EP2130210B1 - Thermal fuse - Google Patents

Thermal fuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2130210B1
EP2130210B1 EP08708592.4A EP08708592A EP2130210B1 EP 2130210 B1 EP2130210 B1 EP 2130210B1 EP 08708592 A EP08708592 A EP 08708592A EP 2130210 B1 EP2130210 B1 EP 2130210B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fusible element
connection points
contact
thermal fuse
connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08708592.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2130210A1 (en
Inventor
Norbert Knab
Georg Schulze-Icking-Konert
Thomas Mohr
Stefan Kotthaus
Nikolas Haberl
Stefan Stampfer
Michael Mueller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2130210A1 publication Critical patent/EP2130210A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2130210B1 publication Critical patent/EP2130210B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/0286—Programmable, customizable or modifiable circuits
    • H05K1/0293—Individual printed conductors which are adapted for modification, e.g. fusable or breakable conductors, printed switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H01H2037/762—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit using a spring for opening the circuit when the fusible element melts
    • H01H2037/763—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit using a spring for opening the circuit when the fusible element melts the spring being a blade spring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
    • H05K2201/10007—Types of components
    • H05K2201/10181—Fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
    • H05K3/20—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by affixing prefabricated conductor pattern
    • H05K3/202—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by affixing prefabricated conductor pattern using self-supporting metal foil pattern
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49107—Fuse making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a thermal fuse for interrupting a current flow in modules, in particular for use in the automotive sector.
  • thermal fuse In order to protect electrical modules against overheating, irreversible thermal fuses are required, which interrupt (trigger) a current-carrying conductor if the ambient temperature is too high.
  • the thermal fuses are designed so that the triggering temperature is not reached due to a high current flow, so that it is ensured that they can not be triggered by a high current, but only by an excessively high ambient temperature.
  • a thermal fuse serves to provide an independent shutdown path for electrical modules which are at impermissibly high temperatures in the module, e.g. due to component failures, short circuits, e.g. due to external influences, malfunctions of insulation materials and the like, the current flow safely interrupts.
  • thermal fuses are usually based on the concept of a fixed spring, such as a spring. a soldered leaf spring, which opens a contact by a spring force when triggered. In this case, even in the unreleased case, a mechanical force is permanently exerted on the joint, which leads to quality problems, especially in long periods of use, such as. long operating times in the automotive sector. In particular, a disruption of the solder joint may occur after some time.
  • the document DE 1588425 shows a thermal fuse according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • thermal fuse which, in the case of impermissibly high ambient temperatures, For example, in the case of failures of components, short-circuiting or due to external influences, malfunction of insulation materials, reliably interrupting a current flow.
  • the thermal fuse should be triggered depending on the ambient temperature and not by the current flow through the thermal fuse substantially, so that disturbances that only lead to currents smaller than the maximum permissible currents can be reliably detected.
  • the thermal fuse according to the invention should have a high reliability, especially during a long service life.
  • a thermal fuse in a line structure, in particular in a stamped grid or a printed circuit board, with a plurality of line regions.
  • the line areas of the thermal fuse have respective connection points.
  • a fusible element is provided, which is electrically and mechanically connected to the connection points of the line structure, wherein the material of the fusible element has a melting temperature to melt at an ambient temperature higher than the melting temperature, so that collects material of the fusible element at the connection points and by the fuse formed electrical connection separates.
  • the above thermal fuse can be applied in a simple manner by electrically contacting a fusible element between connection points of a stamped grid.
  • connection points may have a distance from each other, in which the molten material of the melting element is electrically isolated from each other at the connection points.
  • the fusible element is soldered, welded, clamped or glued at the connection points.
  • the melting element may be coated with a flux and / or have a flux in a cavity in the interior of the melting element.
  • a flux enclosed within the fuser has the advantage of reducing the aging of the flux.
  • connection points can be arranged on corresponding contact webs of the line structure, wherein the contact webs have a spring element and / or wherein at least one of the contact webs with respect to a direction defined by the connection points has a curvature or bend.
  • the line structure has one or more stub line sections which do not contribute to current conduction and / or have one or more transverse sections which extend transversely to a connection direction defined by the connection locations and are connected to a stub line section or a line section,
  • the melting element can be cuboid or have a U-shaped or S-shaped section in order to increase the elasticity of the melting element, so that a tensile or compressive force can be absorbed. In addition, this can reduce the local deformation in order to reduce material fatigue due to repeated deformations.
  • the melting element is formed from a deformable material, wherein the deformation force for deforming the fusible element is less than a minimum force, which leads to a degradation of the fusible element and / or the connection between the connection point and the melting element.
  • connection points may be provided in contact elements, each having a conductive contact sleeve and a connection line connected thereto. Ends of the fusible element are inserted into the contact sleeves and there electrically connected to the contact sleeve by means of a contact material.
  • a thermal fuse in a line structure.
  • the thermal fuse comprises a contact element having a conductive contact sleeve and a connecting line connected thereto, and a melting element, in which a flux is embedded, wherein one end of the fusible element is inserted into the contact sleeve and is electrically connected there by means of a contact material with the contact sleeve ,
  • the flux may be provided as a flux center in the material of the fusible element or as an intermediate layer between two layers of the material of the fusible element.
  • the contact material may be a solder material having a melting temperature equal to the material of the melting element or a lower melting temperature than the material of the melting element.
  • a method for producing a thermal fuse comprises melting a contact material in a contact sleeve of a contact element by a heat source, removing the heat source, and, simultaneously with or after removal of the heat source, inserting a fusible element into the contact sleeve, wherein the fusible element is partially fused is and connects to the contact sleeve on the contact material.
  • Fig. 1a shows a plan view of a section of a stamped grid 1 with a line structure with line elements for conducting an electric current.
  • Such punched grids 1 are used in the automotive sector for the production of connecting elements in which individual electrical components are to be applied between the line elements of the stamped grid 1.
  • the line structure of the stamped grid 1 is surrounded by a sheath 5 made of a plastic material which fixes the individual line elements and protects against corrosion.
  • a recess 7 in the casing 5 two contact webs 2 as parts of the line structure are not covered by the casing 5, ie in the region of the two contact webs 2, the line structure is exposed.
  • Fig. 1b is the punched grid 1 of Fig. 1a shown along the section line AA.
  • the exposed contact webs 2 become, as in Fig. 1b is represented by corresponding connecting points 9 by a conductive fusible element 3 electrically connected together so as to form a thermal fuse in the lead frame 1.
  • the fusible element 3 is in the embodiment shown cuboid or bar-shaped from a readily melting, highly electrically conductive metal or a metal alloy or made of a material that conducts electricity well and a low melting point of less than 300 ° C, below 250 ° C. or preferably below 200 ° C.
  • the material of the fusible element 3 is selected in terms of its melting point and its conductivity so that on the one hand in normal operation, a melting of the fusible element 3 at a low ambient temperature can be safely ruled out by a high current flow, and on the other hand this melts safely at a high ambient temperature above a threshold temperature ,
  • the material of the fusible element 3 is further selected so that it has a surface tension in the molten state, which after melting in the in Fig. 1b shown embodiment causes a contraction of the material of the fusible element 3 on the connection points 9, which leads to a separation of the current path through the fuse element 3.
  • Fig. 1c shows the material of the fusible element 3, which has collected drop-shaped due to its surface tension at the connection points 9 of the contact webs 2.
