EP1756381B1 - Panel of a wooden material with a surface coating - Google Patents
Panel of a wooden material with a surface coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1756381B1 EP1756381B1 EP05746316A EP05746316A EP1756381B1 EP 1756381 B1 EP1756381 B1 EP 1756381B1 EP 05746316 A EP05746316 A EP 05746316A EP 05746316 A EP05746316 A EP 05746316A EP 1756381 B1 EP1756381 B1 EP 1756381B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lacquer
- panel
- coat
- wooden material
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 64
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 107
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 54
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003848 UV Light-Curing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001227 electron beam curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000528 Ricinus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032912 absorption of UV light Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003015 aliphatic polyurethane dispersion Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013615 primer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002987 primer (paints) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003847 radiation curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 zinc oxide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/06—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to wood
- B05D7/08—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to wood using synthetic lacquers or varnishes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
- B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
- B05D3/065—After-treatment
- B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
- B05D3/068—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using ionising radiations (gamma, X, electrons)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/56—Three layers or more
Definitions
- Wood materials that are processed into panels are usually surface-coated.
- the surface coating only the actual serviceability of the panels, since they decor, water resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, possibly stock against algae, fungi and / or insects lend.
- the surface coating is usually carried out by a coating of the panel with a resin impregnated decorative paper.
- the AT 351,744 describes the painting of a chipboard, wherein a first paint job is referred to as a primer.
- the primer is applied to both surfaces, top and bottom of the chipboard.
- a second paint job follows.
- the second lacquer layer is applied on one side only on the upper side of the chipboard.
- the paint application is at least 50 to 500 g / m 2 .
- the method proposed here dispenses with decorative paper. The aim is to save expensive equipment such as presses. In fact, however, the synthetic resin predominantly proposed here for the coating layers is melamine, one of the most expensive coating components.
- UV-curable coatings brings here remedy.
- An example of the use of UV-curable coatings shows the US 4,439,480 .
- an intermediate grinding is hitherto also preferred when using UV-curing paints, especially when - as in the US 6,475,623 - multi-layered and relatively thick surface coatings are used.
- the panel of wood material is coated according to a simple embodiment of the invention with a primer and, building on it, with at least two layers of paint. It has, however to achieve useful strength and wear properties proved sufficient to apply only very little paint.
- the coating of lacquer, the layer thickness is less than 120 ⁇ m in total, preferably less than 80 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 60 ⁇ m, advantageously less than 45 ⁇ m, particularly advantageously less than 30 ⁇ m.
- corundum is incorporated as a functional component in a lacquer layer, which is not the outermost lacquer layer.
- the varnish which essentially determines the performance characteristics of the panel, is applied in two or more layers.
- the above-mentioned layer thickness of up to 120 microns in total is not exceeded.
- the surface coating of the panel is substantially improved.
- the application of several thin layers of lacquer improves the load-bearing capacity or the resistance of the lacquer layer as a whole, making the coating more durable.
- a thin lacquer layer is understood as meaning a lacquer layer of up to 20 ⁇ m, preferably of up to 15 ⁇ m, advantageously of up to 10 ⁇ m.
- the at least two thin lacquer layers are preferably applied in such a way that in each case an already applied layer is gelatinized, and then already the next layer is applied.
- an already applied layer is gelatinized, and then already the next layer is applied.
- the individual layers thin and -ggf. by angelieren- sufficiently smoothly applied.
- the quality, in particular the smoothness of the thin lacquer layer also satisfies high optical and mechanical quality requirements.
- the lacquer layer applied according to the invention in a thin layer can be cured or reacted out with ultraviolet light (UV light) or by electro-jet hardening ESD, depending on the choice of the lacquer; the latter can also be used without the use of photoinitiators.
- UV light ultraviolet light
- ESD electro-jet hardening
- the application of various UV-curing lacquers is used to apply different lacquers, in particular matt lacquers and gloss lacquers, in layers, these layers covering the surface of the panel in sections. Matt varnish is applied in sections as a functional layer. In addition, a lacquer layer of gloss lacquer is applied. Already this simple two-layer surface coating allows optical effects.
- layers of matt varnish and gloss varnish are arranged in their layer sequence such that optically perceivable structures are formed. These structures are characterized by the fact that viewers perceive supposedly three-dimensional patterns. These plastic-looking patterns from a succession of gloss varnish and matt varnish layers can be used for the design of fantasy decors, but also for the reproduction of natural decors. Here, in particular, the replica of pore structures to think.
- An alternative to the production of optically perceivable structures can likewise be implemented according to the invention by introducing at least two functional layers.
- a first functional layer which partially covers the surface of the panel, and which repels a coloring coating
- at least one second layer which consists of a coloring coating, which covers the surface of the panel in sections.
- a first functional layer can be applied in sections with waxes or oils, which are the application of color or of a coloring coating to the surface of the wood material prevented. In this way, visually perceptible structures are generated.
- inventions of panels of wood-based material with visually perceptible structures by applying one or at least two functional layers preferably have surface coatings in which at least one functional layer is covered by at least one lacquer layer.
- the surface coating has at least one functional component which may be applied as an outer layer or as a layer arranged between the at least two lacquer layers. It should be emphasized that the at least one functional component combines well with the material of the paint layer. If the at least one functional component is applied as a layer, then the at least one functional layer bonds well with the paint layer (s). UV-curing paints are surprisingly extremely tolerant to functional components. The hardening and building up of a uniform surface coating is well possible according to the invention despite different combinations of functional components or layers of lacquer and other substances.
- the surface coating may also have two or more different functional components or layers. By way of example, mention may only be made of a layer for impact sound insulation and a layer for improving the fire resistance or two coloring layers and a layer of lacquer to which a functional component is added for adjusting the absorption of UV light.
- Additional components not belonging to the invention are often incorporated in one of the at least two paint layers, in particular if this forms the outer layer of the surface coating.
- the scratch resistance, the abrasion, the gloss but also properties such as an antibacterial effect or dissipative properties of the panel by selecting the appropriate UV or radiation-curing paint but also by selecting suitable components such.
- a main area of use for panels is in addition to the use as ceiling or wall coverings or countertop and the use as a floor covering.
- the suitability as a floor covering depends essentially on whether the surface of the panel is sufficiently resistant to the abrasion caused by the walking of the floor or the wear of chair castors and other objects. So that the usage parameters such as Abriebeigenschaften, chair roll resistance, stain resistance and the like of panels are comparable, are defined in EN 13329 classes of use for laminate, ie for wood-based panels, which are provided with a surface coating of decorative paper
- the use classes distinguish between the use of panels for residential purposes and for commercial purposes.
- the panels according to claim 1 in particular the floor panels, but also with countertops is dispensed with in the context of the surface coating just on the decorative paper. This is replaced by the extremely low paint application.
- the panels according to claim 1 using the EN 13329 classes of use are assigned, which are in any case the demands on residential demand fair.
- the product according to claim 1 is tested and evaluated using the same testing method prescribed by DIN EN 13329 for laminate. So z.
- the z. B. are predetermined for worktops.
- At least one functional layer which, however, does not have to be on the surface of the coated panel, is made of an elastomer.
- an elastomer ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or other suitable polyolefins or plastic mixtures containing EVA or at least one other polyolefin, but also polyurethanes, in particular thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) are suitable for this purpose.
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
- TPU thermoplastic polyurethanes
- the elastic properties of these materials greatly improve the room acoustics as well as the sound insulating properties of the panel. In particular, the improved impact sound insulation through the use of EVA should be emphasized.
- a damping effect on the joints of persons who make these floor panels is also to be observed.
- Such with functional components or layers providing panels are particularly suitable for sports halls.
- the sound-insulating properties come, for example, in wall or ceiling panels whose surface is increased, especially for effect.
- the elastomer is applied in a layer thickness of 0.1 mm up to 10 mm. Even a single layer of an elastomer contributes significantly to the insulation of impact sound.
- UV-absorbing substances or compounds are usually metal compounds, in particular metal oxides such as zinc oxide, for which it is known that they reflect UV light or absorb. Preferred is or this substance is transparent. It is further preferred if this functional component is used in the final lacquer layer, or is arranged at or near the surface of the surface coating. It has a special protective effect when applied above coloring or UV-light changeable coatings.
- a flame retardant or fire resistance of the wood material increasing substance is used as an additional component.
- Flame retardant or fire resistance improving substances are known per se. These include, for example, water glass or other inorganic substances such as vermiculite. Preferably, transparent substances are also used here.
- Genörend As additional component preferably also a substance or a mixture of substances is used, with which the sliding resistance of the surface of the wood material is to be adjusted. Typical substances are wax or oils or mixtures thereof, but also mineral substances, especially fine-grained sand.
- This layer is preferably arranged as an outer layer of the surface. It is also advantageous to incorporate into the surface coating of a panel at least one component with which the haptic properties of the surface of the wood-based material or the coated panel are to be set. Again, waxes, oils or mixtures thereof and mineral substances such.
- B. fine-grained sand which are used as so-called matting agent to give the surface of the panel a velvety handle.
- This functional component can be applied both as an outer layer of the surface coating. But it can also be arranged within the layer structure, since the surface coating as a rule is generally so thin that z. B. also arranged between the paint layers layers to adjust the feel are effective.
- a topcoat with a given degree of gloss which influences the gloss level of the surface coating or the surface of the panel.
- the disclosure also includes a panel, which is provided as a complementary functional layer, a substance is applied to adjust the antistatic properties of the surface of the wood material.
- the antistatic properties of the surface of the wood material can be adjusted by adding carbon black, but the coloring is severely limited.
- surfactants can be added as another functional component to promote water retention in the paint.
