EP2177047B1 - Elektrodynamischer wandler, insbesondere nach art eines lautsprechers mit einer ferrofluid-aufhängung und entsprechende vorrichtungen - Google Patents

Elektrodynamischer wandler, insbesondere nach art eines lautsprechers mit einer ferrofluid-aufhängung und entsprechende vorrichtungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2177047B1
EP2177047B1 EP08827304.0A EP08827304A EP2177047B1 EP 2177047 B1 EP2177047 B1 EP 2177047B1 EP 08827304 A EP08827304 A EP 08827304A EP 2177047 B1 EP2177047 B1 EP 2177047B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mandrel
ferrofluid
air gap
diaphragm
transducer
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EP08827304.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2177047A1 (de
Inventor
Gilles Milot
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ACOUSTICAL BEAUTY
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Acoustical Beauty
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H04R9/027—Air gaps using a magnetic fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/16—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/24—Tensioning by means acting directly on free portions of diaphragm or cone

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electrodynamic voice coil transducers, including speakers, without mechanical suspension but with ferrofluid suspension. It has applications in the field of the manufacture of measuring devices: including sound recording, vibration measurement, as well as sound reproduction devices, including speakers.
  • a voice coil electrodynamic loudspeaker comprises a membrane integral with a mandrel carrying a coil, the coil being immersed in a magnetic field of a gap.
  • the gap is a narrowed area of a vertical free space of the electrodynamic motor of the speaker in which is disposed and can move the coil carried by the mandrel.
  • the coil moves in the magnetic field that is generated by a permanent magnet type magnetic field generator.
  • the ferrofluid is extended on at least one of the two faces of the mandrel and completely fills the gap.
  • the ferrofluid overflows even the air gap so that during translational movements of the mandrel in the gap, the latter is always filled with ferrofluid on the (the) face (s) corresponding (s) of the mandrel.
  • the ferrofluid seal is continuous around the circumference of the mandrel and forms a sealing means between the front and rear faces of the membrane. If the ferrofluid can be maintained in the air gap thanks to the presence of a magnetic field (s) which is (are) more concentrated, it can furthermore predict or count on magnetic field confinement means, especially towards the ends of the gap (see outside in the vertical free space for the ferrofluid overflowing with the gap), to better retain the ferrofluid in the air gap.
  • the ends / edges of magnets (motor without iron) or polar parts (conventional motor with iron) are areas where there is a field confinement which corresponds to a means of confining the magnetic field.
  • the ferrofluid tends to be placed where the magnetic field and / or the variation of the magnetic field are the highest.
  • Such a structure can be implemented in transducers of the microphone type or of the speaker type. For the latter type, this concerns both dome and cone type loudspeakers.
  • the invention relates to an electrodynamic transducer according to the subject of claim 1. Because the ferrofluid completely fills the air gap, that is to say both in height and circumferentially on the mandrel, it can be noted that a seal is provided between the front and the rear of the mandrel. Sealing may be required between the front and the back of the membrane and therefore, in some types of transducers, the extended ferrofluid by its additional seal function provides an advantage. Note that the term joint is taken in the present context in the sense of connecting (one side of the mandrel to the adjacent face of the vertical free space, including the gap).
  • a ferrofluid seal may or may not provide a pneumatic seal between the front and the rear of the mandrel for the corresponding face according to its shape: continuous seal on the circumference of the mandrel (such as one that completely fills the gap or as a circumferentially continuous low-profile joint) or discontinuous joint (such as vertical discrete joints extended over the entire height of the gap, see overflow).
  • air gap is used to denote a particular area of the vertical free space (vertical with reference to a motor representation whose cylindrical axis of symmetry is vertical) in which can translate (excursion ) the chuck, this zone is where a substantially radial magnetic field (s) are created and concentrated to act on the voice coil.
  • This zone is related to a magnetic field generator (s) magnetic (s) static (s) or field guidance (s) with or without iron depending on the type of engine chosen: motor with iron or motor without iron.
  • the term gap does not require the presence of iron (or other ferromagnetic material) for guiding the magnetic field in relation to said gap.
  • each motor comprises two magnetic structures (internal and external with respect to the mandrel), at least one of the two comprising at least one means for generating one or more magnetic fields (magnet (s) in particular) and the other being able to comprise one / such magnetic field generating means (s) or a part for looping the magnetic field (ferromagnetic part for example as in the case of a conventional iron motor) or a neutral piece vis-à-vis the magnetic field (part of plastic carcass for example) or still be air (no material element clean).
  • the invention also relates to a fluidic coil return / braking device for an electrodynamic diaphragm transducer comprising an electrodynamic motor in a carcass and in which the coil carried by a mandrel integral with the diaphragm can move, the coil being placed in an air gap of a vertical free space where it can move and which is delimited, towards the center of the transducer by an internal magnetic structure and, towards the periphery of the transducer by an external magnetic structure, at least one of the magnetic structures generating a static magnetic field, the transducer having no peripheral suspension or internal suspension, the peripheral suspension being a suspension between the periphery of the membrane and the carcass, the internal suspension being a suspension between the membrane or the mandrel and the carcass, the guide of the moving element and the pneumatic sealing between the front and rear faces of the membrane being provided by a ferrofluid.
  • the fluidic return / braking device is characterized by a relief structure of the mandrel that can pass at least partly in a reduced section portion of the vertical free space (and in particular in the air gap, then also vertical) during excursions of the mobile team and which, during these excursions gradually reduces the space where the ferrofluid can be placed, said structure being chosen, alone or in combination, from a conicity or patterns in relief of the upper end and / or low chuck (in practice in any suitable position on the chuck for the expected function) on the side of the ferrofluid.
