EP2084940A1 - Reactance ballast device - Google Patents

Reactance ballast device

Info

Publication number
EP2084940A1
EP2084940A1 EP07803116A EP07803116A EP2084940A1 EP 2084940 A1 EP2084940 A1 EP 2084940A1 EP 07803116 A EP07803116 A EP 07803116A EP 07803116 A EP07803116 A EP 07803116A EP 2084940 A1 EP2084940 A1 EP 2084940A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung
switching element
reactance
load
changer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07803116A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2084940B1 (en
Inventor
Arno DÖBBELER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2084940A1 publication Critical patent/EP2084940A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2084940B1 publication Critical patent/EP2084940B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/005—Electrical diagrams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Reaktanzvorschalt adopted for an electric arc furnace, in particular for adjusting the Rajreaktanz a transformer of the arc furnace.
  • An electric arc furnace as is for example used for Stahlein- fusion is usually preceded by a transfor ⁇ mator which sets a time required for the arc AC voltage. Since very high capacity is taken up by an electric arc furnace and high from the upstream transformers AC voltages have to be transferred, such transformers are usually introduced into an iso ⁇ lierstoff to prevent arcing.
  • An important parameter in AC and AC is the reactance, i. the reactance of a conductor, for example in a current-carrying coil.
  • Integrating a choke coil and with an on-load tap-changer are incorporated with the coils and the active part of the transformer into a vessel filled with insulating agent.
  • the choke coil used for this purpose has at least one tap, which picks up the current flowing through the coil after a certain number of turns and thus assigns a defined reactance set to the transformer.
  • the tap is hardwired.
  • a change must be made when it is recognized after a long period of operation that the selected Vorreaktanz in load mode, ie in the oven operation, is not optimally adjusted, which for example leads to an unnecessary increase in Ener ⁇ energy consumption, or that the reactance should be adjusted process-dependent ,
  • a shutdown of the power supply thus shutting down the furnace system and the wiring of the transformer with another tap on the choke coil required.
  • a first object of the invention is to add a device to ⁇ with which the particular upstream a transformer reactance is easily adjustable.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a transformer with which the reactance is closely as possible setting ⁇ bar.
  • a third object of the invention is to provide an electric arc furnace, in particular for Stahleinschmelzung, which is supplied in the load operation possible with optimal and economical Ener ⁇ energy.
  • the first object is achieved according to the invention in that a reactance ballast is specified, in particular for an electric arc furnace, with a choke coil and with a freestanding on-load tap-changer, wherein the load stage Switch is designed and configured to adjust the reactance of the choke coil under load.
  • the reactance ballast is not limited to its use for adjusting the reactance for an electric arc furnace or for an arc furnace transformer. It can also be preceded by other energy consumers or plants whose characteristics are determined in particular by the reactance.
  • a freestanding dry-insulated air throttle coil is selected for the Reaktanzvorschalt Road.
  • dry air insulated inductors no insulating oils are used, making general maintenance and fire risk is reduced and thus and around ⁇ world friendliness increased profitability.
  • the choke coil has a suitable number of
  • Tapping points each associated with a number of turns of the coil. Since the inductance and thus the impedance of a coil of the number of turns depends upon passing through a coil current can be obtained by tapping of a coil passing through alternating current to a wiretapper, the SPU ⁇ lenimpedanz and thus the reactance, that is, the reactance for alternating current, according to the gradations the taps are stepped down.
  • the inductor combined with the freest ⁇ rising load tap-changer on a number of input contacts, at least one output contact and a switching element.
  • the switching element for alternately variable connection of at least one input contact is set up with an output ⁇ contact.
  • the switching element can thus each connect one or more input contacts to an output contact, depending on the configuration.
  • the respective setting of the switching element is thus controlled ⁇ with the output on or at an output contact.
  • the on-load tap-changer further comprises a container with an insulating means in which is designed and arranged for receiving the switching element.
  • the switching element suitably comprises a number of A ⁇ gears and at least one output, wherein one or each output is associated with a branch node on which at least two branches of a bridge circuit, wherein when the branches are deactivated in each case at switching points, said branches respectively can be variably connected to the inputs, and are each connected in pairs with each other via a Querver ⁇ bond with a load switching point, in particular with a vacuum switch.
  • a bridge circuit comprises at least two branches.
  • the branches make contact with the inputs of the switching element, and can be contacted individually with different inputs, so that several branches abut an input, or only one branch in each case at an input.
  • the variable contact can be achieved by moving the branches between different inputs. If all branches are at an entrance or all branches are contacted with this entrance, then a step position is given. If, on the other hand, two branches are resting against two different entrances, then a bridge position is created Are defined. With only two branches, there is only one step position and one bridge position. Such a trained Heidelbergele ⁇ ment allows switching under load, wherein the switching takes place from one step position to another successively on the formation of bridge positions.
  • the branches of the bridge circuit of the switching element are pair ⁇ way connected with cross connections, which can be deactivated via a respective load switching point. Between the branching node and the cross-connections, the branches themselves are provided with switching points. Are now switching points disabled on individual branches to move about around these branches, each one, each with a different entrance, so do not assume the costs associated with these branches interconnections initially the load, and can also power andsupportsfluktua ⁇ tions balance in the area of the branching node and prevent local overloads when switching. Now the cross connections at the load switching points can be deactivated and the branches disconnected from the current flow can be shifted.
  • the load switching points are preferably given by vacuum switch, since vacuum switch as a load switch by the shielding effect of the vacuum function reliably and are wear.
  • the branches between the cross connections and the input-side contact points are suitably provided with throttle elements which ensure a substantially uniform load distribution in the circuit in a bridge configuration.
