- the collecting box can be designed, for example, essentially in the shape of a cuboid or a circular cylinder jacket, that is to say as a collecting tube.
- the collection box can also have a different shape and is therefore referred to its function as a collector.
- the tubes, which together with the guide elements, in particular corrugated fins, form the heat exchanger block extend between two substantially identical or similar collection boxes.
- the heat exchanger block pipes made of plastic with guide elements, in particular corrugated fins, made of metal combined.
- the heat exchanger according to the invention is easier and less expensive to produce compared to an aluminum heat exchanger.
- the heat exchanger according to the invention requires about the same space and has similar air and coolant side pressure drops.
- the plastic pipes are welded to the collecting box made of plastic.
- the pipe ends are welded to a bottom of the header tank.
- the collecting box can be made in one piece and in several parts.
- the individual parts of the collecting tank are preferably welded together and to the ground. As a result, a high density can be achieved.
- a further preferred embodiment of the cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that the tubes and / or the collecting box are formed from at least one plastic of the following group: chlorinated polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyphenylene oxides (PPO ), Polyetherimides (PI), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), self-reinforcing polymer (SRF), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silane-modified and / or cross-linked polypropylene (PP) , Silane-modified and / or cross-linked high density polyethylene (PE-HD), perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA), polyphthalamide (PPA), polyamide (PA XXX), polysulfun (PSF), polyimide (PI).
- PE
- the tubes and the collecting box are formed from the same material.
- the production and / or welding of the individual parts are facilitated with each other.
- the pipes and the collection box can also be formed of different materials. It is also possible to form individual tubes or tube groups from different materials when the individual tubes or tube groups come into contact with different materials or are exposed to different temperatures.
- the tubes are formed from a plastic which is filled with heat-conducting fillers.
- heat-conducting fillers for example, metal powders, graphite or ceramics have proven advantageous as fillers.
- the thermal conductivity can be significantly increased.
- the collecting box comprises a bottom with through-holes whose peripheral edge forms a stop for the tubes.
- the bottom of the header represents the interface to the tubes.
- the bottom may be integrally connected to the header.
- the floor is designed as a separate part, which is materially connected to the collection box.
- the through holes are preferably adapted to the shape of the pipe ends. That is, the through holes preferably have the same cross section as the pipe ends inside.
- the peripheral edge forms a stop during assembly of the tubes.
- peripheral edge is bordered by a circumferential collar into which the tubes are inserted with their ends.
- the collar increases the contact area between the pipe ends and the floor.
- the collars are welded to the tube ends. As a result, a tight connection between the pipe ends and the bottom or the collecting box is produced in a simple manner.
- the tubes are designed as flat tubes.
- the flat tubes preferably have the shape of a slot in cross-section.
- the tubes may also have a round or an angular cross-section.
- the tubes are extruded.
- the tubes can be provided inside and / or outside with a cross-sectional profile.
- the tubes each have at least one inner web.
- the tubes are divided in cross section into several channels.
- the webs serve to significantly increase the rigidity of the tubes.
- Another preferred embodiment of the cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that the tubes are positively connected to the guide elements and / or partially surrounded by the plastic material of the tubes. This creates a stable connection between the vanes and the tubes. This connection is achieved, for example, by using the pipes, for example with the help of of heating plates and heating elements, are heated prior to assembly with the guide elements. After heating, the heat exchanger block is pressed together with the preheated tubes and vanes.
- the guide elements are designed as corrugated ribs with bending or bending points.
- the corrugated fins are preferably folded in a known manner substantially zigzag and formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that in the region of the bending or bending points in each case at least one tab is bent out of the corrugated rib, which, at least partially, is arranged in the associated pipe.
- cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that in the region of the bending or bending points in each case at least one opening is provided, which is penetrated by the pipe material.
- the opening can, at least partially, be enclosed by a ring.
- the preferably heated plastic material presses through the opening during compression of the heat exchanger block, so that an undercut is created.
- the heat exchanger 1 comprises two header tanks 2 and 3, which have an approximately semicircular cross-section, and are therefore also referred to as manifolds. These collecting tanks 2, 3 can also have a different shape and serve in a known manner to collect a medium to be cooled or to be heated. Therefore, the headers 2, 3 are also referred to as collectors.
- the collecting box 2 For feeding and discharging the medium, the collecting box 2 has two connecting pieces 4, 5, which are preferably connected in one piece with the collecting box 2.
- a heat exchanger block 8 with tubes 10, 11, 12, which are designed as flat tubes. Between two tubes in each case a guide element 13, 14 is arranged in the form of a corrugated fin in a known manner.
- the heat exchanger 1 may in a known manner also have only one collection box into which the tubes open at one end when the tubes are provided at their other ends with a likewise known deflection.
- arrows 15, 16, 17 are in FIG. 1 the expansion directions of the heat exchanger 1 in the depth 15, in the width 16 and the height 17 indicated.
- the expansion the heat exchanger 1 in the width 16 corresponds to the longitudinal extent or longitudinal direction of the collecting tanks 2, 3rd
- the in the Figures 1 and 2 shown heat exchanger 1 is also referred to as a heat exchanger and is designed as Kreuzströmer.
- a coolant is collected and passed through the tubes 10 to 12.
- the guide elements 13, 14 between the tubes 10 to 12 flows in cross-flow to the coolant, for example, air.
- the air is either cooled or heated.
- the heat exchanger 1 is preferably used as a coolant radiator, radiator, oil and ⁇ hlenk Anlagenkühler, evaporator or condenser in the automotive field.
- the medium, such as refrigerant or coolant in the collecting box 2 can be deflected by a partition 20. The medium can be deflected into the collecting tanks 2, 3 both in the depth 15 and in the width 16 of the heat exchanger 1.
- the tubes 10 to 12 and the collecting tanks 2, 3 are made of plastic.
- the guide elements 13, 14 are not made of plastic but of metal, preferably of aluminum or of an aluminum alloy.
- the plastic parts of the heat exchanger 1 are produced for example by injection molding or gas injection molding and / or extrusion.
- the plastic parts are then joined by a suitable welding method in a simple manner cohesively or connected to each other.
- Various measures are provided by the present invention as to how the metal baffles 13, 14 can be interconnected with the header boxes 2, 3 and the plastic pipes 10 through 12 in a suitable manner. These measures concern in particular the shape of the joining partners and a special joining method.
- the collecting boxes 2, 3 and / or the tubes 10 to 12 are preferably formed from a plastic which is resistant to a water-glycol mixture.
- the plastic used preferably has a very high aging, hydrolysis and permeation resistance in the coolant.
- the plastic used can withstand pressures of up to 6 bar and temperatures of up to 135 degrees Celsius.
- a thermoplastic is preferably used as the plastic.
- the plastic used with heat-conducting fillers, such as metal powder, graphite or ceramic.
- fillers with the abbreviations BN, SiC, Beo, AlN and Al-oxides are mentioned.
- the thermal conductivity of about 0.25 watts / (meter Kelvin) can be increased to about 2 to 30 watts / (meters Kelvin).
- the collection box 2 is shown in different views.
- the collecting box 2 may be formed from two half shells, for example by injection molding or gas injection injection molding, in several parts, in particular in two parts. The two half-shells are then welded.
- the interior of the collecting tank 2 is in FIG. 4 designated 22.
- the collection box interior 22 is delimited by a first collection box wall 23 and a second collection box wall 24.
- the two Sammelkastenwandungen 23, 24 may also be referred to as half shells.
