EP2159404A1 - Exhaust gas recirculation circuit - Google Patents

Exhaust gas recirculation circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2159404A1
EP2159404A1 EP09166188A EP09166188A EP2159404A1 EP 2159404 A1 EP2159404 A1 EP 2159404A1 EP 09166188 A EP09166188 A EP 09166188A EP 09166188 A EP09166188 A EP 09166188A EP 2159404 A1 EP2159404 A1 EP 2159404A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
loop
phase
filter
catalytic phase
exhaust gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP09166188A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gérald Crepeau
Benoît GOBIN
Thierry Bertin
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Application filed by Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA filed Critical Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
Publication of EP2159404A1 publication Critical patent/EP2159404A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/41—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories characterised by the arrangement of the recirculation passage in relation to the engine, e.g. to cylinder heads, liners, spark plugs or manifolds; characterised by the arrangement of the recirculation passage in relation to specially adapted combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/35—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for cleaning or treating the recirculated gases, e.g. catalysts, condensate traps, particle filters or heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust gas recirculation loop.
  • pollutants the emission of nitrogen oxides called NO x is a problem since these gases are suspected to be one of the factors contributing to the formation of acid rain and deforestation.
  • An exhaust gas recirculation loop is a system introduced in the 1970s that redirects part of the exhaust from internal combustion engines to the intake.
  • a recirculation loop reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides in the combustion chamber.
  • a recirculation loop generally comprises a valve which makes it possible to dose the amount of recirculated exhaust gas which is reintroduced to the intake.
  • the loop also includes an exchanger whose role is to cool the recirculated exhaust gas to improve the efficiency of the recirculation loop.
  • the use of an exhaust gas recirculation loop in an engine may result in the formation of particle or lacquer deposits in the recirculation loop. Such clogging of the loop can then affect all parts downstream of the loop or affected by the flow back ("back flow" in English).
  • the distributor, the cylinder head ducts, the intake valves, the possible sensors, the air metering units as well as the hoses or the bypass of the upstream air line of the recirculated exhaust gases are part of the parts that can be affected by fouling of the loop.
  • the deposits at the exchanger, the valve and the distributor are of different natures.
  • the deposits of the exchanger are formed mainly by thermophoresis that is to say by attraction on a cold wall of particles moving under the action of a thermal gradient.
  • diffusionphorsis and condensation are the predominant phenomena.
  • the species that settle on the wall at the valve are rather hydrocarbons.
  • the major compounds of the deposits in the distributor are hydrocarbons generally comprising between 10 and 36 carbon atoms in the carbon chain. Such hydrocarbons come mainly from unburned hydrocarbons in the combustion chamber, fuel and engine oil thermobasing.
  • the deposits vary according to different parameters.
  • the temperature of the gases, the temperature of the walls, the speed of the gases, the nature of the fuel, the type of combustion and the nature of the oil used are parameters which influence the nature of the deposits which can foul the recirculation loop.
  • Deposits can cause the valve in the loop to snap in the closed position increasing the amount of pollutants released by the vehicle into the atmosphere.
  • the valve can also lock in the open position.
  • the engine can in such a case not start and combustion become unstable.
  • the thermal efficiency and the permeability of the exchanger of the loop can be greatly reduced during a clogging of the exchanger.
  • the deposits can ignite on contact with an incandescent particle.
  • a high gas temperature or a flame front from the combustion chamber are other mechanisms that can lead to ignition of the deposits.
  • a deposit in the distributor may ignite if the surrounding temperature is maintained for a few minutes at 180 ° C. Inflammation of deposits can lead to malfunctions of parts affected by deposits. It is therefore desirable to avoid the formation and ignition of deposits in the recirculation loop and the distributor.
  • an internal combustion engine including an exhaust path and an air supply system for the combustion of air.
  • a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger is arranged in the air supply system for the combustion of air.
  • An exhaust gas turbocharger turbine, a first particulate filter, and an adjustable exhaust throttle are arranged in series in a downstream direction in the exhaust path.
  • a low pressure re-circulated exhaust line branches off the exhaust path downstream of a first particulate filter and discharges into the air supply system for combustion upstream of the compressor.
  • a recirculated exhaust gas cooler, a re-circulated exhaust gas valve and a second particulate filter with a mesh filter of at least 50 ⁇ m are arranged in the re-circulated exhaust gas line. at low pressure.
  • an exhaust gas purification device for a diesel engine comprising a catalytic unit for reducing nitrogen oxides and a diesel particulate filter unit successively arranged upstream of an exhaust gas stream.
  • the device further comprises a diesel fuel injector disposed at a front end portion of the catalytic unit for reducing nitrogen oxides and an exhaust gas recirculation line for entering a portion of the exhaust gas from a rear end of the diesel particulate filter unit to an intake manifold of an engine.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation line has no additional control valve or controller.
  • the invention proposes an exhaust gas recirculation loop comprising an exhaust gas inlet, an exhaust gas flow control valve, a connection duct between the inlet and the control valve. , a particle-stop filter with a catalytic phase, characterized in that the filter is located in the connecting pipe.
  • the filter is a filter for stopping incandescent particles.
  • the catalytic phase comprises a catalyst for the oxidation of hydrocarbons.
  • the filter is a metal structure with a mesh size of between 0.5 mm 2 and 4 mm 2 , preferably between 0.5 mm 2 and 2.5 mm 2 .
  • the catalytic phase comprises an active oxidation phase, the active oxidation phase comprising one or more elements chosen from a group comprising transition metal oxides, rare earth oxides and combinations of oxides of oxides. transition metals and rare earth oxides.
  • the charge in the active oxidation phase in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / l.
  • the catalytic phase further comprises at least one precious metal, preferably selected from a group comprising platinum, palladium or a combination of the two, especially in a ratio between platinum and palladium of less than 2, the charge in precious metal being between 5 and 50 g / ft 3 .
  • the catalytic phase further comprises a zeolite type material, the filler of zeolite type material in the catalytic phase being less than 75 g / l.
  • the catalytic phase may thus comprise a part with an active oxidation phase, a combination of platinum and palladium, zeolite type materials such that the active phase oxidation charge in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / L, the charge of precious metals in the catalytic phase is between 5 and 25 g / ft 3 , the ratio of platinum to palladium is less than 1 and the load of zeolite materials is 75 g / L.
  • the catalytic phase comprises a part with an active oxidation phase, a combination of platinum and palladium, zeolite type materials such that the active phase oxidation charge in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / L, the charge of precious metals in the catalytic phase is between 10 and 50 g / ft 3 , the ratio of platinum to palladium is between 1 and 2 and the load of zeolite materials is less than 40 g / L.
  • the filter consists of several filters.
  • the present invention also relates to an engine equipped with a recirculation loop as defined above.
  • figure 1 a schematic view of a vehicle engine.
  • an exhaust gas recirculation loop comprising an exhaust gas inlet and a valve for controlling the flow of exhaust gas.
  • the loop also includes a connecting pipe between the inlet and the valve.
  • the loop further comprises a particle stop filter with a catalytic phase, the filter being in the connecting conduit.
  • the loop stops particles that can ignite the deposited particles, limit flame fronts and oxidize hydrocarbons passing through the filter.
  • the use of a particulate filter prevents inflammation of the deposits present in the loop or in the air lines (ducts, metering devices, distributors, by-pass ).
  • the phenomenon of fouling is limited by ensuring a conversion of hydrocarbons by the presence of the catalytic phase. This therefore improves the durability of the engine without impacting the performance of the engine.
  • Such a recirculation loop 10 can be implemented in a vehicle engine 12 as illustrated by FIG. figure 1 .
  • the engine 12 can be any type of engine.
  • the engine 12 can in particular use any fuel such as gasoline, diesel, biofuels, CNG or LPG.
  • the engine 12 includes one or more combustion chambers 16 located between an intake manifold 18 and an exhaust manifold.
  • the inlet distributor 18 receives air to be introduced into the combustion chamber 16 via an air line 14.
  • Fuel is also injected into the combustion chamber 16 generally via an injection nozzle which is not represented on the figure 1 .
  • the exhaust manifold receives the gas emissions produced by the combustion and directs them to an exhaust line 21 which comprises an unillustrated exhaust catalyst.
  • the catalyst processes the emissions produced by the combustion before expulsion to the outside atmosphere.