  • the distance between the ends of the mutually facing contact webs 2 is chosen so that drops 4 of the molten material of the fusible element 3 can not come into contact with each other in the case of triggering.
  • the material of the melting element 3 When choosing the material of the melting element 3 is on a good processability, reliability in normal operation and a safe triggering in case of failure even after a long time Operating time. Possible materials include solders or other easily melting (melting at low temperatures between 100 ° C and 300 ° C) materials.
  • the fusible element 3 be provided with a flux 8 that within the fusible element 3 Fig. 2a ) or as a layer outside the fusible element 3 (see Fig. 2b ) is provided by immersion, for example.
  • a flux 8 that within the fusible element 3 Fig. 2a
  • a layer outside the fusible element 3 see Fig. 2b
  • immersion for example.
  • Fig. 2a For example, by including the flux in a cavity in the fusible element 3, aging of the flux can be reduced. Also, a recording of the flux between two layers of the material of the fusible element 3 is alternatively possible.
  • an aging-resistant material e.g. SnAgCu solder
  • a flux for improving the surface tension is also required for this material.
  • the fusible element 3 depending on the wettability of the contact webs 2 or the connection points 9 together to form two ball-like structures or wets the contact web 2 in layers.
  • its surfaces may be partially or wholly coated, e.g. with gold or copper.
  • Possible joining techniques are, for example, soldering with a solder whose melting temperature is lower than that of the melting element.
  • the soldering can eg by means of a laser or other known soldering be performed, whereby the direct soldering of the fusible element is possible by local melting, so that the application of a solder material, for example in the form of a solder paste, may be dispensed with.
  • the local melting can be carried out, for example, by passing current pulses, by laser heating, induction, heat conduction, hot air or heat radiation.
  • Another way to connect the fuse element 3 with the contact webs 2 is to perform this by gluing with a conductive adhesive. This is particularly advantageous if the melting element 3 is provided with an adhesive layer and / or oxidation layer, which makes soldering more difficult.
  • a bonding process may be performed by connecting a bonding wire between the fuse element 3 and the corresponding contact land 2 to electrically connect the fuse element 3 to the contact lands 2 of the lead frame 1 in a reliable manner.
  • the fusible element 3 may also be clamped by mechanical clamping, e.g. by crimping or by insulation displacement terminals, are connected to the line areas 2 of the lead frame 1.
  • the lead frame 1 in addition to the line structures of the lead frame 1 relief structures, which ensure better fixation in the casing 5.
  • the relief structures of the stamped grid 1 mesh with each other and / or completely or partially enclose the area to be relieved of mechanical stresses, so that mechanical stresses are released from the relief structures to the housing 5.
  • mechanical stresses emanating from the sheath can also be absorbed by the relief structures.
  • the interlocking of the relief structures is realized by the provision of stub lines 6 connected to the tracks, which are sections embedded in the sheath 5, which are transverse to a direction of connection of the fuse element 3, ie transverse to the direction of current conduction between the two connection points 9 of FIG Fused element 3 are arranged.
  • the direction of connection of the fusible element 3 is defined by the direction of the connection points 9 at which the fusible element 3 is connected to the contact webs 2.
  • One or both of the traces leading to the respective contact lands 2 further include a conductor arm portion which is laterally guided past the contact lands 2 and the fusible member 3 and provided with the corresponding stub portion 6 extending transversely from the conduit arm portion to the other conductor lane protrudes, without contacting them.
  • the fusible element 3 and the associated contact webs 2 at least partially enclosed by the conduit arm portion and the stub portion 6, so that mechanical stresses can be accommodated in the plastic sheath in which both the conduit arm portion and the stub portion 6 are embedded.
  • Fig. 3b a further embodiment is shown, wherein the conductor tracks, which are connected to the corresponding contacts of the fusible element 3, each have transverse sections 10 which interlock with respect to the direction of connection of the fusible element 3, ie, alternately emanating from one of the interconnects and another of the interconnects.
  • Two adjacent transverse sections 10 form the contact webs 2 for connecting the fusible element 3.
  • the transverse sections 10 may be selected such that the direction of the current flow in the fusible element 3 is opposite to the direction of the current flow in the adjacent line elements 2.
  • FIG Fig. 4 Another way to avoid a force acting on the fusible element 3 and 9 with the contact webs 2, in particular to avoid a tensile force or compression, consists in the conductor tracks of the stamped grid 1 with an additional spring element or a corresponding shape, as shown in FIG Fig. 4 is shown to be suitable to absorb a force acting in the direction of the fuse element 3 force. It can be provided, for example, that one or more of the contact webs 2 have a bend or a bend in order to create an increased elasticity in the pulling direction and compression direction. As a result, the corresponding contact webs 2 can easily bend when exposed to a force due to their increased elasticity, without interrupting the electrical connection and thereby reduce the burden of the fuse element 3 or its contact.
  • a ductile material which is based on a tensile load (see Fig. 5b ) or a compression load (see Fig. 5c ) is deformed accordingly, and thereby reduces the load on the connection points 9 between the fusible element 3 and the contact webs 2.
  • the fusible element 3 is provided bar-shaped, it is according to further embodiments, which in the Figures 6a and 6b are shown possible to provide the fusible element 3 also U-shaped or S-shaped between the connection points 9 of the contact webs 2, so that a mechanical load in both the horizontal and in the vertical direction ductile (easily deformable) can be absorbed by the fusible element 3, without a particularly ductile material as in the embodiment of Fig. 4 to have to provide.
  • a force in the direction of connection of the melting element 3 does not act directly on the connection points 9, as a result of which their reliability and long-term stability are considerably increased.
  • the deformation of the fusible element 3 is distributed with relative movement between the connection points 9, so that a material fatigue is reduced.
  • Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment in which instead of a stamped grid as a line structure, two contact elements 20 are provided.
  • the two contact elements 20 are each formed with a contact sleeve 21 open on one side, which are provided with a connecting wire 22 as a connecting line for contacting the thermal fuse.
  • the contact elements 20 are conductive and preferably made of a metallic material.
  • the fusible element 23 may comprise one of the aforementioned fused-material materials.
  • the fusible element 23 is formed of a brazing material in which a core of flux 24 is encircled extending between the ends of the fusible element 23.
  • the flux may also be disposed as an intermediate layer between two layers of the material of the fusible element 23 extending between the ends of the fusible element.
  • the fusible element 23 may preferably have a round cross-section and be inserted into likewise cylindrical contact sleeves 21.
  • connection between the contact sleeves 21 and the corresponding ends of the fusible element 23 can be effected by a contacting solder 25, which melts at a lower temperature than the melting temperature of the material of the fusible element.
  • the installation of such a thermal fuse can therefore be carried out by a solder paste is introduced from the Kunststofftechnikslot 25 in the contact sleeve 21 and then the corresponding end of the fuse element 23 is pushed into the sleeve, so that the solder paste between the closed end of the contact sleeve 21 and Includes the end of the fusible element 23.
  • a temperature step heat
  • the solder paste is then melted, but the temperature is chosen so that it does not melt the material of the fuse element 23.
  • the contact sleeves 21 may also have rectangular or other cross sections which are suitable for receiving correspondingly shaped fusible elements 23.
  • thermal fuse is formed, which can be installed in electronic circuits due to the connecting wires 22 and the contact sleeves 21 as a conventional electrical or electronic component.
  • the same material as that of the fuse can be used as the material for the solder paste 25.
  • the assembly is carried out by first the solder paste is introduced into the corresponding contact sleeves 21 and this is heated until the material of the solder paste melts. Subsequently, the corresponding ends of the fuse element 23 are pushed into the sleeve until they come into contact with the solder paste and at the same time or shortly before the heat source for melting the solder paste 25 is removed, so that the melting element 23 is melted briefly due to the residual heat at its ends is then and due to the rapid drop in temperature of the molten solder paste 25 is firmly connected to the contact sleeve 21 via the solidifying solder paste 25. In this way it is possible to produce such a fusible element 23 only by using a single soldering material.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Thermosicherung zum Unterbrechen eines Stromflusses in Modulen, insbesondere für den Einsatz im Automotiv-Bereich.The invention relates to a thermal fuse for interrupting a current flow in modules, in particular for use in the automotive sector.