  • the fluid return / braking device is specially adapted to the transducer according to one or more of the described modes, the ferrofluid completely filling the air gap, or even going beyond.
  • the invention also relates to a device for retaining ferrofluid and / or abutment (mechanical or fluidic excursion limiter according to the absence or presence of ferrofluid) for an electrodynamic diaphragm transducer comprising an electrodynamic motor in a carcass and in which a coil carried by a mandrel integral with the diaphragm can move, the coil being placed in a gap of a vertical free space where it can move and which is delimited, towards the center of the transducer by an internal magnetic structure and, towards the periphery of the transducer by an external magnetic structure, at least one of the magnetic structures generating a static magnetic field, the transducer having no peripheral suspension or internal suspension, the peripheral suspension being a suspension between the periphery of the membrane and the carcass, the inner suspension being a suspension between the membrane or mandrel and the carcass, the guidance of the moving equipment and pneumatic sealing between the front and rear faces of the membrane being provided by a ferrofluid.
  • the ferrofluid retaining device is characterized in that it is a flange disposed towards at least one of the two ends of the mandrel (in practice in any suitable position on the mandrel for the expected function) in lateral overflow of said mandrel at least on the side mandrel where ferrofluid is located and intended to retain the same side ferrofluid during excessive excusions of the moving equipment.
  • the ferrofluid retaining device is specially adapted to the transducer according to one or more of the described modalities, the ferrofluid completely filling the air gap, or even going beyond it.
  • the invention also relates to an eddy current motor for a diaphragm electrodynamic transducer in which a moving coil fixed on a mandrel integral with the diaphragm can move, the mandrel being a shape generated by a generatrix generally linear, the coil being placed in a an air gap of a vertical free space where it can move and which is delimited, towards the center of the transducer by an internal magnetic structure and, towards the periphery of the transducer by an external magnetic structure, at least one of the magnetic structures generating a field static magnet.
  • the eddy current motor (with or without iron) is characterized in that it comprises in at least one of the magnetic structures a fixed coil (there may be a fixed coil in the internal magnetic structure and another in the external ) for receiving a modulation current, the fixed coil being placed at the gap in the magnetic structure and in that the voice coil is a short circuit in electrical short circuit.
  • the coil coil of the electrical short-circuit winding type is integrated in the mandrel, the mandrel being metallic and electrically conductive and forming said electric short circuit.
  • the eddy current motor is an ironless motor.
  • the eddy current motor is specially adapted to the transducer according to one or more of the described modes, said transducer having no peripheral suspension or internal suspension, the peripheral suspension being a suspension between the periphery of the membrane and the carcass, the inner suspension being a suspension between the membrane or the mandrel and the carcass, the guidance of the moving equipment and the pneumatic sealing between the faces front and rear of the membrane being provided by a ferrofluid, more particularly, the mandrel being maintained in the air gap by ferrofluid extended on at least one of the two faces of the mandrel and which completely fills the gap.
  • a loudspeaker intended to produce rather low frequencies of the audible spectrum must generally have a large excursion in order to produce sufficient acoustic energy and a loudspeaker intended to produce rather the high frequencies of the audible spectrum. do not need to have such an important excursion. Thanks to the invention, it is possible to realize a dome speaker for low frequencies and which can be relatively compact thanks to a large excursion.
  • speaker-type transducers although the means of the invention can be applied to other types of devices including microphones or geophones, as long as these devices are electrodynamic type voice coil.
  • Ferrofluid suspension speakers considered as examples are dome or cone or mixed speakers (dome + cone).
  • the dome speakers have a central diaphragm and a single continuous pneumatic sealing ferrofluid seal along the peripheral circumference of the mandrel is sufficient to provide pneumatic isolation between the two faces of the diaphragm.
  • the seal may be single and, preferably, extend over the entire height of the air gap (on at least one of the faces of the mandrel with total filling of the air gap with ferrofluid) or be associated with one or other Ferrofluid seals on the other face of the mandrel (for example: another seal, on the other face of the mandrel, extended over the entire height of the gap).
  • the possible other ferrofluidic joints can be stepped and / or of any shape (s) including vertical joints.
  • the cone loudspeakers have a lateral membrane and at least two ferrofluid joints, two of which are continuous pneumatic sealing along the two inner and outer peripheral circumferences of the membrane (in practice along the circumference of the mandrel and the circumference of the cone). a rim of the membrane) are used to ensure the pneumatic insulation between the two faces of the membrane.
  • the ferrofluid seal may be single and, preferably, extend over the entire height of the gap (on at least one of the faces of the mandrel with total filling of the gap with ferrofluid) or be associated with a or other ferrofluidic joints on the other face of the mandrel (the other ferrofluidic joint (s) may be staggered and / or of any shape (s) including vertical joints).
  • the mixed loudspeakers which have a cone-like membrane portion and another dome-like portion, approach the dome-type speakers in that a single continuous ferrofluid airtight seal along the the circumferential outer periphery of the cone portion of the membrane may be sufficient to provide pneumatic insulation between the two faces of the membrane.
  • the means for generating the magnetic field in the air gap even if they are preferably of the ironless motor type, may also be more conventional and of the iron motor type.
  • a first field generation means magnetic circuit for a first air gap of a first motor is on the inner periphery of the membrane (cone portion in the mixed case) and a second magnetic field generation means for a second air gap of a second motor is on the outer periphery of the membrane .