- conductive fabrics can be used, which in turn affects the appearance of the surface. It is preferred to use transparent, conductive particles as additional component or layer.
- transparent conductive particles are produced for example by applying metal oxides to carrier particles.
- a mica particle doped with tin and antimony oxide is suitable.
- Transparent particles may have a platy or spherical shape. Good conductivity and transparency as well as optimum conductivity is achieved with particles having a diameter of up to 25 microns, preferably up to 15 microns, preferably up to 10 microns.
- the electrically conductive, transparent particle is contained in only one layer of a multilayer synthetic resin structure on an overlay or a plate-shaped wooden material. It suffice to 15% by weight (wt .-%) electrically conductive, transparent particles based on the solids content of the resin, preferably up to 10 wt .-%, more preferably up to 8 wt .-% of particles based on the Solid portion of the resin used.
- a dissipative surface on an overlay or a plate-shaped wooden material is built when at least one layer, that is, up to 40 g / m 2 of a transparent, conductive particles mixed resin are applied.
- up to 25 g / m 2 more preferably up to 15 g / m 2 , advantageously up to 10 g / m 2 are sufficient.
- the layer structure of the respective surface can easily exceed 100 g / m 2 in the case of a multilayer structure. Nevertheless, only one layer of the particulate resin suffices to obtain a surface having significantly improved dissipation capability.
- the surface coating of the panel may be provided according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention after the application and curing of the paint still with an additional plastic deformation.
- relief-like embossments are introduced, which are durable.
- the seal does not crack, it does not crack, it absorbs deformations of a depth suitable for reproducing natural materials.
- embossing can thus be achieved that the surface of a surface-coated workpiece is perceived as a close replica of natural substances, as touching the surface exactly conveys the structure that is known from natural substances. This perception is supported in most cases by a coordinated color scheme.
- a wood-based panel can simulate certain types of wood by applying one or more coats of paint.
- the plastically deformed surface of the sealed panel then complements the pore structure familiar from the real wood model.
- the at least two layers of paint are applied directly to the primer.
- a surface coating is quite functional, but it rarely meets aesthetic requirements. Therefore, at least one, usually at least two layers of color are preferably applied as a further functional layer between the primer and the lacquer layer. If necessary, adhesion promoters or putty layers can also be applied to the primer in order to improve the substrate for the application of paint.
- the paint usually adheres very well to the primer.
- the adhesion of the paint to the paint may, according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, be improved if necessary by adding at least 5% (w / w) paint to the paint before it is applied. Possibly.
- the varnish may be added to single or all color layers if more than one color layer is applied.
- a panel of wood material one of which, for use, for. B. for committing or work specific side is provided with a surface coating on the opposite side, usually referred to as the bottom, at least partially coated with paint.
- This at least partially applied paint replaces the usual papers or veneers, which were used as a countermove.
- a counter-pull is required in order to compensate for the forces occurring in connection with the surface coating, in particular shrinkage stresses occurring during drying or hardening of the surface coating.
- the paint application on the underside of the panel can be done in very small quantities. It suffice up to 120 g / m 2 , preferably up to 80 g / m 2 , more preferably up to 60 g / m 2 , advantageously up to 45 g / m 2 , preferably up to 30 g / m 2 .
- On a closed lacquer layer it does not matter, but it depends on the shrinkage, which develops the paint applied to the underside during curing. Paints are known and available which shrink very differently when applied and cured on wood-based materials within a wide range. A varnish is selected whose shrinkage is capable of compensating for the deformation created by the particular surface coating. Although the forces that occur can also be calculated, it has proven to be easier to determine the suitable lacquer for the underside of a panel by simple tests.
- the paint applied to the underside can be chosen as desired. It can be a solvent-based or water-based paint that dries or hardens when exposed to heat. But it may also be a curing by means of UV light or electron beam curing lacquer.
- Regularly coatings of the surface of a panel still require a fixation, usually called curing or reacting. As described in connection with the panel according to the invention, it may also be a partial hardening or reacting.
- a typical use of the curing agent is to look at the setting of UV-curing paints, which were applied immediately before on the surface of a panel. Only after the application of the final lacquer layer is the curing agent used so that the coating is cured as a whole.
- Means for curing are therefore preferably designed as UV light-emitting devices or as devices for electron beam curing, but it can also be known devices in which the curing takes place by supplying heat.
- a commercial primer is rolled on.
- the order quantity is approx. 14 g / m 2 .
- This primer fills out bumps, smoothes fibers and improves the water-repellent properties of the hardboard.
- the primer is essentially an aliphatic polyurethane dispersion (80 to 90% by weight), which in combination with an acrylate copolymer emulsion (between 10 and 15% by weight) and small amounts of water (less than 2% by weight) and conventional additives for stabilization and defoaming (between 2 and 5% by weight) is applied to the hardboard.
- a first and a second coat of paint is applied on the dried primer then a first and a second coat of paint is applied.
- Each 30 g / m 2 of a varnish which cures under UV light are applied first, then the curing is initiated under the action of UV light, but not completed.
- the second lacquer layer is then applied to the partially cured first lacquer layer. This lacquer layer is exposed to UV light, but not completely cured.
- Corundum is added to each of the first two layers of lacquer.
- the paint is composed as follows: The proportion of corundum is 20 to 25% by weight.
- An aliphatic polyurethane acrylate accounts for 15 to 25% by weight. 45 to 55% by weight makes up a highly functional, aliphatic polyester acrylate. 2 to 10% by weight contribute additives which serve, for example, for defoaming, for stabilizing the varnish, for accelerating curing or for preventing discoloration of the varnish. Paints of this composition are commercially available.
- a UV-curing topcoat with 12 g / m 2 is applied to these first two layers of lacquer.
- the subsequently used UV light cures finally All three applied paint layers, which is readily possible due to the overall low order quantities.
- the topcoat is composed such that aliphatic high-functionality polyester acrylate occupies about 30 to 50% by weight, aliphatic polyurethane acrylate about 15-25% by weight, monomers are added at 5 to 15% by weight, silicatic constituents make up about 5 to 20% by weight and additives are added in amounts of 10 to 25% by weight. Also such paints are commercially available.
- the panels produced from the thus-coated hardboard are suitable for use as a floor covering.
- an abrasion of 2,400 they are assigned to the abrasion class AC 3 and thus to use class 31 (commercial use) in accordance with EN 13329.
- the coating of the panel described above takes place by means of roller application. Both the primer is applied with a roller and the paint layers.
- the rollers that apply the paint layers are each part of a processing unit, which is assigned in addition to the rollers and a UV light unit for fishing or curing of the paint.
- the first two processing units are designed so that the means of application, the UV light units, the applied lacquer layer only angel Schl. Only the UV light unit of the third processing unit causes complete curing of the applied paint layers.
- the device can be set at working speeds of 45 m / min or 55 m / min, depending on the type of coating to be applied.
- a primer 14 g / m 2
- TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
- a color print is applied to the TPU to produce a wood effect on the light wood-colored substrate of the TPU.
- UV-curing lacquer is applied in a layer thickness of 30 microns.
- three layers of UV-curing lacquers are applied in a layer thickness of 15 ⁇ m in each case.
- the HDF board which is provided with three layers of UV varnish, complies with the specifications for a commercially usable floor according to EN 13329 for service class 32.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Description
Holzwerkstoffe, die zu Paneelen verarbeitet werden, sind in der Regel oberflächenbeschichtet. Die Oberflächenbeschichtung bewirkt erst die eigentliche Gebrauchsfähigkeit der Paneele, da sie Dekor, Wasserfestigkeit, Abriebfestigkeit, Chemikalienbeständigkeit, ggf. Bestand gegen Algen, Pilze und/oder Insekten verleihen. Die Oberflächenbeschichtung erfolgt üblicherweise durch eine Beschichtung des Paneels mit einem kunstharzgetränkten Dekorpapier.Wood materials that are processed into panels are usually surface-coated. The surface coating only the actual serviceability of the panels, since they decor, water resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, possibly stock against algae, fungi and / or insects lend. The surface coating is usually carried out by a coating of the panel with a resin impregnated decorative paper.
Alternativen zur Beschichtung mit Dekorpapier sind beschrieben, beispielsweise in der
Das Auftragen optisch zufriedenstellender Lackschichten erfordert bisher, das Schleifschichten im Lackaufbau vorgesehen werden, die nach dem Auftragen und Aushärten einer ersten Lackschicht diese erste Lackschicht überdecken. Die Schleifschichten werden jeweils weitgehend oder vollständig wieder abgeschliffen, um eine glatte Unterlage für die nächste Lackschicht zu erhalten. Dieses mehrschichtige Vorgehen mit zwischenschleifen ist erforderlich, um optisch ansprechende Lackierungen zu erhalten.The application of optically satisfactory lacquer layers so far requires that abrasive layers are provided in the paint structure, after application and curing a first coat of paint cover this first coat of paint. The abrasive layers are largely or completely sanded off again to obtain a smooth surface for the next coat of paint. This multi-layer procedure with intermediate grinding is required to obtain visually appealing coatings.
Das Auftragen von UV-härtbaren Lacken bringt hier Abhilfe. Ein Beispiel für den Einsatz UV-härtbarer Lacke zeigt die
Auch die Verwendung von Dekorpapier ist kostenintensiv und bringt Nachteile mit sich, insbesondere das Schrumpfen des Dekorpapiers beim Aushärten ist als nachteilig anzusehen, da es aufwändig ist, die mit dem Schrumpfen einhergehenden Verwerfungen der Paneele zu vermeiden.The use of decorative paper is cost-intensive and has disadvantages, in particular the shrinkage of the decorative paper during curing is to be regarded as disadvantageous, since it is expensive to avoid the associated with the shrinkage faults of the panels.