- the collection box wall 23 is integral with the Bottom of the header 2 connected.
- the bottom of the header tank 2 has a plurality of parallel slots or through holes 25.
- the through hole 25 is bounded by a peripheral edge 26 which forms a stop when inserting the tube 10.
- the peripheral edge 26, which delimits the through hole 25, is in turn enclosed by a collar 28 which projects at right angles from the collecting box wall 23.
- the tube 10 comprises a tube wall 31, which has the shape of a slot in cross-section and rests flush against the peripheral edge 26 of the through hole 25.
- the thickness of the pipe wall 31 corresponds to the extent of the peripheral edge 26 of the collar 28 inwardly.
- the tube height of the tube 10 is in FIG. 4 denoted by 34.
- the through hole 25 has an elongated cross section which corresponds to the cross section of the pipe wall 31 inside. Therefore, the through hole 25 is also referred to as a slot. Through the through hole 25, a connection between the collection box interior 22 and the tube interior 32 is provided.
- the longitudinal axis of the through holes or slots 25 corresponds to the depth direction 15 of the heat exchanger 1.
- the collar 28 grips the tubes 10 at the ends after they have been inserted into the collar 28 to stop the peripheral edge 26.
- the collar 28 is welded after insertion with the associated pipe end, for example by Schuformemia, laser welding or transmission laser welding or vibration welding.
- the components to be welded are simultaneously pressed together or pinched.
- the collar 28 may be provided with an insertion ramp for the tube ends to facilitate the insertion of the tubes.
- a tube 40 is shown, which is designed as a flat tube with a tube wall 41, which has the shape of a slot in cross-section.
- the pipe wall 41 has the shape of a rectangle in cross section, whose short sides are designed as semicircles.
- the channel height is indicated in the tube 40.
- three webs 43, 44, 45 extend perpendicular to the longitudinal sides of the flat tube and divide this into four channels 46, 47, 48, 49, which have approximately the same cross-section.
- the tube 40 with the webs 43 to 45 is preferably produced by extrusion.
- the webs 43 to 45 provide during assembly of the heat exchanger and during operation for a sufficient rigidity of the flat tube 40 and the heat exchanger block with such flat tubes.
- the webs 43 to 45 prevent unwanted collapse of the tube 40 on the long sides of the rectangular cross-section.
- the heat transfer on the inside of the tube 40 is improved by the webs 43 to 45 to a small extent.
- round tubes instead of the flat tubes, 40 round tubes can be used which have a round or oval cross-section.
- the round tubes can also be provided with webs. In the depth direction 15 of the heat exchanger 1 and a plurality of round tubes can be arranged.
- a flat tube 50 is shown in perspective, the flat tube 40 from FIG. 5 similar.
- the flat tube 50 laterally elevations 51, 52 or thickenings, which serve to fix guide elements in a heat exchanger block.
- the flat tubes 40; 50 are also provided with a roughness or ribbing, which extends in the depth direction 15 of the heat exchanger 1. The roughness or ribbing in the depth direction is preferred by extrusion during manufacture of the flat tubes 40; 50 generated.
- the guide elements 13, 14 serve to increase the heat transfer surface on the outside of the tubes 10 to 12, whereby the performance of the heat exchanger 1 can be significantly increased.
- the guide elements 13, 14 can, like conventional corrugated fins, be rolled longitudinally with rolling rolls.
- the corrugated ribs are preferably formed from a multi-folded or shirred thin sheet metal material.
- FIG. 7 is a guide element in the form of a corrugated fin 55 shown in perspective.
- the corrugated fin 55 is bent in a known manner from a band-like sheet material 56 in a zigzag shape. By a double arrow 57, a bending or bending point is indicated.
- the corrugated fin 55 comprises at each kink or bending point an opening 58 which is penetrated during assembly of the corrugated fin of the abutting plastic material of the respective tube. For this purpose, the plastic material from which the tubes are formed is heated prior to or during assembly of the corrugated fins.
- the opening 58 is formed at the bending or bending point of the corrugated fin 50 by two lugs or tabs 59, 60 are bent out of the sheet material 56 at the kink or bending point.
- the tabs or tabs 59, 60 are preferably bent out towards the tube, so that they at least partially penetrate during assembly of the corrugated fin in the plastic material from which the tubes are formed.
- FIG. 9 a corrugated fin 80 is shown, which is provided with an additional ribbing 81 to 83.
- the additional ribs 81, 82, 83, which are bent out of the sheet metal material, are also referred to as gills.
- FIG. 8 a section of a heat exchanger according to another embodiment with tubes 71, 72 and corrugated fins 74, 75 is shown.
- the corrugated fins 74, 75 are modified such that portions or regions 77 of the corrugated fin 74 are bent upwards or downwards in the front and / or rear direction in the depth direction 15 of the heat exchanger at the bending or bending points, after the corrugated fins 74, 75 in FIG these areas were slotted.
- this embodiment can be based on the pre FIG. 7 described tabs or tabs 59, 60 are omitted.
- corrugated fin 100 is shown in various views.
- the corrugated fin 100 comprises, viewed in cross-section, two long legs 101, 102, which are arranged at one end relatively close to each other. The two other ends are connected by a short leg 104.
- the long leg 102 merges at its end remote from the short leg 104 into a further short leg 105.
- a double arrow 108 the extension of the corrugated fin 100 in the depth direction 15 of the heat exchanger 1 is indicated.
- the corrugated fin 100 includes in the region of the short legs 104, 105, a plurality of uniformly spaced openings 110 or through holes, which allow the passage of plastic material when the corrugated fin 100 is pressed during assembly against a preferably heated plastic tube.
- the openings 100 are preferably bordered by a rim 112, which may be continuous.
- the collar 112 is divided into a plurality of rim segments 114, 115.
- the rings 112 preferably extend outwards, that is, toward the respective pipe.
- the wreaths can also be directed inwards.
- the rings 112 may advantageously be inclined to the corrugated fin 100 such that the collar 112 and the corrugated fin 100 are at an angle of about 45 degrees to 135 degrees to each other.
- FIG. 12 a heat exchanger 121 is shown according to a further embodiment, which corresponds to the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment is similar. To designate the same parts, the same reference numerals are used. To avoid repetition, the preceding description of the FIG. 1 directed. In the following, the differences between the individual embodiments will be discussed.
- the in FIG. 12 illustrated heat exchanger 121 includes a heat exchanger block 128 with tubes 131, 132, which are designed as flat tubes. Between two of the tubes 131, 132, of which in FIG. 12 only two are provided with a reference numeral, a guide element 134, 135 is arranged in each case.
- the guide element 135 is shown in different views.
- the guide element 135 is designed as a sheet metal strip 140 with a plurality of slots 141, 142, 143. Through the slots 141 to 143, the guide member 135 is similar to a comb.
- the slots 141 to 143 serve to receive one of the flat tubes 131, 132.
- the border of the slots can be bent out to form indentations 145 which come to rest on the respective tubes. Furthermore, in the region of the slots insertion bevels 146 are provided, which facilitate the insertion of the tubes into the slots.
- the shape of the slots 141 to 143 is preferably adapted to the shape of the tubes 131, 132.
- the metal strips 140 are a total of about as wide and as deep as the heat exchanger. 1
- FIG. 14 is indicated at points 151, 152, that the indentations 145 and insertion bevels 146 in an advantageous manner after joining with the tube can be folded so that a subsequent release of the metal strip 140 is prevented from the pipe.
