EP2192229A2 - Conductive overlay - Google Patents

Conductive overlay Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2192229A2
EP2192229A2 EP10150990A EP10150990A EP2192229A2 EP 2192229 A2 EP2192229 A2 EP 2192229A2 EP 10150990 A EP10150990 A EP 10150990A EP 10150990 A EP10150990 A EP 10150990A EP 2192229 A2 EP2192229 A2 EP 2192229A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
overlay
coating
synthetic resin
particles
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Granted
Application number
EP10150990A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2192229A3 (en
EP2192229B1 (en
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Kronotec AG
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Kronotec AG
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Priority to PL10150990T priority Critical patent/PL2192229T3/en
Publication of EP2192229A2 publication Critical patent/EP2192229A2/en
Publication of EP2192229A3 publication Critical patent/EP2192229A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2192229B1 publication Critical patent/EP2192229B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B44C5/043—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers containing wooden elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/06—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to wood
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/18—Paper- or board-based structures for surface covering
    • D21H27/22—Structures being applied on the surface by special manufacturing processes, e.g. in presses
    • D21H27/26—Structures being applied on the surface by special manufacturing processes, e.g. in presses characterised by the overlay sheet or the top layers of the structures
    • D21H27/28—Structures being applied on the surface by special manufacturing processes, e.g. in presses characterised by the overlay sheet or the top layers of the structures treated to obtain specific resistance properties, e.g. against wear or weather
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2203/00—Other substrates
    • B05D2203/22—Paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2601/00—Inorganic fillers
    • B05D2601/20—Inorganic fillers used for non-pigmentation effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/12—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a coating with specific electrical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
    • E04F2290/048—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire against static electricity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overlay which is coated with a synthetic resin.
  • Overlays coated with synthetic resins, which are suitable for application to wood-based materials, are a common precursor in the production of coated wood-based materials. Due to the resistant surfaces resulting from the coating of the wood-based materials directly or through the application of resin-impregnated overlays, these wood-based materials used both in the living area (kitchens, offices, floors) and used for commercial purposes. In the context of this invention, all products made of wood or a mixture of wood and plastic are referred to as wood-based materials. Particularly typical wood-based materials are different types of fiberboard or chipboard.
  • antistatic agents mostly surfactants
  • these surfactants extract water from the ambient air.
  • the forming in the vicinity of the surfactants, thin molecular water film is sufficient to ensure a minimum charge balance.
  • This intrinsically simple and convincing active principle has in practice two decisive disadvantages:
  • the water film forming around the surfactants only causes a reduction of the surface resistivity by about one order of magnitude, ie to about 1 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ to 1 ⁇ 10 11 ⁇ ,
  • the measured values, z. B. to EN 14 041 are required to classify surfaces as conductive, not achievable.
  • Another disadvantage is that the ambient air must have sufficient moisture to form a film of water.
  • the problem of static charge is just at low humidity. Antistatic agents do not work exactly when they are needed.
  • the core of the invention is the incorporation of electrically conductive, transparent particles in synthetic resin, preferably in transparent synthetic resin. This mixed with transparent, electrically conductive particles resin is then applied to an overlay. According to the invention, it has been found that a single layer of synthetic resin, which is mixed with small amounts of said particles, is sufficient to achieve a significant improvement permanently and independently of other parameters, such as ambient humidity To ensure the Ableitein, for example, to create a surface for a dissipative floor according to DIN IEC 61 340.
  • Transparent conductive particles are produced, for example, by applying metal oxides to carrier particles.
  • a mica particle doped with tin and antimony oxide is suitable.
  • Transparent particles may have a platy or spherical shape. Good conductivity and transparency as well as optimum conductivity is achieved with particles having a diameter of up to 25 .mu.m, preferably up to 15 .mu.m, preferably of up to 10 microns.
  • the electrically conductive, transparent particle is contained in only one layer of a multilayer synthetic resin structure on an overlay.
  • up to 15% by weight (% by weight) of electrically conductive, transparent particles are based on the solids content of the synthetic resin, preferably up to 10% by weight, more preferably up to 8% by weight of particles based on the Solid portion of the resin used.
  • a dissipative surface on an overlay is built up if at least one layer, that is to say up to 40 g / m 2 of a synthetic resin mixed with transparent, conductive particles according to the invention, is applied.
  • at least one layer that is to say up to 40 g / m 2 of a synthetic resin mixed with transparent, conductive particles according to the invention.