Abgesehen von der Oberflächenbeschichtung eines Holzwerkstoff-Paneels, mit der die einfache Gebrauchsfähigkeit hergestellt wird, sind zunehmend Oberflächen-Ausrüstungen nachgefragt, die besonderen Anforderungen wie Abrasionsfestigkeit, Geräusch- und Trittschalldämmung, aufwändiger Farbgebung, besonderer Wärmeleitfähigkeit oder elektrischer Leitfähigkeit bzw. -Ableitfähigkeit und dergleichen stellen. Das Anpassen der Holzwerkstoff-Paneele an solche Anforderungen ist von besonderer Bedeutung für die vollständige Erschließung des Marktes.Apart from the surface coating of a wood-based panel, with which the ease of use is produced, surface finishes are increasingly in demand, the special requirements such as abrasion resistance, noise and impact sound insulation, elaborate color, special thermal conductivity or electrical conductivity or Abzubfähigkeit and the like , The adaptation of the wood-based panels to such requirements is of particular importance for the full development of the market.
Es besteht daher Bedarf an einem Paneel aus Holzwerkstoff mit einer Oberflächenbeschichtung, insbesondere einer Oberflächenbeschichtung die mindestens eine funktionale Schicht einschließt, die optisch wahrnehmbare Strukturen bilden, wobei die Oberflächenbeschichtung preiswert und einfach aufzubringen ist. Weiter sind ein Verfahren zum Beschichten von Holzwerkstoffen und eine Vorrichtung hierfür vorzuschlagen.There is therefore a need for a panel of wood-based material having a surface coating, in particular a surface coating which includes at least one functional layer forming optically perceivable structures, the surface coating being inexpensive and easy to apply. Furthermore, a method for coating wood-based materials and a device for this purpose are to be proposed.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit einem Paneel nach Anspruch 1. Das Paneel aus Holzwerkstoff ist nach einer einfachen Ausführung der Erfindung mit einer Grundierung und, darauf aufbauend, mit mindestens zwei Lackschichten überzogen. Es hat sich jedoch zum Erreichen gebrauchstüchtiger Festigkeits- und Verschleißeigenschaften als ausreichend erwiesen, nur sehr wenig Lack aufzutragen. Der Auftrag an Lack, die Schichtdicke, beträgt insgesamt weniger als 120 µm, vorzugsweise weniger als 80 µm, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 60 µm, vorteilhaft weniger als 45 µm, besonders vorteilhaft weniger als 30 µm.This object is achieved with a panel according to claim 1. The panel of wood material is coated according to a simple embodiment of the invention with a primer and, building on it, with at least two layers of paint. It has, however to achieve useful strength and wear properties proved sufficient to apply only very little paint. The coating of lacquer, the layer thickness, is less than 120 μm in total, preferably less than 80 μm, more preferably less than 60 μm, advantageously less than 45 μm, particularly advantageously less than 30 μm.
Das Einbringen von Korund mit dem Lack steigert auch bei Paneelen nach Anspruch 1 die Abriebfestigkeit, die ein wesentlicher Parameter zur Bestimmung der Nutzungsklassen gemäß DIN EN 13329 ist. Allenfalls ist die Körnung des Korunds feiner zu wählen, zur Anpassung an die dünnere Lackschicht. Korund wird als funktionale Komponente in eine Lackschicht eingebracht, die nicht die äußerste Lackschicht ist.The introduction of corundum with the paint increases even with panels according to claim 1, the abrasion resistance, which is an essential parameter for determining the use classes according to DIN EN 13329. At most, the grain size of the corundum is finer to choose, to adapt to the thinner paint layer. Corundum is incorporated as a functional component in a lacquer layer, which is not the outermost lacquer layer.
Der Lack, der wesentlich die Gebrauchseigenschaften des Paneels bestimmt, wird in zwei oder mehr Schichten aufgetragen. Dabei wird die vorstehend angegebene Schichtdicke von bis zu 120 µm insgesamt nicht überschritten. Durch diese Maßnahme wird die Oberflächenbeschichtung des Paneels wesentlich verbessert. Beim Auftragen mehrerer dünner Schichten wird z. B., anders als im Stand der Technik, keine unerwünschte Struktur in der Oberfläche abgebildet, beim Aufwalzen des Lacks also keine Walzstruktur. Weiter werden unerwünschte Änderungen in der Optik der Lackschicht vermieden, die beim Auftragen dicker Lackschichten kaum zu vermeiden sind. Zudem verbessert sich durch das Auftragen mehrerer dünner Lackschichten die Belastbarkeit bzw. die Widerstandsfähigkeit der Lackschicht insgesamt, die Beschichtung wird strapazierfähiger. Als dünne Lackschicht wird im Zusammenhang mit dieser Erfindung eine Lackschicht von bis zu 20 µm, vorzugsweise von bis zu 15 µm, vorteilhaft von bis zu 10 µm verstanden.The varnish, which essentially determines the performance characteristics of the panel, is applied in two or more layers. In this case, the above-mentioned layer thickness of up to 120 microns in total is not exceeded. By this measure, the surface coating of the panel is substantially improved. When applying several thin layers z. B., unlike in the prior art, no unwanted structure imaged in the surface, when rolling the paint so no rolling structure. Furthermore, undesirable changes in the appearance of the lacquer layer are avoided, which can hardly be avoided when applying thick layers of lacquer. In addition, the application of several thin layers of lacquer improves the load-bearing capacity or the resistance of the lacquer layer as a whole, making the coating more durable. In the context of this invention, a thin lacquer layer is understood as meaning a lacquer layer of up to 20 μm, preferably of up to 15 μm, advantageously of up to 10 μm.
Bevorzugt werden die mindestens zwei dünnen Lackschichten bei Einsatz von UV-härtenden Lacken in der Weise aufgebracht, dass jeweils eine bereits aufgetragene Schicht angeliert wird, und dann bereits die nächste Schicht aufgetragen wird. Abgesehen von dem schnellen Auftragen der dünnen Lackschichten kann dabei auf das Aufbringen einer Schleifschicht und das anschließende Schleifen der einzelnen Lackschichten vor dem Aufbringen der jeweils nächsten Schicht verzichtet werden, weil die einzelnen Schichten dünn und -ggf. durch angelieren- ausreichend glatt aufgetragen werden können. Die Qualität, insbesondere die Glätte der dünnen Lackschicht genügt dabei auch hohen optischen und mechanischen Qualitätsansprüchen.When using UV-curing lacquers, the at least two thin lacquer layers are preferably applied in such a way that in each case an already applied layer is gelatinized, and then already the next layer is applied. Apart from the fast application of the thin layers of paint can be dispensed with the application of an abrasive layer and the subsequent grinding of the individual paint layers before applying the next layer, because the individual layers thin and -ggf. by angelieren- sufficiently smoothly applied. The quality, in particular the smoothness of the thin lacquer layer also satisfies high optical and mechanical quality requirements.
Die erfindungsgemäß in dünner Schicht aufgetragene Lackschicht kann -je nach Wahl des Lacks - mit ultraviolettem Licht (UV-Licht) oder durch Elektrostrahl-Härtung ESD ausgehärtet bzw. ausreagiert werden, letztere kann auch ohne Einsatz von Photoinitiatoren angewandt werden.The lacquer layer applied according to the invention in a thin layer can be cured or reacted out with ultraviolet light (UV light) or by electro-jet hardening ESD, depending on the choice of the lacquer; the latter can also be used without the use of photoinitiators.
Erfindungsgemäß wird der Auftrag verschiedener UV-härtender Lacke dazu genutzt, unterschiedliche Lacke, insbesondere Mattlacke und Glanzlacke in Schichten aufzubringen, wobei diese Schichten die Oberfläche des Paneels jeweils abschnittweise bedecken. Mattlack wird als funktionale Schicht abschnittsweise aufgebracht. Darüber wird eine Lackschicht aus Glanzlack aufgebracht. Bereits diese einfache zweischichtige Oberflächenbeschichtung ermöglicht optische Effekte. Erfindungsgemäß sind Schichten von Mattlack und Glanzlack in ihrer Schichtfolge derart angeordnet, dass sich optisch wahrnehmbare Strukturen bilden. Diese Strukturen zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass Betrachter vermeintlich dreidimensionale Muster wahrnehmen. Diese plastisch wirkenden Muster aus einer Folge von Glanzlack- und Mattlack-Schichten können zur Gestaltung von Phantasiedekoren, aber auch zur Nachbildung von Naturdekoren eingesetzt werden. Hier ist insbesondere an die Nachbildung von Porenstrukturen zu denken.According to the invention, the application of various UV-curing lacquers is used to apply different lacquers, in particular matt lacquers and gloss lacquers, in layers, these layers covering the surface of the panel in sections. Matt varnish is applied in sections as a functional layer. In addition, a lacquer layer of gloss lacquer is applied. Already this simple two-layer surface coating allows optical effects. According to the invention, layers of matt varnish and gloss varnish are arranged in their layer sequence such that optically perceivable structures are formed. These structures are characterized by the fact that viewers perceive supposedly three-dimensional patterns. These plastic-looking patterns from a succession of gloss varnish and matt varnish layers can be used for the design of fantasy decors, but also for the reproduction of natural decors. Here, in particular, the replica of pore structures to think.