- the metal strips 140 may moreover have surface-enlarging and / or heat transfer-increasing profilings, such as knobs or ribs / gills, which can also serve as spacers of the metal strips 140 to each other.
- the assembly of the heat exchanger 1; 121 is preferably carried out as follows: First, the tubes, in particular flat tubes, 10 to 12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132 cassetted. Subsequently, the headers 2, 3 are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the flat tubes in the correct position. Then the guide devices or guide elements 13, 14; 134, 135 introduced. If the guide elements as corrugated ribs 55; 74, 75; 80; 100 are executed, then these corrugated fins are placed between the tubes. Previously, the tubes can be heated by means of hot plates.
- the heat exchanger block thus formed is compressed in the width direction 16.
- the corrugated ribs are connected to the pipes.
- the flaps 59, 60 or rings 112 formed on the corrugated ribs penetrate into the pipe wall, which, in addition to improving the fixation, also leads to an improvement in the thermal conductivity.
- the through holes 110 in the corrugated fins 100 also provide the advantage that the heated plastic material penetrates the corrugated fin 100 and trailing behind. This allows a hooking or a positive connection between the corrugated fin 100 and the associated pipe.
- the up / down bent portions or portions 77 provide the necessary support between corrugated fin 74, 75 and tube 71, 72. It is also possible, conventional Corrugated ribs to be used, which are glued to the plastic pipes and / or hot pressed in the width direction 16 of the heat exchanger.
- connection between the plastic pipes 10 to 12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132 with the collecting boxes 2, 3 is preferably initiated by heating the partners to be joined.
- the heating takes place for example via Schuformmaschine.
- the joining partners can be crimped or crimped together at the joint in the warm state in the height and / or width and / or depth direction 17, 15, 16 of the heat exchanger. Welding of the joining partners, for example by means of transmission laser welding, or gluing is also possible.
- Plastics and processes for the production of, in particular, cross-flow heat exchangers are advantageous, for example silane-modified and crosslinked high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP) being advantageous.
- low viscose matrix polymers are advantageous, such as liquid crystalline polymers (LCP), ETPE, HDPE / GF compound, PP / GF coumpound.
- LCP liquid crystalline polymers
- ETPE liquid crystalline polymers
- HDPE / GF compound PP / GF coumpound
- the HDPE or PP can be crosslinked by silane crosslinking technology. This allows the Continuous use temperature of the crosslinked polymer matrix can be increased to about 160 ° C.
- the crosslinking of HDPE or PP leads to a significant improvement in the material properties and in particular the mechanical properties, which significantly extends the application possibilities of these cost-effective polyolefin materials.
- the cross-linked materials are characterized by an increased impact strength, improved heat distortion resistance, increased chemical resistance and high fillability.
- Silane cross-linking is most important for producing cross-linked polymer:
- free radicals are formed by the thermal decomposition of organic peroxides. This process takes place during material preparation.
- the hydrogen atoms of polyethylene macromolecules are abstracted by the radicals.
- HDPE and PP generation are practiced in a two-stage process.
- Suitable fillers are inorganic fillers, such as. SiC: BeO; BN; Al 2 O 3 ; ZnO; B 4 O 3 ; Glass; SiO 2 , BP, MgO, AlN, carbon black, etc.
- Surface treatment of the inorganic filler particle and the glass fiber is carried out by means of the coupling reagents, e.g. For example, titanic acid or alkyl silane.
- thermoplastics takes place in the development phase in the form of a two-stage process.
- the grafting of the organosilane is carried out on the polymer, in the second step then the dynamic compounding of the thermoplastics and filler particles.
- VTMOS condensable vinyltrimethoxysilane
- VTEOS vinyltriethoxysilane
- HDPE / PP 100phr Silane VTMOS or VTEOS: 0.5 ⁇ 6 phr; preferably 2.3- 3.0 phr DCUP * (DHBP **): 0.05 -0.5 phr; preferably 0.1-0.2 phr Master Bach: Thermostabilizer (Iganox 1010) 0.1 phr + DBTL (dibutyltin dilaurate (0.1-5 phr, preferably 0.2-0.3 phr) *: Dicumyl peroxide **: 2, 5-Dmethyl-2,5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane
- the gel content of the silane-crosslinked polymer is between 60-85%, for higher operating conditions between 85-98%.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauscher für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit Rohren, die von einem Medium durchströmt und von einem weiteren Medium umströmt werden, mit mindestens einem Sammelkasten, in den die Rohre münden, und mit Leitelementen, die zwischen den Rohren angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a cross-flow heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, with tubes which are flowed through by a medium and flowed around by another medium, with at least one collecting box into which the tubes open, and with guide elements which are arranged between the tubes.
Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauscher können komplett aus Metall, zum Beispiel Aluminium, oder aus Kunststoff hergestellt werden. Es gibt auch Wärmetauscher, bei denen der Sammelkasten aus Kunststoff und der Wärmetauscherblock mit den Rohren und den Wellrippen aus Metall gebildet sind. Aus den deutschen Offenlegungsschriften
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Wärmetauscher gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 zu schaffen, der kostengünstig herstellbar ist und einen relativ hohen Wirkungsgrad aufweist.The object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger according to the preamble of
Die Aufgabe ist bei einem Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauscher für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit Rohren, die von einem Medium durchströmt und von einem weiteren Medium umströmt werden, mit mindestens einem Sammelkasten, in den die Rohre münden, und mit Leitelementen, die zwischen den Rohren angeordnet sind, dadurch gelöst, dass der Sammelkasten und die Rohre aus Kunststoff und die Leitelemente aus Metall gebildet sind. Der Sammelkasten kann zum Beispiel im Wesentlichen quaderförmig oder kreiszylindermantelförmig, das heißt als Sammelrohr, ausgeführt sein. Der Sammelkasten kann aber auch eine andere Gestalt aufweisen und wird daher nach seiner Funktion auch als Sammler bezeichnet. Vorzugsweise erstrecken sich die Rohre, die zusammen mit den Leitelementen, insbesondere Wellrippen, den Wärmetauscherblock bilden, zwischen zwei im Wesentlichen gleich oder ähnlich ausgeführten Sammelkästen. Gemäß einem wesentlichen Aspekt der Erfindung sind in dem Wärmetauscherblock Rohre aus Kunststoff mit Leitelementen, insbesondere Wellrippen, aus Metall kombiniert. Der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher ist im Vergleich zu einem Aluminium-Wärmetauscher leichter und kostengünstiger herzustellen. Dabei benötigt der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher etwa den gleichen Bauraum und weist ähnliche luft- und kühlmittelseitige Druckabfälle auf. Durch die Leitelemente, insbesondere Wellrippen, aus Metall, insbesondere Aluminium, können unerwünscht große Leistungseinbußen gegenüber Aluminium-Wärmetauschern verhindert werden.The object is in a cross-flow heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, with tubes which are flowed through by a medium and are circulated by another medium, with at least one collecting box into which the tubes open, and with guide elements which are arranged between the tubes, achieved in that the collecting tank and the pipes made of plastic and the guide elements are formed of metal. The collecting box can be designed, for example, essentially in the shape of a cuboid or a circular cylinder jacket, that is to say as a collecting tube. The collection box can also have a different shape and is therefore referred to its function as a collector. Preferably, the tubes, which together with the guide elements, in particular corrugated fins, form the heat exchanger block, extend between two substantially identical or similar collection boxes. According to an essential aspect of the invention In the heat exchanger block pipes made of plastic with guide elements, in particular corrugated fins, made of metal combined. The heat exchanger according to the invention is easier and less expensive to produce compared to an aluminum heat exchanger. The heat exchanger according to the invention requires about the same space and has similar air and coolant side pressure drops. By the guide elements, in particular corrugated fins, made of metal, in particular aluminum, undesirably high performance losses compared to aluminum heat exchangers can be prevented.