Um elektrische Module gegen Überhitzung zu schützen, werden irreversible Thermosicherungen benötigt, die bei einer zu hohen Umgebungstemperatur einen Strom führenden Leiter unterbrechen (auslösen). Die Thermosicherungen sind dabei so ausgelegt, dass die Auslösetemperatur nicht aufgrund eines hohen Stromflusses erreicht wird, so dass gewährleistet ist, dass diese nicht durch einen hohen Strom, sondern ausschließlich durch eine zu hohe Umgebungstemperatur ausgelöst werden können. Eine Thermosicherung dient also dazu, einen unabhängigen Abschaltpfad für elektrische Module zur Verfügung zu stellen, die bei unzulässig hohen Temperaturen in dem Modul, z.B. aufgrund von Ausfällen von Bauelementen, Kurzschlüssen, z.B. durch Fremdeinwirkung, Fehlfunktionen von Isolationswerkstoffen und dgl. den Stromfluss sicher unterbricht.In order to protect electrical modules against overheating, irreversible thermal fuses are required, which interrupt (trigger) a current-carrying conductor if the ambient temperature is too high. The thermal fuses are designed so that the triggering temperature is not reached due to a high current flow, so that it is ensured that they can not be triggered by a high current, but only by an excessively high ambient temperature. Thus, a thermal fuse serves to provide an independent shutdown path for electrical modules which are at impermissibly high temperatures in the module, e.g. due to component failures, short circuits, e.g. due to external influences, malfunctions of insulation materials and the like, the current flow safely interrupts.

Herkömmliche Thermosicherungen basieren zumeist auf dem Konzept einer fixierten Feder, wie z.B. einer angelöteten Blattfeder, die im Auslösefall einen Kontakt durch eine Federkraft öffnet. Dabei wird auch im nicht ausgelösten Fall permanent eine mechanische Kraft auf die Verbindungsstelle ausgeübt, was zu Qualitätsproblemen speziell bei langen Einsatzzeiten, wie z.B. den langen Betriebszeiten im Automotiv-Bereich, führen kann. Insbesondere kann nach einiger Zeit eine Zerrüttung der Lötstelle auftreten.Conventional thermal fuses are usually based on the concept of a fixed spring, such as a spring. a soldered leaf spring, which opens a contact by a spring force when triggered. In this case, even in the unreleased case, a mechanical force is permanently exerted on the joint, which leads to quality problems, especially in long periods of use, such as. long operating times in the automotive sector. In particular, a disruption of the solder joint may occur after some time.

Das Dokument DE 1588425 zeigt eine Thermosicherung gemäße dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The document DE 1588425 shows a thermal fuse according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Thermosicherung zur Verfügung zu stellen, die bei unzulässig hohen Umgebungstemperaturen, die z.B. bei von Ausfällen von Bauelementen, Kurzschlüssen bzw. durch Fremdeinwirkung, Fehlfunktionen von Isolationswerkstoffen auftreten, einen Stromfluss sicher unterbricht. Dabei soll die Thermosicherung im Wesentlichen abhängig von der Umgebungstemperatur und nicht von dem Stromfluss durch die Thermosicherung ausgelöst werden, damit auch Störungen, die nur zu Strömen kleiner als die zulässigen Maximalströme führen, sicher erkannt werden können. Weiterhin soll die erfindungsgemäße Thermosicherung eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit insbesondere während einer hohen Lebensdauer aufweisen.It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermal fuse which, in the case of impermissibly high ambient temperatures, For example, in the case of failures of components, short-circuiting or due to external influences, malfunction of insulation materials, reliably interrupting a current flow. In this case, the thermal fuse should be triggered depending on the ambient temperature and not by the current flow through the thermal fuse substantially, so that disturbances that only lead to currents smaller than the maximum permissible currents can be reliably detected. Furthermore, the thermal fuse according to the invention should have a high reliability, especially during a long service life.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Thermosicherung nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the thermal fuse according to claim 1.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Gemäß einem Aspekt ist eine Thermosicherung in einer Leitungsstruktur, insbesondere in einem Stanzgitter oder einer Leiterplatte, mit mehreren Leitungsbereichen vorgesehen. Die Leitungsbereiche der Thermosicherung weisen jeweilige Anschlussstellen auf. Ferner ist ein Schmelzelement vorgesehen, das mit den Anschlussstellen der Leitungsstruktur elektrisch und mechanisch verbunden ist, wobei das Material des Schmelzelementes eine Schmelztemperatur aufweist, um bei einer Umgebungstemperatur höher als die Schmelztemperatur aufzuschmelzen, so dass sich Material des Schmelzelementes an den Anschlussstellen sammelt und die durch das Schmelzelement gebildete elektrische Verbindung trennt.According to one aspect, a thermal fuse is provided in a line structure, in particular in a stamped grid or a printed circuit board, with a plurality of line regions. The line areas of the thermal fuse have respective connection points. Further, a fusible element is provided, which is electrically and mechanically connected to the connection points of the line structure, wherein the material of the fusible element has a melting temperature to melt at an ambient temperature higher than the melting temperature, so that collects material of the fusible element at the connection points and by the fuse formed electrical connection separates.

Die obige Thermosicherung kann in einfache Weise durch elektrisches Kontaktieren eines Schmelzelementes zwischen Anschlussstellen eines Stanzgitters aufgebracht werden.The above thermal fuse can be applied in a simple manner by electrically contacting a fusible element between connection points of a stamped grid.

Weiterhin können die Anschlussstellen einen Abstand voneinander aufweisen, bei dem das geschmolzene Material des Schmelzelementes an den Anschlussstellen voneinander elektrisch getrennt ist.Furthermore, the connection points may have a distance from each other, in which the molten material of the melting element is electrically isolated from each other at the connection points.

Vorzugsweise wird das Schmelzelement an den Anschlussstellen angelötet, angeschweißt, angeklemmt oder angeklebt.Preferably, the fusible element is soldered, welded, clamped or glued at the connection points.

Weiterhin kann das Schmelzelement mit einem Flussmittel beschichtet sein und/oder in einem Hohlraum im Inneren des Schmelzelementes ein Flussmittel aufweisen. Ein im Inneren des Schmelzelementes eingeschlossenes Flussmittel hat den Vorteil, dass die Alterung des Flussmittels reduziert wird.Furthermore, the melting element may be coated with a flux and / or have a flux in a cavity in the interior of the melting element. A flux enclosed within the fuser has the advantage of reducing the aging of the flux.

Weiterhin können die Anschlussstellen an entsprechenden Kontaktstegen der Leitungsstruktur angeordnet sein, wobei die Kontaktstege ein Federelement aufweisen und/oder wobei mindestens einer der Kontaktstege bezüglich einer durch die Anschlussstellen definierten Richtung eine Krümmung oder Umbiegung aufweist.Furthermore, the connection points can be arranged on corresponding contact webs of the line structure, wherein the contact webs have a spring element and / or wherein at least one of the contact webs with respect to a direction defined by the connection points has a curvature or bend.