Eine Alternative zur Herstellung optisch wahrnehmbarer Strukturen kann ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß über das Einbringen von mindestens zwei funktionalen Schichten umgesetzt werden. Eine erste funktionale Schicht, die die Oberfläche des Paneels abschnittsweise bedeckt, und die eine farbgebende Beschichtung abstößt, sowie mindestens eine zweite Schicht, die aus einer farbgebenden Beschichtung besteht, die die Oberfläche des Paneels abschnittsweise bedeckt. Beispielsweise kann eine erste funktionale Schicht mit Wachsen oder Ölen abschnittsweise aufgetragen sein, die das Aufziehen von Farbe bzw. von einer farbgebenden Beschichtung auf die Oberfläche des HolzWerkstoffs verhindert. Auf diese Weise werden optisch wahrnehmbare Strukturen erzeugt.An alternative to the production of optically perceivable structures can likewise be implemented according to the invention by introducing at least two functional layers. A first functional layer, which partially covers the surface of the panel, and which repels a coloring coating, and at least one second layer, which consists of a coloring coating, which covers the surface of the panel in sections. For example, a first functional layer can be applied in sections with waxes or oils, which are the application of color or of a coloring coating to the surface of the wood material prevented. In this way, visually perceptible structures are generated.
Die vorbeschriebenen Ausführungsformen von Paneelen aus Holzwerkstoff mit optisch wahrnehmbaren Strukturen durch Aufbringen von einer oder von mindestens zwei funktionalen Schichten weisen bevorzugt Oberflächenbeschichtungen auf, bei denen mindestens eine funktionale Schicht von mindestens einer Lackschicht überdeckt ist.The above-described embodiments of panels of wood-based material with visually perceptible structures by applying one or at least two functional layers preferably have surface coatings in which at least one functional layer is covered by at least one lacquer layer.
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Oberflächen beschichtung mindestens eine funktionale Komponente auf, die als außen liegende Schicht oder als zwischen den mindestens zwei Lackschichten angeordnete Schicht aufgetragen sein kann. Hervorzuheben ist, dass sich die mindestens eine funktionale Komponente gut mit dem Werkstoff der Lackschicht verbindet. Wird die mindestens eine funktionale Komponente als Schicht aufgetragen, so verbindet sich die mindestens eine funktionale Schicht gut mit der oder den Lackschichten. UV-härtende Lacke sind überraschenderweise gegenüber funktionalen Komponenten außerordentlich tolerant. Das Aushärten und Aufbauen einer einheitlichen Oberflächenbeschichtung ist trotz unterschiedlicher Kombinationen aus funktionalen Komponenten bzw. Schichten aus Lack und anderen Substanzen erfindungsgemäß gut möglich. So, wie ein- und dieselben funktionale Komponenten oder Schichten ein- oder mehrschichtig in die Oberflächenbeschichtung integriert sein können, kann die Oberflächenbeschichtung auch zwei oder mehr unterschiedliche funktionale Komponenten oder Schichten aufweisen. Beispielhaft sei nur genannt eine Schicht zur Trittschalldämmung und eine Schicht zur Verbesserung der Brandbeständigkeit oder zwei farbgebende Schichten und eine Schicht aus Lack, dem eine funktionale Komponente beigegeben ist zur Einstellung der Absorption von UV-Licht.According to the invention, the surface coating has at least one functional component which may be applied as an outer layer or as a layer arranged between the at least two lacquer layers. It should be emphasized that the at least one functional component combines well with the material of the paint layer. If the at least one functional component is applied as a layer, then the at least one functional layer bonds well with the paint layer (s). UV-curing paints are surprisingly extremely tolerant to functional components. The hardening and building up of a uniform surface coating is well possible according to the invention despite different combinations of functional components or layers of lacquer and other substances. Just as one and the same functional components or layers may be integrated in one or more layers in the surface coating, the surface coating may also have two or more different functional components or layers. By way of example, mention may only be made of a layer for impact sound insulation and a layer for improving the fire resistance or two coloring layers and a layer of lacquer to which a functional component is added for adjusting the absorption of UV light.
Zusätzliche nicht zur Erfindung gehörende Komponenten sind vielfach in eine der mindestens zwei Lackschichten eingearbeitet, insbesondere, wenn diese die äußere Schicht der Oberflächenbeschichtung bildet. So wird beispielsweise die Kratzfestigkeit, der Abrieb, der Glanzgrad aber auch Eigenschaften wie eine antibakterielle Wirkung oder ableitende Eigenschaften des Paneels sowohl durch Auswahl des geeigneten UV- oder Strahlungshärtenden Lacks aber auch durch Auswahl geeigneter Komponenten wie z. B.Additional components not belonging to the invention are often incorporated in one of the at least two paint layers, in particular if this forms the outer layer of the surface coating. For example, the scratch resistance, the abrasion, the gloss but also properties such as an antibacterial effect or dissipative properties of the panel by selecting the appropriate UV or radiation-curing paint but also by selecting suitable components such. B.
Nanosilber zur Erzeugung einer antibakteriellen Wirkung oder leitfähige Stoffe zur Gewährleistung gegebener Ableitfähigkeit, aber auch durch Korund zur Einstellung des Abriebs bestimmtNanosilver to produce an antibacterial effect or conductive substances to ensure given Ableitfähigkeit, but also determined by corundum to adjust the abrasion
Ein Haupteinsatzbereich für Paneele ist neben der Verwendung als Decken- oder Wandbekleidung oder Arbeitsplatte auch der Gebrauch als Fußbodenbelag. Die Eignung als Fußbodenbelag hängt wesentlich davon ab, ob die Oberfläche des Paneels ausreichend widerstandsfähig ist gegen den Abrieb der durch das Begehen des Fußbodens bzw. die Abnutzung durch Stuhlrollen und andere Gegenstände verursacht wird. Damit die Nutzungsparameter wie Abriebeigenschaften, Stuhlrollenfestigkeit, Fleckenunempfindlichkeit und dergleichen von Paneelen vergleichbar werden, sind in der EN 13329 Nutzungsklassen für Laminat festgelegt, also für Holzwerkstoffpaneele, die mit einer Oberflächenbeschichtung aus Dekorpapier versehen sindA main area of use for panels is in addition to the use as ceiling or wall coverings or countertop and the use as a floor covering. The suitability as a floor covering depends essentially on whether the surface of the panel is sufficiently resistant to the abrasion caused by the walking of the floor or the wear of chair castors and other objects. So that the usage parameters such as Abriebeigenschaften, chair roll resistance, stain resistance and the like of panels are comparable, are defined in EN 13329 classes of use for laminate, ie for wood-based panels, which are provided with a surface coating of decorative paper
Die Nutzungsklassen unterscheiden zwischen der Nutzung von Paneelen für Wohnzwecke und für gewerbliche Zwecke. Auch die Eignung als Arbeitsplatte, z. B. in Labors oder Werkstätten, erfordert besondere Verschleißfestigkeit, die durch besondere Prüfungen nachgewiesen wird, insbesondere durch die EN 310, 319, 323, 324-1, 438 mit Anforderungen an Abrieb, Kratzfestigkeit, Rissanfälligkeit, Lichtechtheit, Flecken-Unempfindlichkeit und Verhalten gegenüber Wasserdampf, Toptböden und Zigarettenglut sowie der prEN 717 und der DIN 52612.The use classes distinguish between the use of panels for residential purposes and for commercial purposes. The suitability as a countertop, z. As in laboratories or workshops, requires special wear resistance, which is detected by special tests, in particular by the EN 310, 319, 323, 324-1, 438 with requirements for abrasion, scratch resistance, susceptibility to cracking, light fastness, stain resistance and behavior against Water vapor, topsoils and cigarette embers as well as prEN 717 and DIN 52612.
Bei den Paneelen nach Anspruch 1, insbesondere den Fußbodenpaneelen, aber auch bei Arbeitsplatten wird im Zusammenhang mit der Oberflächenbeschichtung gerade auf das Dekorpapier verzichtet. Dieses wird durch den außerordentlich geringen Lackauftrag ersetzt. Trotz des geringen Lackauftrags sind die Paneele nach Anspruch 1 unter Anwendung der EN 13329 Nutzungsklassen zuzuordnen, die auf jeden Fall den Ansprüchen an Wohnbeanspruchung gerecht werden. Das Produkt nach Anspruch 1 wird dabei mit den gleichen Prüfungsverfahren geprüft und bewertet, die die DIN EN 13329 für Laminat vorschreibt. So wird z. B. bei Paneelen, die mit der erfindungsgemäßen dünnen Lackschicht versehen sind, gemäß EN 13329 die Bewertung "Nutzungsklasse 31" (gewerblicher Bereich) erreicht, sofern Korund in eine erste, nicht außenliegende dünne Lackschicht eingebettet ist. Dies ist als außerordentlicher wirtschaftlicher Vorteil anzusehen, da mit minimalem Lackeinsatz eine hohe Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Abrieb erreicht wird. Gleichfalls werden mit der erfindungsgemäßen Oberflächenbeschichtung die hohen Anforderungen der Normen erreicht, die z. B. für Arbeitsplatten vorgegeben sind.In the panels according to claim 1, in particular the floor panels, but also with countertops is dispensed with in the context of the surface coating just on the decorative paper. This is replaced by the extremely low paint application. Despite the low paint application, the panels according to claim 1 using the EN 13329 classes of use are assigned, which are in any case the demands on residential demand fair. The product according to claim 1 is tested and evaluated using the same testing method prescribed by DIN EN 13329 for laminate. So z. Example, in panels that are provided with the thin lacquer layer according to the invention, according to EN 13329 the rating "use class 31" (commercial area) achieved, if corundum is embedded in a first, not external thin lacquer layer. This is to be regarded as an extraordinary economic advantage because with minimal use of paint a high resistance to abrasion is achieved. Likewise, the high requirements of the standards are achieved with the surface coating according to the invention, the z. B. are predetermined for worktops.