Erfindungsgemäß sind die Rohre aus Kunststoff mit dem Sammelkasten aus Kunststoff verschweißt. Die Rohrenden sind mit einem Boden des Sammelkastens verschweißt. Der Sammelkasten kann einteilig und mehrteilig ausgeführt sein. Die einzelnen Teile des Sammelkastens sind vorzugsweise miteinander und mit dem Boden verschweißt. Dadurch kann eine hohe Dichtigkeit erreicht werden.According to the plastic pipes are welded to the collecting box made of plastic. The pipe ends are welded to a bottom of the header tank. The collecting box can be made in one piece and in several parts. The individual parts of the collecting tank are preferably welded together and to the ground. As a result, a high density can be achieved.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauschers ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohre und/oder der Sammelkasten aus mindestens einem Kunststoff der folgenden Gruppe gebildet sind: Chloriertes Polyethylen (PE), Polypropylen (PP), Polyvinylidenfluorid (PVDF), Polyphenylene Oxide (PPO), Polyetherimide (PI), Tetrafluorethylen/Hexafluorpropylen-Copolymerisat (FEP), Polyphenylensulfid (PPS), Self-reinforce Polymer (SRF), Polyaryletherketon (PEEK), Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE), Silan-modifiziertes und/oder vernetztes Polypropylen (PP), Silan-modifiziertes und/oder vernetztes Polyethylen hoher Dichte (PE-HD), Perfluoralkoxy-Copolymerisat (PFA), Polyphtalamid (PPA), Polyamid (PA XXX), Polysolfun (PSF), Polyimid (PI). Diese Kunststoffe haben sich im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen. Vorteilhaft sind die Rohre und der Sammelkasten aus dem gleichen Werkstoff gebildet. Dadurch werden die Herstellung und/oder das Verschweißen der einzelnen Teile miteinander erleichtert. Die Rohre und der Sammelkasten können aber auch aus unterschiedlichen Materialien gebildet sein. Es ist auch möglich, einzelne Rohre oder Rohrgruppen aus unterschiedlichen Materialien zu bilden, wenn die einzelnen Rohre oder Rohrgruppen mit unterschiedlichen Materialien in Kontakt kommen oder unterschiedlichen Temperaturen ausgesetzt sind.A further preferred embodiment of the cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that the tubes and / or the collecting box are formed from at least one plastic of the following group: chlorinated polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyphenylene oxides (PPO ), Polyetherimides (PI), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), self-reinforcing polymer (SRF), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silane-modified and / or cross-linked polypropylene (PP) , Silane-modified and / or cross-linked high density polyethylene (PE-HD), perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA), polyphthalamide (PPA), polyamide (PA XXX), polysulfun (PSF), polyimide (PI). These plastics have proven to be particularly advantageous in the context of the present invention. Advantageously, the tubes and the collecting box are formed from the same material. As a result, the production and / or welding of the individual parts are facilitated with each other. But the pipes and the collection box can also be formed of different materials. It is also possible to form individual tubes or tube groups from different materials when the individual tubes or tube groups come into contact with different materials or are exposed to different temperatures.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauschers ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohre aus einem Kunststoff gebildet sind, der mit wärmeleitenden Füllstoffen gefüllt ist. Als Füllstoffe haben sich im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zum Beispiel Metallpulver, Graphit oder Keramik als vorteilhaft herausgestellt. Je nach Anordnung beziehungsweise Ausrichtung der Füllstoffe im Grundmaterial kann die Wärmeleitfähigkeit deutlich erhöht werden.Another preferred embodiment of the cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that the tubes are formed from a plastic which is filled with heat-conducting fillers. In the context of the present invention, for example, metal powders, graphite or ceramics have proven advantageous as fillers. Depending on the arrangement or orientation of the fillers in the base material, the thermal conductivity can be significantly increased.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst der Sammelkasten einen Boden mit Durchgangslöchern, deren Umfangsrand einen Anschlag für die Rohre bildet. Der Boden des Sammelkastens stellt die Schnittstelle zu den Rohren dar. Der Boden kann einstückig mit dem Sammelkasten verbunden sein. Vorzugsweise ist der Boden jedoch als separates Teil ausgeführt, das stoffschlüssig mit dem Sammelkasten verbunden wird. Die Durchgangslöcher sind vorzugsweise an die Gestalt der Rohrenden angepasst. Das heißt, die Durchgangslöcher haben vorzugsweise den gleichen Querschnitt wie die Rohrenden innen. Somit bildet der Umfangsrand bei der Montage der Rohre einen Anschlag.According to the invention, the collecting box comprises a bottom with through-holes whose peripheral edge forms a stop for the tubes. The bottom of the header represents the interface to the tubes. The bottom may be integrally connected to the header. Preferably, however, the floor is designed as a separate part, which is materially connected to the collection box. The through holes are preferably adapted to the shape of the pipe ends. That is, the through holes preferably have the same cross section as the pipe ends inside. Thus, the peripheral edge forms a stop during assembly of the tubes.
Erfindungsgemäß ist der Umfangsrand durch einen umlaufenden Kragen eingefasst, in den die Rohre mit ihren Enden eingesteckt sind. Durch den Kragen wird die Kontaktfläche zwischen den Rohrenden und dem Boden vergrößert.According to the peripheral edge is bordered by a circumferential collar into which the tubes are inserted with their ends. The collar increases the contact area between the pipe ends and the floor.