  • a looping of the magnetic field In a motor without iron, if a looping of the magnetic field must take place outside the gap, this looping is done by magnets. In other cases of motor without iron, the looping of the field takes place (generally outside the air gap) either in the air or through parts that do not guide the magnetic field. Thus, in a motor without iron, it is a magnet or they are magnets which ensure the creation of the magnetic field and which can also ensure the guidance of the static magnetic field (with one or more magnetic field senses in the gap) .
  • a ferromagnetic body is used to guide the magnetic field.
  • small pole pieces can be implemented, but in this case, they are mainly used to create magnetic field confinement areas where the ferrofluid can focus preferentially.
  • the motor comprises a magnetic field generator in at least one of its two magnetic structures (internal and external).
  • the magnetic field generator may include a plurality of magnets for creating at least one magnetic field zone in the gap.
  • the air gap comprises three zones of field direction with a median zone in one direction and two extreme zones in the other direction.
  • a single coil can be implemented, the idle coil being in the central zone (which corresponds to an electromagnetic braking end configuration due to the field reversal at both ends of the coil. air gap, effective braking during extreme excursions, the response to be substantially linear during normal excursions). Still in the latter case, several sense coils adapted to the field area considered can be implemented to add up their effects.
  • the magnet (s) used in the magnetic field generator may be in one piece and / or each consist of smaller magnet assemblies.
  • each of the internal and external magnetic structures comprises a magnetic field generator (s)
  • these are arranged in such a way as to optimize the distribution and the intensity of the areas of magnetic field in the air gap.
  • the engine (s) used is electromagnetically braking end configuration.
  • the magnetic field (at least one of the field directions in the case where there are several field sense zones) may be substantially uniform along the gap height or may include field reinforcement zones. magnetic (or zones of significant variation of the magnetic field) where the ferrofluid will preferentially be placed if it is in reduced quantity.
  • the ferrofluid even if there are one or more zones of reinforcement of the magnetic field which may be locations for the formation of as many ferrofluidic joints in the air gap, the ferrofluid, if it is introduced in large quantities, will eventually fill completely, even in overflow, the gap. Thus, in an engine with at least two means of confinement of the magnetic field, it will form on one face of the mandrel where it is introduced and according to the amount of ferrofluid introduced, two joints and then only one when the quantity introduced is increased, (the two ferrofluid joints eventually merge). Conversely, if the ferrofluid is gradually removed, it may eventually be possible to leave only one / individual seals in the reinforcement zones (confinement) of the field.
  • a fixed coil receiving a modulation current is arranged in a magnetic structure having a magnetic field generator, the voice coil then being an electrical short-circuit and, preferably, a metallic mandrel. electrical conductor (the mandrel then performs its chuck function and, in addition, the voice coil function which is a short circuit electric).
  • the ferrofluid protrudes out of the air gap on each side so that during the excursion of the mandrel, it always bathes in the ferrofluid in the area where it is in the gap. Indeed, for best results, it is preferable that air does not enter the region of the air gap and that there is no air trapped in the extended ferrofluid joint completely filling the air gap. air gap.
  • the ends of the mandrel high and low in practice in any suitable position on the mandrel for the expected function of reducing the space where the ferrofluid can be placed
  • the gap gap (or adjacent vertical clearance) between the wall of said air gap (or the wall adjacent said vertical free space) and the mandrel is reduced gradually reducing the space where the ferrofluid can be placed, resulting in , in addition to "fluidic" braking, the creation of a return force of the mandrel and therefore of the moving element to a position of equilibrium during the suppression of the modulation current
  • the mandrel can remain straight over its entire height and then extra thicknesses are made to both ends of the mandrel (in practice in any suitable position on the mandrel for the expected function of reducing the space where the ferrofluid can be placed ).
  • extra thicknesses which have a constant thickness or not (particularly thickness of the extra thickness gradually increasing towards the end of the mandrel), have a width which increases gradually as one approaches the end of the mandrel.
  • the shape of one of these extra thicknesses is a triangle pointed towards the air gap and base towards the end edge (upper or lower as the case) of the mandrel.
  • the progressive reduction of the space where the ferrofluid can be placed begins at the limit of the ferrofluid, a limit corresponding substantially to the position of the edge of the ferrofluid when the moving equipment is at rest ( static equilibrium).
  • the braking / creation of a restoring force begins substantially from the beginning of an excursion of the moving equipment.
  • each ferrofluid limit high or forward, on the one hand, and low or rear, on the other hand, in the Figures
  • the air gap to obtain a substantially symmetrical return / braking effect at least as regards its beginning.
  • this effect of return / fluidic braking by progressive reduction of the space in which the ferrofluid can take place when the excursion of the mandrel increases can also work with ferrofluid joints that do not extend beyond the gap.
  • the taper and the extra thicknesses can have a maximum thickness which allows their passage in the gap.
  • they may have (preferably) a maximum thickness which allows their passage in the gap or not and, in the latter case, it can also serve as stop during excessive excursions: the conicity of the mandrel or the overthicknesses will eventually hit the edge of the air gap or the constricted part of the vertical free space.
  • the ends of the mandrel may comprise flanges (ring or ring these terms being also equivalent) ferrofluid retaining at the end edge of the mandrel (in practice in any suitable position on the mandrel for the expected function of the mandrel). retaining and / or abutment), preferably only on the side of the ferrofluid, but in other variants, on both sides of the mandrel.
  • these collars make it possible to retain the ferrofluid on the chuck side where it is normally located and to prevent it from being able to pass on the other side of the chuck during excessive excursions.
  • these flanges are of a width such that they can not pass into the gap or, more generally, a portion of reduced width of the vertical free space.