  • a desired configuration of the Reaktanzvorschalteinrich- tung is adapted not that the number of at ⁇ taps of the inductor coincide with the number of the input contacts of the load tap-changer and a respective tapping point is connected to an input contact.
  • the assignment of the tapping points to the input contacts is preferably linear, so that a counting of the input contacts in a predetermined sequence corresponds to the increasing or decreasing reactance of the choke coil. It exists hereby a desired unique association between the reactance stages and the input contacts.
  • the second object is achieved by a transformer, in particular for an electric arc furnace, which is associated with a Reaktanzvorschalt raised according to the aforementioned type.
  • An additional device for adjusting the reactance with a throttle coil and with an on-load tap-changer is advantageously integrated in the transformer.
  • the third object is achieved by a Lichtbo ⁇ genofen, especially for the steel smelting, which is preceded by a transformer of the aforementioned type.
  • FIG. 2 shows the switching process of a switching element between a stage and a bridge position in 6 individual images A to F
  • FIG. 3 shows a single-line diagram of an electric arc furnace with a transformer and a reactance ballast of the type mentioned above.
  • a Reaktanzvorschalt raised V is shown with an air throttle coil 1 and with a freestanding on-load tap-changer 2 in entirety.
  • the air throttle coil 1 is connected via the feed point 3 to a power grid and is provided with a number of uniformly distributed tapping points 4, via which the current passing through the air throttle coil 1 can each be tapped after a multiple of an equal section of the bobbin.
  • the air throttle coil 1 is introduced into a container 5, which is shown in dashed lines Darge ⁇ represents.
  • the free-standing on-load tap-changer 2 has a steel housing 6, the interior 7 of which is filled with an insulating agent, in particular oil.
  • the load tap 2 is provided with egg ⁇ ner number of input contacts 8, which are connected with the taps 4, the air choke coil. 1
  • the input contacts provide 8 inputs are for a localized there switching element 9, WEL ches is displaceable as a whole variable here.
  • the output of the switching element 9 is passed through an output contact 10 to the outside and connected via a power line 11 to a transformer of an electric arc furnace.
  • FIG 2 the switching process of a switching element 9 of FIG 1 between a step and a bridge position in the switching phases A to F is shown schematically.
  • the components of the switching element 9 will first be explained in detail, which are given analogously for the remaining switching phases B to F.
  • the components of the switching element 9 only provided there with Be ⁇ kars Schweizer where it is necessary for the explanation of the switching process.
  • the switching element 9 shown in FIG 2 is connected via the load ⁇ stage switch 2 with the tapping points 4 of the air throttle coil 1, as can be seen from Figure 1.
  • Two inputs 121, 12r of the switching element 9 are shown, which are assigned to the input contacts 8 of the on-load tap-changer 2 in FIG.
  • the switching element 9 ei ⁇ nen left line branch or branch 131 and a right line branch or branch 13r, which are each provided with inductors 141, 14r, and respectively via contact points 151, 15r with toggle switches 161, 16r with a branching node 17th are connected.
  • the junction node 17 leads to the output 21 of the switching element 9.
  • the switching element 9 is in step position at the input 121. Both branches 131 and 13r are located at the input 121.
  • the toggle switches 161 and 16r are in closed position at the respective contact points 151 and 15r, so that the two branches 131 and 13r are under load ,
  • the choke coils 141 and 14r ensure a symmetrical load distribution on the branches 131 and 13r.
  • the load-free branch 13r is shifted from the input 121 to the input 12r.
  • the bridge position is realized via both contact points 151 and 15r.
  • FIG 3 shows an arc furnace O with a furnace transformer ⁇ tor T and a reactance ballast V of the type mentioned with a choke coil 1 and an on-load tap 2.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)

Abstract

A reactance ballast device (V) is specified, in particular for an arc furnace, having an induction coil (1) and having a free-standing load stepping switch (2), with the load stepping switch (2) being designed to adjust the reactance of the induction coil (1) while on load. A transformer (T) is also specified, in particular for an arc furnace (O), having an associated reactance ballast device (V) of the type mentioned initially. An arc furnace (O) is also specified, in particular for steel smelting, and is preceded by a transformer (T) such as this.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtungreactance
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung für einen Lichtbogenofen, insbesondere zum Einstellen der Zusatzreaktanz eines Transformators des Lichtbogenofens.The invention relates to a Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung for an electric arc furnace, in particular for adjusting the Zusatzreaktanz a transformer of the arc furnace.
Einem Lichtbogenofen, wie er beispielsweise zur Stahlein- Schmelzung eingesetzt ist, ist üblicherweise ein Transfor¬ mator vorgeschaltet, der eine für den Lichtbogen benötigte Wechselspannung einstellt. Da von einem Lichtbogenofen sehr hohe Leistungen aufgenommen werden und von den vorgeschalteten Transformatoren hohe Wechselspannungen übertragen werden müssen, sind solche Transformatoren üblicherweise in ein Iso¬ liermittel eingebracht, um Funkenüberschläge zu vermeiden.An electric arc furnace, as is for example used for Stahlein- fusion is usually preceded by a transfor ¬ mator which sets a time required for the arc AC voltage. Since very high capacity is taken up by an electric arc furnace and high from the upstream transformers AC voltages have to be transferred, such transformers are usually introduced into an iso ¬ liermittel to prevent arcing.
Eine bei Wechselspannung und Wechselstrom wichtige Kenngröße ist die Reaktanz, d.h. der Blindwiderstand eines Leiters, beispielsweise bei einer stromdurchflossenen Spule.An important parameter in AC and AC is the reactance, i. the reactance of a conductor, for example in a current-carrying coil.