Gemäß der Erfindung weist die Leitungsstruktur einen oder mehrere Blindleitungsabschnitte auf, die nicht zur Stromführung beitragen, und/oder einem oder mehrere Querabschnitte aufweisen, die sich quer zu einer durch die Anschlussstellen definierten Anschlussrichtung erstrecken und mit einem Blindleitungsabschnitt oder einem Leitungsabschnitt verbunden sind,According to the invention, the line structure has one or more stub line sections which do not contribute to current conduction and / or have one or more transverse sections which extend transversely to a connection direction defined by the connection locations and are connected to a stub line section or a line section,

Weiterhin kann das Schmelzelement quaderförmig ausgebildet sein oder einen U-förmigen oder S-förmigen Abschnitt aufweisen, um die Elastizität des Schmelzelementes zu erhöhen, so dass eine Zug oder Stauchungskraft aufgenommen werden kann. Zudem kann dadurch die lokale Verformung verringert werden, um eine Materialermüdung durch wiederholte Verformungen zu verringern.Furthermore, the melting element can be cuboid or have a U-shaped or S-shaped section in order to increase the elasticity of the melting element, so that a tensile or compressive force can be absorbed. In addition, this can reduce the local deformation in order to reduce material fatigue due to repeated deformations.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform das Schmelzelement aus einem verformbaren Material gebildet ist, wobei die Verformungskraft zum Verformen des Schmelzelementes kleiner ist als eine Mindestkraft, die zu einer Degradation des Schmelzelementes und/oder der Verbindung zwischen der Anschlussstelle und dem Schmelzelement führt.According to one embodiment, the melting element is formed from a deformable material, wherein the deformation force for deforming the fusible element is less than a minimum force, which leads to a degradation of the fusible element and / or the connection between the connection point and the melting element.

Weiterhin können die Anschlussstellen in Kontaktelementen vorgesehen sein, die jeweils eine leitende Kontakthülse und eine daran angeschlossene Anschlussleitung aufweisen. Enden des Schmelzelementes sind in die Kontakthülsen eingesetzt und dort jeweils mit Hilfe eines Kontaktmaterials mit der Kontakthülse elektrisch verbunden.Furthermore, the connection points may be provided in contact elements, each having a conductive contact sleeve and a connection line connected thereto. Ends of the fusible element are inserted into the contact sleeves and there electrically connected to the contact sleeve by means of a contact material.

Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt ist eine Thermosicherung in einer Leitungsstruktur vorgesehen. Die Thermosicherung umfasst ein Kontaktelement, das eine leitende Kontakthülse und eine daran angeschlossene Anschlussleitung aufweist, sowie ein Schmelzelement, in das ein Flussmittel eingebettet ist, wobei ein Ende des Schmelzelementes in die Kontakthülse eingesetzt ist und dort mit Hilfe eines Kontaktmaterials mit der Kontakthülse elektrisch verbunden ist.According to another aspect, a thermal fuse is provided in a line structure. The thermal fuse comprises a contact element having a conductive contact sleeve and a connecting line connected thereto, and a melting element, in which a flux is embedded, wherein one end of the fusible element is inserted into the contact sleeve and is electrically connected there by means of a contact material with the contact sleeve ,

Weiterhin kann das Flussmittel als Flussmittelseele in dem Material des Schmelzelementes oder als Zwischenschicht zwischen zwei Schichten des Materials des Schmelzelementes vorgesehen ist.
Weiterhin kann das Kontaktmaterial ein Lotmaterial sein, das eine zu dem Material des Schmelzelementes gleiche Schmelztemperatur oder eine zu dem Material des Schmelzelementes niedrigere Schmelztemperatur aufweist.Furthermore, the flux may be provided as a flux center in the material of the fusible element or as an intermediate layer between two layers of the material of the fusible element.
Furthermore, the contact material may be a solder material having a melting temperature equal to the material of the melting element or a lower melting temperature than the material of the melting element.

Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Thermosicherung vorgesehen. Das Verfahren umfasst das Aufschmelzen eines Kontaktmaterials in einer Kontakthülse eines Kontaktelementes durch eine Wärmequelle, das Entfernen der Wärmequelle, und, gleichzeitig mit oder nach dem Entfernen der Wärmequelle, das Einbringen eines Schmelzelementes in die Kontakthülse, wobei das Schmelzelement teilweise aufgeschmolzen wird und sich mit der Kontakthülse über das Kontaktmaterial verbindet.According to a further aspect, a method for producing a thermal fuse is provided. The method comprises melting a contact material in a contact sleeve of a contact element by a heat source, removing the heat source, and, simultaneously with or after removal of the heat source, inserting a fusible element into the contact sleeve, wherein the fusible element is partially fused is and connects to the contact sleeve on the contact material.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen ausführlich beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Figuren 1a bis 1c eine Thermosicherung in einer Draufsicht, in einer Querschnittsansicht und in einem Auslösezustand;
  • Figuren 2a und 2b Ausführungsformen zur Ausgestaltung des Schmelzelementes gemäß Ausführungsformen der Erfindung;
  • Figuren 3a und 3b weitere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung mit verschiedenen Ausgestaltungen des Stanzgitters;
  • Fig. 4 eine Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Thermosicherung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung;
  • Figuren 5a bis 5c eine schematische Darstellung einer Thermosicherung bei einer Verwendung eines Schmelzlegierungselementes aus einem duktilen Material; und
  • Figuren 6a und 6b weitere Ausführungsformen der Thermosicherung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, bei der eine plastische Verformung des Stanzgitters durch den Schmelzlegierungsblock duktil abgebaut wird; und
  • Figur 7 eine weitere Ausführungsform der Thermosicherung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
  • FIGS. 1a to 1c a thermal fuse in a plan view, in a cross-sectional view and in a trigger state;
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b Embodiments for designing the fusible element according to embodiments of the invention;
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b further embodiments of the invention with various configurations of the stamped grid;
  • Fig. 4 a representation of another embodiment of the thermal fuse according to the present invention;
  • FIGS. 5a to 5c a schematic representation of a thermal fuse when using a fusible alloy element of a ductile material; and
  • Figures 6a and 6b Further embodiments of the thermal fuse according to the present invention, in which a plastic deformation of the stamped grid is broken down by the fusible alloy ingot ductile; and
  • FIG. 7 another embodiment of the thermal fuse according to the present invention.

Fig. 1a zeigt eine Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Stanzgitters 1 mit einer Leitungsstruktur mit Leitungselementen zum Leiten eines elektrischen Stroms. Derartige Stanzgitter 1 werden im Automobilbereich zum Herstellen von Verbindungselementen eingesetzt, bei denen einzelne elektrische Bauelemente zwischen den Leitungselementen des Stanzgitters 1 aufgebracht werden sollen. Die Leitungsstruktur des Stanzgitters 1 ist von einer Ummantelung 5 aus einem Kunststoffmaterial umgeben, das die einzelnen Leitungselemente fixiert und vor Korrosion schützt. In einer Ausnehmung 7 in der Ummantelung 5 sind zwei Kontaktstege 2 als Teile der Leitungsstruktur nicht von der Ummantelung 5 bedeckt, d.h. im Bereich der beiden Kontaktstege 2 ist die Leitungsstruktur freigelegt. Fig. 1a shows a plan view of a section of a stamped grid 1 with a line structure with line elements for conducting an electric current. Such punched grids 1 are used in the automotive sector for the production of connecting elements in which individual electrical components are to be applied between the line elements of the stamped grid 1. The line structure of the stamped grid 1 is surrounded by a sheath 5 made of a plastic material which fixes the individual line elements and protects against corrosion. In a recess 7 in the casing 5, two contact webs 2 as parts of the line structure are not covered by the casing 5, ie in the region of the two contact webs 2, the line structure is exposed.