  • the exhaust line 21 may be further equipped with a particulate filter (FAP) placed after the catalyst.
  • FAP particulate filter
  • the engine 12 comprises an exhaust gas recirculation loop 10 (or "Exhaust gas recirculation" EGR in English).
  • the loop 10 redirects a portion of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engines to the intake. Pollutant emissions are reduced in the presence of loop 10.
  • the loop 10 comprises an inlet 24 of exhaust gas.
  • the loop 10 also comprises a valve 28 for controlling the flow of the exhaust gas.
  • the valve 28 controls the amount of exhaust gas re-circulated to ensure maximum efficiency of the recirculation for the reduction of pollution emitted by the vehicle.
  • the loop 10 further comprises a conduit 22 connecting the inlet 24 and the valve 28.
  • the conduit 22 allows to bring the exhaust gas from the manifold 20 to the valve 28.
  • the loop 10 further comprises a filter 26 of arresting particles with a catalytic phase.
  • the filter 26 makes it possible to stop particles of metallic or organic origin. Filter 26 also serves as flame arrestor.
  • the filter 26 is in the conduit 22 of connection.
  • the loop 10 makes it possible to limit the fouling of the parts placed downstream of the filter 26.
  • Loop 10 limits fouling of the valve 28. This avoids positioning the valve 28 in a hot environment unfavorable to the formation of deposits.
  • the use of the loop 10 thus allows the repositioning of the valve 28 in a position in which the environment is colder, as after the exchanger 30 for example. The life of the valve 28 is thus increased.
  • the loop 10 also limits the fouling of an exchanger 30 for cooling the re-circulated exhaust gas.
  • the fouling of the distributor 18 also placed downstream of the filter 26 is also reduced.
  • the loop 10 also reduces the risk of self-ignition deposits that can form on the parts downstream of the loop 10.
  • the risk of damage and melting downstream parts such as the distributor 18 for example are also reduced.
  • the presence of the catalytic phase also limits the creation of repositories.
  • the performance of the loop 10 is also not degraded thereby increase compliance on the emission pollution, particularly as regards nitrogen oxides (NO x).
  • the loop 10 thus increases the durability of the engine 12 without reducing the performance of the engine 12.
  • the filter 26 may in particular be a filter 26 for stopping incandescent particles.
  • An incandescent particle is a particle carrying energy after having seen a high temperature (for example a particle originating from the scaling of a piston 1 mm in diameter and at 550 ° C).
  • a particle which is likely to cause the ignition of a deposit of a wall is considered as an incandescent particle.
  • the presence of a filter 26 for stopping incandescent particles makes it possible to further limit the risks of ignition of the deposits on the walls of the re-circulated exhaust gas loop.
  • the filter 26 may be a metal structure.
  • the metal structure may in particular be a wire mesh or a metal foam.
  • the use of a metal structure avoids the pollution of parts placed downstream of the loop 10. The risk of galling of the valve 28 are particularly particularly reduced. The permeability of the loop 10 is thus optimized. In addition, a metal structure is resistant to thermal constraints imposed.
  • the metal structure can have between 100 and 600 cells per square inch. Such a choice makes it possible to avoid the formation of a backpressure and takes into account the temperatures at the level of the filter 26.
  • the structure comprises between 250 and 600 cells per square inch, which leads to an increase in the catalytic efficiency of the filter. 26.
  • the filter 26 has a mesh section of between 0.5 mm 2 and 4 mm 2 . Such values make it possible not to let the incandescent particles pass.
  • the filter 26 thus allows a filtration efficiency of the incandescent particles which may be greater than 85%.
  • the pressure difference generated is low because the filter 26 allows radial diffusion of the flow of re-circulated exhaust gas passing therethrough.
  • the mesh section is between 0.5 mm 2 and 2.5 mm 2 .
  • the catalytic phase may comprise a hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst.
  • a hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst makes it possible to prevent the formation of deposits, in particular in the distributor 18 or the valve 28.
  • the catalytic phase of the filter 26 may also comprise an active oxidation phase also called “coating” or "wash-coat” in English.
  • the active oxidation phase promotes the oxidation of hydrocarbons. This prevents clogging of the loop 10.
  • the elements of the active oxidation phase may be transition metal oxides or rare earth oxides.
  • alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), silica (SiO 2 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), ceria (CeO 2 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ) or oxide lanthanum (La 2 O 3 ) can be used. Any other oxide which exhibits properties in oxidation catalysis is also likely to be employed in the composition of the active oxidation phase.
  • the oxides can be used in combination, for example a combination of silica with alumina SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 or a mixture of cerine (CeO 2 ) and zirconia (ZrO 2 ).
  • the active phase oxidation charge in the catalytic phase may be between 50 and 200 g / l. This corresponds to a compromise between the desired hydrocarbon oxidation efficiency and the counterpressure generated by the catalytic phase by reducing the hydraulic diameter.
  • the charge in the active phase of oxidation in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / l. This makes it possible to obtain a compromise between the oxidation of the hydrocarbons and the counterpressure generated even better.
  • the catalytic phase may comprise at least one precious metal.
  • the presence of precious metals makes it possible to increase the oxidation efficiency of the catalytic phase. The fouling of the exhaust gas recirculation loop 10 is thus reduced.
  • the precious metal charge in the catalytic phase can vary from 1 to 200 g / ft 3 . This makes it possible to obtain a good efficiency of oxidation of the hydrocarbons taking into account the temperature of the tube 22.
  • the precious metal charge in the catalytic phase is between 5 and 50 g / ft 3 . This makes it possible to further improve the oxidation efficiency of the hydrocarbons.
  • the precious metal may be a member selected from a group consisting of platinum, palladium or a combination of both.
  • the addition of such precious metals increases the oxidation efficiency of the filter 26.
  • the combination of platinum and palladium is particularly advantageous because such a mixture ensures that a precious metal is active for all ranges of temperature. Platinum is indeed active at low temperature but not very resistant to high temperature. Palladium is less active at low temperatures but more resistant to high temperature.
  • the catalytic phase comprises a combination of platinum and palladium
  • a ratio of platinum to palladium of less than 2 further improves the oxidation efficiency of the hydrocarbons.
  • the catalytic phase may further comprise a zeolite type material.
  • the zeolite type materials belong to the family of aluminosilicates and are also called "HC traps". Such materials do indeed have cold hydrocarbon trapping properties.
  • the presence of zeolite type material in the catalytic phase makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the filter 26 for cold temperatures.
  • the load of zeolite type material in the catalytic phase is less than 75 g / l. This makes it possible to obtain good oxidation efficiency of the hydrocarbons at low temperature.
  • the catalytic phase may comprise several parts. This makes it possible to further improve the efficiency of the filter 26.
  • a part may comprise an active oxidation phase, a combination of platinum and palladium and zeolite type materials.
  • the active phase oxidation charge in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / l.
  • the precious metal charge in the catalytic phase is between 5 and 25 g / ft 3 .
  • the ratio of platinum to palladium is less than 1 and the load of zeolite materials is 75 g / L.
  • Such a part is particularly effective for the oxidation of hydrocarbons coming directly from the manifold 20. It is thus advantageous to place this first part upstream in the filter 26 in the direction of flow of the re-circulated exhaust gas, manifold 20 to the distributor 18.
  • Another part may comprise an active oxidation phase, a combination of platinum and palladium and zeolite type materials.
  • the active phase oxidation charge in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / l.
  • the precious metal charge in the catalytic phase is between 10 and 50 g / ft 3 .
  • the ratio of platinum to palladium is between 1 and 2 and the filler material zeolite is less than 40 g / L.
  • Such a part is particularly effective for the oxidation of the hydrocarbons which have passed through most of the filter 26. It is thus advantageous to place this second part downstream in the filter 26 in the direction of flow of the exhaust gases. circulated, from the manifold 20 to the distributor 18.
  • the implantation of the filter 26 is at the level of the connecting conduit 22.
  • the volume of the filter 26 may be relatively large.
  • the average incoming temperatures are 330 ° C and range from a minimum of 190 ° C to 770 ° C.
  • the maximum temperature of the wall is 500 ° C.
  • the maximum gas temperature is 560 ° C during operation of the exhaust gas recirculation loop.
  • the temperature of the gases is 810 ° C when the valve 28 is closed.
  • the minimum gas flow rate is 4 g / s and the maximum flow rate is 33 g / s, the average flow rate being 9 g / s.
  • the maximum radial exotherm temperature is 30 ° C and the maximum longitudinal exotherm temperature of 20 ° C per 1000 ppm of hydrocarbon passing through the filter 26.
  • the filter 26 may be cylindrical, with an oval opening or not, or even parallelepipedal.
  • the volume of the filter 26 may be about 100 cm 3 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