Für verschiedene Betriebszustände eines Lichtbogenofens ist es wünschenswert, unterschiedliche Reaktanzen einstellen zu können. Hierzu ist es bekannt, in den vorgeschalteten Trans- formator eine Vorrichtung zur Reaktanzeinstellung mit einerFor different operating conditions of an electric arc furnace, it is desirable to be able to set different reactances. For this purpose, it is known in the upstream transformer, a device for Reaktanzeinstellung with a
Drosselspule und mit einem Laststufenschalter zu integrieren, Typischerweise sind solche Vorrichtungen mit den Spulen und dem Aktivteil des Transformators in einen mit Isoliermittel gefüllten Kessel eingebracht.Integrating a choke coil and with an on-load tap-changer. Typically, such devices are incorporated with the coils and the active part of the transformer into a vessel filled with insulating agent.
Für eine Lichtbogenofenanlage ohne eine in den Transformator¬ kessel eingebaute Zusatzreaktanz, ist es weiter bekannt, au¬ ßerhalb des Transformators, z.B. in einer Freiluftschaltanlage, aufgestellte Luftdrosselspulen als Zusatzreaktanz ein- zusetzen. Es ist jedoch nicht möglich, mit derart ausgeführten Zusatzreaktanzen eine für alle Betriebszustände des Lichtbogenofens optimale Reaktanz unter Last einzustellen.For an arc furnace installation without a built-in transformer ¬ boiler Zusatzreaktanz, it is known on, au ¬ ßerhalb the transformer, eg in an outdoor switchgear, single enforce established air chokes as Zusatzreaktanz. However, it is not possible to set an optimal reactance under load for all operating conditions of the arc furnace with additional reactances carried out in this way.
Daher werden viele Lichtbogenofenanlagen in der Praxis mit einer fest vorgewählten Reaktanz betrieben. Die hierzu eingesetzte Drosselspule weist zumindest eine Anzapfung auf, die den die Spule durchfließenden Strom nach einer bestimmten Windungszahl abgreift und somit eine definiert eingestellte Reaktanz dem Transformator zuordnet. Zur Zuordnung der gewünschten Reaktanz wird die Anzapfung fest verdrahtet. Eine Veränderung muss aber vorgenommen werden, wenn nach längerer Betriebsdauer erkannt wird, dass die gewählte Vorreaktanz im Lastbetrieb, d.h. im Ofenbetrieb, nicht optimal eingestellt ist, was beispielsweise zu einer unnötigen Erhöhung des Ener¬ gieverbrauchs führt, oder dass die Reaktanz prozeßabhängig angepasst werden sollte. Hierzu ist nachteiligerweise eine Abschaltung der Stromversorgung, somit ein Herunterfahren der Ofenanlage sowie die Verdrahtung des Transformators mit einer anderen Anzapfung an der Drosselspule erforderlich.Therefore, many arc furnace plants are operated in practice with a fixed preselected reactance. The choke coil used for this purpose has at least one tap, which picks up the current flowing through the coil after a certain number of turns and thus assigns a defined reactance set to the transformer. To assign the desired reactance, the tap is hardwired. However, a change must be made when it is recognized after a long period of operation that the selected Vorreaktanz in load mode, ie in the oven operation, is not optimally adjusted, which for example leads to an unnecessary increase in Ener ¬ energy consumption, or that the reactance should be adjusted process-dependent , For this purpose, disadvantageously a shutdown of the power supply, thus shutting down the furnace system and the wiring of the transformer with another tap on the choke coil required.
Eine erste Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung an¬ zugeben, mit welcher die insbesondere einem Transformator vorgeschaltete Reaktanz einfach einstellbar ist.A first object of the invention is to add a device to ¬ with which the particular upstream a transformer reactance is easily adjustable.
Eine zweite Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Transformator anzugeben, mit welchem die Reaktanz möglichst genau einstell¬ bar ist.A second object of the invention is to provide a transformer with which the reactance is closely as possible setting ¬ bar.
Eine dritte Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Lichtbogenofen anzugeben, insbesondere für die Stahleinschmelzung, der im Lastbetrieb möglichst optimal und wirtschaftlich mit Ener¬ gie versorgt wird.A third object of the invention is to provide an electric arc furnace, in particular for Stahleinschmelzung, which is supplied in the load operation possible with optimal and economical Ener ¬ energy.
Die erste Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass eine Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung angegeben wird, insbesondere für einen Lichtbogenofen, mit einer Drosselspule und mit einem freistehenden Laststufenschalter, wobei der Laststufen- Schalter zur Einstellung der Reaktanz der Drosselspule unter Last ausgebildet und eingerichtet ist.The first object is achieved according to the invention in that a reactance ballast is specified, in particular for an electric arc furnace, with a choke coil and with a freestanding on-load tap-changer, wherein the load stage Switch is designed and configured to adjust the reactance of the choke coil under load.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kombination einer Drosselspule mit einem freistehenden Laststufenschalter ermöglicht es, die Vorreaktanz unter Last einzustellen, so dass entsprechend den be¬ trieblichen Erfordernissen immer die optimale Vor- oder Zusatzreaktanz gewählt werden kann, insbesondere in Anwendung auf den Lastbetrieb eines Lichtbogenofens.The inventive combination of a reactor with a freestanding load tap allows you to set the series reactance under load so that the be ¬ propulsive requirements with optimum preparation or Zusatzreaktanz can be selected according ever, especially as applied to the load operation of an arc furnace.
