EP2082626A1 - Betatron comprising a removable accelerator block - Google Patents
Betatron comprising a removable accelerator blockInfo
- Publication number
- EP2082626A1 EP2082626A1 EP07802171A EP07802171A EP2082626A1 EP 2082626 A1 EP2082626 A1 EP 2082626A1 EP 07802171 A EP07802171 A EP 07802171A EP 07802171 A EP07802171 A EP 07802171A EP 2082626 A1 EP2082626 A1 EP 2082626A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- betatron
- outer yoke
- parts
- yoke
- accelerator block
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005461 Bremsstrahlung Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H11/00—Magnetic induction accelerators, e.g. betatrons
- H05H11/04—Biased betatrons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a betatron with a removable accelerator block, in particular for generating X-radiation in an X-ray inspection system.
- X-ray inspection systems When checking large-volume items such as containers and vehicles for inadmissible content such as weapons, explosives or contraband, X-ray inspection systems are known to be used. X-rays are generated and directed to the object. The X-radiation attenuated by the object is measured by means of a detector and analyzed by an evaluation unit. Thus, it can be concluded on the nature of the object.
- Such an X-ray inspection system is known, for example, from European Patent EP 0 412 190 B1.
- Betatrons are used to generate X-rays with the energy of more than 1 MeV necessary for the test.
- These are circular accelerators in which electrons are held in a circular path by a magnetic field. A change in this magnetic field creates an electric field that accelerates the electrons in their orbit. From the so-called Wideröe condition determines a stable nominal orbit radius in dependence on the course of the magnetic field and its temporal change. The accelerated electrons are directed to a target, where they produce a bremsstrahlung upon impact, the spectrum of which depends, among other things, on the energy of the electrons.
- a betatron known from the published patent application DE 23 57 126 A1 consists of a two-part inner yoke, in which the end faces of the two inner yoke parts are spaced from one another. By means of two main field coils is a generated magnetic field in the inner yoke.
- An outer yoke connects the two mutually remote ends of the inner yoke parts and closes the magnetic circuit.
- an evacuated betatron tube is arranged, in which the electrons to be accelerated revolve.
- the end faces of the inner yoke parts are formed in such a way that the magnetic field generated by the main field coil forces the electrons into a circular path and, moreover, focuses them on the plane in which this circular path lies.
- betatrons Due to the generated X-radiation betatrons are provided with a lead shield, which allows the emission of radiation only at defined locations.
- part of the lead shield must be loosened and removed to maintain the accelerator block. Thereafter, the existing of the accelerator block and the outer yoke inner part is lifted out. This has the disadvantage that in each case large masses must be moved and corresponding devices are necessary.
- Claim 12 relates to an X-ray inspection system using a betatron according to the invention.
- the core of the betatron forms an accelerator block with a rotationally symmetrical inner yoke of two spaced-apart parts, at least one main field coil and a torus-shaped betatron tube arranged between the inner yoke parts.
- the betatron also has an outer yoke which surrounds the accelerator block and connects the two inner yoke parts, with at least one lateral opening and one accelerator block and the outer yoke receiving lead shield.
- the outer yoke consists of at least two parts.
- the outer yoke-forming members are movable relative to each other between open and closed positions, and the accelerator block is laterally removable from the opening of the outer yoke in the open position.
- the relative movement between the parts of the outer yoke is translatory, rotational or a combination thereof.
- a translational movement the parts of the outer yoke are shifted against each other, for example along a guide.
- a rotational movement the parts of the outer yoke are pivoted against each other, for example using a hinge.
- the outer yoke When the outer yoke is in the closed position, it fixes the inner yoke in a position suitable for the operation of the betatron and closes the magnetic circuit by connecting the two inner yoke parts. In the open position of the outer yoke of the accelerator block is not fixed by the outer yoke and can be removed through the lateral opening.
- the opposite end faces of the inner yoke parts are designed and arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to one another.