The loop (10) has an exhaust gas inlet (24), and a valve (28) for controlling a flow rate of the exhaust gas. A connection pipe (22) connects the inlet and the control valve. A stop filter (26) is located in the connection pipe for filtering the incandescent particles with a catalytic phase, where the catalytic phase comprises precious metals selected from platinum or palladium, and zeolite material. A mesh section of the filter ranges between 0.5 square mm and 2.5 square mm.

Description

La présente invention concerne une boucle de recirculation de gaz d'échappement.The present invention relates to an exhaust gas recirculation loop.

La combustion de combustible fossile comme le pétrole ou le charbon dans un système de combustion, en particulier le carburant diesel dans un moteur diesel, peut entraîner la production en quantité non négligeable de polluants qui peuvent être déchargés par l'échappement dans l'environnement et y causer des dégâts. Parmi ces polluants, l'émission des oxydes d'azote appelés NOx pose un problème puisque ces gaz sont soupçonnés d'être un des facteurs qui contribuent à la formation des pluies acides et à la déforestation.The combustion of fossil fuel such as oil or coal in a combustion system, particularly diesel fuel in a diesel engine, can result in the production of significant amounts of pollutants that can be discharged through the exhaust into the environment and cause damage. Among these pollutants, the emission of nitrogen oxides called NO x is a problem since these gases are suspected to be one of the factors contributing to the formation of acid rain and deforestation.

Une boucle de recirculation des gaz d'échappement (ou « Exhaust gas recirculation » EGR en anglais) est un système introduit dans les années 70 qui consiste à rediriger une partie des gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion interne vers l'admission. Une boucle de recirculation permet de réduire la formation d'oxydes d'azote dans la chambre de combustion. Une boucle de recirculation comporte généralement une vanne qui permet de doser la quantité de gaz d'échappement recirculés qui est réintroduite à l'admission. La boucle comprend aussi un échangeur dont le rôle est de refroidir les gaz d'échappement recirculés afin d'améliorer l'efficacité de la boucle de recirculation.An exhaust gas recirculation loop (EGR) is a system introduced in the 1970s that redirects part of the exhaust from internal combustion engines to the intake. A recirculation loop reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides in the combustion chamber. A recirculation loop generally comprises a valve which makes it possible to dose the amount of recirculated exhaust gas which is reintroduced to the intake. The loop also includes an exchanger whose role is to cool the recirculated exhaust gas to improve the efficiency of the recirculation loop.

L'utilisation d'une boucle de recirculation de gaz d'échappement dans un moteur peut entraîner la formation de dépôts de particules ou de laque dans la boucle de recirculation. Un tel encrassement de la boucle peut alors concerner l'ensemble des pièces en aval de la boucle ou touchées par l'écoulement en retour (« back flow » en anglais). Le répartiteur, les conduits de culasse, les soupapes d'admissions, les éventuels capteurs, les doseurs d'air ainsi que les durites ou le by-pass de la ligne d'air amont des gaz d'échappement recirculés font partie des pièces qui peuvent être touchées par l'encrassement de la boucle.The use of an exhaust gas recirculation loop in an engine may result in the formation of particle or lacquer deposits in the recirculation loop. Such clogging of the loop can then affect all parts downstream of the loop or affected by the flow back ("back flow" in English). The distributor, the cylinder head ducts, the intake valves, the possible sensors, the air metering units as well as the hoses or the bypass of the upstream air line of the recirculated exhaust gases are part of the parts that can be affected by fouling of the loop.

Les dépôts au niveau de l'échangeur, la vanne et du répartiteur sont de différentes natures. Ainsi, les dépôts de l'échangeur se forment principalement par thermophorèse c'est-à-dire par attraction sur une paroi froide de particules se déplaçant sous l'action d'un gradient thermique. Dans la vanne, la diffusionphorèse et la condensation sont les phénomènes prépondérants. De ce fait, les espèces qui se déposent sur la paroi au niveau de la vanne sont plutôt des hydrocarbures. Les composés majoritaires des dépôts dans le répartiteur sont des hydrocarbures comprenant généralement entre 10 et 36 atomes de carbone dans la chaîne carbonée. De tels hydrocarbures proviennent principalement des hydrocarbures imbrûlés dans la chambre de combustion, du carburant et du thermocisaillement de l'huile moteur. En outre, les dépôts varient en fonction de différents paramètres. A titre d'illustration, la température des gaz, la température des parois, la vitesse des gaz, la nature du carburant, le type de combustion et la nature de l'huile utilisée sont de paramètres qui influent la nature des dépôts qui peuvent encrasser la boucle de recirculation.The deposits at the exchanger, the valve and the distributor are of different natures. Thus, the deposits of the exchanger are formed mainly by thermophoresis that is to say by attraction on a cold wall of particles moving under the action of a thermal gradient. In the valve, diffusionphorsis and condensation are the predominant phenomena. As a result, the species that settle on the wall at the valve are rather hydrocarbons. The major compounds of the deposits in the distributor are hydrocarbons generally comprising between 10 and 36 carbon atoms in the carbon chain. Such hydrocarbons come mainly from unburned hydrocarbons in the combustion chamber, fuel and engine oil thermobasing. In addition, the deposits vary according to different parameters. By way of illustration, the temperature of the gases, the temperature of the walls, the speed of the gases, the nature of the fuel, the type of combustion and the nature of the oil used are parameters which influence the nature of the deposits which can foul the recirculation loop.