Zuzätlich nicht zum Erfindung Gehörend, ist mindestens eine funktionale Schicht, die jedoch nicht an der Oberfläche des beschichteten Paneels liegen muss, aus einem Elastomer. Insbesondere Ethylen-vinyl-acetat (EVA) oder andere geeignete Polyolefine oder Kunststoff-Mischungen, die EVA oder mindestens ein anderes Polyolefin enthalten, aber auch Polyurethane, insbesondere thermoplastische Polyurethane (TPU) sind hierfür geeignet. Die elastischen Eigenschaften dieser Materialien verbessern die raumakustischen Eigenschaften, aber auch die schalldämmenden Eigenschaften des Paneels sehr. Insbesondere die verbesserte Trittschalldämmung durch den Einsatz von EVA ist hervorzuheben. Bei Fußbodenpaneelen ist, insbesondere bei Elastomeren, die mit stärkerer Schichtdicke (z. B. 5 mm und mehr) aufgetragen sind, auch ein dämpfender Effekt auf die Gelenke von Personen festzustellen, die diese Fußbodenpaneele begehen. Derart mit funktionalen Komponenten bzw. Schichten versehende Paneele sind insbesondere für Sporthallen geeignet. Die schalldämmenden Eigenschaften kommen beispielsweise bei Wand- oder Deckenpaneelen, deren Oberfläche vergrößert ist, besonders zur Wirkung. Das Elastomer wird in einer Schichtdicke von 0,1 mm bis zu 10 mm aufgetragen. Bereits eine einzige Schicht eines Elastomers trägt wesentlich zur Dämmung des Trittschalls bei. Es ist aber auch möglich, mehrere Schichten anzuordnen, die ggf. durch Lackschichten oder andere funktionale Schichten getrennt sind. Die Bindung zwischen Grundierung, Elastomer und Lackschicht ist dabei gut. Sie hält auch starken Belastungen, z. B. der gewerblichen Nutzung, stand.Not to be understood as belonging to the invention, at least one functional layer, which, however, does not have to be on the surface of the coated panel, is made of an elastomer. In particular, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or other suitable polyolefins or plastic mixtures containing EVA or at least one other polyolefin, but also polyurethanes, in particular thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) are suitable for this purpose. The elastic properties of these materials greatly improve the room acoustics as well as the sound insulating properties of the panel. In particular, the improved impact sound insulation through the use of EVA should be emphasized. In the case of floor panels, in particular in the case of elastomers which are applied with thicker layers (for example 5 mm and more), a damping effect on the joints of persons who make these floor panels is also to be observed. Such with functional components or layers providing panels are particularly suitable for sports halls. The sound-insulating properties come, for example, in wall or ceiling panels whose surface is increased, especially for effect. The elastomer is applied in a layer thickness of 0.1 mm up to 10 mm. Even a single layer of an elastomer contributes significantly to the insulation of impact sound. However, it is also possible to arrange a plurality of layers, which are optionally separated by lacquer layers or other functional layers. The bond between primer, elastomer and lacquer layer is good. It also holds strong loads, eg. As the commercial use, stood.
Zuzätlich Nicht zur Erfindung Genörend, ist als funktionale Komponente eine UV-Licht absorbierende Substanz eingesetzt. Typischerweise bieten sich hier Körper oder Substanzen mit Abmessungen im Nanobereich, also mit Abmessungen bis zu 950 nm. UV-Licht absorbierende Substanzen oder Verbindungen sind meist Metallverbindungen, insbesondere Metalloxide wie Zinkoxid an, für die bekannt ist, dass sie UV-Licht reflektieren bzw. absorbieren. Bevorzugt ist oder wirkt diese Substanz transparent. Weiter bevorzugt wird, wenn diese funktionale Komponente in der abschließenden Lackschicht eingesetzt ist, bzw. an oder nahe der Oberfläche der Oberflächenbeschichtung angeordnet ist. Sie entfaltet besondere Schutzwirkung, wenn sie oberhalb von farbgebenden oder durch UV-Licht veränderbaren Beschichtungen aufgetragen ist.In addition To the invention Genorend, is used as a functional component of a UV-absorbing substance. Typically, here are bodies or substances with dimensions in the nano range, so with dimensions up to 950 nm. UV light-absorbing substances or compounds are usually metal compounds, in particular metal oxides such as zinc oxide, for which it is known that they reflect UV light or absorb. Preferred is or this substance is transparent. It is further preferred if this functional component is used in the final lacquer layer, or is arranged at or near the surface of the surface coating. It has a special protective effect when applied above coloring or UV-light changeable coatings.
Zuzätlich Nicht zur Erfindung Gekörend ist als zusätzliche Komponente eine flammhemmende oder die Brandbeständigkeit des Holzwerkstoffs erhöhende Substanz eingesetzt. Flammhemmende oder die Brandbeständigkeit verbessernde Substanzen sind an sich bekannt. Dazu zählen beispielsweise Wasserglas oder andere anorganische Substanzen wie Vermiculite. Bevorzugt werden auch hier transparente Substanzen eingesetzt.In addition to the invention, a flame retardant or fire resistance of the wood material increasing substance is used as an additional component. Flame retardant or fire resistance improving substances are known per se. These include, for example, water glass or other inorganic substances such as vermiculite. Preferably, transparent substances are also used here.
Zuzätlich Nicht zur Erfindung Genörend Als zusätzliche Komponente vorzugsweise auch eine Substanz oder eine Mischung von Substanzen eingesetzt, mit der der Gleitwiderstand der Oberfläche des Holzwerkstoffs einzustellen ist. Typische Substanzen sind Wachs oder Öle oder Mischungen davon, aber auch mineralische Stoffe, insbesondere feinkörniger Sand. Diese Schicht wird vorzugsweise als äußere Schicht der Oberfläche angeordnet. Weiter ist vorteilhaft, in die Oberflächenbeschichtung eines Paneels mindestens eine Komponente einzubringen, mit der die haptischen Eigenschaften der Oberfläche des Holzwerkstoffs bzw. des beschichteten Paneels einzustellen sind. Auch hier eignen sich Wachse, Öle oder Mischungen davon und mineralische Stoffe wie z. B. feinkörniger Sand, die als sogenannte Mattierungsmittel eingesetzt werden, um der Oberfläche des Paneels einen samtarkigen Griff zu verleihen. Diese funktionale Komponente kann sowohl als außenliegende Schicht der Oberflächenbeschichtung aufgetragen sein. Sie kann aber auch innerhalb des Schichtaufbaus angeordnet sein, da die Oberflächenbeschichtung insgesamt in der Regel so dünn ist, dass z. B. auch zwischen den Lackschichten angeordnete Schichten zur Einstellung der Haptik wirksam sind.In addition Not to the invention Genörend As additional component preferably also a substance or a mixture of substances is used, with which the sliding resistance of the surface of the wood material is to be adjusted. Typical substances are wax or oils or mixtures thereof, but also mineral substances, especially fine-grained sand. This layer is preferably arranged as an outer layer of the surface. It is also advantageous to incorporate into the surface coating of a panel at least one component with which the haptic properties of the surface of the wood-based material or the coated panel are to be set. Again, waxes, oils or mixtures thereof and mineral substances such. B. fine-grained sand, which are used as so-called matting agent to give the surface of the panel a velvety handle. This functional component can be applied both as an outer layer of the surface coating. But it can also be arranged within the layer structure, since the surface coating as a rule is generally so thin that z. B. also arranged between the paint layers layers to adjust the feel are effective.
Insbesondere in Verbindung mit farbgebenden Schichten wird als zusätzliche funktionale Komponente ein Decklack mit vorgegebenem Glanzgrad eingesetzt, die den Glanzgrad der Oberflächenbeschichtung bzw. der Oberfläche des Paneels beeinflusst.In particular, in conjunction with coloring layers is used as an additional functional component, a topcoat with a given degree of gloss, which influences the gloss level of the surface coating or the surface of the panel.
Zuzätlich Nicht zur Erfindung Gehörend, Umfasst Die Offenbarung auch ein Paneel, bei dem vorgesehen ist, dass als ergänzende funktionale Schicht eine Substanz aufgetragen ist, mit der die antistatischen Eigenschaften der Oberfläche des Holzwerkstoffs einzustellen sind. Die antistatischen Eigenschaften der Oberfläche des Holzwerkstoffs können eingestellt werden durch Zugabe von Ruß, wobei allerdings die Farbgebung stark eingeschränkt ist. Alternativ können Tenside als weitere funktionale Komponente zugegeben werden, um die Wassereinlagerung in den Lack zu fördern. Schließlich können leitfähige Gewebe eingesetzt werden, was wiederum die Optik der Oberfläche beeinträchtigt. Bevorzugt ist es als zusätzliche Komponente bzw. Schicht transparente, leitfähige Partikel einzusetzen. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass eine einzige, mit geringen Mengen der genannten Partikel versetzte Schicht von Kunstharz oder Lack genügt, um dauerhaft und unabhängig von weiteren Parametern wie der Umgebungsfeuchte eine signifikante Verbesserung der Ableitfähigkeit zu gewährleisten, zum Beispiel eine Oberfläche für einen ableitfähigen Fußboden nach DIN IEC 61 340 zu schaffen.In addition Not belonging to the invention, the disclosure also includes a panel, which is provided as a complementary functional layer, a substance is applied to adjust the antistatic properties of the surface of the wood material. The antistatic properties of the surface of the wood material can be adjusted by adding carbon black, but the coloring is severely limited. Alternatively, surfactants can be added as another functional component to promote water retention in the paint. Finally, conductive fabrics can be used, which in turn affects the appearance of the surface. It is preferred to use transparent, conductive particles as additional component or layer. It has been found that a single layer of synthetic resin or lacquer staggered with small amounts of said particles is sufficient to permanently and independently of other parameters such as ambient humidity ensure a significant improvement in the conductivity, for example a surface for a dissipative floor To create DIN IEC 61 340.