Erfindungsgemäß sind die Kragen mit den Rohrenden verschweißt. Dadurch wird auf einfache Art und Weise eine dichte Verbindung zwischen den Rohrenden und dem Boden beziehungsweise dem Sammelkasten hergestellt.According to the invention, the collars are welded to the tube ends. As a result, a tight connection between the pipe ends and the bottom or the collecting box is produced in a simple manner.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauschers ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohre als Flachrohre ausgeführt sind. Die Flachrohre haben im Querschnitt vorzugsweise die Gestalt eines Langlochs. Alternativ können die Rohre aber auch einen runden oder einen eckigen Querschnitt aufweisen.Another preferred embodiment of the cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that the tubes are designed as flat tubes. The flat tubes preferably have the shape of a slot in cross-section. Alternatively, however, the tubes may also have a round or an angular cross-section.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauschers ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohre extrudiert sind. Beim Extrudieren können die Rohre innen und/oder außen mit einem Querschnittsprofil versehen werden.Another preferred embodiment of the cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that the tubes are extruded. When extruding, the tubes can be provided inside and / or outside with a cross-sectional profile.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauschers ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohre jeweils mindestens einen inneren Steg aufweisen. Durch den Steg werden die Rohre im Querschnitt in mehrere Kanäle unterteilt. Gemäß einem wesentlichen Aspekt der Erfindung dienen die Stege jedoch dazu, die Steifigkeit der Rohre deutlich zu erhöhen.Another preferred embodiment of the cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that the tubes each have at least one inner web. Through the web, the tubes are divided in cross section into several channels. However, according to one essential aspect of the invention, the webs serve to significantly increase the rigidity of the tubes.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauschers ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohre formschlüssig mit den Leitelementen verbunden und/oder teilweise von dem Kunststoffmaterial der Rohre umgeben sind. Dadurch wird eine stabile Verbindung zwischen den Leitelementen und den Rohren geschaffen. Diese Verbindung wird zum Beispiel dadurch erreicht, dass die Rohre, zum Beispiel mit Hilfe von Heizplatten und Heizelementen, vor dem Zusammenfügen mit den Leitelementen erwärmt werden. Nach dem Erwärmen wird der Wärmetauscherblock mit den vorgewärmten Rohren und den Leitelementen zusammengepresst.Another preferred embodiment of the cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that the tubes are positively connected to the guide elements and / or partially surrounded by the plastic material of the tubes. This creates a stable connection between the vanes and the tubes. This connection is achieved, for example, by using the pipes, for example with the help of of heating plates and heating elements, are heated prior to assembly with the guide elements. After heating, the heat exchanger block is pressed together with the preheated tubes and vanes.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauschers ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leitelemente als Wellrippen mit Biege- oder Knickstellen ausgeführt sind. Die Wellrippen sind vorzugsweise in bekannter Art und Weise im Wesentlichen zickzackförmig gefaltet und aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung gebildet.Another preferred embodiment of the cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that the guide elements are designed as corrugated ribs with bending or bending points. The corrugated fins are preferably folded in a known manner substantially zigzag and formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauschers ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich der Biege- oder Knickstellen jeweils mindestens eine Lasche aus der Wellrippe herausgebogen ist, die, zumindest teilweise, in dem zugehörigen Rohr angeordnet ist. Durch das Eindringen der Lasche aus Metall in das vorzugsweise vorgewärmte Kunststoffmaterial, aus dem das zugehörige Rohr gebildet ist, wird ein stabiler Verbund zwischen Rohr und Wellrippe geschaffen. Es ist auch möglich, dass die Lasche sich bis in den Innenraum des Rohres hinein erstreckt.Another preferred embodiment of the cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that in the region of the bending or bending points in each case at least one tab is bent out of the corrugated rib, which, at least partially, is arranged in the associated pipe. By the penetration of the metal tab in the preferably preheated plastic material from which the associated tube is formed, a stable bond between the tube and corrugated fin is created. It is also possible that the tab extends into the interior of the tube.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kreuzstrom-Wärmetauschers ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich der Biege- oder Knickstellen jeweils mindestens eine Öffnung vorgesehen ist, die von dem Rohrmaterial durchdrungen ist. Die Öffnung kann, zumindest teilweise, durch einen Kranz eingefasst sein. Das vorzugsweise erwärmte Kunststoffmaterial drückt sich beim Zusammenpressen des Wärmetauscherblocks durch die Öffnung hindurch, so dass ein Hinterschnitt geschaffen wird. Dadurch kann auf einfache Art und Weise eine stabile Verbindung zwischen dem Rohr und der Wellrippe geschaffen werden.Another preferred embodiment of the cross-flow heat exchanger is characterized in that in the region of the bending or bending points in each case at least one opening is provided, which is penetrated by the pipe material. The opening can, at least partially, be enclosed by a ring. The preferably heated plastic material presses through the opening during compression of the heat exchanger block, so that an undercut is created. As a result, a stable connection between the pipe and the corrugated fin can be created in a simple manner.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele im Einzelnen beschrieben sind. Es zeigen:
Figur 1- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers;
Figur 2- den
Wärmetauscher aus Figur 1 im Schnitt; Figur 3- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Sammelkastens des Wärmetauschers aus
den Figuren 1 und 2 ; Figur 4- eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Fügestelle zwischen dem
Sammelkasten aus Figur 3 und den Rohren im Schnitt; Figur 5- ein als Flachrohr ausgeführtes Rohr mit Innenstegen;
- Figur 6
- ein ähnliches Rohr wie in
gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel;Figur 5 - Figur 7
- eine Wellrippe mit an den Knick- oder Biegestellen herausgebogenen Laschen;
Figur 8- einen Ausschnitt eines Wärmetauschers mit Rohren und Wellrippen, die nach oben/unten gebogene Bereiche aufweisen;
- Figur 9
- eine Wellrippe mit einer zusätzlichen, kiemenartigen Berippung;
Figur 10- eine Wellrippe mit Durchgangslöchern an den Knick- oder Biegestellen;
Figur 11- einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus
Figur 10 ; Figur 12- einen ähnlichen Wärmetauscher wie in
mit Blechstreifen als Außenrippen;Figur 1 Figur 13- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Blechstreifens des Wärmetauschers aus
Figur 12 und Figur 14- einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus
Figur 13 .
- FIG. 1
- a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the invention;
- FIG. 2
- the heat exchanger
FIG. 1 on average; - FIG. 3
- a perspective view of a header of the heat exchanger from the
Figures 1 and 2 ; - FIG. 4
- an enlarged view of the joint between the collection box
FIG. 3 and the pipes in section; - FIG. 5
- a tube designed as a flat tube with inner webs;
- FIG. 6
- a similar tube as in
FIG. 5 according to a further embodiment; - FIG. 7
- a corrugated rib with bent at the bending or bending points tabs;
- FIG. 8