Les dépôts peuvent entraîner que la vanne de la boucle se grippe en position fermée augmentant la quantité de polluants rejetés par le véhicule dans l'atmosphère. La vanne peut aussi se bloquer en position ouverte. Le moteur peut dans un tel cas ne plus démarrer et la combustion devenir instable. L'efficacité thermique et la perméabilité de l'échangeur de la boucle peuvent être fortement réduites lors d'un encrassement de l'échangeur. De plus, les dépôts peuvent s'enflammer au contact d'une particule incandescente. Une température de gaz élevée ou un front de flamme provenant de la chambre de combustion sont d'autres mécanismes pouvant conduire à l'inflammation des dépôts. Par exemple, un dépôt dans le répartiteur peut s'enflammer si la température environnante est maintenue pendant quelques minutes à 180°C. Les inflammations de dépôts peuvent conduire à des dysfonctionnements des pièces concernées par les dépôts. II est donc souhaitable d'éviter la formation et l'inflammation des dépôts dans la boucle de recirculation et le répartiteur.Deposits can cause the valve in the loop to snap in the closed position increasing the amount of pollutants released by the vehicle into the atmosphere. The valve can also lock in the open position. The engine can in such a case not start and combustion become unstable. The thermal efficiency and the permeability of the exchanger of the loop can be greatly reduced during a clogging of the exchanger. In addition, the deposits can ignite on contact with an incandescent particle. A high gas temperature or a flame front from the combustion chamber are other mechanisms that can lead to ignition of the deposits. For example, a deposit in the distributor may ignite if the surrounding temperature is maintained for a few minutes at 180 ° C. Inflammation of deposits can lead to malfunctions of parts affected by deposits. It is therefore desirable to avoid the formation and ignition of deposits in the recirculation loop and the distributor.

Il est connu du document US 2008/0041051 un moteur à combustion interne comprenant une voie de gaz d'échappement et un système d'approvisionnement en air pour la combustion de l'air. Un compresseur d'un turbocompresseur de gaz d'échappement est agencé dans le système d'approvisionnement en air pour la combustion de l'air. Une turbine du turbocompresseur de gaz d'échappement, un premier filtre à particules, et un papillon de gaz d'échappement réglable sont agencés en série dans une direction en aval dans la voie de gaz d'échappement. Une ligne de gaz d'échappement re-circulés à basse pression bifurque depuis la voie de gaz d'échappement en aval d'un premier filtre à particules et se décharge dans le système d'approvisionnement en air pour la combustion en amont du compresseur. Un refroidisseur de gaz d'échappement recirculés, une valve de gaz d'échappement re-circulés et un second filtre à particules avec un filtre à maillage d'au moins 50 µm sont agencés dans la ligne à de gaz d'échappement re-circulés à basse pression.It is known from the document US 2008/0041051 an internal combustion engine including an exhaust path and an air supply system for the combustion of air. A compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger is arranged in the air supply system for the combustion of air. An exhaust gas turbocharger turbine, a first particulate filter, and an adjustable exhaust throttle are arranged in series in a downstream direction in the exhaust path. A low pressure re-circulated exhaust line branches off the exhaust path downstream of a first particulate filter and discharges into the air supply system for combustion upstream of the compressor. A recirculated exhaust gas cooler, a re-circulated exhaust gas valve and a second particulate filter with a mesh filter of at least 50 μm are arranged in the re-circulated exhaust gas line. at low pressure.

Il est également connu du document WO-A-2007/136148 un dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement pour un moteur diesel comprenant une unité catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote et une unité de filtre à particules diesel agencées successivement en amont d'un flux de gaz d'échappement. Le dispositif comporte en outre un injecteur de carburant diesel disposé à une partie d'extrémité avant de l'unité catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote et une ligne de recirculation des gaz d'échappement pour entrer une partie des gaz d'échappement depuis une extrémité arrière de l'unité de filtre à particules diesel à une tubulure d'admission d'un moteur. La ligne de recirculation des gaz d'échappement ne comporte pas de soupape de réglage supplémentaire ou de contrôleur.It is also known from the document WO-2007/136148 an exhaust gas purification device for a diesel engine comprising a catalytic unit for reducing nitrogen oxides and a diesel particulate filter unit successively arranged upstream of an exhaust gas stream. The device further comprises a diesel fuel injector disposed at a front end portion of the catalytic unit for reducing nitrogen oxides and an exhaust gas recirculation line for entering a portion of the exhaust gas from a rear end of the diesel particulate filter unit to an intake manifold of an engine. The exhaust gas recirculation line has no additional control valve or controller.

Mais, les dispositifs précités ne proposent pas de solutions convenables pour obtenir une bonne durabilité du moteur. Il existe donc un besoin pour un dispositif permettant de garantir une bonne durabilité d'un moteur disposant d'une boucle de recirculation de gaz d'échappement sans réduire les performances du moteur.But, the aforementioned devices do not provide suitable solutions to obtain good durability of the engine. There is therefore a need for a device to ensure a good durability of an engine with an exhaust gas recirculation loop without reducing the performance of the engine.

Pour cela, l'invention propose une boucle de recirculation de gaz d'échappement comprenant une entrée de gaz d'échappement, une vanne de contrôle du débit des gaz d'échappement, un conduit de liaison entre l'entrée et la vanne de contrôle, un filtre d'arrêt de particules avec une phase catalytique, caractérisé en ce que le filtre est localisé dans le conduit de liaison.For this, the invention proposes an exhaust gas recirculation loop comprising an exhaust gas inlet, an exhaust gas flow control valve, a connection duct between the inlet and the control valve. , a particle-stop filter with a catalytic phase, characterized in that the filter is located in the connecting pipe.

Dans une variante, le filtre est un filtre d'arrêt de particules incandescentes.In a variant, the filter is a filter for stopping incandescent particles.

Dans une variante, la phase catalytique comprend un catalyseur d'oxydation des hydrocarbures.In a variant, the catalytic phase comprises a catalyst for the oxidation of hydrocarbons.

Dans une variante, le filtre est une structure métallique avec une section de maillage comprise entre 0,5 mm2 et 4 mm2, de préférence entre 0,5 mm2 et 2,5 mm2.In a variant, the filter is a metal structure with a mesh size of between 0.5 mm 2 and 4 mm 2 , preferably between 0.5 mm 2 and 2.5 mm 2 .

Dans une variante, la phase catalytique comprend une phase active d'oxydation, la phase active d'oxydation comprenant un ou plusieurs éléments choisis parmi un groupe comprenant les oxydes de métaux de transition, les oxydes de terres rares et les combinaisons d'oxydes de métaux de transition et d'oxydes de terres rares.In a variant, the catalytic phase comprises an active oxidation phase, the active oxidation phase comprising one or more elements chosen from a group comprising transition metal oxides, rare earth oxides and combinations of oxides of oxides. transition metals and rare earth oxides.

Dans une variante, la charge en phase active d'oxydation dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 50 et 120 g/L.In a variant, the charge in the active oxidation phase in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / l.

Dans une variante, la phase catalytique comprend en outre au moins un métal précieux, choisi de préférence dans un groupe comprenant le platine, le palladium ou une combinaison des deux notamment dans un rapport entre le platine et le palladium inférieur à 2, la charge en métal précieux étant comprise entre 5 et 50 g/ft3.In a variant, the catalytic phase further comprises at least one precious metal, preferably selected from a group comprising platinum, palladium or a combination of the two, especially in a ratio between platinum and palladium of less than 2, the charge in precious metal being between 5 and 50 g / ft 3 .