  • up to 25 g / m 2 more preferably up to 15 g / m 2 , advantageously up to 10 g / m 2 are sufficient.
  • the layer structure of the respective surface can easily exceed 100 g / m 2 in the case of a multilayer structure. Nevertheless, only one layer of the inventively particulate resin suffices to provide a surface having significantly improved conductivity.
  • a layer thickness on the substrate is sufficient Wood material board of up to 40 microns, preferably up to 20 microns, more preferably of up to 10 microns, to achieve in the walk test to EN 1815 a classification according to EN 14041 as a static surface, which ensures a Wegetzladung of less than 2 kV.
  • This value is achieved with the present invention on an applied, provided with particles of synthetic resin layer. It should be particularly pointed out that this is achieved largely independently of the ambient humidity, that is also at values of, for example, 25% relative humidity.
  • a reduction of the surface resistance to values of 2 ⁇ 10 08 ⁇ was achieved with the overlay according to the invention when using melamine resin which has been mixed with transparent, electrically conductive particles.
  • the electrically conductive, transparent particle is firmly anchored in the synthetic resin. It may therefore be contained in the outermost layer of a multi-layered surface. Surprisingly, however, the desired dissipation ability is also achieved if the layer containing the mentioned particle is used in a multi-layered surface structure, e.g. is covered by other resin layers.
  • a transparent synthetic resin is used, in particular a melamine resin.
  • a transparent synthetic resin is used, in particular a melamine resin.
  • This achieves an expansion of the fields of use of the overlays coated according to the invention, so that these are e.g. also suitable for work surfaces in the electronic industry. Panels are also often used for the design of wall surfaces, so floors, ceilings or walls.
  • the coating according to the invention proves to be advantageous, since the conductive surface is also suitable for at least partial shielding of electromagnetic fields. It thus helps to avoid interference from electrosmog.
  • the term "overlay” is understood to mean that a carrier made of paper or a synthetic fiber scrim is coated at least with a synthetic resin layer which has transparent, electrically conductive particles. Overlays are usually used for coating board-shaped wooden materials.
  • the at least single-layer surface coating of the overlay according to the invention has at least one synthetic resin into which the electrically conductive, transparent particles are mixed.
  • the synthetic resin may also contain fibers to form a so-called "liquid overlay”. That is, when using a "liquid overlay” can be dispensed with the use of the usual paper-based overlay. The liquid overlay is applied directly in liquid form to the surface of a wood material.
  • the multi-layered surface of plate-shaped wooden materials often also has a layer of coloring constituents, which is covered by transparent synthetic resin layers. Especially in the case of this surface structure, it becomes clear that the transparency of the electrically conductive particles abolishes restrictions on the use of the plate-shaped wood-based materials which hitherto existed.
  • An overlay with a basis weight of 40 g is guided by rollers through a per se known impregnation plant with Quetwalzendostechnik.
  • melamine resin with a solids content of 60% is introduced into the paper.
  • the overlay is passed through a pair of rollers on which excess synthetic resin is stripped off.
  • the paper thus impregnated, after intermediate drying, has a weight of 100 g / m 2 .
  • an additional melamine resin layer of 20 g / m 2 is applied to the top and bottom of the paper in a raster application work.
  • the top side applied melamine resin layer is associated with-related to the solids content of the melamine resin 8 wt .-% transparent, electrically conductive particles, namely with mica particles, which are doped with tin and antimony, and a diameter of approx 15 ⁇ m.
  • the overlay is dried after application of the second melamine resin layer.
  • the overlay is pressed on a high-density fiberboard on which decorative paper is already applied, under pressure and heat.
  • the resulting surface of the fiberboard has a surface resistivity of 3.0 x 10 08 ⁇ when tested for electrostatic behavior according to IEC 60093 and EN 1081. If such a coated fiberboard is used as floor, it is classified as "Ableitschreiber complicatboden” according to DIN IEC 61340 -4-1: 1997 or as "electrostatic dissipative floor covering" according to EU 14041: 2004 -12-20. This classification was previously unattainable when using melamine resins for surface coating of floors.
  • the test according to EN 1815 results in a so-called person voltage of 1.8 kV on an insulating pad for a person in rubber soles.
  • the coated with the above overlay fiberboard is classified as a conductive floor, because the personal voltage of 2 kV is well below.
  • a decorative paper 2 intended to be used for a table top is made by impregnating a backing paper with a melamine resin decorative print.
  • a melamine resin layer 3 is added, which is based on the solids content of the melamine resin with 10% by weight of the particles 4 described in example 1, and that with 40 g / m 2 is applied to the preimpregnated paper 2.
  • the decorative paper with a conductive top surface thus produced is pressed onto a chipboard.
  • This chipboard 1 is suitable for use as a worktop, in particular in the electronic industry, since the surface resistance of the melamine resin coating thus produced is 10 07 ⁇ to 10 09 ⁇ . Sensitive electronic components that are damaged or destroyed by stronger electrical discharges can be stored or processed on these easily and inexpensively manufactured surfaces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Silicon Polymers (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