- a section of a heat exchanger with pipes and corrugated fins having up / down bent portions;
- FIG. 9
- a corrugated fin with an additional, gill-like ribbing;
- FIG. 10
- a corrugated fin with through holes at the kinks or bending points;
- FIG. 11
- an enlarged section
FIG. 10 ; - FIG. 12
- a similar heat exchanger as in
FIG. 1 with metal strips as outer ribs; - FIG. 13
- a perspective view of a metal strip of the heat exchanger
FIG. 12 and - FIG. 14
- an enlarged section
FIG. 13 ,
In den
Zwischen den beiden Sammelkästen 2, 3 erstreckt sich ein Wärmetauscherblock 8 mit Rohren 10, 11, 12, die als Flachrohre ausgeführt sind. Zwischen zwei Rohren ist in bekannter Art und Weise jeweils ein Leitelement 13, 14 in Form einer Wellrippe angeordnet. Der Wärmetauscher 1 kann in bekannter Art und Weise auch nur einen Sammelkasten aufweisen, in den die Rohre mit einem Ende münden, wenn die Rohre an ihren anderen Enden mit einer ebenfalls bekannten Umlenkung versehen werden. Durch Pfeile 15, 16, 17 sind in
Der in den
Gemäß einem wesentlichen Aspekt der Erfindung sind die Rohre 10 bis 12 und die Sammelkästen 2, 3 aus Kunststoff gefertigt. Die Leitelemente 13, 14 sind im Gegensatz dazu nicht aus Kunststoff sondern aus Metall, vorzugsweise aus Aluminium oder aus einer Aluminiumlegierung, gebildet. Die Kunststoffteile des Wärmetauschers 1 werden zum Beispiel durch Spritzgießen beziehungsweise Gas-Injektionsspritzgießen und/oder Extrudieren hergestellt.According to an essential aspect of the invention, the
Die Kunststoffteile werden dann durch ein geeignetes Schweißverfahren auf einfache Art und Weise stoffschlüssig gefügt beziehungsweise miteinander verbunden. Durch die vorliegende Erfindung werden verschiedene Maßnahmen bereitgestellt, wie die Leitelemente 13, 14 aus Metall mit den Sammelkästen 2, 3 und den Rohren 10 bis 12 aus Kunststoff in geeigneter Art und Weise miteinander verbunden werden können. Diese Maßnahmen betreffen insbesondere die Formgebung der Fügepartner und eine spezielle Fügemethodik.The plastic parts are then joined by a suitable welding method in a simple manner cohesively or connected to each other. Various measures are provided by the present invention as to how the metal baffles 13, 14 can be interconnected with the
Die Sammelkästen 2, 3 und/oder die Rohre 10 bis 12 sind vorzugsweise aus einem Kunststoff gebildet, der beständig gegenüber einem Wasser-Glykol-Gemisch ist. Der verwendete Kunststoff weist vorzugsweise eine sehr hohe Alterungs-, Hydrolyse- sowie Permeationsbeständigkeit im Kühlmittel auf. Darüber hinaus hält der verwendete Kunststoff Drücken von bis zu 6 bar und Temperaturen von bis zu 135 Grad Celsius stand. Aus Gründen der Herstellbarkeit und Verarbeitbarkeit wird als Kunststoff vorzugsweise ein thermoplastischer Kunststoff verwendet.The collecting
Um die Wärmeleitung in den Kunststoff-Rohren 10 bis 12 zu erhöhen, kann es vorteilhaft sein, den verwendeten Kunststoff mit wärmeleitenden Füllstoffen, wie Metallpulver, Graphit oder Keramik, zu versehen. Beispielhaft werden Füllstoffe mit den Kurzbezeichnungen BN, SiC, Beo, AIN und Al-Oxide genannt. Je nach Anordnung beziehungsweise Ausrichtung der Füllstoffe im Grundmaterial kann die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von circa 0,25 Watt/(Meter Kelvin) auf circa 2 bis 30 Watt/(Meter Kelvin) erhöht werden.In order to increase the heat conduction in the
In den
Die beiden Sammelkastenwandungen 23, 24 können auch als Halbschalen bezeichnet werden. Die Sammelkastenwandung 23 ist einstückig mit dem Boden des Sammelkastens 2 verbunden. Der Boden des Sammelkastens 2 weist eine Vielzahl paralleler Schlitze oder Durchgangslöcher 25 auf. Das Durchgangsloch 25 wird von einem Umfangsrand 26 begrenzt, der beim Einstecken des Rohres 10 einen Anschlag bildet. Der Umfangsrand 26, der das Durchgangsloch 25 begrenzt, ist wiederum von einem Kragen 28 eingefasst, der rechtwinklig von der Sammelkastenwandung 23 absteht.The two
Das Rohr 10 umfasst eine Rohrwandung 31, die im Querschnitt die Gestalt eines Langlochs aufweist und bündig an dem Umfangsrand 26 des Durchgangslochs 25 anliegt. Die Dicke der Rohrwandung 31 entspricht der Ausdehnung des Umfangsrandes 26 von dem Kragen 28 nach innen. Die Rohrhöhe des Rohrs 10 ist in
Die Längsachse der Durchgangslöcher oder Schlitze 25 entspricht der Tiefenrichtung 15 des Wärmetauschers 1. Der Kragen 28 fasst die Rohre 10 an deren Enden ein, nachdem diese in den Kragen 28 auf Anschlag am Umfangsrand 26 eingesteckt wurden. Der Kragen 28 wird nach dem Einstecken mit dem zugehörigen Rohrende verschweißt, zum Beispiel durch Heizformelemente, Laserschweißen beziehungsweise Durchstrahllaserschweißen oder Vibrationsschweißen. Gegebenenfalls werden die zu verschweißenden Bauteile gleichzeitig miteinander verpresst beziehungsweise verquetscht. Der Kragen 28 kann mit einer Einführschräge für die Rohrenden versehen sein, um das Einstecken der Rohre zu vereinfachen.The longitudinal axis of the through holes or
In
Das Rohr 40 mit den Stegen 43 bis 45 wird vorzugsweise im Extrusionsverfahren hergestellt. Die Stege 43 bis 45 sorgen bei der Montage des Wärmetauschers sowie im Betrieb für eine ausreichende Steifigkeit des Flachrohrs 40 beziehungsweise des Wärmetauscherblocks mit derartigen Flachrohren. Die Stege 43 bis 45 verhindern insbesondere ein unerwünschtes Einfallen des Rohres 40 an den langen Seiten des rechteckförmigen Querschnitts. Darüber hinaus wird durch die Stege 43 bis 45 in einem geringen Umfang der Wärmeübergang auf der Innenseite des Rohres 40 verbessert.The
Alternativ können statt der Flachrohre 40 Rundrohre verwendet werden, die einen runden oder ovalen Querschnitt aufweisen. Die Rundrohre können ebenfalls mit Stegen versehen sein. In der Tiefenrichtung 15 des Wärmetauschers 1 können auch mehrere Rundrohre angeordnet werden.Alternatively, instead of the flat tubes, 40 round tubes can be used which have a round or oval cross-section. The round tubes can also be provided with webs. In the
In
Die Leitelemente 13, 14 dienen dazu, die Wärmeübertragungsfläche an der Außenseite der Rohre 10 bis 12 zu vergrößern, wodurch die Leistungsfähigkeit des Wärmetauschers 1 erheblich gesteigert werden kann. Die Leitelemente 13, 14 können, wie herkömmliche Wellrippen mit Walzrollen längs gewalzt werden. Die Wellrippen sind vorzugsweise aus einem vielfach gefalteten beziehungsweise gerafften dünnen Blechmaterial gebildet.The
In
Die Öffnung 58 wird an der Knick- oder Biegestelle der Wellrippe 50 gebildet, indem zwei Laschen oder Lappen 59, 60 an der Knick- oder Biegestelle aus dem Blechmaterial 56 herausgebogen werden. Die Laschen oder Lappen 59, 60 sind vorzugsweise zum Rohr hin herausgebogen, so dass sie bei der Montage der Wellrippe in das Kunststoffmaterial, aus dem die Rohre gebildet sind, zumindest teilweise, eindringen.The
In
In
Die Wellrippen 74, 75 sind dahingehend modifiziert, dass im vorderen und/oder hinteren Bereich in Tiefenrichtung 15 des Wärmetauschers an den Biege- oder Knickstellen Abschnitte oder Bereiche 77 der Wellrippe 74 nach oben beziehungsweise nach unten gebogen sind, nachdem die Wellrippen 74, 75 in diesen Bereichen geschlitzt wurden. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel kann auf die vorab anhand
In den
Die Wellrippe 100 umfasst im Bereich der kurzen Schenkel 104, 105 eine Vielzahl von gleichmäßig voneinander beabstandeten Öffnungen 110 oder Durchgangslöchern, die den Durchtritt von Kunststoffmaterial ermöglichen, wenn die Wellrippe 100 bei der Montage gegen ein vorzugsweise erwärmtes Kunststoffrohr gepresst wird. Die Öffnungen 100 sind vorzugsweise von einem Kranz 112 eingefasst, der durchgehend ausgeführt sein kann.The
Bei dem in
In
Der in
In den
In
In
Die Blechstreifen 140 können darüber hinaus oberflächenvergrößernde und/oder wärmeübergangerhöhende Profilierungen, wie Noppen oder Rippen/Kiemen, aufweisen, die auch als Abstandshalter der Blechstreifen 140 zueinander dienen können.The metal strips 140 may moreover have surface-enlarging and / or heat transfer-increasing profilings, such as knobs or ribs / gills, which can also serve as spacers of the metal strips 140 to each other.