In Fig. 1b ist das Stanzgitter 1 der Fig. 1a entlang der Schnittlinie A-A dargestellt. Die freiliegenden Kontaktstege 2 werden, wie in Fig. 1b dargestellt ist, über entsprechende Anschlussstellen 9 durch ein leitendes Schmelzelement 3 miteinander elektrisch verbunden, um so eine Thermosicherung in dem Stanzgitter 1 zu bilden. Das Schmelzelement 3 ist bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform quader- bzw. barrenförmig aus einem leicht schmelzenden, elektrisch gut leitenden Metall bzw. einer Metalllegierung oder aus einem Material gefertigt, das Strom gut leitet und einen niedrigen Schmelzpunkt von unter 300°C, unter 250°C bzw. vorzugsweise unter 200°C aufweist. Das Material des Schmelzelementes 3 ist hinsichtlich seines Schmelzpunktes und seiner Leitfähigkeit so gewählt, dass einerseits im normalen Betrieb ein Aufschmelzen des Schmelzelementes 3 bei einer niedrigen Umgebungstemperatur durch einen hohen Stromfluss sicher ausgeschlossen werden kann, und andererseits dieses bei einer hohen Umgebungstemperatur über einer Schwellentemperatur sicher schmilzt.In Fig. 1b is the punched grid 1 of Fig. 1a shown along the section line AA. The exposed contact webs 2 become, as in Fig. 1b is represented by corresponding connecting points 9 by a conductive fusible element 3 electrically connected together so as to form a thermal fuse in the lead frame 1. The fusible element 3 is in the embodiment shown cuboid or bar-shaped from a readily melting, highly electrically conductive metal or a metal alloy or made of a material that conducts electricity well and a low melting point of less than 300 ° C, below 250 ° C. or preferably below 200 ° C. The material of the fusible element 3 is selected in terms of its melting point and its conductivity so that on the one hand in normal operation, a melting of the fusible element 3 at a low ambient temperature can be safely ruled out by a high current flow, and on the other hand this melts safely at a high ambient temperature above a threshold temperature ,

Das Material des Schmelzelementes 3 ist weiterhin so gewählt, dass es im geschmolzenen Zustand eine Oberflächenspannung aufweist, die nach dem Aufschmelzen in der in Fig. 1b gezeigten Ausführungsform ein Zusammenziehen des Materials des Schmelzelementes 3 auf den Anschlussstellen 9 bewirkt, die zu einer Auftrennung des Strompfades durch das Schmelzelement 3 führt. Fig. 1c zeigt das Material des Schmelzelementes 3, das sich aufgrund seiner Oberflächenspannung an den Anschlussstellen 9 der Kontaktstege 2 tropfenförmig gesammelt hat. Der Abstand zwischen den Enden der zueinander gerichteten Kontaktstege 2 ist dabei so gewählt, dass Tropfen 4 des aufgeschmolzenen Materials des Schmelzelementes 3 im Auslösefall nicht miteinander in Kontakt kommen können.The material of the fusible element 3 is further selected so that it has a surface tension in the molten state, which after melting in the in Fig. 1b shown embodiment causes a contraction of the material of the fusible element 3 on the connection points 9, which leads to a separation of the current path through the fuse element 3. Fig. 1c shows the material of the fusible element 3, which has collected drop-shaped due to its surface tension at the connection points 9 of the contact webs 2. The distance between the ends of the mutually facing contact webs 2 is chosen so that drops 4 of the molten material of the fusible element 3 can not come into contact with each other in the case of triggering.

Bei der Wahl des Materials des Schmelzelementes 3 ist auf eine gute Prozessierbarkeit, Zuverlässigkeit im Normalbetrieb sowie ein sicheres Auslösen im Fehlerfall auch nach längerer Betriebsdauer zu achten. Mögliche Materialien sind z.B. Lote oder sonstige leicht schmelzende (bei niedrigen Temperaturen zwischen 100°C und 300°C schmelzende) Materialien.When choosing the material of the melting element 3 is on a good processability, reliability in normal operation and a safe triggering in case of failure even after a long time Operating time. Possible materials include solders or other easily melting (melting at low temperatures between 100 ° C and 300 ° C) materials.

Als mögliches Material kommt z.B. SnSb- oder SnPb-Lot in Betracht, das jedoch einer erheblichen Alterung unterliegt. In diesem Fall kann, wie in den Figuren 2a und 2b gezeigt ist, das Schmelzelement 3 mit einem Flussmittel 8 versehen sein, dass innerhalb des Schmelzelementes 3 (Fig. 2a) oder als Schicht außerhalb des Schmelzelementes 3 (siehe Fig. 2b) z.B. durch Eintauchen vorgesehen ist. Im Fall der Fig. 2a kann durch das Einschließen des Flussmittels z.B. in einem Hohlraum in dem Schmelzelement 3 eine Alterung des Flussmittels reduziert werden. Auch ist eine Aufnahme des Flussmittels zwischen zwei Schichten des Materials des Schmelzelementes 3 alternativ möglich.As a possible material is, for example, SnSb or SnPb solder into consideration, which, however, is subject to considerable aging. In this case, as in the FIGS. 2a and 2b is shown, the fusible element 3 be provided with a flux 8 that within the fusible element 3 Fig. 2a ) or as a layer outside the fusible element 3 (see Fig. 2b ) is provided by immersion, for example. In the case of Fig. 2a For example, by including the flux in a cavity in the fusible element 3, aging of the flux can be reduced. Also, a recording of the flux between two layers of the material of the fusible element 3 is alternatively possible.

Alternativ kann als Material für das Schmelzelement ein alterungsresistenteres Material, z.B. SnAgCu-Lot, verwendet werden. Ein Flussmittel zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenspannung wird auch bei diesem Material benötigt.Alternatively, as the material for the fuse, an aging-resistant material, e.g. SnAgCu solder, to be used. A flux for improving the surface tension is also required for this material.

Bei einem Aufschmelzen zieht sich das Schmelzelement 3 je nach Benetzbarkeit der Kontaktstege 2 bzw. der Anschlussstellen 9 zu zwei kugelähnlichen Strukturen zusammen oder benetzt den Kontaktsteg 2 schichtartig. Um eine Oxidation des Schmelzelements 3 zu vermeiden, können dessen Oberflächen teilweise oder ganz beschichtet sein, wie z.B. mit Gold oder Kupfer.In a melting, the fusible element 3, depending on the wettability of the contact webs 2 or the connection points 9 together to form two ball-like structures or wets the contact web 2 in layers. In order to avoid oxidation of the fusible element 3, its surfaces may be partially or wholly coated, e.g. with gold or copper.