Dans une variante, la phase catalytique comprend en outre un matériau de type zéolithe, la charge en matériau de type zéolithe dans la phase catalytique étant inférieure à 75 g/L. Avantageusement, la phase catalytique peut ainsi comprendre une partie avec une phase active d'oxydation, une combinaison de platine et de palladium, des matériaux de type zéolithe telle que la charge en phase active d'oxydation dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 50 et 120 g/L, la charge en métaux précieux dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 5 et 25 g/ft3, le rapport entre le platine et le palladium est inférieur à 1 et la charge en matériaux de type zéolithe est de 75 g/L.In a variant, the catalytic phase further comprises a zeolite type material, the filler of zeolite type material in the catalytic phase being less than 75 g / l. Advantageously, the catalytic phase may thus comprise a part with an active oxidation phase, a combination of platinum and palladium, zeolite type materials such that the active phase oxidation charge in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / L, the charge of precious metals in the catalytic phase is between 5 and 25 g / ft 3 , the ratio of platinum to palladium is less than 1 and the load of zeolite materials is 75 g / L.

Dans une variante, la phase catalytique comprend une partie avec une phase active d'oxydation, une combinaison de platine et de palladium, des matériaux de type zéolithe telle que la charge en phase active d'oxydation dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 50 et 120 g/L, la charge en métaux précieux dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 10 et 50 g/ft3, le rapport entre le platine et le palladium est compris entre 1 et 2 et la charge en matériaux de type zéolithe est inférieure à 40 g/L.In a variant, the catalytic phase comprises a part with an active oxidation phase, a combination of platinum and palladium, zeolite type materials such that the active phase oxidation charge in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / L, the charge of precious metals in the catalytic phase is between 10 and 50 g / ft 3 , the ratio of platinum to palladium is between 1 and 2 and the load of zeolite materials is less than 40 g / L.

Dans une variante, le filtre est constitué de plusieurs filtres.In a variant, the filter consists of several filters.

La présente invention a également pour objet un moteur équipé d'une boucle de recirculation telle que définie précédemment.The present invention also relates to an engine equipped with a recirculation loop as defined above.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit des modes de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemple uniquement et en références aux dessins qui montrent figure 1, une vue schématique d'un moteur de véhicule.Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, given by way of example only and with reference to the drawings which show figure 1 , a schematic view of a vehicle engine.

Il est proposé une boucle de recirculation de gaz d'échappement comprenant une entrée de gaz d'échappement et une vanne de contrôle du débit des gaz d'échappement. La boucle comporte également un conduit de liaison entre l'entrée et la vanne. La boucle comprend en outre un filtre d'arrêt de particules avec une phase catalytique, le filtre étant dans le conduit de liaison.It is proposed an exhaust gas recirculation loop comprising an exhaust gas inlet and a valve for controlling the flow of exhaust gas. The loop also includes a connecting pipe between the inlet and the valve. The loop further comprises a particle stop filter with a catalytic phase, the filter being in the connecting conduit.

La boucle permet d'arrêter les particules susceptibles d'enflammer les particules déposées, de limiter les fronts de flammes et d'oxyder les hydrocarbures passant à travers le filtre. L'utilisation d'un filtre d'arrêt de particules évite l'inflammation des dépôts présents dans la boucle ou dans les lignes d'air (conduits, doseurs, répartiteurs, by-pass ...). Le phénomène d'encrassement est limité en assurant une conversion des hydrocarbures par la présence de la phase catalytique. Cela permet donc d'améliorer la durabilité du moteur sans impacter les prestations du moteur.The loop stops particles that can ignite the deposited particles, limit flame fronts and oxidize hydrocarbons passing through the filter. The use of a particulate filter prevents inflammation of the deposits present in the loop or in the air lines (ducts, metering devices, distributors, by-pass ...). The phenomenon of fouling is limited by ensuring a conversion of hydrocarbons by the presence of the catalytic phase. This therefore improves the durability of the engine without impacting the performance of the engine.

Une telle boucle 10 de recirculation peut être mise en oeuvre dans un moteur 12 de véhicule tel qu'illustré par la figure 1. Le moteur 12 peut être tout type de moteur. Le moteur 12 peut en particulier utiliser tout carburant comme l'essence, le Diesel, les biocarburants, le GNV ou le GPL. Le moteur 12 comprend une ou plusieurs chambres 16 de combustion situées entre un répartiteur 18 d'admission et un collecteur 20 d'échappement. Le répartiteur 18 d'admission reçoit de l'air à introduire dans la chambre 16 de combustion via une ligne d'air 14. Du carburant est également injecté dans la chambre 16 de combustion généralement par une buse d'injection qui n'est pas représentée sur la figure 1. Le collecteur 20 d'échappement reçoit les émissions de gaz produites par la combustion et les dirige vers une ligne d'échappement 21 qui comprend un catalyseur d'échappement non représenté. Le catalyseur traite les émissions produites par la combustion avant expulsion vers l'atmosphère extérieure. Dans le cas particulier du véhicule Diesel, la ligne d'échappement 21 peut être en outre équipée d'un filtre à particules (FAP) placé après le catalyseur. Un tel filtre à particules permet d'éliminer les fines particules contenues dans les gaz d'échappement des moteurs diesel.Such a recirculation loop 10 can be implemented in a vehicle engine 12 as illustrated by FIG. figure 1 . The engine 12 can be any type of engine. The engine 12 can in particular use any fuel such as gasoline, diesel, biofuels, CNG or LPG. The engine 12 includes one or more combustion chambers 16 located between an intake manifold 18 and an exhaust manifold. The inlet distributor 18 receives air to be introduced into the combustion chamber 16 via an air line 14. Fuel is also injected into the combustion chamber 16 generally via an injection nozzle which is not represented on the figure 1 . The exhaust manifold receives the gas emissions produced by the combustion and directs them to an exhaust line 21 which comprises an unillustrated exhaust catalyst. The The catalyst processes the emissions produced by the combustion before expulsion to the outside atmosphere. In the particular case of the diesel vehicle, the exhaust line 21 may be further equipped with a particulate filter (FAP) placed after the catalyst. Such a particle filter makes it possible to eliminate the fine particles contained in the exhaust gases of diesel engines.

La moteur 12 comporte une boucle 10 de recirculation des gaz d'échappement (ou « Exhaust gas recirculation » EGR en anglais). La boucle 10 permet de rediriger une partie des gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion interne vers l'admission. Les émissions de polluants sont réduites en présence de la boucle 10.The engine 12 comprises an exhaust gas recirculation loop 10 (or "Exhaust gas recirculation" EGR in English). The loop 10 redirects a portion of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engines to the intake. Pollutant emissions are reduced in the presence of loop 10.

La boucle 10 comprend une entrée 24 de gaz d'échappement. La boucle 10 comporte aussi une vanne 28 de contrôle du débit des gaz d'échappement. La vanne 28 permet de contrôler la quantité de gaz d'échappement re-circulés afin d'assurer une efficacité maximale de la recirculation pour la diminution de la pollution émise par le véhicule. La boucle 10 comprend en outre un conduit 22 de liaison entre l'entrée 24 et la vanne 28. Le conduit 22 permet d'amener les gaz d'échappement depuis le collecteur 20 à la vanne 28. La boucle 10 comporte en outre un filtre 26 d'arrêt de particules avec une phase catalytique. Le filtre 26 permet de stopper des particules d'origine métallique ou organique. Le filtre 26 sert aussi de pare-flammes. Le filtre 26 est dans le conduit 22 de liaison.The loop 10 comprises an inlet 24 of exhaust gas. The loop 10 also comprises a valve 28 for controlling the flow of the exhaust gas. The valve 28 controls the amount of exhaust gas re-circulated to ensure maximum efficiency of the recirculation for the reduction of pollution emitted by the vehicle. The loop 10 further comprises a conduit 22 connecting the inlet 24 and the valve 28. The conduit 22 allows to bring the exhaust gas from the manifold 20 to the valve 28. The loop 10 further comprises a filter 26 of arresting particles with a catalytic phase. The filter 26 makes it possible to stop particles of metallic or organic origin. Filter 26 also serves as flame arrestor. The filter 26 is in the conduit 22 of connection.