- the plane of symmetry is advantageously oriented so that the rotational symmetry axis of the inner yoke is perpendicular to it. This leads to an advantageous field distribution in the air gap between the end faces, through which the electrons in the betatron tube are held in a circular path.
- the betatron has two main field coils, wherein a main field coil is arranged on each of the inner yoke parts. This leads to an advantageous distribution of the magnetic flux on the inner yoke parts.
- the betatron has a guide rail and / or a stop for the accelerator block.
- the guide rail allows for accurate positioning of the accelerator block within the outer yoke.
- the stop defines the end position of the accelerator block.
- the guide rail simplifies the removal or introduction of the accelerator block, for example, in which the accelerator block rolls over the guide rail or slides.
- a betatron according to the invention has means for fixing the parts of the outer yoke in the closed position.
- These means which are for example screws or nuts, prevent the outer yoke opening, in particular during the operation of the betatrone.
- the means for fixing the parts of the outer yoke are accessible through the lead shield. This makes it possible to solve the fixation or restore without removing the lead shield.
- the betatron has at least one elastic element for moving the outer yoke from the closed to the open position.
- the elastic element is preferably a spring, in particular a compression spring.
- the elastic element ensures that the outer yoke assumes the open position as soon as the means for fixing the outer yoke are released.
- the outer yoke is automatically held in the open position upon removal or insertion of the accelerator block, without the need for additional intervention of the maintenance personnel.
- the open position of the outer yoke may also be referred to as a relaxed position and the closed position of the outer yoke as a cocked position.
- the lead shield preferably has a closable opening, in particular a door, for removing the accelerator block.
- the size and position of the opening is selected so that the accelerator block can be removed through the opening from the outer yoke or can be introduced into the outer yoke. Through the opening is achieved that an at least partial disassembly of the lead shield for accessing the accelerator block is eliminated.
- the betatron has at least one round plate between the inner yoke parts, wherein the round plate is arranged so that its longitudinal axis coincides with the rotational symmetry axis of the inner yoke.
- the magnetic field in the area of the blanks is stronger than in the blank-free air gap between the end faces of the inner yoke parts. This results in the possibility of influencing the Wideröe condition and thus the orbital radius of the accelerated electron within the betatron tube by the design of the Ronde (n).
- the betatron according to the invention is advantageously used in an X-ray inspection system for security checking of objects. Electrons are injected into the betatron and accelerated before being directed to a target made of tantalum, for example. There, the electrons generate X-radiation with a known spectrum. The X-radiation is directed to the object, preferably a container and / or a vehicle, and modified there, for example, by scattering or transmission attenuation. The modified X-radiation is measured by an X-ray detector and analyzed by means of an evaluation unit. From the result, the nature or content of the object is deduced.
- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an inventive
- Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the betatron according to the invention of Figure 1 with the outer yoke in the closed position and
- FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the betatron according to the invention of Figure 1 with the outer yoke in the open position.
- FIG. 1 shows the schematic structure of a preferred betatrone 1 in cross section.
- the accelerator block consists of a rotationally symmetrical inner yoke of two spaced-apart parts 2a, 2b, arranged between the inner yoke parts 2a, 2b, a torus-shaped betatron tube 5 and two main field coils 6a and 6b.
- the main field coils 6a and 6b are arranged on shoulders of the inner yoke parts 2a and 2b, respectively.
- the magnetic field generated by them passes through the inner yoke parts 2a and 2b, the magnetic circuit being closed by a two-part outer yoke 4 connecting the inner yoke parts 2a and 2b.
- the shape of the inner and / or outer yoke can be selected by the skilled person depending on the application and deviate from the shape shown in Figure 1. Also, only one or more than two main field coils may be present.
- the betatron 1 further comprises optional blanks 3 between the inner yoke parts 2a, 2b, wherein the longitudinal axis of the blanks 3 corresponds to the rotational symmetry axis of the inner yoke.