A panel (A) of wooden material (WM), having a surface coating comprising an undercoat (applied to WM) and at least one lacquer layer (LL) hardened by UV-light or an electron beam (the overall thickness of the LL('s) being less than 120 mu m), includes at least one functional component (I), integrated in LL('s) or in the form of a functional layer which is external, under LL('s) or between at least two LL's. Independent claims are included for: (1) a panel (A') of WM, having a coating of lacquer on at least part of the side opposite to the surface coated; (2) a method for coating WM by applying at least two layers of UV-hardenable lacquer, where the first layer is subjected to UV treatment to start hardening of the lacquer, the second layer(s) is/are applied before the first layer has hardened completely and complete hardening of the second layer(s) using UV light is commenced after applying the last layer; and (3) apparatus for coating (specifically lacquering) panels, in which the panels are transported to and from a processing unit, the coating is applied and the coating is partially or completely hardened, where (a) application and hardening devices arranged in direct succession are combined to a give a processing unit, (b) at least two such processing units are provided and (c) a processing unit for applying functional layer(s) is provided before, between or after processing units for applying at least two LL's.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Overlay, das mit einem Kunstharz beschichtet ist.The invention relates to an overlay which is coated with a synthetic resin.

Mit Kunstharzen beschichtete Overlays, die zum Aufbringen auf Holzwerkstoffe geeignet sind stellen ein übliches Vorprodukt bei der Produktion beschichteter Holzwerkstoffe dar. Aufgrund der widerstandsfähigen Oberflächen, die sich durch die Beschichtung der Holzwerkstoffe unmittelbar oder durch das Aufbringen von kunstharz-imprägnierten Overlays ergeben, werden diese Holzwerkstoffe sowohl im Wohnbereich (Küchen, Arbeitszimmer, Fußböden) eingesetzt als auch für gewerbliche Zwecke verwendet. Im Zusammenhang mit dieser Erfindung werden sämtliche Produkte, die aus Holz oder aus einer Mischung von Holz und Kunststoff hergestellt sind, als Holzwerkstoffe bezeichnet. Besonders typische Holzwerkstoffe sind verschiedene Typen von Faserplatten oder Spanplatten.Overlays coated with synthetic resins, which are suitable for application to wood-based materials, are a common precursor in the production of coated wood-based materials. Due to the resistant surfaces resulting from the coating of the wood-based materials directly or through the application of resin-impregnated overlays, these wood-based materials used both in the living area (kitchens, offices, floors) and used for commercial purposes. In the context of this invention, all products made of wood or a mixture of wood and plastic are referred to as wood-based materials. Particularly typical wood-based materials are different types of fiberboard or chipboard.

Dabei unterliegen einige kunstharzbeschichteten Holzwerkstoffe an sich nur einer gravierenden Einschränkung, der statischen Aufladung, die sich aus der als Isolator wirkenden Kunstharz-Oberfläche ergibt. Praktisch ist das besonders nachteilig bei Melaminharz-beschichteten Oberflächen. Im privaten Einsatz bedeutet dies lediglich eine unerwünschte oder unangenehme Eigenschaft, im gewerblichen Einsatz kann das Risiko der statischen Aufladung ein Ausschlusskriterium für verschiedene Verwendungen sein, insbesondere in Umgebungen, wo ein Funkenschlag aufgrund von Explosionsgefahr zu vermeiden ist.In this case, some resin-coated wood materials are subject to only a serious limitation, the static charge resulting from acting as an insulator resin surface. In practice, this is particularly disadvantageous in melamine resin-coated surfaces. In private use, this merely means an undesirable or unpleasant characteristic, in commercial use the risk of static charge can be an exclusion criterion for various uses, especially in environments where a spark due to the risk of explosion is to be avoided.

Bisher werden drei unterschiedliche Strategien verfolgt, um die statische Aufladung von Kunstharzoberflächen zu verringern: Zunächst wurden leitfähige Substanzen, z. B. Ruß, in das Kunstharz eingemischt, dass auf die Oberfläche von Holzwerkstoffen bzw. auf Overlays aufgetragen wird. Abgesehen von der schwierigen Verarbeitbarkeit und den Verschmutzungsproblemen, insbesondere bei der Verarbeitung von z. B. Ruß, hat die im wesentlichen auf "schwarz" beschränkte Farbgebung der Oberfläche den praktischen Einsatz im Markt faktisch ausgeschlossen.So far, three different strategies are pursued to reduce the static charge of resin surfaces: First, conductive substances, such. As soot, mixed into the resin that is applied to the surface of wood materials or on overlays. Apart from the difficult processability and the pollution problems, especially in the processing of z. As soot, which has essentially limited to "black" color of the surface has the practical Use in the market virtually impossible.