La boucle 10 permet de limiter l'encrassement des pièces placées en aval du filtre 26. Ainsi, selon l'exemple de la figure 1, la boucle 10 limite l'encrassement de la vanne 28. On évite de ce fait de positionner la vanne 28 dans un environnement chaud défavorable à la formation de dépôts. L'emploi de la boucle 10 permet ainsi le repositionnement de la vanne 28 dans une position dans laquelle l'environnement est plus froid, comme après l'échangeur 30 par exemple. La durée de vie de la vanne 28 est ainsi accrue. La boucle 10 limite aussi l'encrassement d'un échangeur 30 servant à refroidir les gaz d'échappement re-circulés. L'encrassement du répartiteur 18 placé aussi en aval du filtre 26 est aussi diminué. La boucle 10 réduit aussi les risques d'auto-inflammation des dépôts qui peuvent se former sur les pièces en aval de la boucle 10. Les risques d'endommagement et de fusion de pièces en aval tel le répartiteur 18 par exemple sont aussi diminués. La présence de la phase catalytique permet également de limiter la création de dépôts. La performance de la boucle 10 n'est en outre pas dégradée ce qui permet de mieux respecter la réglementation sur l'émission de pollution, notamment en ce qui concerne les oxydes d'azote (NOx). La boucle 10 permet ainsi d'accroître la durabilité du moteur 12 sans réduire les performances du moteur 12.The loop 10 makes it possible to limit the fouling of the parts placed downstream of the filter 26. Thus, according to the example of the figure 1 , Loop 10 limits fouling of the valve 28. This avoids positioning the valve 28 in a hot environment unfavorable to the formation of deposits. The use of the loop 10 thus allows the repositioning of the valve 28 in a position in which the environment is colder, as after the exchanger 30 for example. The life of the valve 28 is thus increased. The loop 10 also limits the fouling of an exchanger 30 for cooling the re-circulated exhaust gas. The fouling of the distributor 18 also placed downstream of the filter 26 is also reduced. The loop 10 also reduces the risk of self-ignition deposits that can form on the parts downstream of the loop 10. The risk of damage and melting downstream parts such as the distributor 18 for example are also reduced. The presence of the catalytic phase also limits the creation of repositories. The performance of the loop 10 is also not degraded thereby increase compliance on the emission pollution, particularly as regards nitrogen oxides (NO x). The loop 10 thus increases the durability of the engine 12 without reducing the performance of the engine 12.

Le filtre 26 peut notamment être un filtre 26 d'arrêt de particules incandescentes. Une particule incandescente est une particule véhiculant de l'énergie après avoir vu une haute température (par exemple une particule provenant du calaminage d'un piston de 1 mm de diamètre et à 550°C). Par extension, une particule qui est susceptible de provoquer l'inflammation d'un dépôt d'une paroi est considérée comme une particule incandescente. La présence d'un filtre 26 d'arrêt de particules incandescentes permet de limiter encore mieux les risques d'inflammation des dépôts sur les parois de la boucle 10 de gaz d'échappement re-circulés.The filter 26 may in particular be a filter 26 for stopping incandescent particles. An incandescent particle is a particle carrying energy after having seen a high temperature (for example a particle originating from the scaling of a piston 1 mm in diameter and at 550 ° C). By extension, a particle which is likely to cause the ignition of a deposit of a wall is considered as an incandescent particle. The presence of a filter 26 for stopping incandescent particles makes it possible to further limit the risks of ignition of the deposits on the walls of the re-circulated exhaust gas loop.

Le filtre 26 peut être une structure métallique. La structure métallique peut en particulier être un treillis métallique ou une mousse métallique. L'utilisation d'une structure métallique permet d'éviter la pollution des pièces placées en aval sur la boucle 10. Les risques de grippage de la vanne 28 sont notamment particulièrement réduits. La perméabilité de la boucle 10 est ainsi optimisée. En outre, une structure métallique résiste bien aux contraintes thermiques imposées.The filter 26 may be a metal structure. The metal structure may in particular be a wire mesh or a metal foam. The use of a metal structure avoids the pollution of parts placed downstream of the loop 10. The risk of galling of the valve 28 are particularly particularly reduced. The permeability of the loop 10 is thus optimized. In addition, a metal structure is resistant to thermal constraints imposed.

La structure métallique peut comporter entre 100 et 600 cellules par pouce carré. Un tel choix permet d'éviter la formation d'une contrepression et tient compte des températures au niveau du filtre 26. De préférence, la structure comprend entre 250 et 600 cellules par pouce carré ce qui entraîne une augmentation de l'efficacité catalytique du filtre 26.The metal structure can have between 100 and 600 cells per square inch. Such a choice makes it possible to avoid the formation of a backpressure and takes into account the temperatures at the level of the filter 26. Preferably, the structure comprises between 250 and 600 cells per square inch, which leads to an increase in the catalytic efficiency of the filter. 26.

Le filtre 26 comporte une section de maillage comprise entre 0,5 mm2 et 4 mm2. De telles valeurs permettent de ne pas laisser passer les particules incandescentes. Le filtre 26 permet ainsi une efficacité de filtration des particules incandescentes qui peut être supérieure à 85%. De plus, la différence de pression générée est faible du fait que le filtre 26 permet une diffusion radiale du flux de gaz d'échappement re-circulés passant au travers. De préférence, afin de limiter le risque de colmatage créé par les températures de l'environnement et le débit des gaz passant au niveau du collecteur 20, la section de maillage est comprise entre 0,5 mm2 et 2,5 mm2.The filter 26 has a mesh section of between 0.5 mm 2 and 4 mm 2 . Such values make it possible not to let the incandescent particles pass. The filter 26 thus allows a filtration efficiency of the incandescent particles which may be greater than 85%. In addition, the pressure difference generated is low because the filter 26 allows radial diffusion of the flow of re-circulated exhaust gas passing therethrough. Preferably, in order to limit the risk of clogging created by environmental temperatures and the flow of gases passing at the collector 20, the mesh section is between 0.5 mm 2 and 2.5 mm 2 .

La phase catalytique peut comprendre un catalyseur d'oxydation d'hydrocarbures. L'emploi d'un tel catalyseur permet d'empêcher la formation des dépôts, notamment dans le répartiteur 18 ou la vanne 28.The catalytic phase may comprise a hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst. The use of such a catalyst makes it possible to prevent the formation of deposits, in particular in the distributor 18 or the valve 28.

La phase catalytique du filtre 26 peut également comprendre une phase active d'oxydation aussi appelée « coating » ou « wash-coat » en anglais. La phase active d'oxydation permet de favoriser l'oxydation des hydrocarbures. Cela évite l'encrassement de la boucle 10. Les éléments de la phase active d'oxydation peuvent être des oxydes de métaux de transition ou des oxydes de terres rares. A titre d'exemple, l'alumine (Al2O3), la silice (SiO2), l'oxyde de titane (TiO2), la cérine (CeO2), la zircone (ZrO2) ou l'oxyde de lanthane (La2O3) peuvent être utilisés. Tout autre oxyde qui présente des propriétés en catalyse d'oxydation est aussi susceptible d'être employé dans la composition de la phase active d'oxydation. De plus, les oxydes peuvent être mis en oeuvre en combinaison comme par exemple une combinaison de silice avec de l'alumine SiO2/Al2O3 ou un mélange de cérine (CeO2) et de zircone (ZrO2).The catalytic phase of the filter 26 may also comprise an active oxidation phase also called "coating" or "wash-coat" in English. The active oxidation phase promotes the oxidation of hydrocarbons. This prevents clogging of the loop 10. The elements of the active oxidation phase may be transition metal oxides or rare earth oxides. By way of example, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), silica (SiO 2 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), ceria (CeO 2 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ) or oxide lanthanum (La 2 O 3 ) can be used. Any other oxide which exhibits properties in oxidation catalysis is also likely to be employed in the composition of the active oxidation phase. In addition, the oxides can be used in combination, for example a combination of silica with alumina SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 or a mixture of cerine (CeO 2 ) and zirconia (ZrO 2 ).