  • the flanges may have a mechanical stop function (they abut against the edge of the air gap or a reduced width portion of the vertical free space) or fluidic stop (they abut against the ferrofluid) during excessive excursions.
  • the flanges have a width greater than the width of the air gap, it is understood that one of the flanges must be put in place after insertion of the mandrel into the air gap of the vertical free space unless walls of the air gap can be mounted at a later stage of the manufacture of the engine.
  • the flange is a reinforcing means of the mandrel and improves its mechanical strength (avoids possible deformations of the mandrel, including folds or other).
  • the ferrofluid is chosen in particular on the one hand for its durability to withstand the high temperatures that can be encountered in the speakers and, on the other hand, depending on its viscosity.
  • the ferrofluid APG S12n from FERROTEC of the United States can be used.
  • the electrodynamic motor of speaker 1 to dome 2 of the Figure 1 comprises a coil 6 on a mandrel 3 and external magnetic structures 5 and internal 4 of which at least one comprises a magnetic field generation means (s) in the air gap.
  • the coil 6 is placed in an air gap of a vertical free space in which the mandrel can move during the excursions of the moving equipment.
  • magnetic field confinement means 11 are shown and are intended to create, in the vertical free space (in or outside the gap), magnetic field concentrations / variations where the ferrofluid tends to focus preferably.
  • These containment means are optional and their number and location (s) may be different depending on the embodiment of the speaker.
  • Ferrofluid 14 has been introduced into the air gap on the opposite side outer mandrel 3 to completely fill the air gap between the outer face of the mandrel and the external magnetic structure 5.
  • the amount of ferrofluid is such that it overflows up and down the air gap so that during excursions of the mobile equipment (at least for normal excursions) the air gap is always filled with ferrofluid on the corresponding face of the mandrel 3. It is understood that the ferrofluid 14 extended over the entire height of the air gap and which completely fills The air gap is also extended all the way around the mandrel, which also ensures a pneumatic / acoustic seal between the two faces (front-rear) of the dome 2.
  • ferrofluid is also introduced on the internal face of the mandrel either to form one or more independent ferrofluidic joints (at the level of the means of confinement of the field) when the amount of ferrofluid is small or to fill completely (preferably overflow) the air gap on this internal side.
  • the possible joints on the other face of the mandrel can be of various shapes and, for example instead of horizontal: vertical, oblique or other forms of which circumvented (the means of confinement of the field will be adapted accordingly).
  • the motor is in a rigid bowl of which only a portion 7 has been shown to the front with a means for fixing to a support (screwthread) which may be a face of an enclosure for example.
  • a support screwthread
  • one of the external magnetic structures 5 or internal 4 may be passive; to say that it contains only means for guiding a magnetic field created in the other structure or does not have any and can then made of a material that is neutral with respect to the magnetic field or else be air (absence of clean material element).
  • the two internal and external magnetic structures may be active, that is to say each comprise one or more static magnetic field generating means (one or more magnets: ring / pellet / composite / monoblock). .), or, again, may be mixed, that is to say comprise a magnetic field generating means / means and a magnetic field guiding means.
  • the engine of the Figure 1 may be iron type or ironless type (with only one / magnets).
  • non-fluidic return means of the moving equipment have also been represented to a predefined position when the coil is no longer electrically excited (or following the removal of an accidental external constraint).
  • These non-fluidic booster means given by way of example on this Figure 1 simplified are, on the one hand, a pneumatic load of the rear face of the dome and, on the other hand, a mechanical means of the spring type. Note that the taper 12 and the extra thicknesses 16 are also return means but fluidic type.
  • the pneumatic load corresponds to an implementation of a closed volume 8 behind the membrane, this enclosed volume closed by a wall 9 is in this case almost closed because a minimal leak in the form of an orifice 10 has been performed.
  • the time constant of the orifice time necessary to balance the pressures between the two sides of the orifice
  • the orifice therefore has a very small diameter or can be replaced / supplemented by a porous material or by a thin tube (capillary tube type or needle).
  • the central core of the motor is hollow towards the rear of the loudspeaker.
  • two zones 31 delimited by dotted lines they correspond to a variant embodiment with an opening (or openings) directly between the bottom of the vertical free space and the volume 8 closed or near-closed rear tire load. In the absence of this (these) opening 31, the communication between the bottom of the vertical free space and the rear volume 8 of load is carried forward upward along the mandrel and through the opening central speaker.
  • edges 32 forward and rearward of the internal magnetic structure 4 are rounded. These roundings are preferably the widest possible.
  • the non-fluidic return means is a spring 15 between the dome 2 and the central fixed part of the engine, in this case the internal magnetic structure 4.
  • Other non-fluidic return means can be implemented in variants of production. In particular embodiments, none, only one or more non-fluidic return means are implemented.
  • Resetting / fluidic braking means 12, 16 and ferrofluid retaining / abutment 13 are implemented in order to limit the amplitude of the excursions and to avoid that they become too important at the risk of "separating" the static elements. and movable motor and which are maintained and guided between them by fluidic means, in this case ferrofluid, fluidic guide means which do not in themselves limit the amplitude of excursions in contrast to the mechanical means to type of conventional suspensions.
  • the fluidic return / braking means acts during the excursions of the moving equipment causing a decrease in the space in which the ferrofluid can be placed during said excursions.
  • this action is allowed at the gap which is already a zone of reduced thickness, but in variants, a specific narrowing zone / zones can be implemented at a distance from the air gap and in connection with elements (conicity of the mandrel or overthickness in particular) which will now be described
  • the conicity 12 of said mandrel (of construction of the mandrel or by an insert) and, at the bottom, patterns in overthickness 16 (of construction of the mandrel or by inserts).