Zuzätliche Nicht zur Erfindung Genörend, werden Transparente leitfähige Partikel beispielsweise durch Aufbringen von Metalloxiden auf Trägerpartikel erzeugt. Es eignet sich beispielsweise ein Glimmer-Partikel, der mit Zinn- und Antimonoxid dotiert ist. Transparente Partikel können plättchenförmige oder sphärische Gestalt aufweisen. Gute Leitfähigkeit und Transparenz sowie optimale Ableitfähigkeit wird mit Partikeln, die einen Durchmesser von bis zu 25 µm aufweisen, vorzugsweise bis zu 15 µm, bevorzugt von bis zu 10 µm erreicht.In addition to the invention Genoend, transparent conductive particles are produced for example by applying metal oxides to carrier particles. For example, a mica particle doped with tin and antimony oxide is suitable. Transparent particles may have a platy or spherical shape. Good conductivity and transparency as well as optimum conductivity is achieved with particles having a diameter of up to 25 microns, preferably up to 15 microns, preferably up to 10 microns.
Zuzätliche Nicht zur Erfindung Genörend, ES ausreichend, wenn in nur einer Schicht eines mehrschichtigen Kunstharz-Aufbaus auf einem Overlay oder einem plattenförmigen Holzwerkstoff das elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Partikel enthalten ist. Es genügen bis 15 Gewichts-% (Gew.-%) elektrisch leitfähiges, transparentes Partikel bezogen auf den Feststoff-Anteil des Kunstharzes, bevorzugt werden bis zu 10 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt bis zu 8 Gew.-% Partikel bezogen auf den Feststoff-Anteil des Kunstharzes eingesetzt.In addition to the invention, it suffices if the electrically conductive, transparent particle is contained in only one layer of a multilayer synthetic resin structure on an overlay or a plate-shaped wooden material. It suffice to 15% by weight (wt .-%) electrically conductive, transparent particles based on the solids content of the resin, preferably up to 10 wt .-%, more preferably up to 8 wt .-% of particles based on the Solid portion of the resin used.
Eine ableitfähige Oberfläche auf einem Overlay oder einem plattenförmigen Holzwerkstoff wird aufgebaut, wenn mindestens eine Schicht, das heißt, bis zu 40 g/m2 eines mit transparenten, leitfähigen Partikeln versetzten Kunstharzes aufgetragen werden. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform genügen bis zu 25 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt bis zu 15 g/m2, vorteilhaft bis zu 10 g/m2. Der Schichtaufbau der jeweiligen Oberfläche kann insgesamt ohne weiteres bei einem mehrschichtigen Aufbau über 100 g/m2 liegen. Trotzdem genügt nur eine Schicht des mit Partikeln versetzten Kunstharzes, um eine Oberfläche zu erhalten, die eine signifikant verbesserte Ableitfähigkeit aufweist.A dissipative surface on an overlay or a plate-shaped wooden material is built when at least one layer, that is, up to 40 g / m 2 of a transparent, conductive particles mixed resin are applied. According to a preferred embodiment, up to 25 g / m 2 , more preferably up to 15 g / m 2 , advantageously up to 10 g / m 2 are sufficient. Overall, the layer structure of the respective surface can easily exceed 100 g / m 2 in the case of a multilayer structure. Nevertheless, only one layer of the particulate resin suffices to obtain a surface having significantly improved dissipation capability.
Die Oberflächenbeschichtung des Paneels kann gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung nach dem Aufbringen und Aushärten des Lacks noch mit einer zusätzlichen plastischen Verformung versehen werden. Dabei werden in die angelierte oder ausgehärtete Oberflächenbeschichtung unter Druck sowie ggf. bei erhöhten Temperaturen reliefartige Prägungen eingebracht, die dauerhaft sind. Überraschenderweise hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Oberfläche eines oberflächenbeschichteten Werkstücks durchaus noch plastisch verformbar ist, ohne dass die Oberflächenbeschichtung Schaden nimmt. Die Versiegelung platzt nicht ab, sie reißt nicht, sie nimmt Verformungen einer Tiefe auf, die zum Nachbilden natürlicher Werkstoffe geeignet sind. Mit der Prägung kann also erreicht werden, dass die Oberfläche eines oberflächenbeschichteten Werkstücks als enge Nachbildung von Naturstoffen wahrgenommen wird, da das Berühren der Oberfläche genau die Struktur vermittelt, die von Naturstoffen her bekannt ist. Unterstützt wird diese Wahrnehmung in den meisten Fällen durch eine koordinierte Farbgestaltung. So kann beispielsweise ein Holzwerkstoff-Paneel durch ein- oder mehrschichtigen Farbauftrag bestimmte Holzarten nachbilden. Die plastisch verformte Oberfläche des versiegelten Paneels ergänzt dann die vom Echtholz-Vorbild her gewohnte Porenstruktur.The surface coating of the panel may be provided according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention after the application and curing of the paint still with an additional plastic deformation. Here, in the gelled or cured surface coating under pressure and possibly at elevated temperatures relief-like embossments are introduced, which are durable. Surprisingly, it has been found that the surface of a surface-coated workpiece is still plastically deformable without the surface coating being damaged. The seal does not crack, it does not crack, it absorbs deformations of a depth suitable for reproducing natural materials. With the embossing can thus be achieved that the surface of a surface-coated workpiece is perceived as a close replica of natural substances, as touching the surface exactly conveys the structure that is known from natural substances. This perception is supported in most cases by a coordinated color scheme. For example, a wood-based panel can simulate certain types of wood by applying one or more coats of paint. The plastically deformed surface of the sealed panel then complements the pore structure familiar from the real wood model.
Nach einer einfachen Ausführung des Paneels sind die mindestens zwei Lackschichten unmittelbar auf die Grundierung aufgetragen. Technisch ist eine solche Oberflächenbeschichtung durchaus funktionstüchtig, sie genügt aber in den seltensten Fällen ästhetischen Ansprüchen. Daher sind bevorzugt mindestens eine, üblicherweise mindestens zwei Schichten Farbe als weitere funktionale Schicht zwischen Grundierung und Lackschicht aufgetragen. Falls erforderlich, können im Zusammenhang mit dem Farbauftrag auch noch Haftvermittler oder Spachtelschichten auf die Grundierung aufgetragen werden, um den Untergrund für den Farbauftrag zu verbessern.After a simple execution of the panel, the at least two layers of paint are applied directly to the primer. Technically, such a surface coating is quite functional, but it rarely meets aesthetic requirements. Therefore, at least one, usually at least two layers of color are preferably applied as a further functional layer between the primer and the lacquer layer. If necessary, adhesion promoters or putty layers can also be applied to the primer in order to improve the substrate for the application of paint.
Die Farbe haftet auf der Grundierung in der Regel sehr gut. Die Haftung des Lacks auf der Farbe kann nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung - falls nötig- dadurch verbessert werden, dass mindestens 5 Gewichtsprozent (Gew.-%) Lack der Farbe zugesetzt werden, bevor diese aufgetragen wird. Ggf. kann der Lack nur einzelnen oder allen Farbschichten zugesetzt werden, wenn mehr als eine Farbschicht aufgetragen wird.The paint usually adheres very well to the primer. The adhesion of the paint to the paint may, according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, be improved if necessary by adding at least 5% (w / w) paint to the paint before it is applied. Possibly. For example, the varnish may be added to single or all color layers if more than one color layer is applied.
Insbesondere wenn Farbschichten aufgetragen werden, liegt die Kombination von zwei verschiedenen funktionalen Schichten beim Aufbau der Oberflächenbeschichtung nahe. Es sei aber nochmals ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass die vorbeschriebenen funktionalen Komponenten entweder mehrfach im Aufbau der Oberflächenbeschichtung vorgesehen sein können, oder dass verschiedene funktionale Komponenten (zwei oder mehr) innerhalb einer Oberflächenbeschichtung kombiniert werden können.In particular, when paint layers are applied, the combination of two different functional layers in the construction of the surface coating is close. However, it should be expressly pointed out that the above-described functional components can either be provided several times in the structure of the surface coating, or that various functional components (two or more) can be combined within a surface coating.
Es wird als eigenständige Leistung angesehen, dass ein Paneel aus Holzwerkstoff, dessen eine, zum Gebrauch, z. B. zum Begehen oder zum Arbeiten bestimmte Seite mit einer Oberflächenbeschichtung versehen ist, auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite, meist als Unterseite bezeichnet, mindestens abschnittsweise mit Lack beschichtet ist. Dieser mindestens abschnittsweise aufgetragene Lack ersetzt die bisher üblichen Papiere oder Furniere, die als Gegenzug eingesetzt wurden. Ein Gegenzug ist erforderlich, um die im Zusammenhang mit der Oberflächenbeschichtung auftretenden Kräfte, insbesondere beim Trocknen bzw. Aushärten der Oberflächenbeschichtung auftretenden Schrumpfspannungen auszugleichen. Überraschenderweise hat sich herausgestellt, dass vor allem bei der besonders dünnen Oberflächenbeschichtung, die auf Paneele nach Anspruch 1 aufgebracht ist, bereits eine mindestens abschnittsweise aufgetragene Lackschicht auf der Unterseite des Paneels genügt, um die durch die Oberflächenbeschichtung erzeugte Spannung auszugleichen, so dass das fertig beschichtete Paneel nach dem Aushärten aller Beschichtungsvorgänge auf Ober- und Unterseite nicht verzogen ist.It is regarded as an independent achievement that a panel of wood material, one of which, for use, for. B. for committing or work specific side is provided with a surface coating on the opposite side, usually referred to as the bottom, at least partially coated with paint. This at least partially applied paint replaces the usual papers or veneers, which were used as a countermove. A counter-pull is required in order to compensate for the forces occurring in connection with the surface coating, in particular shrinkage stresses occurring during drying or hardening of the surface coating. Surprisingly, it has been found that especially in the case of the particularly thin surface coating which is applied to panels according to claim 1, an at least partially applied lacquer layer on the underside of the panel is sufficient to compensate for the tension generated by the surface coating, so that the finished coating Panel after hardening of all coating operations on top and bottom is not warped.