- the number and / or shape of the blanks is left to the person skilled in the art.
- the magnetic field passes partially through the blanks 3 and otherwise through an air gap.
- the betatron tube 5 is arranged. It is an evacuated tube in which the electrons are accelerated.
- the end faces of the inner yoke parts 2a and 2b have a shape selected such that the magnetic field between them focuses the electrons on a circular path. The design of the end faces is known in the art and is therefore not explained in detail.
- the electrons strike a target and thereby generate X-radiation whose spectrum depends, among other things, on the final energy of the electrons and the material of the target.
- the electrons are injected into the betatron tube 5 with an initial energy.
- the Magnetic field in the betatron 1 by the main field coils 6a and 6b continuously increased. This creates an electric field that exerts an accelerating force on the electrons.
- the electrons are forced due to the Lorentz force on a Soll Vietnamesebahn within the betatron tube 5.
- the acceleration of the electrons is repeated periodically, resulting in a pulsed X-radiation.
- the electrons are injected into the betatron tube 5 in a first step.
- the electrons are accelerated by an increasing current in the main field coil 6a and 6b and thus an increasing magnetic field in the air gap between the inner yoke parts 2a and 2b in the circumferential direction of their orbit.
- the accelerated electrons are ejected to generate the X-radiation on the target. This is followed by an optional pause before electrons are again injected into the betatron tube 5.
- FIG 2 shows the side view of the betatrone of Figure 1.
- the outer yoke 4 has a lateral opening 11 which has at least the size of the accelerator block in the visible directions.
- the accelerator block is clamped in the outer yoke 4 and held in position.
- the outer yoke 4 consists of the two parts 4a and 4b, which are translationally mutually movable.
- the outer yoke 4a is guided by threaded rods 8 which pass through recesses in the outer yoke part 4a and are connected to the outer yoke part 4b.
- Nuts 9 on the threaded rods 8 serve to fix the outer yoke part 4 a in the closed position of the outer yoke 4 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the outer yoke 4 is relaxed by opening the nuts 9 and the accelerator block is taken out of the inner yoke 4 through the lateral opening 11. After the maintenance or repair of the accelerator block this is again introduced into the inner yoke 4 and this tensioned by tightening the nuts 9 again.
- the nuts 9 are accessible with a tool through the not shown in the figures, the Betatron 1 enveloping lead shield.
- the lead shield further has a door which covers the lateral opening 11 of the outer yoke 4 and is dimensioned so that the accelerator block can be removed through it from the outer yoke 4 or introduced into the outer yoke 4.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006050950A DE102006050950A1 (en) | 2006-10-28 | 2006-10-28 | Betatron for use in X-ray testing system for security check of e.g. container, has acceleration block with rotationally symmetric inner yoke from two parts, which are spaced at distance from each other |
PCT/EP2007/007768 WO2008052616A1 (en) | 2006-10-28 | 2007-09-06 | Betatron comprising a removable accelerator block |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2082626A1 true EP2082626A1 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
EP2082626B1 EP2082626B1 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
Family
ID=38686748
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07802171.4A Active EP2082626B1 (en) | 2006-10-28 | 2007-09-06 | Betatron comprising a removable accelerator block |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7994740B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2082626B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101530002B (en) |
CA (1) | CA2668051C (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006050950A1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1133153A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2479168C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008052616A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8035321B2 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2011-10-11 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Injector for betatron |
US8362717B2 (en) * | 2008-12-14 | 2013-01-29 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method of driving an injector in an internal injection betatron |