  • overthickness 16 Various types of overthickness are represented on the Figure 2 as seen frontally on a lower part (cut) around the mandrel.
  • the first oversize 16a is substantially triangular top / tip up, side ferrofluid, base towards the lower end of the mandrel and side edges (between the tip and the base) straight.
  • the second oversize 16b is equivalent to the first except that its lateral edges are concave.
  • the third oversize 16c is equivalent to the first except that its lateral edges are convex.
  • the first three oversizes 16a, 16b, 16c are of constant thickness.
  • the fourth thickening 16d is thick which increases the closer we get to the lower end of the mandrel and is similar to the conicity mentioned above.
  • This fourth oversize 16d is of the type of the first 16a with respect to its general triangular shape but in variants it could be in other general forms including those of 16b and 16c. It is understood that due to these different variants of extra thickness, the variation of the effects of return and fluidic braking will be different and one can choose the form of the function of return / fluidic braking depending on the type of extra thickness implemented.
  • the functions of return / fluidic braking are identical at both ends of the mandrel, which is easier if the fluidic return / braking means are identical (but symmetrical) to these two ends, or identical conicities, either oversizes (same number and then type) identical.
  • it implements conicities or extra thicknesses which make it possible to obtain a restoring force (symmetrical with respect to the rest position) proportional to the displacement in a linear operating zone of the loudspeaker and corresponding to normal excursions. Apart from these normal excursions, during extreme excursions, greater variations can be implemented up to the effects of abutment or near-stop.
  • the ferrofluid retaining / stop means 13 are flange-type rims disposed towards the upper and lower ends of the mandrel 3 (or in any other position suitable for the expected function) at least on the side of the ferrofluid which completely fills the gap .
  • This collar prevents the passage of the ferrofluid on the other side of the mandrel (or on the membrane in this case) during excessive excursions of the moving equipment. If, preferably, the collar has a width such that it can pass into the air gap (especially to simplify the mounting of the motor), in a variant, this width may be such that it can not pass into the air gap .
  • abutment effect is provided, fluidic abutment effect in the case of the Figure 1 because the ferrofluid abuts against this flange and remains trapped on the corresponding side of the mandrel.
  • a "wall" may, in a variant, be made to prevent the ferrofluid from escaping on the sides, which could occur because it can no longer escape passing on the other side of the mandrel (or the membrane) because of the collar.
  • This speaker which is cylindrically symmetrical, comprises a motor with a single static magnetic field generator arranged here in the structure
  • This internal magnetic structure has on an inner part 21 of a salad bowl a first and a second magnet 18 and 19 (pellet or ring) of vertical magnetic fields vertical and opposite.
  • These magnets which have their polar faces opposite and of the same sign, are separated by a space preferably comprising a material that is neutral with respect to the magnetic fields of the magnets and the result is that a radial field (horizontal in the Figure) is created in the gap where there is a coil 6 secured to a mandrel 3 itself integral with the cone membrane 27.
  • the ferrofluid forming a first seal 29 is disposed in the gap between the inner face of the mandrel and the wall internal air gap.
  • the air gap here corresponds to an area outside the internal magnetic structure 4 which is in front of the space between the two magnets 18 and 19 and therefore, as shown, the ferrofluid seal extends over the entire height of the gap and overflows even up and down.
  • the external magnetic structure is here air (absence of own material element).
  • the voice coil 6 is intended to receive a modulation current that will allow the excursions of the membrane driven by the mandrel integral with said moving coil, these three elements forming the moving element.
  • the fixed coil 20 can be omitted.
  • the voice coil is a short-circuit electrical and preferably corresponds to the mandrel 3 which is then metallic and electrically conductive and forming the circular electrical short circuit.
  • this second mode the modulation current is sent in the fixed coil 20. It is understood that this second eddy current mode of operation can be used in any other type of loudspeaker and especially in those described above in connection with the Figure 1 in which have then implemented a fixed coil at the gap receiving the modulation current and a voice coil which is an electrical short circuit and preferably corresponds to an electrically conductive metal mandrel.
  • the motor has an external magnetic structure also generating a magnetic field with magnets whose orientations are compatible with those of the internal magnetic structure (we can usefully consult the request FR05 / 53331 already mentioned for examples of such engines).
  • the static magnetic field generator is only external instead of internal.
  • the motor is of the conventional iron type.
  • a first internal seal 29 ferrofluid already reported is disposed in the air gap between the inner face of the mandrel 3 and the outer face of the internal magnetic structure 4 (central ) of the speaker. This first seal 29, which is disposed in a field confinement zone, is therefore continuous on the circumference of the mandrel 3.
  • a second outer ferrofluid seal 30 is disposed on the outer face of a flange 28 of the membrane 27.
  • the second Ferrofluid seal 30 is held in place by magnetic field confinement means disposed outwardly of the flange 28 relative to the central symmetry axis 29 of the loudspeaker.
  • the confinement means disposed on an outer portion 23 of the salad bowl comprises a magnet 26 and two field plates 25, each on one of the polar faces of said magnet.
  • the second seal is extended between a field plate 25 and the flange 28 while extending continuously over the circumference of the flange 28.
  • the flange 28 comprises a means for retaining the ferrofluid and return / fluidic braking in the form of a curve, concavity towards the ferrofluid, such that when the membrane is at its rest position, the ferrofluid seal 30 has the maximum space to position itself. It is understood that during excursions of the membrane 27 and thus of the flange 28, this space will decrease hence the return / fluidic braking effect.