Beim Befestigen des Schmelzelementes 3 ist zum einen auf eine gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit zu achten und zum anderen darauf, dass das Schmelzelement 3 zuverlässig an den Leitungsbereichen 2 gehalten wird. Mögliche Verbindungstechniken sind z.B. das Löten mit einem Lot, dessen Schmelztemperatur niedriger liegt als die des Schmelzelementes. Das Löten kann z.B. mithilfe eines Lasers oder sonstigen bekannten Lötverfahren durchgeführt werden, wobei auch das direkte Auflöten des Schmelzelementes durch lokales Aufschmelzen möglich ist, so dass das Aufbringen eines Lotmaterials, z.B. in Form einer Lotpaste, u.U. verzichtbar ist. Das lokale Aufschmelzen kann beispielsweise durch Durchleiten von Strompulsen, durch Laserheizen, Induktion, Wärmeleitung, Heißluft oder Wärmestrahlung durchgeführt werden.When fastening the fusible element 3, attention must firstly be paid to good electrical conductivity and, secondly, to the fact that the fusible element 3 is reliably held on the line regions 2. Possible joining techniques are, for example, soldering with a solder whose melting temperature is lower than that of the melting element. The soldering can eg by means of a laser or other known soldering be performed, whereby the direct soldering of the fusible element is possible by local melting, so that the application of a solder material, for example in the form of a solder paste, may be dispensed with. The local melting can be carried out, for example, by passing current pulses, by laser heating, induction, heat conduction, hot air or heat radiation.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, das Schmelzelement 3 mit den Kontaktstegen 2 zu verbinden, besteht darin, dieses durch Kleben mit einem leitfähigen Kleber durchzuführen. Dies ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, wenn das Schmelzelement 3 mit einer Haftschicht und/oder Oxidationsschicht versehen ist, die ein Löten erschwert. Zusätzlich zum Kleben, kann ein Bondingprozess durchgeführt werden, bei ein Bonddraht zwischen dem Schmelzelement 3 und dem entsprechenden Kontaktsteg 2 angeschlossen wird, um das Schmelzelement 3 in zuverlässiger Weise elektrisch mit den Kontaktstegen 2 des Stanzgitters 1 zu verbinden.Another way to connect the fuse element 3 with the contact webs 2 is to perform this by gluing with a conductive adhesive. This is particularly advantageous if the melting element 3 is provided with an adhesive layer and / or oxidation layer, which makes soldering more difficult. In addition to bonding, a bonding process may be performed by connecting a bonding wire between the fuse element 3 and the corresponding contact land 2 to electrically connect the fuse element 3 to the contact lands 2 of the lead frame 1 in a reliable manner.

Weitere Möglichkeiten bestehen im Verbinden des Schmelzelementes 3 mit den Kontaktstegen 2 durch Reibschweißen, Diffusions- und Ultraschallschweißen, Laserschweißen und dgl. Alternativ kann das Schmelzelement 3 auch durch mechanisches klemmen, z.B. durch Crimpen oder durch Schneidklemmen, mit den Leitungsbereichen 2 des Stanzgitters 1 verbunden werden.Other possibilities are to join the fusible element 3 to the contact webs 2 by friction welding, diffusion and ultrasonic welding, laser welding and the like. Alternatively, the fusing element 3 may also be clamped by mechanical clamping, e.g. by crimping or by insulation displacement terminals, are connected to the line areas 2 of the lead frame 1.

Bei der Anordnung des Schmelzelementes 3 auf dem Stanzgitter 1 ist darauf zu achten, dass mechanische Spannungen durch eine nachfolgende Prozessierung, die eine bei Temperaturschwankung hervorruft, wie z.B. ein Umspritzen des Stanzgitters 1 mit einem Kunststoffmaterial, um eine Ummantelung herzustellen, und während des Betriebs gering bleiben. Mechanische Spannungen können zu einer Degradation des Schmelzsicherungselement oder zu einer Zerrüttung bzw. Degradation der Verbindung zwischen dem Schmelzsicherungselement 3 und den Kontaktstegen 2 (z.B. die Lötstelle) führen.When arranging the fusible element 3 on the leadframe 1, it is important to ensure that mechanical stresses are reduced by subsequent processing, which causes a temperature variation, such as encapsulation of the stamped grid 1 with a plastic material to produce a sheath, and during operation stay. Mechanical stresses can lead to a degradation of the fuse element or to a breakdown or degradation of the connection between the fuse element 3 and the contact webs 2 (eg the solder joint).

Um eine übergroße Belastung des Schmelzsicherungselements 3 aufgrund von mechanischen Spannungen der Leiterbahnen im Stanzgitter 1 zu vermeiden und dadurch die Zuverlässigkeit der Thermosicherung zu erhöhen, kann, wie in den Figuren 3a und 3b gezeigt ist, das Stanzgitter 1 zusätzlich die Leitungsstrukturen des Stanzgitters 1 Entlastungsstrukturen aufweisen, die eine bessere Fixierung in der Ummantelung 5 gewährleisten. Darüber hinaus kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Entlastungsstrukturen des Stanzgitters 1 ineinander greifen und/oder den von mechanischen Spannungen zu entlastenden Bereich ganz oder teilweise umschließen, so dass mechanische Spannungen von den Entlastungsstrukturen an die Ummantelung 5 abgegeben werden. Umgekehrt können auch von der Ummantelung ausgehende mechanische Spannungen von den Entlastungsstrukturen aufgenommen werden.In order to avoid an excessive load on the fuse element 3 due to mechanical stresses of the tracks in the lead frame 1 and thereby increase the reliability of the thermal fuse can, as in the FIGS. 3a and 3b is shown, the lead frame 1 in addition to the line structures of the lead frame 1 relief structures, which ensure better fixation in the casing 5. In addition, it can be provided that the relief structures of the stamped grid 1 mesh with each other and / or completely or partially enclose the area to be relieved of mechanical stresses, so that mechanical stresses are released from the relief structures to the housing 5. Conversely, mechanical stresses emanating from the sheath can also be absorbed by the relief structures.

Wie in Fig. 3a dargestellt ist, wird das Ineinandergreifen der Entlastungsstrukturen durch das Vorsehen von mit den Leiterbahnen verbundenen Blindleitungsabschnitten 6 realisiert, die in der Ummantelung 5 eingebettete Abschnitte darstellen, die quer zu einer Anschlussrichtung des Schmelzsicherungselementes 3, d.h. quer zur Richtung der Stromführung zwischen den beiden Anschlussstellen 9 des Schmelzelementes 3 angeordnet sind. Die Anschlussrichtung des Schmelzelementes 3 wird durch die Richtung der Anschlussstellen 9 definiert, an denen das Schmelzelement 3 an den Kontaktstegen 2 angeschlossen ist.As in Fig. 3a 4, the interlocking of the relief structures is realized by the provision of stub lines 6 connected to the tracks, which are sections embedded in the sheath 5, which are transverse to a direction of connection of the fuse element 3, ie transverse to the direction of current conduction between the two connection points 9 of FIG Fused element 3 are arranged. The direction of connection of the fusible element 3 is defined by the direction of the connection points 9 at which the fusible element 3 is connected to the contact webs 2.

Einer oder beide der Leiterbahnen, die zu den entsprechenden Kontaktstegen 2 führen, weisen darüber hinaus einen Leitungsarmabschnitt auf, der seitlich an den Kontaktstegen 2 und dem Schmelzelement 3 vorbei geführt ist und mit dem entsprechenden Blindleitungsabschnitt 6 versehen ist, der von dem Leitungsarmabschnitt quer in Richtung zu der jeweils anderen Leiterbahn absteht, ohne diese zu kontaktieren. So werden das Schmelzelement 3 und die dazugehörigen Kontaktstege 2 zumindest teilweise von dem Leitungsarmabschnitt und dem Blindleitungsabschnitt 6 umschlossen, so dass mechanische Spannungen in der Kunststoffummantelung, in der sowohl Leitungsarmabschnitt als auch der Blindleitungsabschnitt 6 eingebettet sind, aufgenommen werden können.One or both of the traces leading to the respective contact lands 2 further include a conductor arm portion which is laterally guided past the contact lands 2 and the fusible member 3 and provided with the corresponding stub portion 6 extending transversely from the conduit arm portion to the other conductor lane protrudes, without contacting them. Thus, the fusible element 3 and the associated contact webs 2 at least partially enclosed by the conduit arm portion and the stub portion 6, so that mechanical stresses can be accommodated in the plastic sheath in which both the conduit arm portion and the stub portion 6 are embedded.