Alternativ werden sogenannte Antistatika, meistens Tenside, in die Kunstharze eingemischt oder auf deren Oberfläche aufgetragen. Beispiele für diesen Wirkmechanismus sind z. B. in der DE 203 18 290 (Kaindl ) oder der WO 2004/050359 (Unilin ) beschrieben. Diese Tenside entziehen der Umgebungsluft Wasser. Der sich im Umfeld der Tenside bildende, dünne molekulare Wasserfilm genügt, um einen minimalen Ladungsausgleich zu gewährleisten. Dieses an sich einfache und überzeugende Wirkprinzip weist in der Praxis jedoch zwei entscheidende Nachteile auf: Der sich um die Tenside bildende Wasserfilm bewirkt nur eine Senkung des spezifischen Oberflächenwiderstands um etwa eine Zehnerpotenz, also auf etwa 1 x 1010 Ω bis 1 x 1011 Ω. Damit sind die Messwerte, die z. B. nach EN 14 041 erforderlich sind um Oberflächen als ableitfähig zu klassifizieren, nicht erreichbar. Als weiterer Nachteil ist zu bemerken, dass die Umgebungsluft ausreichend Feuchtigkeit aufweisen muss, damit sich ein Wasserfilm bilden kann,. Das Problem der statischen Aufladung besteht jedoch gerade bei geringer Luftfeuchte. Damit wirken Antistatika genau dann nicht, wenn sie gebraucht würden.Alternatively, so-called antistatic agents, mostly surfactants, are mixed into the synthetic resins or applied to their surface. Examples of this mechanism of action are z. B. in the DE 203 18 290 (Kaindl ) or the WO 2004/050359 (Unilin ). These surfactants extract water from the ambient air. The forming in the vicinity of the surfactants, thin molecular water film is sufficient to ensure a minimum charge balance. However, this intrinsically simple and convincing active principle has in practice two decisive disadvantages: The water film forming around the surfactants only causes a reduction of the surface resistivity by about one order of magnitude, ie to about 1 × 10 10 Ω to 1 × 10 11 Ω , Thus, the measured values, z. B. to EN 14 041 are required to classify surfaces as conductive, not achievable. Another disadvantage is that the ambient air must have sufficient moisture to form a film of water. However, the problem of static charge is just at low humidity. Antistatic agents do not work exactly when they are needed.

Schließlich wird in der DE 103 01 293 (Blomberger ) vorgeschlagen, leitfähige Gewebe in Streifenform in eine Kunstharz-Schicht auf der Oberfläche plattenförmiger Holzwerkstoffe einzubetten. Die optische Beeinträchtigung der Oberfläche schränkt die Einsetzbarkeit dieser leitfähigen Gewebe jedoch beträchtlich ein.Finally, in the DE 103 01 293 (Blomberger ) proposed to embed conductive fabrics in strip form in a synthetic resin layer on the surface of plate-shaped wood materials. However, the optical degradation of the surface severely limits the usefulness of these conductive fabrics.

Es besteht daher der Bedarf, ein Overlay mit mindestens einer Kunstharz-Schicht so herzurichten, dass dauerhaft eine signifikante Verbesserung der Ableitfähigkeit gegeben ist.There is therefore a need to prepare an overlay with at least one synthetic resin layer in such a way that a significant improvement in the conductivity is permanently achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit einem Overlay nach Anspruch 1.This object is achieved with an overlay according to claim 1.

Kern der Erfindung ist das Einmischen von elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Partikeln in Kunstharz, vorzugsweise in transparentes Kunstharz. Dieses mit transparenten, elektrisch leitfähigen Partikeln versetzte Kunstharz wird dann auf ein Overlay aufgetragen. Erfindungsgemäß hat sich herausgestellt, dass eine einzige, mit geringen Mengen der genannten Partikel versetzte Schicht von Kunstharz genügt, um dauerhaft und unabhängig von weiteren Parametern wie der Umgebungsfeuchte eine signifikante Verbesserung der Ableitfähigkeit zu gewährleisten, zum Beispiel eine Oberfläche für einen ableitfähigen Fußboden nach DIN IEC 61 340 zu schaffen.The core of the invention is the incorporation of electrically conductive, transparent particles in synthetic resin, preferably in transparent synthetic resin. This mixed with transparent, electrically conductive particles resin is then applied to an overlay. According to the invention, it has been found that a single layer of synthetic resin, which is mixed with small amounts of said particles, is sufficient to achieve a significant improvement permanently and independently of other parameters, such as ambient humidity To ensure the Ableitfähigkeit, for example, to create a surface for a dissipative floor according to DIN IEC 61 340.

Transparente leitfähige Partikel werden beispielsweise durch Aufbringen von Metalloxiden auf Trägerpartikel erzeugt. Es eignet sich beispielsweise ein Glimmer-Partikel, der mit Zinn- und Antimonoxid dotiert ist. Transparente Partikel können plättchenförmige oder sphärische Gestalt aufweisen. Gute Leitfähigkeit und Transparenz sowie optimale Ableitfähigkeit wird mit Partikeln, die einen Durchmesser von bis zu 25 µm, vorzugsweise bis zu 15 µm, bevorzugt von bis zu 10 µm erreicht.Transparent conductive particles are produced, for example, by applying metal oxides to carrier particles. For example, a mica particle doped with tin and antimony oxide is suitable. Transparent particles may have a platy or spherical shape. Good conductivity and transparency as well as optimum conductivity is achieved with particles having a diameter of up to 25 .mu.m, preferably up to 15 .mu.m, preferably of up to 10 microns.