CN107770941A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-06 | 北京华力兴科技发展有限责任公司 | Accelerator derived type structure and self-travel type container/vehicle inspection equipment |
Family Cites Families (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE467903A (en) * | 1943-07-14 | |||
CH255560A (en) * | 1943-09-01 | 1948-06-30 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Beam transformer. |
FR956808A (en) * | 1944-10-04 | 1950-02-08 | ||
FR956809A (en) * | 1944-11-20 | 1950-02-08 | ||
BE475005A (en) * | 1946-08-06 | |||
BE480700A (en) * | 1946-10-26 | |||
FR957169A (en) * | 1946-12-11 | 1950-02-16 | ||
CH265655A (en) * | 1947-09-23 | 1949-12-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Device for accelerating electrons. |
NL75180C (en) * | 1948-07-28 | |||
CH289529A (en) * | 1950-07-24 | 1953-03-15 | Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag | Electron slingshot with anticathode. |
US2695978A (en) * | 1951-04-27 | 1954-11-30 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Clamping means for electromagnetic cores |
NL87569C (en) * | 1951-06-29 | |||
US2738421A (en) * | 1952-09-11 | 1956-03-13 | Gen Electric | Means for preventing the loss of charged particles injected into accelerator apparatus |
US2822490A (en) * | 1955-01-14 | 1958-02-04 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Combination electron x-ray beam tube for a betatron |
GB863272A (en) * | 1957-10-18 | 1961-03-22 | Fairey Co Ltd | Improvements relating to magnet assemblies |
CH372110A (en) * | 1958-01-31 | 1963-09-30 | Tesla Np | AC magnet for a particle accelerator with removable pole pieces |
US3614638A (en) * | 1969-05-07 | 1971-10-19 | Lev Martemianovich Ananiev | Betatron |
US3921019A (en) * | 1972-12-04 | 1975-11-18 | Rikagaku Kenkyusho | Self-shielding type cyclotron |
GB1398694A (en) * | 1973-11-26 | 1975-06-25 | Tom I Politekhn I Im Sm Kirova | Belatron |
US3975689A (en) * | 1974-02-26 | 1976-08-17 | Alfred Albertovich Geizer | Betatron including electromagnet structure and energizing circuit therefor |
US4392111A (en) * | 1980-10-09 | 1983-07-05 | Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for accelerating charged particles |
DE58906047D1 (en) * | 1989-08-09 | 1993-12-02 | Heimann Systems Gmbh & Co | Device for radiating objects by means of fan-shaped radiation. |
WO1998057335A1 (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 1998-12-17 | Adelphi Technology, Inc. | Thin radiators in a recycled electron beam |
CN1209037A (en) * | 1997-08-14 | 1999-02-24 | 深圳奥沃国际科技发展有限公司 | Longspan cyclotron |
SE513193C2 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-07-24 | Gems Pet Systems Ab | Integrated radiation protection |
RU2229773C1 (en) * | 2002-11-20 | 2004-05-27 | Научно-исследовательский институт интроскопии при Томском политехническом университете | Pulse-mode power system for demagnetized-core betatron |
US7030399B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2006-04-18 | Cti Molecular Imaging, Inc. | Closure for shielding the targeting assembly of a particle accelerator |
-
2006
- 2006-10-28 DE DE102006050950A patent/DE102006050950A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-09-06 CA CA2668051A patent/CA2668051C/en active Active
- 2007-09-06 WO PCT/EP2007/007768 patent/WO2008052616A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-09-06 CN CN2007800402313A patent/CN101530002B/en active Active
- 2007-09-06 RU RU2009119593/07A patent/RU2479168C2/en active
- 2007-09-06 EP EP07802171.4A patent/EP2082626B1/en active Active
-
2009
- 2009-04-28 US US12/431,699 patent/US7994740B2/en active Active
- 2009-11-27 HK HK09111122.9A patent/HK1133153A1/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2008052616A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2668051A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
RU2009119593A (en) | 2010-12-10 |
WO2008052616A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
DE102006050950A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
US20090267543A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
HK1133153A1 (en) | 2010-03-12 |
CN101530002B (en) | 2011-08-03 |
CA2668051C (en) | 2015-03-24 |
RU2479168C2 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
CN101530002A (en) | 2009-09-09 |
US7994740B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
EP2082626B1 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
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