Die Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung ist nicht eingeschränkt auf ihre Verwendung zur Einstellung der Reaktanz für einen Lichtbogenofen oder für einen Transformator eines Lichtbogenofens. Sie kann auch anderen Energieverbrauchern oder Anlagen vorge- schaltet werden, deren Kenngrößen insbesondere durch die Reaktanz bestimmt sind.The reactance ballast is not limited to its use for adjusting the reactance for an electric arc furnace or for an arc furnace transformer. It can also be preceded by other energy consumers or plants whose characteristics are determined in particular by the reactance.
Vorteilhafterweise ist für die Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung eine freistehende trockenisolierte Luftdrosselspule gewählt. Bei trockenisolierten Luftdrosselspulen kommen keine Isolieröle zum Einsatz, wodurch allgemeiner Wartungsaufwand und Brandgefahr verringert und somit Wirtschaftlichkeit und Um¬ weltfreundlichkeit erhöht werden.Advantageously, a freestanding dry-insulated air throttle coil is selected for the Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung. In dry air insulated inductors no insulating oils are used, making general maintenance and fire risk is reduced and thus and around ¬ world friendliness increased profitability.
Weiterhin weist die Drosselspule eine geeignete Anzahl vonFurthermore, the choke coil has a suitable number of
Anzapfstellen auf, denen jeweils eine Windungszahl der Spule zugeordnet ist. Da die Induktivität und somit die Impedanz einer Spule von der Zahl der Windungen abhängt, die ein Spulenstrom durchläuft, kann durch Abgriff eines die Spule durchlaufenden Wechselstroms an einer Anzapfstelle die Spu¬ lenimpedanz und somit die Reaktanz, d.h. der Blindwiderstand bei Wechselstrom, entsprechend der Abstufungen der Anzapfstellen abgestuft vorgegeben werden.Tapping points, each associated with a number of turns of the coil. Since the inductance and thus the impedance of a coil of the number of turns depends upon passing through a coil current can be obtained by tapping of a coil passing through alternating current to a wiretapper, the SPU ¬ lenimpedanz and thus the reactance, that is, the reactance for alternating current, according to the gradations the taps are stepped down.
In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung weist der mit der Drosselspule kombinierte freiste¬ hende Laststufenschalter eine Anzahl von Eingangskontakten, zumindest einen Ausgangskontakt und ein Schaltelement auf. Dabei ist das Schaltelement zur wechselweisen variablen Verbindung zumindest eines Eingangskontaktes mit einem Ausgangs¬ kontakt eingerichtet. Bei mehreren Eingangskontakten kann das Schaltelement somit je nach Konfiguration jeweils einen oder mehrere Eingangskontakte mit einem Ausgangskontakt verbinden. Durch die jeweilige Einstellung des Schaltelementes wird so¬ mit der Ausgang an dem oder an einem Ausgangskontakt gesteuert. Der Laststufenschalter umfasst ferner ein Behältnis mit einem Isoliermittel, in welches zur Aufnahme des Schaltele- mentes ausgebildet und eingerichtet ist. Durch das Isolier¬ mittel wird ein Funkenüberschlag durch hohe Spannungen ver¬ mieden. Durch die Isoliereigenschaften des Isoliermittels wird die Funkenschlagstrecke reduziert, so dass die Baugröße insgesamt verringert ist.In a preferred development of the reactance, the inductor combined with the freest ¬ rising load tap-changer on a number of input contacts, at least one output contact and a switching element. In this case, the switching element for alternately variable connection of at least one input contact is set up with an output ¬ contact. With multiple input contacts, the switching element can thus each connect one or more input contacts to an output contact, depending on the configuration. The respective setting of the switching element is thus controlled ¬ with the output on or at an output contact. The on-load tap-changer further comprises a container with an insulating means in which is designed and arranged for receiving the switching element. By insulating ¬ medium flashover due to high voltages is ver ¬ avoided. Due to the insulating properties of the insulating the spark gap is reduced, so that the overall size is reduced.
Das Schaltelement weist geeigneterweise eine Anzahl von Ein¬ gängen und zumindest einen Ausgang auf, wobei einem oder jedem Ausgang ein Verzweigungsknoten zugeordnet ist, an dem zumindest zwei Äste einer Brückenschaltung zusammenlaufen, wo- bei die Äste jeweils an Schaltstellen deaktivierbar sind, wobei die Äste jeweils mit den Eingängen variabel verbindbar sind, und jeweils paarweise untereinander über eine Querver¬ bindung mit einer Lastschaltstelle verbunden sind, insbesondere mit einem Vakuumschalter.The switching element suitably comprises a number of A ¬ gears and at least one output, wherein one or each output is associated with a branch node on which at least two branches of a bridge circuit, wherein when the branches are deactivated in each case at switching points, said branches respectively can be variably connected to the inputs, and are each connected in pairs with each other via a Querver ¬ bond with a load switching point, in particular with a vacuum switch.
An dem einem Ausgang des Schaltelementes zugeordneten Verzweigungsknoten laufen die zu einer Brückenschaltung gehörigen Äste zusammen, wobei eine Brückenschaltung mindestens zwei Äste umfasst. Die Äste stellen den Kontakt zu den Ein- gangen des Schaltelementes her, und können dabei einzeln mit verschiedenen Eingängen kontaktiert werden, so dass mehrere Äste an einem Eingang anliegen, oder nur jeweils ein Ast an jeweils einem Eingang. Insbesondere kann die variable Kontak- tierung durch ein Verschieben der Äste zwischen verschiedenen Eingängen erzielt werden. Liegen alle Äste an einem Eingang an bzw. sind alle Äste mit diesem Eingang kontaktiert, so ist eine Stufenposition vorgegeben. Liegen dagegen zwei Äste an zwei verschiedenen Eingängen an, so wird eine Brückenposition definiert. Bei nur zwei Ästen gibt es nur eine Stufenposition und eine Brückenposition. Ein derart ausgebildetes Schaltele¬ ment ermöglicht ein Schalten unter Last, wobei das Schalten von einer Stufenposition in eine andere sukzessive über die Bildung von Brückenpositionen erfolgt.At the branch node associated with an output of the switching element, the branches belonging to a bridge circuit converge, wherein a bridge circuit comprises at least two branches. The branches make contact with the inputs of the switching element, and can be contacted individually with different inputs, so that several branches abut an input, or only one branch in each case at an input. In particular, the variable contact can be achieved by moving the branches between different inputs. If all branches are at an entrance or all branches are contacted with this entrance, then a step position is given. If, on the other hand, two branches are resting against two different entrances, then a bridge position is created Are defined. With only two branches, there is only one step position and one bridge position. Such a trained Schaltele ¬ ment allows switching under load, wherein the switching takes place from one step position to another successively on the formation of bridge positions.