Es war für den Fachmann überraschend, dauerhaft eine gewünschte Ableitfähigkeit bei sehr dünnem Schichtaufbau ohne Verzicht auf hohe mechanische und chemische Beanspruchbarkeit der erfindungsgemäß mit elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Partikeln versetzten Kunstharz-Schicht zu erreichen.It was surprising for a person skilled in the art to permanently achieve a desired dissipation capability with a very thin layer structure without sacrificing high mechanical and chemical resistance of the synthetic resin layer offset according to the invention with electrically conductive, transparent particles.

Erfindungsgemäß ist es ausreichend, wenn in nur einer Schicht eines mehrschichtigen Kunstharz-Aufbaus auf einem Overlay das elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Partikel enthalten ist. Erfindungsgemäß genügen bis 15 Gewichts-% (Gew.-%) elektrisch leitfähiges, transparentes Partikel bezogen auf den Feststoff-Anteil des Kunstharzes, bevorzugt werden bis zu 10 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt bis zu 8 Gew.-% Partikel bezogen auf den Feststoff-Anteil des Kunstharzes eingesetzt.According to the invention, it is sufficient if the electrically conductive, transparent particle is contained in only one layer of a multilayer synthetic resin structure on an overlay. According to the invention, up to 15% by weight (% by weight) of electrically conductive, transparent particles are based on the solids content of the synthetic resin, preferably up to 10% by weight, more preferably up to 8% by weight of particles based on the Solid portion of the resin used.

Eine ableitfähige Oberfläche auf einem Overlay wird aufgebaut, wenn mindestens eine Schicht, das heißt, bis zu 40 g/m2 eines erfindungsgemäß mit transparenten, leitfähigen Partikeln versetzten Kunstharzes aufgetragen werden. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform genügen bis zu 25 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt bis zu 15 g/m2, vorteilhaft bis zu 10 g/m2. Der Schichtaufbau der jeweiligen Oberfläche kann insgesamt ohne weiteres bei einem mehrschichtigen Aufbau über 100 g/m2 liegen. Trotzdem genügt nur eine Schicht des erfindungsgemäß mit Partikeln versetzten Kunstharzes, um eine Oberfläche zu erhalten, die eine signifikant verbesserte Ableitfähigkeit aufweist.A dissipative surface on an overlay is built up if at least one layer, that is to say up to 40 g / m 2 of a synthetic resin mixed with transparent, conductive particles according to the invention, is applied. According to a preferred embodiment, up to 25 g / m 2 , more preferably up to 15 g / m 2 , advantageously up to 10 g / m 2 are sufficient. Overall, the layer structure of the respective surface can easily exceed 100 g / m 2 in the case of a multilayer structure. Nevertheless, only one layer of the inventively particulate resin suffices to provide a surface having significantly improved conductivity.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäß mit elektrisch leitfähigem, transparenten Partikeln versetzten Kunstharz genügt nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform eine Schichtdicke auf der Holzwerkstoffplatte von bis zu 40 µm, bevorzugt bis zu 20 µm, besonders bevorzugt von bis zu 10 µm, um im Begeh-Test nach EN 1815 eine Klassifizierung gemäß EN 14041 als statische Oberfläche zu erreichen, die eine Personenaufladung von weniger als 2 kV sicherstellt. Dieser Wert wird mit der erfindungsgemäß auf ein aufgebrachten, mit Partikeln versehenen Kunstharz-Schicht erreicht. Es ist besonders darauf zu verweisen, dass dies weitgehend unabhängig von der Umgebungs-Luftfeuchte erreicht wird, also auch bei Werten von beispielsweise 25 % relativer Luftfeuchte. Erstmalig wurde mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Overlay bei Verwendung von Melaminharz, das mit transparenten, elektrisch leitfähigen Partikeln versetzt ist, eine Absenkung des Oberflächenwiderstandes auf Werte von 2 x 1008 Ω erreicht.In the case of the synthetic resin mixed with electrically conductive, transparent particles according to the invention, according to an advantageous embodiment, a layer thickness on the substrate is sufficient Wood material board of up to 40 microns, preferably up to 20 microns, more preferably of up to 10 microns, to achieve in the walk test to EN 1815 a classification according to EN 14041 as a static surface, which ensures a Personenaufladung of less than 2 kV. This value is achieved with the present invention on an applied, provided with particles of synthetic resin layer. It should be particularly pointed out that this is achieved largely independently of the ambient humidity, that is also at values of, for example, 25% relative humidity. For the first time, a reduction of the surface resistance to values of 2 × 10 08 Ω was achieved with the overlay according to the invention when using melamine resin which has been mixed with transparent, electrically conductive particles.