  • these external structures non-driving (passive) from the point of view of excursions of the moving equipment and with means of confinement of the magnetic field) and internal (motor itself ensuring the excursions of the mobile equipment and with magnetic structure (s) generator (s) of magnetic field and air gap) are equivalent: one finds there (at least) a zone of concentration of field magnetic (air gap of the motor or the magnetic field confinement means), the ferrofluid and a piece integral with the membrane (flange 28, 28 'or mandrel 3).
  • the mobile assembly may comprise, in addition to a mandrel, a rim 28, 28 'of membrane.
  • the inner portion 21 and the outer portion 23 of the salad bowl are held together by a series of fins 22 distributed over the circumference of the speaker.
  • a series of fins 22 distributed over the circumference of the speaker.
  • 6 fins of determined thickness are distributed over the 360 ° of the circumference.
  • fluidic return / braking means (conicities and / or oversizes) and / or retaining the ferrofluid (flanges) according to the characteristics described above are implemented on the mandrel 3. Note that these same means restoring / fluidic braking and / or retaining the ferrofluid can also be implemented at the high and low ends of the flange 28.
  • the motor comprises only means for generating a static magnetic field in the internal magnetic structure (towards the center of the loudspeaker), in variants, this generating structure may be external with respect to the mandrel or be external to the membrane or, in yet other variants, two coils (or series of coils) may be implemented: one (of) inwards with respect to the membrane (as shown in FIG. Figure 3 ), but also one (of) outwards with respect to the membrane with the equivalent of a mandrel instead of the flange 28 and one / structures for generating static magnetic field to create a second gap of this same side of the membrane. In the latter case, it is understood that the coils work in phase with one another for a coherent displacement of the membrane which is driven at each of its edges (external via the flange and internally via the mandrel).
  • FIG. 4 is an example of a mixed-type cone 27 '+ dome 2' membrane loudspeaker.
  • This speaker which is symmetrical cylindrical, comprises an internal motor with internal magnetic structures 4 and external 5 which is not detailed here the structure that can be of any type suitable (with or without iron, with one or two magnetic structures materialized ).
  • a coil 6 integral with a mandrel 3 itself integral with the cone type membrane 27 '+ dome 2'.
  • Ferrofluid forming a first seal 14 is disposed in the gap between the outer face of the mandrel and the outer wall of the air gap.
  • the mandrel comprises a taper-type return / braking means 12 at the two upper (front) and lower (rear) ends of the mandrel 3. It may be noted that the mandrel 3 is straight in the air gap zone (moving element at rest, at equilibrium) and that the conicity of the mandrel (bilateral) starts at the upper or lower limit of the ferrofluid joint 14.
  • the mandrel 3 comprises at its ends a ferrofluid retention means flange type 13 clearly visible towards the lower end of the mandrel. At the upper end, the flange is attached to the membrane and may be optional because the membrane alone can prevent the passage of the ferrofluid on the other side of the mandrel during extreme excursions of the moving assembly.
  • ferrofluid guiding means is also implemented in relation to a flange 28' of the membrane.
  • a ferrofluid joint 30 is implemented in a guide structure comprising at least one magnetic field confinement means (or an air gap in the case where the flange comprises a voice coil in another motor, this time external, of the loudspeaker ).
  • This guide structure which may be of the type of (and its variants) implemented at the time, is not more detailed.
  • Figure 3 As before, the speaker of the Figure 4 , can thus include a motor (external or internal) or two motors. For simplicity, it has not detailed the other elements of the speaker such as the fins between the outer and inner parts of the speaker and the associated salad bowl or the rear tire load.
  • the Figure 5 gives an exemplary embodiment of a flange at the lower end of a mandrel 3 (or flange type 28, 28 ').
  • This flange 13 is L-shaped and is slightly inclined in order to make more progressive the fluidic thrust effect which, on the Figure 5 , began to occur, the moving equipment being in an advanced upward excursion position (front of the speaker).
  • the width of the collar is such that it can pass into the gap (especially during the assembly of the engine).
  • the L-shape of the flange 13 is here used in combination with a wall 17 which extends laterally (here downwards, therefore the rear of the loudspeaker) the reduced width portion of the free space corresponding to the air gap.
  • a simplified loudspeaker preferably comprises a motor with an external magnetic field generator (with respect to the coil) without a magnetic field generator on the inner side.
  • the generator preferably comprises a radial magnetic ring formed of a circular juxtaposition of elementary radial magnets (which may lead eventually to the formation of vertical joints if an insufficient amount of ferrofluid is used).
  • any type of motor can be implemented, conventional motor iron or motor without iron and, this with or without hardware loopback (by iron or magnets) of the field outside the gap, generator (s) magnetic field unilateral (internal or external to the coil) or bilateral.
  • the engine in all its variations can also be eddy current.
  • the shape and distribution of the field in the gap can be arbitrary, for example substantially uniform field, multiple fields (alternating directions for electromagnetic braking effect and / or operation with several coils).
  • Specific magnetic field confining means may or may not be implemented in the vertical free space where the mandrel moves to facilitate the retention of the ferrofluid in the gap and said vertical free space.
  • the motors with circular symmetry circular membrane
  • other types of symmetries are possible in the context of the invention and, for example, elliptical.
  • the transducer may comprise one or two motors depending on its type (for example a cone or mixed speaker may comprise an internal motor and an external motor relative to the ends of the membrane).