In Fig. 3b ist eine weitere Ausführungsform dargestellt, wobei die Leiterbahnen, die mit den entsprechenden Kontakten des Schmelzelementes 3 verbunden sind, jeweils Querabschnitte 10 aufweisen, die bezüglich der Anschlussrichtung des Schmelzelementes 3 ineinander greifen, d.h. abwechselnd von einer der Leiterbahnen und einer anderen der Leiterbahnen ausgehen. Zwei benachbarte der Querabschnitte 10 bilden dabei die Kontaktstege 2 zum Anschließen des Schmelzelementes 3. Die Querabschnitte 10 können so gewählt sein, dass die Richtung des Stromflusses in dem Schmelzelement 3 zu der Richtung des Stromflusses in den benachbarten Leitungselementen 2 entgegengesetzt verläuft.In Fig. 3b a further embodiment is shown, wherein the conductor tracks, which are connected to the corresponding contacts of the fusible element 3, each have transverse sections 10 which interlock with respect to the direction of connection of the fusible element 3, ie, alternately emanating from one of the interconnects and another of the interconnects. Two adjacent transverse sections 10 form the contact webs 2 for connecting the fusible element 3. The transverse sections 10 may be selected such that the direction of the current flow in the fusible element 3 is opposite to the direction of the current flow in the adjacent line elements 2.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, eine Krafteinwirkung auf das Schmelzelement 3 und auf die 9 stellen mit den Kontaktstegen 2, insbesondere eine Zugkraft oder Stauchung zu vermeiden, besteht darin, die Leiterbahnen des Stanzgitters 1 mit einem zusätzlichen Federelement oder einer entsprechenden Form, wie sie in Fig. 4 gezeigt ist, zu versehen, die geeignet ist, eine in Richtung des Schmelzsicherungselements 3 wirkende Kraft aufzufangen. Es kann beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, dass einer oder mehrere der der Kontaktstege 2 eine Biegung oder eine Abwinkelung aufweisen, um eine erhöhte Elastizität in Zugrichtung und Stauchungsrichtung zu schaffen. Dadurch können sich die entsprechenden Kontaktstege 2 bei Einwirken einer Kraft aufgrund ihrer erhöhten Elastizität leicht verbiegen, ohne die elektrische Verbindung zu unterbrechen und dadurch die Belastung des Schmelzsicherungselementes 3 oder dessen Kontaktierung vermindern.Another way to avoid a force acting on the fusible element 3 and 9 with the contact webs 2, in particular to avoid a tensile force or compression, consists in the conductor tracks of the stamped grid 1 with an additional spring element or a corresponding shape, as shown in FIG Fig. 4 is shown to be suitable to absorb a force acting in the direction of the fuse element 3 force. It can be provided, for example, that one or more of the contact webs 2 have a bend or a bend in order to create an increased elasticity in the pulling direction and compression direction. As a result, the corresponding contact webs 2 can easily bend when exposed to a force due to their increased elasticity, without interrupting the electrical connection and thereby reduce the burden of the fuse element 3 or its contact.

Weiterhin kann, wie in den Figuren 5a bis 5c dargestellt ist, als Material für das Schmelzelement 3 ein duktiles Material vorgesehen sein, das sich auf eine Zugbelastung (siehe Fig. 5b) bzw. eine Stauchungsbelastung (siehe Fig. 5c) entsprechend verformt, und dadurch die Belastung der Anschlussstellen 9 zwischen dem Schmelzelement 3 und den Kontaktstegen 2 reduziert.Furthermore, as in the FIGS. 5a to 5c is shown, be provided as a material for the fusible element 3, a ductile material, which is based on a tensile load (see Fig. 5b ) or a compression load (see Fig. 5c ) is deformed accordingly, and thereby reduces the load on the connection points 9 between the fusible element 3 and the contact webs 2.

Während in den vorangehenden Ausführungsformen das Schmelzelement 3 barrenförmig vorgesehen ist, ist es gemäß weiterer Ausführungsformen, die in den Figuren 6a und 6b gezeigt sind, möglich, das Schmelzelement 3 auch U-förmig oder S-förmig zwischen den Anschlussstellen 9 der Kontaktstege 2 vorzusehen, sodass eine mechanische Last sowohl in horizontaler als auch in vertikaler Richtung duktil (leicht verformbar) durch das Schmelzelement 3 aufgenommen werden kann, ohne ein besonders duktiles Material wie bei der Ausführungsform der Fig. 4 vorsehen zu müssen. Dadurch wirkt eine Kraft in Anschlussrichtung des Schmelzelementes 3 nicht direkt auf die Anschlussstellen 9, wodurch deren Zuverlässigkeit und Langzeitstabilität erheblich vergrößert wird. Darüber hinaus wird die Verformung des Schmelzelementes 3 bei entsprechend relativer Bewegung zwischen den Anschlussstellen 9 verteilt, so dass eine Materialermüdung verringert wird.While in the preceding embodiments, the fusible element 3 is provided bar-shaped, it is according to further embodiments, which in the Figures 6a and 6b are shown possible to provide the fusible element 3 also U-shaped or S-shaped between the connection points 9 of the contact webs 2, so that a mechanical load in both the horizontal and in the vertical direction ductile (easily deformable) can be absorbed by the fusible element 3, without a particularly ductile material as in the embodiment of Fig. 4 to have to provide. As a result, a force in the direction of connection of the melting element 3 does not act directly on the connection points 9, as a result of which their reliability and long-term stability are considerably increased. In addition, the deformation of the fusible element 3 is distributed with relative movement between the connection points 9, so that a material fatigue is reduced.

Fig. 7 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform, bei der anstelle eines Stanzgitters als Leitungsstruktur zwei Kontaktelemente 20 vorgesehen sind. Die beiden Kontaktelemente 20 sind jeweils mit einer einseitig offene Kontakthülse 21 ausgebildet, die mit einem Anschlussdraht 22 als Anschlussleitung zur Kontaktierung der Thermosicherung versehen sind. Die Kontaktelemente 20 sind leitend ausgebildet und vorzugsweise aus einem metallischen Material gefertigt. Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment in which instead of a stamped grid as a line structure, two contact elements 20 are provided. The two contact elements 20 are each formed with a contact sleeve 21 open on one side, which are provided with a connecting wire 22 as a connecting line for contacting the thermal fuse. The contact elements 20 are conductive and preferably made of a metallic material.

In ein offenes Ende der Kontakthülse 21 ist jeweils ein Ende eines Schmelzelementes 23 aufgenommen, deren Funktionsweise den Schmelzelementen, die in den vorherigen Ausführungsformen beschrieben sind, entspricht. Das Schmelzelement 23 kann eines der zuvor genannten Materialien für Schmelzelemente aufweisen. In der gezeigten Ausführungsform ist das Schmelzelement 23 aus einem Lotmaterial gebildet, in dem eine Seele aus Flussmittel 24 eingeschlossen ist, die sich zwischen den enden des Schmelzelementes 23 erstreckt. Alternativ kann das Flussmittel auch als Zwischenschicht zwischen zwei Schichten des Materials des Schmelzelementes 23 angeordnet sein, die sich zwischen den Enden des Schmelzelementes erstreckt. Im erstgenannten Fall kann das Schmelzelement 23 vorzugsweise einen runden Querschnitt aufweisen und in ebenfalls zylinderförmige Kontakthülsen 21 eingeschoben sein.In one open end of the contact sleeve 21, one end of a fusible element 23 is accommodated, whose operation corresponds to the fusible elements described in the previous embodiments are described corresponds. The fusible element 23 may comprise one of the aforementioned fused-material materials. In the embodiment shown, the fusible element 23 is formed of a brazing material in which a core of flux 24 is encircled extending between the ends of the fusible element 23. Alternatively, the flux may also be disposed as an intermediate layer between two layers of the material of the fusible element 23 extending between the ends of the fusible element. In the former case, the fusible element 23 may preferably have a round cross-section and be inserted into likewise cylindrical contact sleeves 21.