Das elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Partikel ist fest im Kunstharz verankert. Es kann daher in der äußersten Schicht einer mehrschichtigen Oberfläche enthalten sein. Überraschenderweise wird die gewünschte Ableitfähigkeit aber auch erreicht, wenn die das erwähnte Partikel enthaltende Schicht in einem mehrschichtigen Oberflächenaufbau z.B. von weiteren Kunstharz-Schichten überdeckt wird.The electrically conductive, transparent particle is firmly anchored in the synthetic resin. It may therefore be contained in the outermost layer of a multi-layered surface. Surprisingly, however, the desired dissipation ability is also achieved if the layer containing the mentioned particle is used in a multi-layered surface structure, e.g. is covered by other resin layers.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird ein transparentes Kunstharz eingesetzt, insbesondere ein Melaminharz. Dadurch wird eine Ausweitung der Einsatzgebiete der erfindungsgemäß beschichteten Overlays bzw. erreicht, so dass diese z.B. auch für Arbeitsoberflächen in der elektronischen Industrie geeignet sind. Paneele werden häufig auch zur Gestaltung von Wandflächen, also Böden, Decken oder Wänden eingesetzt. Hier erweist sich die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung als vorteilhaft, da die leitfähige Oberfläche auch zur mindestens teilweisen Abschirmung elektromagnetischer Felder geeignet ist. Sie trägt damit zur Vermeidung von Beeinträchtigungen durch Elektrosmog bei.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a transparent synthetic resin is used, in particular a melamine resin. This achieves an expansion of the fields of use of the overlays coated according to the invention, so that these are e.g. also suitable for work surfaces in the electronic industry. Panels are also often used for the design of wall surfaces, so floors, ceilings or walls. Here, the coating according to the invention proves to be advantageous, since the conductive surface is also suitable for at least partial shielding of electromagnetic fields. It thus helps to avoid interference from electrosmog.

Im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung wird der Begriff "Overlay" so verstanden, dass ein Träger aus Papier oder einem Kunstfaser-Gelege mindestens mit einer Kunstharz-Schicht beschichtet ist, die transparente, elektrisch leitfähige Partikel aufweist. Overlays werden üblicherweise zur Beschichtung von plattenförmigen Holzwerkstoffen eingesetzt. Die erfindungsgemäß mindestens einlagige Oberflächenbeschichtung des Overlays weist mindestens ein Kunstharz auf, in das die elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Partikel eingemischt sind. Optional kann das Kunstharz auch Fasern zur Bildung eines sogenannten "liquid overlays" enthalten. Das heißt, bei Verwendung eines "liquid overlays" kann auf Einsatz des üblichen Overlays auf Papierbasis verzichtet werden. Das liquid overlay wird unmittelbar in flüssiger Form auf die Oberfläche eines Holzwerkstoffs aufgetragen.In the context of the invention, the term "overlay" is understood to mean that a carrier made of paper or a synthetic fiber scrim is coated at least with a synthetic resin layer which has transparent, electrically conductive particles. Overlays are usually used for coating board-shaped wooden materials. The at least single-layer surface coating of the overlay according to the invention has at least one synthetic resin into which the electrically conductive, transparent particles are mixed. Optionally, the synthetic resin may also contain fibers to form a so-called "liquid overlay". That is, when using a "liquid overlay" can be dispensed with the use of the usual paper-based overlay. The liquid overlay is applied directly in liquid form to the surface of a wood material.

Sowohl bei der Herstellung von Overlays als auch beim Aufbau von Oberflächenbeschichtungen auf plattenförmigen Holzwerkstoffen werden in der Regel mehrere Kunstharz-Schichten übereinander aufgetragen. Zum einen vereinfacht dies das gleichmäßige Aushärten von Kunstharzen, zum anderen weisen die Schichten häufig einen voneinander abweichenden Aufbau auf. Beispielsweise ist einer der Kunstharz-Schichten oft Korund beigemischt, um die Verschleißfestigkeit der Oberfläche zu steigern. Typischerweise geschieht dies bei Fußboden-Oberflächen.Both in the production of overlays as well as in the construction of surface coatings on plate-shaped wood materials usually several synthetic resin layers are applied one above the other. On the one hand, this simplifies the uniform curing of synthetic resins, on the other hand, the layers often have a different structure. For example, one of the synthetic resin layers is often mixed with corundum in order to increase the wear resistance of the surface. Typically, this happens with floor surfaces.