Der Zusammenbau der Wärmetauscher 1; 121 erfolgt vorzugsweise wie folgt: Zunächst werden die Rohre, insbesondere Flachrohre, 10 bis 12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132 kassettiert. Anschließend werden die Sammelkästen 2, 3 in unmittelbarer Nähe der Flachrohre positionsgerecht angeordnet. Daraufhin werden die Leiteinrichtungen oder Leitelemente 13, 14; 134, 135 eingebracht. Wenn die Leitelemente als Wellrippen 55; 74, 75; 80; 100 ausgeführt sind, dann werden diese Wellrippen zwischen die Rohre gelegt. Zuvor können die Rohre mittels Heizplatten angewärmt werden.The assembly of the
Anschließend wird der so gebildete Wärmetauscherblock in Breitenrichtung 16 verpresst. Dabei werden die Wellrippen mit den Rohren verbunden. Beim Verbinden dringen die an den Wellrippen ausgebildeten Lappen 59, 60 oder Kränze 112 in die Rohrwandung, was neben einer Verbesserung der Fixierung auch zu einer Verbesserung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit führt.
Die Durchgangslöcher 110 in den Wellrippen 100 liefern darüber hinaus den Vorteil, dass das erwärmte Kunststoffmaterial die Wellrippe 100 durchdringt und hinterläuft. Dadurch wird ein Verhaken beziehungsweise eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der Wellrippe 100 und dem zugehörigen Rohr ermöglicht.Subsequently, the heat exchanger block thus formed is compressed in the
The through
Bei dem in
Auch bei der in den
Die Verbindung zwischen den Kunststoffrohren 10 bis 12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132 mit den Sammelkästen 2, 3 wird vorzugsweise durch ein Anwärmen der zu fügenden Partner eingeleitet. Das Anwärmen erfolgt zum Beispiel über Heizformelemente. Nach dem Fügen können die Fügepartner an der Fügestelle im warmen Zustand miteinander in Höhen- und/oder Breiten- und/oder Tiefenrichtung 17, 15, 16 des Wärmetauschers verpresst beziehungsweise gequetscht werden. Auch ein Verschweißen der Fügepartner, zum Beispiel durch Durchstrahl-Laserschweißen, oder ein Verkleben ist möglich. Zum Verschweißen der Fügepartner können neben dem Heizelementschweißen auch das Gaskonvektionsheizelementschweißen, Ultraschallschweißen, Vibrationsschweißen oder Laserschweißen angewendet werden.The connection between the
Vorteilhaft sind Kunststoffe und Verfahren für die Herstellung insbesondere von Kreuzstrom-Wärmeaustauschern, wobei beispielsweise Silan-modifiziertes und vernetztes Polyethylen hoher Dichte (HDPE) oder Polypropylen (PP) vorteilhaft sind. Auch sind nieder-viskose Matrixpolymere vorteilhaft, wie beispielsweise flüssigkristalline Polymere (LCP), ETPE, HDPE/GF-Compound, PP/GF-Coumpound. Die HDPE oder PP können durch die Silan-Vernetzungstechnik vernetzt werden. Dadurch kann die Dauergebrauchstemperatur der vernetzten Polymermatrix bis auf ca. 160°C gesteigert werden. Die Vernetzung von HDPE oder PP führt zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Materialeigenschaften und insbesondere der mechanischen Eigenschaften, welche die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser kostengünstigen Polyolefin-Werkstoffe signifikant erweitert.Plastics and processes for the production of, in particular, cross-flow heat exchangers are advantageous, for example silane-modified and crosslinked high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP) being advantageous. Also, low viscose matrix polymers are advantageous, such as liquid crystalline polymers (LCP), ETPE, HDPE / GF compound, PP / GF coumpound. The HDPE or PP can be crosslinked by silane crosslinking technology. This allows the Continuous use temperature of the crosslinked polymer matrix can be increased to about 160 ° C. The crosslinking of HDPE or PP leads to a significant improvement in the material properties and in particular the mechanical properties, which significantly extends the application possibilities of these cost-effective polyolefin materials.
Gegenüber unbehandelten PE und PP zeichnen sich die vernetzten Werkstoffe durch eine erhöhte Schlagzähigkeit, durch eine verbesserte Wärmeformbeständigkeit, durch eine vergrößerte chemische Resistenz und durch eine hohe Füllbarkeit aus.Compared to untreated PE and PP, the cross-linked materials are characterized by an increased impact strength, improved heat distortion resistance, increased chemical resistance and high fillability.
Weitere erwähnenswerte Verbesserungen ergeben sich in der Verschleiß- und Kriechbeständigkeit sowie beim Alterungsverhalten. Zum Herstellen von vernetztem Polymer ist die Silan-Vernetzung am bedeutendsten: In einem ersten Reaktionsschritt entstehen durch den thermischen Zerfall von organischen Peroxiden freie Radikale. Dieser Vorgang findet während der Materialaufbereitung statt. Die Wasserstoffatome von Polyethylen-Makromoleküle werden von den Radikalen abstrahiert. An die so erzeugten, aktivierten Stellen können über ihre CH2=CH2-Gruppe funktionelle Vinyl-Silane ankoppeln, wobei der Radikalcharakter auf das Verknüpfungsmolekül übertragen wird.Further noteworthy improvements result in wear and creep resistance as well as aging behavior. Silane cross-linking is most important for producing cross-linked polymer: In a first reaction step, free radicals are formed by the thermal decomposition of organic peroxides. This process takes place during material preparation. The hydrogen atoms of polyethylene macromolecules are abstracted by the radicals. Activated sites generated in this way can be coupled via their CH 2 = CH 2 group to functional vinylsilanes, the radical character being transferred to the linking molecule.
Im Zuge der Verfahrens- und Werkstoffentwicklung wird die HDPE- und PP-Generierung im Rahmen eines Zweistufenverfahrens praktifiziert. Für zukünftige Anwendungen empfiehlt sich der Einsatz einer Extruderkaskade, mit der sich die Aufbereitung als ökonomisch interessanter Einstufen-Prozess durchführen lässt.In the course of process and material development, HDPE and PP generation are practiced in a two-stage process. For future applications, it is recommended to use an extruder cascade, with which processing can be carried out as an economically interesting one-step process.
Bei einem Kunststoff-/Füllstoff-Volumenkonzentrationsverhältnis kleiner als 50:50 sowie unter Zugrundelegung von Viskositätsverhältnissen, wie sie sich bei Schneckendrehzahlen von n = 400 ± 50 min-1 einstellen, entstehen thermoplastische wärmeleitende Kunststoffe, die aus einer kontinuierlichen Kunststoffmatrix und darin eingebetteten, fein verteilten Füllstoff-Partikeln bestehen, welche eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit zwischen 1-10 W/mK aufweisen können.With a plastic / filler volume concentration ratio of less than 50:50 and on the basis of viscosity ratios, as they occur at screw speeds of n = 400 ± 50 min -1 , arise from a thermoplastic continuous thermoplastic Plastic matrix and embedded, finely divided filler particles exist, which may have a thermal conductivity between 1-10 W / mK.
Geeignete Füllstoffe sind anorganische Füllstoffe, wie z. B. SiC: BeO; BN; Al2O3; ZnO; B4O3; Glass; SiO2, BP, MgO, AIN, Ruß usw. Oberflächenbehandlung des anorganischen Füllstoffpartikels und der Glasfaser erfolgt mittels der Kopplungsreagenzien, z. B. Titansäureester oder Alkylsilan.Suitable fillers are inorganic fillers, such as. SiC: BeO; BN; Al 2 O 3 ; ZnO; B 4 O 3 ; Glass; SiO 2 , BP, MgO, AlN, carbon black, etc. Surface treatment of the inorganic filler particle and the glass fiber is carried out by means of the coupling reagents, e.g. For example, titanic acid or alkyl silane.