Die Äste der Brückenschaltung des Schaltelements sind paar¬ weise mit Querverbindungen verbunden, die über jeweils eine Lastschaltstelle deaktivierbar sind. Zwischen dem Verzwei- gungsknoten und den Querverbindungen sind die Äste ihrerseits jeweils mit Schaltstellen versehen. Werden nun Schaltstellen auf einzelnen Ästen deaktiviert, etwa um diese Äste von je einem zu je einem anderen Eingang zu verschieben, so übernehmen die mit diesen Ästen verbundenen Querverbindungen zu- nächst die Last und können zudem Strom- und Spannungsfluktua¬ tionen im Bereich des Verzweigungsknotens ausgleichen und dortige Überlastungen beim Schalten verhindern. Nun können die Querverbindungen an den Lastschaltstellen deaktiviert und die dadurch vom Stromfluss abgekoppelten Äste verschoben wer- den. Die Lastschaltstellen sind vorzugsweise durch Vakuumschalter gegeben, da Vakuumschalter als Lastschalter durch die Abschirmungswirkung des Vakuums zuverlässig funktionieren und verschleißarm sind. Zudem sind geeigneterweise die Äste zwischen den Querverbindungen und den eingangsseitigen Kon- taktstellen mit Drosselelementen versehen, die in einer Brückenkonfiguration eine im Wesentlichen gleichmäßige Lastverteilung im Stromkreis sicherstellen.The branches of the bridge circuit of the switching element are pair ¬ way connected with cross connections, which can be deactivated via a respective load switching point. Between the branching node and the cross-connections, the branches themselves are provided with switching points. Are now switching points disabled on individual branches to move about around these branches, each one, each with a different entrance, so do not assume the costs associated with these branches interconnections initially the load, and can also power and Spannungsfluktua ¬ tions balance in the area of the branching node and prevent local overloads when switching. Now the cross connections at the load switching points can be deactivated and the branches disconnected from the current flow can be shifted. The load switching points are preferably given by vacuum switch, since vacuum switch as a load switch by the shielding effect of the vacuum function reliably and are wear. In addition, the branches between the cross connections and the input-side contact points are suitably provided with throttle elements which ensure a substantially uniform load distribution in the circuit in a bridge configuration.
Eine angestrebte Ausgestaltung der Reaktanzvorschalteinrich- tung ist dahingehend ausgestaltet, dass die Anzahl der An¬ zapfstellen der Drosselspule mit der Anzahl der Eingangskontakte des Laststufenschalters übereinstimmt und jeweils eine Anzapfstelle mit einem Eingangskontakt verbunden ist. Dabei ist bevorzugt die Zuordnung der Anzapfstellen zu den Ein- gangskontakten linear, so dass ein Abzählen der Eingangskontakte in einer vorgegebenen Abfolge der zunehmenden oder abnehmenden Reaktanz der Drosselspule entspricht. Es besteht hiermit eine erwünschte eindeutige Zuordnung zwischen den Reaktanzstufen und den Eingangskontakten.A desired configuration of the Reaktanzvorschalteinrich- tung is adapted not that the number of at ¬ taps of the inductor coincide with the number of the input contacts of the load tap-changer and a respective tapping point is connected to an input contact. In this case, the assignment of the tapping points to the input contacts is preferably linear, so that a counting of the input contacts in a predetermined sequence corresponds to the increasing or decreasing reactance of the choke coil. It exists hereby a desired unique association between the reactance stages and the input contacts.
Weiter besteht zweckmäßigerweise eine eindeutige Zuordnung zwischen den Eingangs- und Ausgangskontakten des Laststufenschalters und den Ein- und Ausgängen des Schaltelementes. So¬ mit sind insbesondere die Eingänge des Schaltelementes den Reaktanzstufen eindeutig zugeordnet. Mit dem Schaltelement als Teil des Laststufenschalters ist somit eine Reaktanzvor- anpassung des Transformators über die Stufenwahl der Anzapf¬ stellen der Drosselspule dargestellt.Furthermore, there is expediently a clear association between the input and output contacts of the on-load tap-changer and the inputs and outputs of the switching element. So ¬ with the inputs of the switching element are particularly clearly assigned to the Reaktanzstufen. To the switching element as part of the load tap-changer is thus a Reaktanzvor- adjustment of the transformer via the tap ¬ provide the choke coil shown stages choice.
Die zweite Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst durch einen Transformator, insbesondere für einen Lichtbogenofen, dem eine Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung nach der eingangs genannten Art zugeordnet ist.The second object is achieved by a transformer, in particular for an electric arc furnace, which is associated with a Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung according to the aforementioned type.