Die mehrschichtige Oberfläche von plattenförmigen Holzwerkstoffen weist oft auch eine Schicht mit farbgebenden Bestandteilen auf, die von transparenten Kunstharz-Schichten überdeckt wird. Speziell bei diesem Oberflächen-Aufbau wird deutlich, dass die Transparenz der elektrisch leitfähigen Partikel Einschränkungen für den Einsatz der plattenförmigen Holzwerkstoffe aufhebt, die bisher gegeben waren.The multi-layered surface of plate-shaped wooden materials often also has a layer of coloring constituents, which is covered by transparent synthetic resin layers. Especially in the case of this surface structure, it becomes clear that the transparency of the electrically conductive particles abolishes restrictions on the use of the plate-shaped wood-based materials which hitherto existed.

Details der Erfindung werden anhand der folgenden Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.

Fig.1:
Schematische Darstellung eines plattenförmigen Holzwerkstoffs mit leitfähigem Overlay als Oberflächenbeschichtung
Details of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Fig.1:
Schematic representation of a plate-shaped wood material with a conductive overlay as a surface coating

Beispiel 1example 1

Ein Overlay mit einem Flächengewicht von 40 g wird von Walzen durch eine an sich bekannte Imprägnieranlage mit Quetschwalzendosierung geführt. In einem Bad, durch dass das Overlay gezogen wird, wird Melaminharz mit einem Festkörper von 60% in das Papier eingebracht. Das Overlay wird nach Verlassen des Bades durch ein Walzenpaar geführt, an dem überschüssiges Kunstharz abgestreift wird. Das so imprägnierte Papier weist nach Zwischentrocknung ein Gewicht von 100 g/m2 auf.An overlay with a basis weight of 40 g is guided by rollers through a per se known impregnation plant with Quetwalzendosierung. In a bath, through which the overlay is pulled, melamine resin with a solids content of 60% is introduced into the paper. After leaving the bath, the overlay is passed through a pair of rollers on which excess synthetic resin is stripped off. The paper thus impregnated, after intermediate drying, has a weight of 100 g / m 2 .

Anschließend wird in einem Raster-Auftragswerk jeweils eine zusätzliche Melaminharz-Schicht von 20 g/m2 auf Ober- und Unterseite des Papiers aufgebracht. Die oberseitig aufgebrachte Melaminharz-Schicht ist mit -bezogen auf den Festkörper-Gehalt des Melaminharzes- 8 Gew.-% transparenten, elektrisch leitfähigen Partikeln versetzt, nämlich mit Glimmer-Partikeln, die mit Zinn und Antimon dotiert sind, und die einen Durchmesser von ca. 15 µm aufweisen. Das Overlay wird nach Auftragen der zweiten Melaminharz-Schicht getrocknet.Subsequently, in each case an additional melamine resin layer of 20 g / m 2 is applied to the top and bottom of the paper in a raster application work. The top side applied melamine resin layer is associated with-related to the solids content of the melamine resin 8 wt .-% transparent, electrically conductive particles, namely with mica particles, which are doped with tin and antimony, and a diameter of approx 15 μm. The overlay is dried after application of the second melamine resin layer.

Das Overlay wird auf einer hochdichten Faserplatte auf der bereits ein Dekorpapier aufgelegt ist, unter Einwirkung von Druck und Hitze verpresst. Die so entstandene Oberfläche der Faserplatte weist bei einer Prüfung des elektrostatischen Verhaltens nach IEC 60093 und EN 1081 einen spezifischen Oberflächenwiderstand von 3,0 x 1008 Ω auf. Wird eine derart beschichtete Faserplatte als Fußboden eingesetzt, wird sie gemäß DIN IEC 61340 -4-1:1997 als "Ableitfähiger Fußboden" oder gemäß EU 14041: 2004 -12-20 als "elektrostatisch ableitender Fußbodenbelag" eingestuft. Diese Einstufung war bisher bei Verwendung von Melaminharzen zur Oberflächenbeschichtung von Fußböden nicht zu erreichen.The overlay is pressed on a high-density fiberboard on which decorative paper is already applied, under pressure and heat. The resulting surface of the fiberboard has a surface resistivity of 3.0 x 10 08 Ω when tested for electrostatic behavior according to IEC 60093 and EN 1081. If such a coated fiberboard is used as floor, it is classified as "Ableitfähiger Fußboden" according to DIN IEC 61340 -4-1: 1997 or as "electrostatic dissipative floor covering" according to EU 14041: 2004 -12-20. This classification was previously unattainable when using melamine resins for surface coating of floors.