Die Herstellung der Silan-vernetzten thermoplastischen Kunststoffe erfolgt in der Entwicklungsphase in Form eines Zweistufen-Prozesses. Im ersten Teilschritt erfolgt die Aufpfropfung des Organosilans auf das Polymer, im zweiten Schritt dann die dynamische Compoundierung der thermoplastischen Kunststoffe und Füllstoffpartikel.The production of silane-crosslinked thermoplastics takes place in the development phase in the form of a two-stage process. In the first step, the grafting of the organosilane is carried out on the polymer, in the second step then the dynamic compounding of the thermoplastics and filler particles.
In der ersten Verfahrensstufe läuft zunächst die veranschaulichte radikalische Pfropfungsreaktion von kondensierbarem Vinyltrimethoxysilan (VTMOS) oder Vinyltriethoxysilan (VTEOS) auf den ausgewählten thermoplastischen Kunststoff ab.In the first stage of the process, the illustrated radical grafting reaction of condensable vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMOS) or vinyltriethoxysilane (VTEOS) first proceeds on the selected thermoplastic.
**: 2, 5-Dmethyl-2, 5-di (tert.butylperoxy) hexan*: Dicumyl peroxide
**: 2, 5-Dmethyl-2,5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane
In der zweiten Verfahrensstufe werden die silangepfropften Polymere und die Füllstoffe einem gleichsinnig drehenden Zweischneckenextruder gravimetrisch zudosiert und auf dem Extruder aufbereitet. Ein mildes Schneckenkonzept und hohe Schneckendrehzahlen bei reduzierten Durchsätzen sorgen für eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit und einen guten mechanischen Kennwert des Compounds. Die eigentliche Vernetzung findet im Anschluss an den Pfropfprozess im fertigen Formelteil statt. Durch Hydrolyse-Reaktion unter Einwirkung von Wassermolekülen verseifen die funktionellen Endgruppen zu Silanolen, die anschließend in einer katalytisch beschleunigten Kondensationsreaktion mit benachbarten Si-O-Si-Gruppen hauptvalente Si-O-Si-Vernetzungsbrücken bilden können.
- Silan-modifizierte Probe unter normalen Atmosphärenbedingungen. Die vollständige Vernetzung dauert ungefähr 20 Tage.
- Lagerung einer Silan-modifizierten Probe in einer temperierten Kammer mit Feuchtigkeitsspender bei 60-80°C: Die vollständige Vernetzung dauert etwa 3-5 Tage.
- Silane-modified sample under normal atmospheric conditions. Full networking takes about 20 days.
- Storage of a silane-modified sample in a tempered chamber with moisturizer at 60-80 ° C: Complete crosslinking takes about 3-5 days.
Für die erforderlichen Einsatzbedingungen liegt der Gel-Gehalt des Silan-vernetzten Polymers zwischen 60 -85 %, für höhere Einsatzbedingungen zwischen 85- 98%.For the required conditions of use, the gel content of the silane-crosslinked polymer is between 60-85%, for higher operating conditions between 85-98%.
Claims (11)
- A cross-flow heat exchanger (1; 121) for a motor vehicle, with tubes (10-12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132) through which a medium flows and around which a further medium flows, with at least one collecting tank (2, 3) into which the tubes (10-12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132) open, and with guide elements (13, 14; 134, 135) which are arranged between the tubes (10-12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132), wherein the collecting tank (2, 3) and the tubes (10-12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132) are formed from plastic and the guide elements (13, 14; 134, 135) are formed from metal, characterised in that the collecting tank (2, 3) comprises a bottom with through holes (25) whose circumferential edge (26) forms an abutment for the tubes (10), the circumferential edge (26) is surrounded by an encircling collar (28) into which the ends of the tubes (10) are inserted and the collars (28) are welded to the tube ends.
- The cross-flow heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterised in that the tubes (10-12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132) and/or the collecting tank (2, 3) are formed from at least one plastic of the following group: chlorinated polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polyetherimide (PI), tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), self-reinforce polymer (SRF), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silane modified and/or cross-linked polypropylene (PP), silane modified and/or cross-linked high-density polyethylene (PE-HD), perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA), polyphthalamide (PPA), polyamide (PA XXX), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI).
- The cross-flow heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tubes (10-12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132) are formed from a plastic which is filled with thermally conductive fillers.
- The cross-flow heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tubes (10-12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132) are designed as flat tubes.
- The cross-flow heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the flat tubes, as seen in cross-section, have lateral elevations (51, 52).
- The cross-flow heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tubes (10-12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132) are extruded.
- The cross-flow heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tubes (40; 50) each have at least one inner web (43-35).
- The cross-flow heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tubes (10-12; 40; 50; 71, 72; 131, 132) are positively connected to the guide elements (13, 14; 134, 135).
- The cross-flow heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the guide elements (13, 14) are designed as corrugated ribs (55; 74, 75; 80; 100) with bending or fold locations.
- The cross-flow heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one respective tab (59, 60) is bent out of the corrugated rib (55) in the region of the bending or fold locations and is at least partially arranged in the corresponding tube.
- The cross-flow heat exchanger according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that at least one respective opening (110) which is steeped in the tube material is provided in the region of the bending or fold locations.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008059737A DE102008059737A1 (en) | 2008-12-01 | 2008-12-01 | Cross-flow heat exchanger |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2192372A2 EP2192372A2 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
EP2192372A3 EP2192372A3 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
EP2192372B1 true EP2192372B1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
Family
ID=41820221
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EP09176897.8A Not-in-force EP2192372B1 (en) | 2008-12-01 | 2009-11-24 | Cross-flow heat exchanger |
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EP (1) | EP2192372B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008059737A1 (en) |
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DE102009058673A1 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-22 | Behr GmbH & Co. KG, 70469 | Thermoelectric heat exchanger |
DE102010049637A1 (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2012-05-03 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Heat exchanger e.g. tube bundle heat exchanger for use in motor vehicle, has rectangular-shaped heat exchange tube into which slanting metal sheet comprising legs with bulges is inserted |
DE202012003241U1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-07-01 | EWKtec GmbH | Collector pipe and manifold system of a surface heating system and surface heating system |
DE102013215358A1 (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-02-19 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat exchanger for cooling a vehicle battery, in particular for hybrid or electric vehicles |
DE102016205044A1 (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | Mahle International Gmbh | Cooling device, in particular for an internal combustion engine |
DE102017216519A1 (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-21 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Heat transfer element, tempering device and battery housing with at least one heat transfer element |
DE102019102850A1 (en) * | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-06 | Zehnder Group International Ag | Cooling pipe register and dehumidifier |
DE102019212361A1 (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-02-25 | Hanon Systems | Plastic cooler and battery with such a cooler |
WO2022031778A1 (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2022-02-10 | Evapco, Inc. | Polymer tube dry cooling tower |
DE102020211603A1 (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-17 | Fränkische Industrial Pipes GmbH & Co. KG | DEVICE FOR TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF A COMPONENT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF THE DEVICE |
CN112682500B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2023-05-26 | 南宁市安和机械设备有限公司 | Oil cooler made of staggered dotting oil cooler tube |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2192372A3 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
DE102008059737A1 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
EP2192372A2 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
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