La charge en phase active d'oxydation dans la phase catalytique peut être comprise entre 50 et 200 g/L. Cela correspond à un compromis entre l'efficacité d'oxydation des hydrocarbures désirée et la contrepression générée par la phase catalytique par réduction du diamètre hydraulique.The active phase oxidation charge in the catalytic phase may be between 50 and 200 g / l. This corresponds to a compromise between the desired hydrocarbon oxidation efficiency and the counterpressure generated by the catalytic phase by reducing the hydraulic diameter.

De préférence, la charge en phase active d'oxydation dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 50 et 120 g/L. Cela permet d'obtenir un compromis entre l'oxydation des hydrocarbures et la contrepression engendrée encore meilleur.Preferably, the charge in the active phase of oxidation in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / l. This makes it possible to obtain a compromise between the oxidation of the hydrocarbons and the counterpressure generated even better.

La phase catalytique peut comporter au moins un métal précieux. La présence de métaux précieux permet d'augmenter l'efficacité en oxydation de la phase catalytique. L'encrassement de la boucle 10 de recirculation de gaz d'échappement est ainsi diminué.The catalytic phase may comprise at least one precious metal. The presence of precious metals makes it possible to increase the oxidation efficiency of the catalytic phase. The fouling of the exhaust gas recirculation loop 10 is thus reduced.

La charge en métal précieux dans la phase catalytique peut varier de 1 à 200 g/ft3. Cela permet d'obtenir une bonne efficacité d'oxydation des hydrocarbures compte tenu de la température du tube 22.The precious metal charge in the catalytic phase can vary from 1 to 200 g / ft 3 . This makes it possible to obtain a good efficiency of oxidation of the hydrocarbons taking into account the temperature of the tube 22.

De préférence, la charge en métal précieux dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 5 et 50 g/ft3. Cela permet d'améliorer encore plus l'efficacité d'oxydation des hydrocarbures.Preferably, the precious metal charge in the catalytic phase is between 5 and 50 g / ft 3 . This makes it possible to further improve the oxidation efficiency of the hydrocarbons.

A titre d'illustration, le métal précieux peut être un élément choisi dans un groupe comprenant le platine, le palladium ou une combinaison des deux. L'adjonction de tels métaux précieux permet d'augmenter l'efficacité d'oxydation du filtre 26. La combinaison du platine et du palladium est particulièrement avantageuse parce qu'un tel mélange assure qu'un métal précieux est actif pour toutes les gammes de température. Le platine est en effet actif à basse température mais peu résistant à haute température. Le palladium est moins actif à basse température mais plus résistant à la haute température.By way of illustration, the precious metal may be a member selected from a group consisting of platinum, palladium or a combination of both. The addition of such precious metals increases the oxidation efficiency of the filter 26. The combination of platinum and palladium is particularly advantageous because such a mixture ensures that a precious metal is active for all ranges of temperature. Platinum is indeed active at low temperature but not very resistant to high temperature. Palladium is less active at low temperatures but more resistant to high temperature.

Dans le cas où la phase catalytique comprend une combinaison de platine et de palladium, un rapport entre le platine et le palladium inférieur à 2 améliore encore l'efficacité en oxydation des hydrocarbures. Un tel compromis résulte du fait que le filtre 26 est implanté dans un espace relativement chaud.In the case where the catalytic phase comprises a combination of platinum and palladium, a ratio of platinum to palladium of less than 2 further improves the oxidation efficiency of the hydrocarbons. Such a compromise results from the fact that the filter 26 is implanted in a relatively hot space.

La phase catalytique peut comprendre en outre un matériau de type zéolithe. Les matériaux de type zéolithe appartiennent à la famille des aluminosilicates et sont aussi appelés « HC traps ». De tels matériaux ont effectivement des propriétés de piégeage des hydrocarbures à froid. La présence de matériau de type zéolithe dans la phase catalytique permet d'améliorer l'efficacité du filtre 26 pour des températures froides.The catalytic phase may further comprise a zeolite type material. The zeolite type materials belong to the family of aluminosilicates and are also called "HC traps". Such materials do indeed have cold hydrocarbon trapping properties. The presence of zeolite type material in the catalytic phase makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the filter 26 for cold temperatures.

La charge en matériau de type zéolithe dans la phase catalytique est inférieure à 75 g/L. Cela permet d'obtenir une bonne efficacité d'oxydation des hydrocarbures à basse température.The load of zeolite type material in the catalytic phase is less than 75 g / l. This makes it possible to obtain good oxidation efficiency of the hydrocarbons at low temperature.

La phase catalytique peut comprendre plusieurs parties. Cela permet d'améliorer encore plus l'efficacité du filtre 26.The catalytic phase may comprise several parts. This makes it possible to further improve the efficiency of the filter 26.

Une partie peut comprendre une phase active d'oxydation, une combinaison de platine et de palladium et des matériaux de type zéolithe. La charge en phase active d'oxydation dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 50 et 120 g/L. La charge en métaux précieux dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 5 et 25 g/ft3. Le rapport entre le platine et le palladium est inférieur à 1 et la charge en matériaux de type zéolithe est de 75 g/L. Une telle partie est particulièrement efficace pour l'oxydation des hydrocarbures qui arrivent directement du collecteur 20. Il est ainsi avantageux de placer cette première partie en amont dans le filtre 26 dans le sens d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement re-circulés, du collecteur 20 vers le répartiteur 18.A part may comprise an active oxidation phase, a combination of platinum and palladium and zeolite type materials. The active phase oxidation charge in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / l. The precious metal charge in the catalytic phase is between 5 and 25 g / ft 3 . The ratio of platinum to palladium is less than 1 and the load of zeolite materials is 75 g / L. Such a part is particularly effective for the oxidation of hydrocarbons coming directly from the manifold 20. It is thus advantageous to place this first part upstream in the filter 26 in the direction of flow of the re-circulated exhaust gas, manifold 20 to the distributor 18.

Une autre partie peut comprendre une phase active d'oxydation, une combinaison de platine et de palladium et des matériaux de type zéolithe. La charge en phase active d'oxydation dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 50 et 120 g/L. La charge en métaux précieux dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 10 et 50 g/ft3. Le rapport entre le platine et le palladium est compris entre 1 et 2 et la charge en matériaux de type zéolithe est inférieure à 40 g/L. Une telle partie est particulièrement efficace pour l'oxydation des hydrocarbures qui ont traversé la majeure partie du filtre 26. Il est ainsi avantageux de placer cette seconde partie en aval dans le filtre 26 dans le sens d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement re-circulés, du collecteur 20 vers le répartiteur 18.Another part may comprise an active oxidation phase, a combination of platinum and palladium and zeolite type materials. The active phase oxidation charge in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / l. The precious metal charge in the catalytic phase is between 10 and 50 g / ft 3 . The ratio of platinum to palladium is between 1 and 2 and the filler material zeolite is less than 40 g / L. Such a part is particularly effective for the oxidation of the hydrocarbons which have passed through most of the filter 26. It is thus advantageous to place this second part downstream in the filter 26 in the direction of flow of the exhaust gases. circulated, from the manifold 20 to the distributor 18.