  • the return / braking means tape and oversize
  • retaining / abutment flange
  • the return / braking means tape and oversize
  • retaining / abutment flange
  • a alternative may correspond to a series of independent vertical joints extended over the entire height of the gap (and possibly overflowing) and distributed over the circumference of the mandrel (preferably equiangularly) substantially parallel to each other.
  • this series of independent vertical joints does not ensure pneumatic sealing and that if it is necessary and that the it is not desired to increase the amount of ferrofluid to interconnect the vertical joints by the ferrofluid, an independent sealing means will have to be implemented (continuous joint circularly on the other side of the mandrel or other pneumatic sealing means more classic).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Elektrodynamischer Wandler (1) mit einer Membrane (2), der einen elektrodynamischen Motor in einem Rahmen (7) aufweist und in dem sich eine an einer der beiden Seiten eines Spulenkörpers (3) befestigte bewegliche Spule (6) bewegen kann, wobei der Spulenkörper mit der Membrane fest verbunden ist, der Spulenkörper und die bewegliche Spule und die Membrane eine bewegliche Gesamtheit bilden, der Spulenkörper eine durch eine im Wesentlichen lineare Mantellinie erzeugte Form aufweist, die bewegliche Spule in einem Magnetfeld eines Luftspalts eines senkrechten freien Raums angeordnet ist, in dem sie sich bewegen kann, wobei der Luftspalt zur Mitte des Wandlers hin durch eine innere magnetische Struktur (4) und zum Umfang des Wandlers hin durch eine äußere magnetische Struktur (5) begrenzt ist, wobei wenigstens eine der magnetischen Strukturen ein statisches Magnetfeld erzeugt, wobei der Wandler weder eine umfangsmäßige Aufhängung noch eine innere Aufhängung aufweist, wobei die umfangsmäßige Aufhängung eine Aufhängung zwischen dem Umfang der Membrane und dem Rahmen ist, wobei die innere Aufhängung eine Aufhängung zwischen der Membrane oder dem Spulenkörper und dem Rahmen ist, wobei die Führung der beweglichen Gesamtheit und die pneumatische Dichtigkeit zwischen der Vorderseite und der Rückseite der Membrane durch ein Ferrofluid sichergestellt sind, wobei der Wandler außerdem ein fluidisches Rückstell- und Bremsmittel der beweglichen Gesamtheit durch das Ferrofluid aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der senkrechte freie Raum einen einzigen Luftspalt aufweist und daß der Spulenkörper im Luftspalt durch Ferrofluid gehalten wird, das sich in der Höhe und umfangsmäßig auf wenigstens einer der beiden Seiten des Spulenkörpers ausbreitet, wobei das Ferrofluid den Luftspalt vollständig ausfüllt.
  2. Wandler gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich das Ferrofluid in der Höhe und umfangsmäßig nur auf einer der beiden Seiten des Spulenkörpers ausbreitet und dabei den Luftspalt vollständig ausfüllt.
  3. Wandler gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Seite des Spulenkörpers, die von der das sich in der Höhe und umfangsmäßig ausbreitende Ferrofluid aufweisenden Seite abgewandt ist, Ferrofluid aufweist, das den Luftspalt nicht vollständig ausfüllt.
  4. Wandler gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das den Luftspalt vollständig ausfüllende Ferrofluid an jedem der beiden Enden des Luftspalts überläuft, damit der Luftspalt bei Bewegungen des Spulenkörpers im Luftspalt auf der (bzw. den) entsprechenden Seite(n) des Spulenkörpers ständig mit Ferrofluid gefüllt ist.
  5. Wandler gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das fluidische Rückstell- und Bremsmittel aus wenigstens einem der folgenden Mittel und deren Kombinationen ausgewählt ist:
    - eine obere und/oder untere Verjüngung des Spulenkörpers auf der Seite des Ferrofluids,
    - wenigstens ein oberes und/oder unteres als Verdickung ausgebildetes Motiv des Spulenkörpers auf der Seite des Ferrofluids,
    - wenigstens eine konkave Form des Spulenkörpers.
  6. Wandler gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er an wenigstens einem der beiden Enden des Spulenkörpers ein Mittel zum Zurückhalten des Ferrofluids aufweist, wobei das Rückhaltemittel ein Bund ist, der bei übermäßigen Bewegungen des Spulenkörpers das Ferrofluid auf der Seite des Spulenkörpers zurückhält, auf der er sich ursprünglich befindet.
  7. Wandler gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er wenigstens zwei Mittel (11) zum Begrenzen des Magnetfelds im senkrechten freien Raum aufweist, wobei die Begrenzungsmittel im senkrechten freien Raum abgestuft sind.
  8. Wandler gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er außerdem wenigstens ein nicht fluidisches Mittel zum Zurückstellen der beweglichen Gesamtheit aufweist.