In den Transformator ist vorteilhafterweise eine zusätzliche Vorrichtung zur Einstellung der Reaktanz mit einer Drossel- spule und mit einem Laststufenschalter integriert.An additional device for adjusting the reactance with a throttle coil and with an on-load tap-changer is advantageously integrated in the transformer.
Die dritte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Lichtbo¬ genofen gelöst, insbesondere für die Stahleinschmelzung, dem ein Transformator der vorgenannten Art vorgeschaltet ist.The third object is achieved by a Lichtbo ¬ genofen, especially for the steel smelting, which is preceded by a transformer of the aforementioned type.
Im Folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen jeweils in schematischer DarstellungIn the following an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. In each case show in a schematic representation
FIG 1 eine Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung mit einer Luftdrosselspule und einem Laststufenschalter,1 shows a Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung with an air throttle coil and an on-load tap-changer,
FIG 2 den Schaltprozess eines Schaltelementes zwischen einer Stufen- und einer Brückenposition in 6 Einzelbildern A bis F, und FIG 3 als Einlinienschema einen Lichtbogenofen mit einem Transformator und einer Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art. In FIG 1 ist eine Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung V mit einer Luftdrosselspule 1 und mit einem freistehenden Laststufenschalter 2 in Gesamtheit dargestellt. Die Luftdrosselspule 1 wird über den Einspeisepunkt 3 mit einem Stromnetz verbunden und ist mit einer Anzahl von gleichverteilt angeordneten Anzapfstellen 4 versehen, über die der die Luftdrosselspule 1 durchlaufende Strom jeweils nach einem Vielfachen eines gleichgroßen Teilabschnittes des Spulendurchlaufs abgegriffen werden kann. Gegebenenfalls wird die Luftdrosselspule 1 in einen Behälter 5 eingebracht, der hier gestrichelt darge¬ stellt ist.2 shows the switching process of a switching element between a stage and a bridge position in 6 individual images A to F, and FIG. 3 shows a single-line diagram of an electric arc furnace with a transformer and a reactance ballast of the type mentioned above. In Figure 1, a Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung V is shown with an air throttle coil 1 and with a freestanding on-load tap-changer 2 in entirety. The air throttle coil 1 is connected via the feed point 3 to a power grid and is provided with a number of uniformly distributed tapping points 4, via which the current passing through the air throttle coil 1 can each be tapped after a multiple of an equal section of the bobbin. Optionally, the air throttle coil 1 is introduced into a container 5, which is shown in dashed lines Darge ¬ represents.
Der freistehende Laststufenschalter 2 weist ein Stahlgehäuse 6 auf, dessen Innenraum 7 mit einem Isoliermittel, insbeson- dere Öl, aufgefüllt ist. Der Laststufenschalter 2 ist mit ei¬ ner Anzahl von Eingangskontakten 8 versehen, die mit den Anzapfstellen 4 der Luftdrosselspule 1 verdrahtet sind. Im In¬ nenraum 7 des Stahlgehäuses 6 stellen die Eingangskontakte 8 Eingänge für ein dort lokalisiertes Schaltelement 9 dar, wel- ches hier als ganzes variabel verschiebbar ist. Der Ausgang des Schaltelementes 9 wird über einen Ausgangskontakt 10 nach außen geführt und über eine Netzleitung 11 mit einem Transformator eines Lichtbogenofens verbunden. Durch eine defi¬ nierte Verschiebung des Schaltelementes 9 zu einem bestimmten Eingangskontakt 8 und der korrespondienenden Anzapfstelle 4 wird der Lastkreis der Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung V zwischen dem Einspeisepunkt 3 und der Ausgangsleitung 11 geschlossen. Somit wird die der Anzapfstelle 4 zugeordnete Reaktanz 4 der Luftdrosselspule 1 an der Ausgangsleitung 11 zur Verfügung gestellt.The free-standing on-load tap-changer 2 has a steel housing 6, the interior 7 of which is filled with an insulating agent, in particular oil. The load tap 2 is provided with egg ¬ ner number of input contacts 8, which are connected with the taps 4, the air choke coil. 1 In the ¬ nenraum 7 of the steel casing 6, the input contacts provide 8 inputs are for a localized there switching element 9, WEL ches is displaceable as a whole variable here. The output of the switching element 9 is passed through an output contact 10 to the outside and connected via a power line 11 to a transformer of an electric arc furnace. By a defi ¬ ned displacement of the switching element 9 to a specific input contact 8 and the corresponding tapping point 4 of the load circuit of the reactance ballast V between the feed point 3 and the output line 11 is closed. Thus, the tapping point 4 associated reactance 4 of the air throttle coil 1 is provided on the output line 11.
In FIG 2 wird der Schaltprozess eines Schaltelementes 9 nach FIG 1 zwischen einer Stufen- und einer Brückenposition in den Schaltphasen A bis F schematisch dargestellt. Anhand der Ab- bildung zu Schaltphase A werden zunächst die Komponenten des Schaltelementes 9 im Detail erläutert, die für die restlichen Schaltphasen B bis F analog gegeben sind. Der Übersichtlichkeit halber sind in den Abbildungen zu den Schaltphasen B bis F die Komponenten des Schaltelementes 9 nur noch dort mit Be¬ zugszeichen versehen, wo es für die Erläuterung des Schaltprozesses notwendig ist.In FIG 2, the switching process of a switching element 9 of FIG 1 between a step and a bridge position in the switching phases A to F is shown schematically. On the basis of the illustration of switching phase A, the components of the switching element 9 will first be explained in detail, which are given analogously for the remaining switching phases B to F. For the sake of clarity, in the figures for the switching phases B to F the components of the switching element 9 only provided there with Be ¬ zugszeichen where it is necessary for the explanation of the switching process.