L'implantation du filtre 26 se fait au niveau du conduit 22 de liaison. Une telle implantation présente l'avantage d'être aisée à mettre en oeuvre. Notamment, le volume du filtre 26 peut être relativement grand. Au niveau du conduit 22, les températures moyennes entrantes sont de 330°C et vont d'un minimum de 190°C à 770°C. La température maximale de la paroi est de 500°C. La température maximale de gaz est de 560°C en fonctionnement de la boucle 10 de recirculation de gaz d'échappement. La température des gaz s'élève à 810°C lorsque la vanne 28 est fermée. Le débit minimum de gaz est de 4 g/s et le débit maximum de 33 g/s, le débit moyen étant de 9 g/s. En outre, la température d'exotherme radiale maximale est de 30°C et la température d'exotherme longitudinale maximale de 20°C par 1000 ppm d'hydrocarbure passant dans le filtre 26.The implantation of the filter 26 is at the level of the connecting conduit 22. Such an implementation has the advantage of being easy to implement. In particular, the volume of the filter 26 may be relatively large. At conduit 22, the average incoming temperatures are 330 ° C and range from a minimum of 190 ° C to 770 ° C. The maximum temperature of the wall is 500 ° C. The maximum gas temperature is 560 ° C during operation of the exhaust gas recirculation loop. The temperature of the gases is 810 ° C when the valve 28 is closed. The minimum gas flow rate is 4 g / s and the maximum flow rate is 33 g / s, the average flow rate being 9 g / s. In addition, the maximum radial exotherm temperature is 30 ° C and the maximum longitudinal exotherm temperature of 20 ° C per 1000 ppm of hydrocarbon passing through the filter 26.

Pour intégrer le filtre 26 au niveau du conduit 22 de liaison, il n'y a pas de contraintes géométriques. Le filtre 26 peut être cylindrique, à ouverture ovale ou non, voire parallélépipédique. Le volume du filtre 26 peut être de 100 cm3 environ.To integrate the filter 26 at the connecting conduit 22, there are no geometrical constraints. The filter 26 may be cylindrical, with an oval opening or not, or even parallelepipedal. The volume of the filter 26 may be about 100 cm 3 .

Claims (14)

Une boucle (10) de recirculation de gaz d'échappement comprenant une entrée (24) de gaz d'échappement, une vanne (28) de contrôle du débit des gaz d'échappement, un conduit (22) de liaison entre l'entrée et la vanne de contrôle, un filtre (26) d'arrêt de particules avec une phase catalytique, caractérisé en ce que le filtre (26) est localisé dans le conduit (22) de liaison.An exhaust gas recirculation loop (10) comprising an exhaust gas inlet (24), an exhaust gas flow control valve (28), a connection duct (22) between the inlet and the control valve, a filter (26) for stopping particles with a catalytic phase, characterized in that the filter (26) is located in the connecting duct (22). La boucle (10) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le filtre (26) est un filtre (26) d'arrêt de particules incandescentes.The loop (10) of claim 1, wherein the filter (26) is a filter (26) for stopping incandescent particles. La boucle (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la phase catalytique comprend un catalyseur d'oxydation des hydrocarbures.The loop (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the catalytic phase comprises a hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst. La boucle (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle le filtre (26) est une structure métallique avec une section de maillage comprise entre 0,5 mm2 et 4 mm2, de préférence entre 0,5 mm2 et 2,5 mm2.The loop (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the filter (26) is a metal structure with a mesh size of between 0.5 mm 2 and 4 mm 2 , preferably between 0.5 mm 2 and 2.5 mm 2 . La boucle (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle la phase catalytique comprend une phase active d'oxydation, la phase active d'oxydation comprenant un ou plusieurs éléments choisis parmi un groupe comprenant les oxydes de métaux de transition, les oxydes de terres rares et les combinaisons d'oxydes de métaux de transition et d'oxydes de terres rares.The loop (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the catalytic phase comprises an active oxidation phase, the active oxidation phase comprising one or more elements selected from a group comprising transition metal oxides , rare earth oxides and combinations of transition metal oxides and rare earth oxides. La boucle (10) selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle la charge en phase active d'oxydation dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 50 et 120 g/L.The loop (10) according to claim 5, wherein the active phase oxidation charge in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / L. La boucle (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle la phase catalytique comprend en outre au moins un métal précieux, la charge en métal précieux étant comprise entre 5 et 50 g/ft3.The loop (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the catalytic phase further comprises at least one precious metal, the charge of precious metal being between 5 and 50 g / ft 3 . La boucle (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle la phase catalytique comprend en outre au moins un métal précieux, le métal précieux étant un élément choisi dans un groupe comprenant le platine, le palladium ou une combinaison des deux.The loop (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the catalytic phase further comprises at least one precious metal, the precious metal being a member selected from a group comprising platinum, palladium or a combination of both . La boucle (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle la phase catalytique comprend une combinaison de platine et de palladium, le rapport entre le platine et le palladium étant inférieur à 2.The loop (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the catalytic phase comprises a combination of platinum and palladium, the ratio of platinum to palladium being less than 2. La boucle (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle la phase catalytique comprend en outre un matériau de type zéolithe, la charge en matériau de type zéolithe dans la phase catalytique étant inférieure à 75 g/L.The loop (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the catalytic phase further comprises a zeolite material, the filler of zeolite material in the catalytic phase being less than 75 g / L. La boucle (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, dans laquelle la phase catalytique comprend une partie avec une phase active d'oxydation, une combinaison de platine et de palladium, des matériaux de type zéolithe telle que la charge en phase active d'oxydation dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 50 et 120 g/L, la charge en métaux précieux dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 5 et 25 g/ft3, le rapport entre le platine et le palladium est inférieur à 1 et la charge en matériaux de type zéolithe est de 75 g/L.The loop (10) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the catalytic phase comprises a part with an active phase of oxidation, a combination of platinum and palladium, zeolite type materials such as the charge in phase oxidation activity in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / L, the precious metal charge in the catalytic phase is between 5 and 25 g / ft 3 , the ratio of platinum to palladium is less than 1 and the load of zeolite materials is 75 g / L. La boucle (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, dans laquelle la phase catalytique comprend une partie avec une phase active d'oxydation, une combinaison de platine et de palladium, des matériaux de type zéolithe telle que la charge en phase active d'oxydation dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 50 et 120 g/L, la charge en métaux précieux dans la phase catalytique est comprise entre 10 et 50 g/ft3, le rapport entre le platine et le palladium est compris entre 1 et 2 et la charge en matériaux de type zéolithe est inférieure à 40 g/L.The loop (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the catalytic phase comprises a part with an active phase of oxidation, a combination of platinum and palladium, zeolite type materials such as the charge in phase oxidation activity in the catalytic phase is between 50 and 120 g / L, the precious metal charge in the catalytic phase is between 10 and 50 g / ft 3 , the ratio of platinum to palladium is between 1 and and 2 and the load of zeolite material is less than 40 g / L. La boucle (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, dans laquelle le filtre (26) est constitué de plusieurs filtres.The loop (10) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the filter (26) consists of several filters. Moteur (12) comprenant la boucle (10) de recirculation de gaz d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13Motor (12) comprising the exhaust gas recirculation loop (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 13
EP09166188A 2008-08-29 2009-07-23 Exhaust gas recirculation circuit Withdrawn EP2159404A1 (en)

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FR2954957A1 (en) * 2010-01-04 2011-07-08 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Engine e.g. diesel engine, for vehicle, has connection conduit connecting gas inlet and valve, and air supply line comprising supercharged air cooler for cooling part of gas circulating in exhaust gas re-circulation loop by coolant
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FR2935433A1 (en) 2010-03-05

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