Der Lackauftrag auf der Unterseite des Paneels kann in sehr geringen Mengen erfolgen. Es genügen bis zu 120 g/m2, vorzugsweise bis zu 80 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt bis zu 60 g/m2, vorteilhaft bis zu 45 g/m2, vorzugsweise bis zu 30 g/m2. Gerade bei geringen Auftragsmengen kann es dazu kommen, dass keine geschlossene Lackschicht ausgebildet wird. Auf eine geschlossene Lackschicht kommt es dabei auch nicht an, vielmehr kommt es auf die Schrumpfung an, die der auf die Unterseite aufgetragene Lack beim Aushärten entwickelt. Es sind Lacke bekannt und verfügbar, die beim Auftragen und Aushärten auf Holzwerkstoffen innerhalb einer breiten Palette sehr unterschiedlich schrumpfen. Es wird ein Lack ausgewählt, dessen Schrumpfung geeignet ist, die Verformung auszugleichen, die die jeweilige Oberflächenbeschichtung erzeugt. Die auftretenden Kräfte lassen sich zwar auch berechnen, es hat sich aber als einfacher erwiesen, den geeigneten Lack für die Unterseite eines Paneels durch einfache Versuche zu ermitteln.The paint application on the underside of the panel can be done in very small quantities. It suffice up to 120 g / m 2 , preferably up to 80 g / m 2 , more preferably up to 60 g / m 2 , advantageously up to 45 g / m 2 , preferably up to 30 g / m 2 . Especially with low order quantities, it may happen that no closed lacquer layer is formed. On a closed lacquer layer, it does not matter, but it depends on the shrinkage, which develops the paint applied to the underside during curing. Paints are known and available which shrink very differently when applied and cured on wood-based materials within a wide range. A varnish is selected whose shrinkage is capable of compensating for the deformation created by the particular surface coating. Although the forces that occur can also be calculated, it has proven to be easier to determine the suitable lacquer for the underside of a panel by simple tests.
Der auf die Unterseite aufgetragene Lack kann beliebig gewählt sein. Es kann sich um einen auf Lösungsmitteln oder auf Wasser basierenden Lack handeln, der unter Wärmeeinwirkung trocknet bzw. aushärtet. Es kann sich aber auch um einen mittels UV-Licht oder Elektronenstrahlhärtung aushärtenden Lack handeln.The paint applied to the underside can be chosen as desired. It can be a solvent-based or water-based paint that dries or hardens when exposed to heat. But it may also be a curing by means of UV light or electron beam curing lacquer.
Regelmäßig erfordern Beschichtungen der Oberfläche eines Paneels noch eine Fixierung, meist als Aushärten oder Reagieren bezeichnet. Wie im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Paneel beschrieben, kann es sich auch um ein teilweises Aushärten oder Reagieren handeln. Als typischer Einsatz der Mittel zum Aushärten ist das Angelieren von UV-härtenden Lacken anzusehen, die unmittelbar zuvor auf die Oberfläche eines Paneels aufgetragen wurden. Erst nach dem Auftragen der abschließenden Lackschicht werden die Mittel zum Aushärten so eingesetzt, dass die Beschichtung insgesamt ausgehärtet wird. Mittel zum Aushärten sind daher bevorzugt als UV-Licht emittierende Vorrichtungen oder als Vorrichtungen zum Elektronenstrahl-Härten ausgelegt, es kann sich aber auch um bekannte Vorrichtungen handeln, in denen das Aushärten durch Wärmezufuhr erfolgt.Regularly coatings of the surface of a panel still require a fixation, usually called curing or reacting. As described in connection with the panel according to the invention, it may also be a partial hardening or reacting. As a typical use of the curing agent is to look at the setting of UV-curing paints, which were applied immediately before on the surface of a panel. Only after the application of the final lacquer layer is the curing agent used so that the coating is cured as a whole. Means for curing are therefore preferably designed as UV light-emitting devices or as devices for electron beam curing, but it can also be known devices in which the curing takes place by supplying heat.
Das Angelieren der unteren Lackschichten, auf die noch weitere Lackschichten aufgetragen werden, erweist sich als erforderlich, um das Aufbringen weiterer Beschichtungen zu ermöglichen. Ohne das Angelieren würden nachfolgende Mittel zum Auftragen weiterer Beschichtungen das aufzutragende Material nicht ordnungsgemäß auf den bereits aufgetragenen Schichten ablegen können.The gelling of the lower lacquer layers, to which even more lacquer layers are applied, proves to be necessary to the application of further coatings to enable. Without fusing, subsequent means for applying further coatings would not be able to properly deposit the material to be applied on the already applied layers.
Details werden nachstehend am Beispiel von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert;Details will be explained below using the example of embodiments;
Auf eine Hartfaserplatte wird eine handelsübliche Grundierung aufgewalzt. Die Auftragsmenge beträgt ca. 14 g/ m2. Diese Grundierung füllt Unebenheiten aus, glättet Fasern und verbessert die Wasser abweisenden Eigenschaften der Hartfaserplatte. Bei der Grundierung handelt es sich im Wesentlichen um eine aliphatische Polyurethandispersion (80 bis 90 % Gewichtsanteil), die in Verbindung mit einer Acrylat-Copolymer Emulsion (zwischen 10 und 15 % Gewichtsanteil) und geringen Anteilen Wasser (unter 2 % Gewichtsanteil) sowie üblichen Additiven zur Stabilisierung und Entschäumung (zwischen 2 und 5 % Gewichtsanteil) auf die Hartfaserplatte aufgetragen wird.On a hardboard, a commercial primer is rolled on. The order quantity is approx. 14 g / m 2 . This primer fills out bumps, smoothes fibers and improves the water-repellent properties of the hardboard. The primer is essentially an aliphatic polyurethane dispersion (80 to 90% by weight), which in combination with an acrylate copolymer emulsion (between 10 and 15% by weight) and small amounts of water (less than 2% by weight) and conventional additives for stabilization and defoaming (between 2 and 5% by weight) is applied to the hardboard.
Auf die getrocknete Grundierung wird dann eine erste und eine zweite Lackschicht aufgetragen. Jeweils 30 g/m2 eines Lacks, der unter UV-Licht härtet, werden zunächst aufgetragen, dann wird unter Einwirkung von UV-Licht das Aushärten eingeleitet, aber nicht abgeschlossen. Auf die teilweise ausgehärtete erste Lackschicht wird dann die zweite Lackschicht aufgetragen. Auch diese Lackschicht wird UV-Licht ausgesetzt, aber nicht vollständig ausgehärtet. Den beiden ersten Lackschichten ist jeweils Korund zugesetzt. Der Lack ist wie folgt zusammengesetzt: Der Anteil an Korund beträgt 20 bis 25 % Gewichtsanteil. Ein aliphatisches Polyurethanacrylat macht 15 bis 25 % des Gewichtsanteils aus. 45 bis 55 % des Gewichtsanteils macht ein hochfunktionelles, aliphatisches Polyesteracrylat aus. 2 bist 10 % des Gewichtsanteils tragen Additive bei, die beispielsweise zur Entschäumung, zur Stabilisierung des Lacks, zum schnelleren Aushärten oder zur Verhinderung von Verfärbung des Lacks dienen. Lacke dieser Zusammensetzung sind handelsüblich erhältlich.On the dried primer then a first and a second coat of paint is applied. Each 30 g / m 2 of a varnish which cures under UV light are applied first, then the curing is initiated under the action of UV light, but not completed. The second lacquer layer is then applied to the partially cured first lacquer layer. This lacquer layer is exposed to UV light, but not completely cured. Corundum is added to each of the first two layers of lacquer. The paint is composed as follows: The proportion of corundum is 20 to 25% by weight. An aliphatic polyurethane acrylate accounts for 15 to 25% by weight. 45 to 55% by weight makes up a highly functional, aliphatic polyester acrylate. 2 to 10% by weight contribute additives which serve, for example, for defoaming, for stabilizing the varnish, for accelerating curing or for preventing discoloration of the varnish. Paints of this composition are commercially available.
Auf diese beiden ersten Lackschichten wird abschließend ein UV-härtender Decklack mit 12 g / m2 aufgetragen. Das anschließend eingesetzte UV-Licht härtet abschließend alle drei aufgetragenen Lackschichten durch, was aufgrund der insgesamt geringen Auftragsmengen ohne weiteres möglich ist. Der Decklack ist so zusammengesetzt, dass aliphatisches hochfunktionelles Polyesteracrylat ca. 30 bis 50 % Gewichtsanteil einnimmt, aliphatisches Polyurethanacrylat ca. 15 - 25 % Gewichtsanteil, Monomere werden mit 5 bis 15 % Gewichtsanteil zugesetzt, silikatische Bestandteile machen ca. 5 bis 20 % des Gewichtsanteils aus und Additive werden in Mengen von 10 bis 25 % Gewichtsanteil zugesetzt. Auch solche Lacke sind handelsüblich erhältlich.Finally, a UV-curing topcoat with 12 g / m 2 is applied to these first two layers of lacquer. The subsequently used UV light cures finally All three applied paint layers, which is readily possible due to the overall low order quantities. The topcoat is composed such that aliphatic high-functionality polyester acrylate occupies about 30 to 50% by weight, aliphatic polyurethane acrylate about 15-25% by weight, monomers are added at 5 to 15% by weight, silicatic constituents make up about 5 to 20% by weight and additives are added in amounts of 10 to 25% by weight. Also such paints are commercially available.