Das in FIG 2 dargestellte Schaltelement 9 ist über den Last¬ stufenschalter 2 mit den Anzapfstellen 4 der Luftdrosselspule 1 verbunden, wie es aus FIG 1 ersichtlich ist. Es sind zwei Eingänge 121, 12r des Schaltelementes 9 dargestellt, die in FIG 1 den Eingangskontakten 8 des Laststufenschalters 2 zuge- ordnet sind. In der Darstellung weist das Schaltelement 9 ei¬ nen linken Leitungsast oder Ast 131 und einen rechten Leitungsast oder Ast 13r auf, die jeweils mit Drosselspulen 141, 14r versehen sind, und jeweils über Kontaktstellen 151, 15r mit Kippschaltern 161, 16r mit einem Verzweigungsknoten 17 verbunden sind. Der Verzweigungsknoten 17 führt zum Ausgang 21 des Schaltelementes 9. Jeweils zwischen den Drosselspulen 141, 14r und den Kontaktstellen 151, 15r besteht eine Querverbindung 18 mit einem Vakuumschalter 20 zwischen den Leitungsästen 131 und 13r, die an den Anschlussstellen 191 und 19r jeweils mit diesen verbunden sind. Die Pfeile S zeigen die inverse Stromrichtung an.The switching element 9 shown in FIG 2 is connected via the load ¬ stage switch 2 with the tapping points 4 of the air throttle coil 1, as can be seen from Figure 1. Two inputs 121, 12r of the switching element 9 are shown, which are assigned to the input contacts 8 of the on-load tap-changer 2 in FIG. In the illustration, the switching element 9 ei ¬ nen left line branch or branch 131 and a right line branch or branch 13r, which are each provided with inductors 141, 14r, and respectively via contact points 151, 15r with toggle switches 161, 16r with a branching node 17th are connected. The junction node 17 leads to the output 21 of the switching element 9. In each case between the inductors 141, 14r and the contact points 151, 15r there is a cross connection 18 with a vacuum switch 20 between the line branches 131 and 13r, which are connected at the connection points 191 and 19r respectively are. The arrows S indicate the inverse current direction.
Der Schaltvorgang wird aus den einzelnen Schaltphasen A bis F ersichtlich :The switching process can be seen from the individual switching phases A to F:
A Das Schaltelement 9 befindet sich in Stufenposition am Eingang 121. Beide Äste 131 und 13r liegen am Eingang 121. Die Kippschalter 161 und 16r sind an den jeweiligen Kontaktstellen 151 und 15r in geschlossener Position, so dass die beiden Äste 131 und 13r unter Last stehen. Die Drosselspulen 141 und 14r gewährleisten eine symmetrische Lastverteilung auf den Ästen 131 und 13r.A The switching element 9 is in step position at the input 121. Both branches 131 and 13r are located at the input 121. The toggle switches 161 and 16r are in closed position at the respective contact points 151 and 15r, so that the two branches 131 and 13r are under load , The choke coils 141 and 14r ensure a symmetrical load distribution on the branches 131 and 13r.
B Der Kippschalter 16r wird geöffnet, an der Kontaktstelle 15r ist der Kontakt gekappt. Dadurch steht nun die Quer¬ verbindung 18 über den geschlossenen Vakuumschalter 20 unter Last . C Der Vakuumschalter 20 wird unterbrochen, der Ast 13r ist lastfrei und kann verschoben werden, die Gesamtlast liegt auf dem Ast 131.B The toggle switch 16r is opened, at the contact point 15r the contact is cut off. Thus, the cross ¬ connection 18 is now available via the closed vacuum switch 20 under load. C The vacuum switch 20 is interrupted, the branch 13r is unloaded and can be moved, the total load is on the branch 131st
D Der lastfreie Ast 13r wird vom Eingang 121 auf den Eingang 12r verschoben.D The load-free branch 13r is shifted from the input 121 to the input 12r.
E Der Vakuumschalter 20 wird geschlossen, die Querverbindung 18 und der Ast 13r stehen wieder unter Last, die Brückenposition ist aktiv, da jetzt zugleich die Eingänge 121 und 12r über den Verzweigungspunkt 17 einen geschlossenen Kreislauf herstellen.E The vacuum switch 20 is closed, the cross connection 18 and the branch 13r are again under load, the bridge position is active because now also the inputs 121 and 12r establish a closed circuit via the branch point 17.
F Der Kippschalter 16r wird wieder geschlossen, an der Kontaktstelle 15r ist der Kontakt wieder hergestellt.F The toggle switch 16r is closed again, at the contact point 15r the contact is restored.
Statt über die Querverbindung 18 ist die Brückenposition über beide Kontaktstellen 151 und 15r realisiert.Instead of the transverse connection 18, the bridge position is realized via both contact points 151 and 15r.
In inverser Abfolge zur Sequenz A bis F und spiegelsymmet- risch zu dieser kann nun der Ast 131 verschoben werden, um eine Stufenposition beider Äste 131, 13r am Eisgang 12r herzustellen .In inverse succession to the sequence A to F and mirror-symmetric to this can now be the branch 131 is moved to produce a step position of both branches 131, 13r on ice drift 12r.
Auf diese Weise ist mit der Brückenschaltung des Schaltele- mentes 9 über die Bildung von Brückenpositionen an verschiedenen Eingängen die Verschiebung von Stufenposition zu Stufenposition zwischen diesen verschiedenen Eingängen unter Last möglich.In this way, with the bridge circuit of the switching element 9 via the formation of bridge positions at different inputs, the shift from stage position to stage position between these various inputs under load is possible.