  9. Wandler gemäß Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das nicht fluidische Mittel zum Zurückstellen der beweglichen Gesamtheit aus einem oder mehreren der folgenden Mittel ausgewählt ist:
    Belastung der Membrane durch ein geschlossenes Volumen auf der Rückseite der Wölbung, wobei die innere magnetische Struktur zum geschlossenen Volumen hin offen ist;
    Belastung der Membrane durch ein geschlossenes Volumen auf der Rückseite der Wölbung, wobei die innere magnetische Struktur zum geschlossenen Volumen hin offen ist, das eine Vorrichtung zum Regeln seines inneren Drucks, insbesondere durch Regelung der Temperatur der im geschlossenen Volumen enthaltenen Luft, aufweist;
    Belastung der Membrane durch ein quasi-geschlossenes Volumen auf der Rückseite der Wölbung, wobei die innere magnetische Struktur zum quasi-geschlossenen Volumen hin offen ist, wobei das quasi-geschlossene Volumen ein geringes Luftleck aufweist, dessen Zeitkonstante im Verhältnis zu den nachzubildenden Frequenzen sehr groß ist, wobei das Leck insbesondere in Form eines porösen Materials oder eines Lochs mit sehr geringem Durchmesser oder eines dünnen Rohrs nach außerhalb des Wandlers vorliegt;
    ein mechanisches Rückstellmittel vom Typ einer Feder oder eines elastischen Materials zwischen der Wölbung oder dem Spulenkörper und einem festen Teil des Wandlers;
    eine elektronische Steuerung der Position der Spule;
    eine derartige Gestaltung der Spule und der inneren und der äußeren magnetischen Struktur, daß eine Rückstellkraft auf die Spule durch elektromagnetische Wirkung ausgeübt wird;
    eine derartige Gestaltung der Spule und der inneren und der äußeren magnetischen Struktur, daß eine Rückstellkraft auf die bewegliche Gesamtheit durch magnetische Wirkung ausgeübt wird.
  10. Wandler gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er ein Lautsprecher ist, wobei die Membrane eine Wölbung ist.
  11. Wandler gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er ein Lautsprecher ist, die Membrane ein Kegel (27) ist, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Membrane im Verhältnis zur Mitte des Lautsprechers außerhalb befindet, wobei außerdem eine durchgehende Dichtung (30) aus Ferrofluid entlang des Umfangs einer Kante (28) der Membrane angeordnet ist, wobei die Kante (28) entlang des Randes der Membrane verläuft, der von dem mit dem Spulenkörper (3) in Verbindung stehenden Rand der Membrane abgewandt ist, wobei die Dichtung (30) aus Ferrofluid durch wenigstens ein Mittel (25, 26) zum Begrenzen des Magnetfelds gehalten wird.
  12. Wandler gemäß Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kante (28) ein Mittel zum Zurückhalten und zum fluidischen Zurückstellen/Bremsen in Form einer Krümmung derart aufweist, daß, wenn die Membrane in ihrer Ruhestellung ist, die Dichtung (30) aus Ferrofluid einen maximalen Raum zur Verfügung hat, um sich gegenüber den Bewegungen außerhalb der Ruheposition zu positionieren.
  13. Wandler gemäß den Ansprüchen 10 und 11 oder 10 und 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membrane einen Teil als Wölbung und einen anderen Teil als Kegel aufweist.
  14. Wandler gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bewegliche Spule eine Windung mit elektrischem Kurzschluß ist und daß wenigstens eine der magnetischen Strukturen eine feste Spule (20) aufweist, die dazu bestimmt ist, einen Modulationsstrom aufzunehmen, wobei die feste Spule im Bereich des Luftspalts in der magnetischen Struktur angeordnet ist.
  15. Wandler gemäß Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bewegliche Spule vom Typ einer Windung mit elektrischem Kurzschluß in den Spulenkörper integriert ist, wobei der Spulenkörper aus Metall ist und elektrisch leitend ist und die Windung mit elektrischem Kurzschluß bildet.
EP08827304.0A 2007-08-09 2008-08-07 Elektrodynamischer wandler, insbesondere nach art eines lautsprechers mit einer ferrofluid-aufhängung und entsprechende vorrichtungen Active EP2177047B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0757017A FR2919978B1 (fr) 2007-08-09 2007-08-09 Transducteur electrodynamique, notamment du type haut-parleur, a suspension ferrofluide et dispositifs associes
PCT/FR2008/051478 WO2009022085A1 (fr) 2007-08-09 2008-08-07 Transducteur electrodynamique, notamment du type haut-parleur, a suspension ferrofluide et dispositifs associes

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EP2177047A1 EP2177047A1 (de) 2010-04-21
EP2177047B1 true EP2177047B1 (de) 2017-07-05

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EP2141939B1 (de) * 2008-07-02 2016-11-09 Renault SAS Dorn für eine Spulenwandlermotorstruktur
KR100890220B1 (ko) * 2008-09-10 2009-03-25 주식회사 예일전자 감각신호출력장치
AU2013399148B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2017-03-23 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Variable reluctance transducers
MY201278A (en) 2015-09-14 2024-02-14 Wing Acoustics Ltd Improvements in or relating to audio transducers
CN205847556U (zh) * 2016-05-26 2016-12-28 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 扬声器
US11166100B2 (en) 2017-03-15 2021-11-02 Wing Acoustics Limited Bass optimization for audio systems and devices
US11137803B2 (en) 2017-03-22 2021-10-05 Wing Acoustics Limited Slim electronic devices and audio transducers incorporated therein
CN109982221B (zh) * 2019-04-30 2024-04-30 歌尔股份有限公司 发声装置以及电子产品
CN113453129B (zh) * 2021-07-08 2022-07-05 嘉善凯斯电子股份有限公司 一种高灵敏中音喇叭

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US5335287A (en) * 1993-04-06 1994-08-02 Aura, Ltd. Loudspeaker utilizing magnetic liquid suspension of the voice coil
DK171729B1 (da) * 1994-11-01 1997-04-14 Dan Kristoffersen Elektrodynamisk højttaler med væskeophængt bevægeligt system
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Publication number Publication date
FR2919978B1 (fr) 2011-04-29
US8280096B2 (en) 2012-10-02
WO2009022085A1 (fr) 2009-02-19
EP2177047A1 (de) 2010-04-21
US20110188698A1 (en) 2011-08-04
FR2919978A1 (fr) 2009-02-13

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