Durch diese Art des Lackauftrags wird eine besonders widerstandsfähige Oberflächenbeschichtung gewährleistet. Die aus der so beschichteten Hartfaserplatte erzeugten Paneele sind zur Verwendung als Fußbodenbelag geeignet. Sie sind mit einem Abrieb von 2.400 der Abriebklasse AC 3 und damit der Nutzungsklasse 31 (gewerbliche Nutzung) gemäß EN 13329 zuzuordnen.This type of paint application ensures a particularly resistant surface coating. The panels produced from the thus-coated hardboard are suitable for use as a floor covering. With an abrasion of 2,400, they are assigned to the abrasion class AC 3 and thus to use class 31 (commercial use) in accordance with EN 13329.
Die vorstehend beschriebene Beschichtung des Paneels erfolgt mittels Walzenauftrag. Sowohl die Grundierung wird mit einer Walze aufgetragen als auch die Lackschichten. Die Walzen, die die Lackschichten auftragen, sind jeweils Teil einer Bearbeitungseinheit, der neben den Walzen auch eine UV-Licht-Einheit zum Angelieren bzw. Aushärten des Lacks zugeordnet ist. Die ersten beiden Bearbeitungseinheiten sind so ausgelegt, dass die Mittel zum Auftragen, die UV-Licht-Einheiten, die aufgetragene Lackschicht nur angelieren. Erst die UV-Licht-Einheit der dritten Bearbeitungseinheit bewirkt ein vollständiges Aushärten der aufgetragenen Lackschichten. Die Vorrichtung kann, je nach Art der aufzutragenden Beschichtung, auf Arbeitsgeschwindigkeiten von 45 m/min oder von 55 m/min eingestellt sein.The coating of the panel described above takes place by means of roller application. Both the primer is applied with a roller and the paint layers. The rollers that apply the paint layers are each part of a processing unit, which is assigned in addition to the rollers and a UV light unit for fishing or curing of the paint. The first two processing units are designed so that the means of application, the UV light units, the applied lacquer layer only angelieren. Only the UV light unit of the third processing unit causes complete curing of the applied paint layers. The device can be set at working speeds of 45 m / min or 55 m / min, depending on the type of coating to be applied.
Auf eine hochdichte Faserplatte (HDF), die 7 mm stark ist, wird eine Grundierung (14 g/m2) aufgebracht. Auf die Grundierung wird hell holzfarben eingefärbtes thermoplastisches Polyurethan (TPU) in einer Schichtstärke von 0,2 mm aufgetragen. Auf das TPU wird ein Farbdruck aufgebracht, mit dem eine Holznachbildung auf dem hell holzfarbenen Untergrund des TPU erzeugt wird. Hierauf wird UV-härtender Lack in einer Schichtstärke von 30 µm aufgetragen. Alternativ werden drei Schichten UV-härtenden Lacks in einer Schichtstärke von jeweils 15 µm aufgetragen.On a high-density fiberboard (HDF), which is 7 mm thick, a primer (14 g / m 2 ) is applied. On the primer is lightly colored wood-colored thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) applied in a layer thickness of 0.2 mm. A color print is applied to the TPU to produce a wood effect on the light wood-colored substrate of the TPU. Then UV-curing lacquer is applied in a layer thickness of 30 microns. Alternatively, three layers of UV-curing lacquers are applied in a layer thickness of 15 μm in each case.
Die mit drei Schichten UV-Lack versehene HDF-Platte erfüllt die Vorgaben für einen gewerblich nutzbaren Fußboden gemäß EN 13329 für die Nutzungsklasse 32.The HDF board, which is provided with three layers of UV varnish, complies with the specifications for a commercially usable floor according to EN 13329 for service class 32.
Claims (7)
- A panel of a wooden material with a surface coating, which has:- a base coat, which is applied to the wooden material plate,- at least one lacquer coat,- to which corundum is introduced,- which is not the outermost lacquer coat and- which is hardened by means of UV light or by means of electron beam hardening,- at least one additional lacquer coat,- wherein the coat thickness of the lacquer applied in two or more coats does not exceed a total of 120 µm,characterized in that
at least one functional component is provided,- which is applied as an exterior, functional coat, wherein coats of matt lacquer and gloss lacquer each cover sectionwise the surface of the panel as functional component and are arranged in their coat sequence such that visible structures form or- which is applied as an exterior, functional coat or as a functional coat arranged between two lacquer coats, which covers the surface of the panel sectionwise, and which repels a chromophoric coating, and has at least one second coat, which consists of a chromophoric coating, which covers the surface of the panel sectionwise. - The panel of a wooden material according to claim 1, characterized in that the total coat thickness of the at least one lacquer coat is preferably less than 80 µm, particularly preferably less than 60 µm, advantageously less than 45 µm, particularly advantageously less than 30 µm.
- The panel of a wooden material according to claim 1, characterized in that the conditions of the service classes for living or for the commercial field are met according to the requirements of DIN EN 13329.
- The panel of a wooden material according to claim 1, characterized in that the color coat has at least 5 weight percent lacquer.
- The panel of a wooden material according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface, in particular the first lacquer coat, is deformed plastically.
- The panel of a wooden material according to claim 1, characterized in that the side lying opposite the side of the panel provided with a surface coating is coated with lacquer at least sectionwise.
- The panel of a wooden material according to claim 7, characterized in that a heavily shrinking lacquer is applied.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL10183178T PL2269744T3 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material with a surface coating |
EP17184788.2A EP3281708A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material |
PL05746316T PL1756381T5 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel of a wooden material with a surface coating |
EP10183178.2A EP2269744B1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material with a surface coating |
EP17184789.0A EP3281709A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004026739A DE102004026739A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2004-05-28 | Panels of wooden material, e.g. fiberboard for use as flooring, with surface coating comprising undercoat, lacquer layer (LL) hardened by UV or electron beam and functional material, e.g. for decoration |
DE102004027757 | 2004-06-08 | ||
DE102005001363A DE102005001363A1 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2005-01-11 | Wooden panel with surface coating has primer covered by one or more paint layers of certain reduced thickness applied in finishing unit having applicator and hardening means |
DE102005002059A DE102005002059A1 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2005-01-14 | Wood material with dissipative surface |
PCT/EP2005/005812 WO2005116361A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material with a surface coating |
Related Child Applications (7)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17184788.2A Division-Into EP3281708A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material |
EP17184788.2A Division EP3281708A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material |
EP17184789.0A Division EP3281709A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material |
EP17184789.0A Division-Into EP3281709A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material |
EP10183178.2A Division EP2269744B1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material with a surface coating |
EP10183178.2A Division-Into EP2269744B1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material with a surface coating |
EP10183178.2 Division-Into | 2010-09-30 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1756381A1 EP1756381A1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
EP1756381B1 true EP1756381B1 (en) | 2013-02-20 |
EP1756381B2 EP1756381B2 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
Family
ID=34970252
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05746316.8A Active EP1756381B2 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel of a wooden material with a surface coating |
EP10183178.2A Active EP2269744B1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material with a surface coating |
EP17184788.2A Withdrawn EP3281708A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material |
EP17184789.0A Withdrawn EP3281709A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10183178.2A Active EP2269744B1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material with a surface coating |
EP17184788.2A Withdrawn EP3281708A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material |
EP17184789.0A Withdrawn EP3281709A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-30 | Panel made of a wooden material |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (4) | EP1756381B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005248066B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2568440C (en) |
EA (1) | EA014859B1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2407404T5 (en) |
PL (2) | PL2269744T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005116361A1 (en) |
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-
2005
- 2005-05-30 EA EA200602245A patent/EA014859B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-05-30 ES ES05746316T patent/ES2407404T5/en active Active
- 2005-05-30 EP EP05746316.8A patent/EP1756381B2/en active Active
- 2005-05-30 PL PL10183178T patent/PL2269744T3/en unknown
- 2005-05-30 ES ES10183178T patent/ES2771455T3/en active Active
- 2005-05-30 WO PCT/EP2005/005812 patent/WO2005116361A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-05-30 PL PL05746316T patent/PL1756381T5/en unknown
- 2005-05-30 CA CA2568440A patent/CA2568440C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-30 EP EP10183178.2A patent/EP2269744B1/en active Active
- 2005-05-30 EP EP17184788.2A patent/EP3281708A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-30 EP EP17184789.0A patent/EP3281709A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-30 AU AU2005248066A patent/AU2005248066B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
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EA200602245A1 (en) | 2007-04-27 |
EP2269744B1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
EP3281709A1 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
ES2771455T3 (en) | 2020-07-06 |
WO2005116361A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
EP2269744A2 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
EP1756381A1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
AU2005248066A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
EP2269744A3 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
PL2269744T3 (en) | 2020-06-01 |
AU2005248066A2 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
CA2568440C (en) | 2015-05-05 |
PL1756381T5 (en) | 2020-11-16 |
AU2005248066B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
ES2407404T3 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
PL1756381T3 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
EP1756381B2 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
CA2568440A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
EA014859B1 (en) | 2011-02-28 |
ES2407404T5 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
EP3281708A1 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
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