FIG 3 zeigt einen Lichtbogenofen O mit einem Ofentransforma¬ tor T und einer Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung V der eingangs genannten Art mit einer Drosselspule 1 und einem Laststufenschalter 2. 3 shows an arc furnace O with a furnace transformer ¬ tor T and a reactance ballast V of the type mentioned with a choke coil 1 and an on-load tap 2.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V), insbesondere für einen Lichtbogenofen, mit einer Drosselspule (1) und mit einem freistehenden Laststufenschalter (2), wobei der Laststufenschalter (2) zur Einstellung der Reaktanz der Drosselspule (1) unter Last ausgebildet und eingerichtet ist.1. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V), in particular for an electric arc furnace, with a choke coil (1) and with a freestanding on-load tap-changer (2), wherein the on-load tap-changer (2) is designed and configured to adjust the reactance of the choke coil (1) under load.
2. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Drosselspule (1) als eine freistehende trockenisolierte2. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) according to claim 1, wherein the choke coil (1) as a freestanding dry-insulated
Luftdrosselspule ausgebildet ist.Air throttle coil is formed.
3. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Drosselspule (1) mit einer Anzahl von Anzapfstel- len(4) versehen ist, denen jeweils eine Windungszahl der Drosselspule (1) zugeordnet ist.3. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the choke coil (1) len with a number of tapping points (4) is provided, each associated with a number of turns of the choke coil (1).
4. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der Laststufenschalter (2) eine Anzahl von Eingangskontakten (8), zumindest einen Ausgangskontakt (10) und ein Schaltelement (9), welches Schaltelement (9) jeweils zur Verbindung zumindest eines Eingangskontaktes (4) mit einem Ausgangskontakt (10) eingerichtet ist, sowie ein Behältnis (6) mit einem Isoliermittel umfasst, welches Behältnis (6) zur Aufnahme des Schaltelementes (9) ausgebildet und eingerichtet ist .4. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the on-load tap-changer (2) a number of input contacts (8), at least one output contact (10) and a switching element (9), which switching element (9) in each case at least for connection an input contact (4) with an output contact (10) is set up, and a container (6) with an insulating means comprises, which container (6) for receiving the switching element (9) is formed and arranged.
5. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Schaltelement (9) eine Anzahl von Eingängen (121, 12r) und zumindest einen Ausgang (21) aufweist, wobei einem oder jedem Ausgang ein Verzweigungsknoten (17) zugeordnet ist, an dem zumindest zwei Äste (131, 13r) einer Brückenschaltung zusammenlaufen, wobei die Äste (131, 13r) jeweils an Schaltstellen (151, 15r) deaktivierbar sind, wobei die Äste (131, 13r) je- weils mit den Eingängen (121, 12r) variabel verbindbar sind, und jeweils paarweise untereinander über eine Querverbindung (18) mit einer Lastschaltstelle (20) verbunden sind, insbe¬ sondere mit einem Vakuumschalter. 5. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) according to claim 4, wherein the switching element (9) has a number of inputs (121, 12r) and at least one output (21), wherein one or each output is associated with a branch node (17), at least two branches (131, 13r) of a bridge circuit converge, whereby the branches (131, 13r) can each be deactivated at switching points (151, 15r), the branches (131, 13r) being variable in each case with the inputs (121, 12r) are connectable, and in pairs with each other via a cross connection (18) with a load switching point (20) are connected, in particular ¬ special with a vacuum switch.
6. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) nach Anspruch 3 und nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, wobei die Anzahl der Anzapf¬ stellen (4) der Drosselspule (1) mit der Anzahl der Eingangs¬ kontakte (8) des Laststufenschalters (2) übereinstimmt und jeweils eine Anzapfstelle (4) mit einem Eingangskontakt (8) verbunden ist.6. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) according to claim 3 and according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the number of Anzapf ¬ places (4) of the choke coil (1) with the number of input contacts ¬ (8) of the on-load tap changer (2) coincides and in each case a tapping point (4) is connected to an input contact (8).
7. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Eingangs- (8) und Ausgangskontakte (10) des Laststufen- Schalters eindeutig den Ein- (121, 12r) und Ausgängen (A) des Schaltelementes, respektive, zugeordnet sind.7. Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) according to claim 6, wherein the input (8) and output contacts (10) of the on-load tap-changer unambiguously the inputs (121, 12r) and outputs (A) of the switching element, respectively assigned.
8. Transformator (T), insbesondere für einen Lichtbogenofen (O) , dem eine Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche zur Reaktanzvoreinstellung zugeordnet ist.8. Transformer (T), in particular for an electric arc furnace (O), which is associated with a Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung (V) according to one of the preceding claims for reactance preset.
9. Transformator (T) nach Anspruch 8, wobei in den Transformator (T) eine zusätzliche Vorrichtung zur Einstellung der Reaktanz mit einer Drosselspule und mit einem Laststufenschalter integriert ist.9. Transformer (T) according to claim 8, wherein in the transformer (T) an additional device for adjusting the reactance with a choke coil and with an on-load tap-changer is integrated.
10. Lichtbogenofen (O), insbesondere für die Stahleinschmel¬ zung, dem ein Transformator (T) nach Anspruch 8 oder 9 vorge- schaltet ist. 10. electric arc furnace (O), in particular for the Stahlleinschmel ¬ tion, which is a transformer (T) according to claim 8 or 9 vorge- switched.
EP20070803116 2006-10-26 2007-08-31 Reactance ballast device Active EP2084940B1 (en)

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DE102006050624A DE102006050624A1 (en) 2006-10-26 2006-10-26 Reactance connecting device for transformer in electric arc furnace, has induction coil and standalone load switch for adjusting reactance of induction coil under load, where induction coil is provided with multiple tapping points
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