Die Verbindung zwischen den Kontakthülsen 21 und den entsprechenden Enden des Schmelzelementes 23 kann durch ein Kontaktierungslot 25 erfolgen, das bei niedrigerer Temperatur als der Schmelztemperatur des Materials des Schmelzelementes schmilzt. Die Montage einer derartigen Thermosicherung kann also durchgeführt werden, indem eine Lotpaste aus dem Kontaktierungslot 25 in die Kontakthülse 21 eingebracht wird und anschließend das entsprechende Ende des Schmelzelementes 23 in die Hülse geschoben wird, sodass es die Lotpaste zwischen dem verschlossenen Ende der Kontakthülse 21 und dem Ende des Schmelzelementes 23 einschließt. Durch einen Temperaturschritt (Wärmezufuhr) wird nun die Lotpaste aufgeschmolzen, wobei die Temperatur jedoch so gewählt ist, dass sie das Material des Schmelzelementes 23 nicht zum Schmelzen bringt. Die Kontakthülsen 21 können anstelle eines zylinderförmigen Querschnittes auch rechteckige oder sonstige Querschnitte aufweisen, die geeignet sind, entsprechend geformte Schmelzelemente 23 aufzunehmen.The connection between the contact sleeves 21 and the corresponding ends of the fusible element 23 can be effected by a contacting solder 25, which melts at a lower temperature than the melting temperature of the material of the fusible element. The installation of such a thermal fuse can therefore be carried out by a solder paste is introduced from the Kontaktierungslot 25 in the contact sleeve 21 and then the corresponding end of the fuse element 23 is pushed into the sleeve, so that the solder paste between the closed end of the contact sleeve 21 and Includes the end of the fusible element 23. By a temperature step (heat), the solder paste is then melted, but the temperature is chosen so that it does not melt the material of the fuse element 23. Instead of a cylindrical cross section, the contact sleeves 21 may also have rectangular or other cross sections which are suitable for receiving correspondingly shaped fusible elements 23.

Auf diese Weise wird eine Thermosicherung gebildet, die aufgrund der Anschlussdrähte 22 and den Kontakthülsen 21 wie ein herkömmliches elektrisches bzw. elektronisches Bauelement in elektronischen Schaltungen verbaut werden kann.In this way, a thermal fuse is formed, which can be installed in electronic circuits due to the connecting wires 22 and the contact sleeves 21 as a conventional electrical or electronic component.

Alternativ kann als Material für die Lotpaste 25 auch das gleiche Material wie dasjenige der Schmelzsicherung verwendet werden. In diesem Fall erfolgt die Montage, indem zunächst die Lotpaste in die entsprechenden Kontakthülsen 21 eingebracht wird und diese so weit erwärmt wird, bis das Material der Lotpaste schmilzt. Anschließend werden die entsprechenden Enden des Schmelzelementes 23 in die Hülse hinein geschoben, bis sie in Kontakt mit der Lotpaste kommen und gleichzeitig oder kurz zuvor wird die Wärmequelle zum Aufschmelzen der Lotpaste 25 entfernt, sodass das Schmelzelement 23 lediglich aufgrund der Restwärme an seinen Enden kurz aufgeschmolzen wird und dann aufgrund des schnellen Absinkens der Temperatur der aufgeschmolzenen Lotpaste 25 fest mit der Kontakthülse 21 über die sich verfestigende Lotpaste 25 verbunden wird. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, ein solches Schmelzelement 23 nur unter Verwendung eines einzigen Lotmaterials herzustellen.Alternatively, as the material for the solder paste 25, the same material as that of the fuse can be used. In this case, the assembly is carried out by first the solder paste is introduced into the corresponding contact sleeves 21 and this is heated until the material of the solder paste melts. Subsequently, the corresponding ends of the fuse element 23 are pushed into the sleeve until they come into contact with the solder paste and at the same time or shortly before the heat source for melting the solder paste 25 is removed, so that the melting element 23 is melted briefly due to the residual heat at its ends is then and due to the rapid drop in temperature of the molten solder paste 25 is firmly connected to the contact sleeve 21 via the solidifying solder paste 25. In this way it is possible to produce such a fusible element 23 only by using a single soldering material.

Claims (8)

  1. Thermal fuse in a conducting structure, in particular in a leadframe,
    with a plurality of conducting areas (2) with respective connection points (9); and
    with a fusible element (3), which is electrically and mechanically connected to the connection points (9) of the conducting structure, the material of the fusible element (3) having a melting point in order to melt at an ambient temperature greater than the melting point, such that material of the fusible element (3) collects at the connection points (9) as a result of surface tension and the electrical connection formed by the fusible element (3) breaks,
    characterized in that
    the conducting structure is embedded in an enclosure, and
    in that the conducting structure has one or more stub portions (6), which do not contribute to carrying current, and/or has one or more cross portions (10), which extend transversely to a connecting direction defined by the connection points (9) and are connected to a stub portion (6) or a conducting portion.
  2. Thermal fuse according to Claim 1, the connection points (9) being at a distance from one another at which the molten material of the fusible element (3) is electrically separated at the connection points (9).
  3. Thermal fuse according to Claim 1 or 2, the fusible element (3) being soldered, welded, clamped or glued on at the connection points (9).
  4. Thermal fuse according to one of Claims 1 to 3, the fusible element (3) being coated with a flux (8) and/or a flux core being provided in the material of the fusible element or an intermediate layer being provided between two layers of the material of the fusible element.
  5. Thermal fuse according to one of Claims 1 to 4, the connection points (9) being arranged at corresponding contact webs (2) of the conducting structure, the contact webs (2) having a spring element and/or at least one of the contact webs (2) having a curvature or bend with respect to a direction defined by the connection points (9).
  6. Thermal fuse according to Claim 1, the fusible element (3) being of a cuboidal form or having a U-shaped or S-shaped portion.
  7. Thermal fuse according to one of Claims 1 to 6, the fusible element (3) being formed from a deformable material, the deformation force for deforming the fusible element (3) being less than a minimum force that leads to a degradation of the fusible element and/or of the connection between the connection point (9) and the fusible element (3).
  8. Thermal fuse according to one of Claims 1 to 7, the connection points being provided in contact elements (20) that respectively have a conducting contact sleeve (21) and a connection line (22) connected thereto; and
    ends of the fusible element being inserted in the contact sleeves (21) and electrically connected there to the contact sleeve (21), in each case with the aid of a contact material (25).
EP08708592.4A 2007-03-26 2008-02-01 Thermal fuse Not-in-force EP2130210B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007014338A DE102007014338A1 (en) 2007-03-26 2007-03-26 thermal fuse
PCT/EP2008/051286 WO2008116685A1 (en) 2007-03-26 2008-02-01 Thermal fuse

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EP2130210A1 EP2130210A1 (en) 2009-12-09
EP2130210B1 true EP2130210B1 (en) 2016-09-28

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EP08708592.4A Not-in-force EP2130210B1 (en) 2007-03-26 2008-02-01 Thermal fuse

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US (1) US8633795B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2130210B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5114546B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101647081B (en)
DE (1) DE102007014338A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008116685A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2130210A1 (en) 2009-12-09
CN101647081B (en) 2013-06-19
JP5114546B2 (en) 2013-01-09
CN101647081A (en) 2010-02-10
US20100109833A1 (en) 2010-05-06
WO2008116685A1 (en) 2008-10-02
DE102007014338A1 (en) 2008-10-02
JP2010522421A (en) 2010-07-01
US8633795B2 (en) 2014-01-21

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