Der Begehtest nach EN 1815 ergibt auf einer isolierenden Unterlage bei einer Person in Gummisohlen eine sog. Personenspannung von 1,8 kV. Damit ist die mit dem vorbeschriebenen Overlay beschichtete Faserplatte als ableitfähiger Fußboden einzustufen, denn die Personenspannung von 2 kV wird deutlich unterschritten.The test according to EN 1815 results in a so-called person voltage of 1.8 kV on an insulating pad for a person in rubber soles. Thus, the coated with the above overlay fiberboard is classified as a conductive floor, because the personal voltage of 2 kV is well below.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Ein zur Verwendung für eine Tisch- bzw. Arbeitsplatte bestimmtes Dekorpapier 2 wird hergestellt, indem ein Trägerpapier mit einem Dekoraufdruck mit Melaminharz imprägniert wird. Auf dieses imprägnierte Papier 2 wird dann -wie im Beispiel 1 beschriebeneine Melaminharz-Schicht 3, die -bezogen auf den Festkörper-Gehalt des Melaminharzes- mit 10 Gew.-% der in Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Partikel 4 versetzt ist, und die mit 40 g/m2 auf das vorimprägnierte Papier 2 aufgebracht wird. Das so erzeugte Dekorpapier mit leitfähiger Oberseite wird auf eine Spanplatte aufgepresst.A decorative paper 2 intended to be used for a table top is made by impregnating a backing paper with a melamine resin decorative print. On top of this impregnated paper 2, as described in example 1, a melamine resin layer 3 is added, which is based on the solids content of the melamine resin with 10% by weight of the particles 4 described in example 1, and that with 40 g / m 2 is applied to the preimpregnated paper 2. The decorative paper with a conductive top surface thus produced is pressed onto a chipboard.

Diese Spanplatte 1 eignet sich zur Verwendung als Arbeitsplatte, insbesondere in der elektronischen Industrie, da der Oberflächenwiderstand der so hergestellten Melaminharz-Beschichtung 1007 Ω bis 1009 Ω beträgt. Sensible elektronische Bauteile, die durch stärkere elektrische Entladungen beschädigt oder zerstört werden, können auf diesen einfach und preiswert hergestellten Oberflächen gelagert oder bearbeitet werden.This chipboard 1 is suitable for use as a worktop, in particular in the electronic industry, since the surface resistance of the melamine resin coating thus produced is 10 07 Ω to 10 09 Ω. Sensitive electronic components that are damaged or destroyed by stronger electrical discharges can be stored or processed on these easily and inexpensively manufactured surfaces.

Claims (9)

Overlay, imprägniert mit mindestens einer Schicht Kunstharz, die mit elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Partikeln (10) versetzt ist.Overlay, impregnated with at least one layer of synthetic resin, which is mixed with electrically conductive, transparent particles (10). Overlay nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil an Partikel (10) bis zu 15 Gew.-% bezogen auf den Festkörper-Anteil des eingesetzten Kunstharzes beträgt, bevorzugt bis zu 10 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt bis zu 8 Gew.-% bezogen auf den Festkörper-Anteil des eingesetzten Kunstharzes.Overlay according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of particles (10) is up to 15 wt .-% based on the solids content of the resin used, preferably up to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably up to 8 wt. -% based on the solids content of the resin used. Overlay nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mit Partikeln (10) versetzte Kunstharz in einer Auftragsmenge von bis zu 40 g/m2, bevorzugt von bis zu 25 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt bis zu 15 g/m2, vorteilhaft bis zu 10 g/m2 auf das Overlay aufgetragen ist.Overlay according to Claim 1, characterized in that the particle (10) offset synthetic resin in a coverage of up to 40 g / m 2, preferably of up to 25 g / m 2, more preferably up to 15 g / m 2, advantageously up to 10 g / m 2 is applied to the overlay. Overlay nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mit Partikeln (10) versetzte Kunstharz als Schicht (12) mit einer Dicke von bis zu 30 µm, vorzugsweise von bis zu 20 µm, besonders bevorzugt von bis zu 10 µm auf das Overlay aufgetragen ist.Overlay according to Claim 1, characterized in that the resin mixed with particles (10) is applied to the overlay as a layer (12) having a thickness of up to 30 μm, preferably of up to 20 μm, particularly preferably of up to 10 μm , Overlay nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kunstharz transparent ist.Overlay according to claim 1, characterized in that the synthetic resin is transparent. Overlay nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Melaminharz als Kunstharz eingesetzt ist.Overlay according to claim 5, characterized in that melamine resin is used as synthetic resin. Overlay nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass neben der mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Partikel (10) versetzten Kunstharz-Schicht (12) mindestens eine zweite Kunstharz-Schicht auf das Overlay aufgetragen ist.Overlay according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in addition to the synthetic resin layer (12) offset with an electrically conductive, transparent particle (10), at least one second synthetic resin layer is applied to the overlay. Overlay nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Kunstharz-Schicht mit Korund versetzt ist.Overlay according to claim 7, characterized in that the second synthetic resin layer is mixed with corundum. Overlay nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es zur Beschichtung auf einem plattenförmigen Holzwerkstoff 1 verwendet wird.Overlay according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is used for coating on a plate-shaped wood material 1.
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