EP2078424A1 - Codage video avec selection du mode de codage intra - Google Patents
Codage video avec selection du mode de codage intraInfo
- Publication number
- EP2078424A1 EP2078424A1 EP07821931A EP07821931A EP2078424A1 EP 2078424 A1 EP2078424 A1 EP 2078424A1 EP 07821931 A EP07821931 A EP 07821931A EP 07821931 A EP07821931 A EP 07821931A EP 2078424 A1 EP2078424 A1 EP 2078424A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- block
- coding
- intra
- modes
- macroblock
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/189—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding
- H04N19/19—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding using optimisation based on Lagrange multipliers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/11—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode among a plurality of spatial predictive coding modes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
- H04N19/14—Coding unit complexity, e.g. amount of activity or edge presence estimation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
- H04N19/147—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output according to rate distortion criteria
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/593—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
- H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of coding an image sequence, exploiting in particular the intra prediction mode.
- the domain is that of video compression for storage or data transmission.
- the standard H264 / MPEG4 part 10 defines 9 intra prediction modes for image blocks of dimensions 4x4, 4 lines of 4 pixels.
- Figure 1 shows these different prediction modes. It also defines 4 prediction modes for 16x16 dimension blocks, horizontal, vertical, DC mode, and plane mode bilinear interpolation of pixel values as a function of the position in the pixel line and column to be predicted. For these 4 prediction modes, the calculation of the DCT coefficients is performed on residue blocks of size 4x4.
- the DC mode or mode 2 in FIG. 1 is also referred to hereinafter as DC predictive coding mode, the other modes as predictive intra-directional coding modes.
- the DCT prediction and coding can also be applied to blocks of residuals, blocks less predicted blocks, of size 8x8.
- Intra prediction modes refer to luminance values of neighboring block pixels or even the current block for DC mode. These prediction values, positioned at the locations (i, j) of the pixels of the current block on which they act, constitute a prediction block, the non-affected locations being assigned the value zero luminance.
- the residue block on which the discrete cosine transformation is applied is obtained, in the intra prediction mode, by the difference between the current luminance block and the intra-retained prediction block.
- a 16x16 current macroblock is divided into 4 8x8 blocks, into 16 4x4 blocks and a test of each of the intra coding modes is performed on each of the blocks.
- a known selection criterion is the debit-distortion-based a posteriori criterion, represented for example by the following equation:
- J sse + ⁇ • misses with sse, sum of the squared errors, ⁇ a coefficient and "misses" the exact number of bits used for the coding of a block.
- N is the size of the block to be encoded in number of rows or columns
- i and j the indices relating to the row and column of the block
- s y and r y the luminance values of the source current block and the decoded or reconstructed predicted block, indicates that the measurements are made on the luminance components.
- the decision algorithm relating to the choice of intra coding for the macroblock of size 16 ⁇ 16 is relatively simple and does not require significant computing power, the intra-tested modes being applied to the single macroblock. It is different from the 4x4 and 8x8 blocks, which must be rebuilt in order to exploit the neighboring blocks of the tested block.
- the calculation the criterion for selecting the coding mode of a block, the one giving the best rate / distortion compromise, must be made for all the prediction modes and is therefore very consumer in terms of computing power and processing time of central unity.
- the complexity of the calculations due in part to recursion problems, reduces the efficiency of the processing circuits or requires complex and expensive circuits to implement.
- One solution is to make two passes, a first pass based on a priori criterion to select the best predictors, for example a calculation of the SATD type, the acronym for Sum of Absolute Transform Differences and consisting of calculating, for a block of residuals relative to a predicted block, a transformation giving coefficients then the sum of the absolute value of these coefficients.
- a second pass makes it possible to refine the search by exploiting a more elaborate criterion for the modes selected during the first pass.
- This type of solution is however not satisfactory because it is always necessary to test the 9 prediction modes for 4x4 blocks and 8x8 blocks and the saving in terms of calculation cost or processing time is limited. , the treatment being done in two passes. The complexity is even greater for the "high profile" version.
- the subject of the invention is a method of coding an image sequence exploiting predictive intra-directional coding modes favoring different prediction directions, for the coding of a block of an image, characterized in that, for the determining the coding mode of a macroblock consisting of image blocks, it performs a preselection of the predictive directional intra-coding mode (s) of the blocks of the macroblock according to the following steps: - calculation of the activities gradient of a block in the directions prediction, preselection of the intra-directional coding mode or modes of the block whose directions correspond to the minimum value gradient activity or activities.
- the preselection is also performed on the intra-DC predictive coding mode, a DC activity is assigned to the block which is a weighted average of the gradient activities in the different prediction directions for the block and this mode is preselected. if the activity is less than the minimum value gradient activity.
- the coding modes also comprise inter-picture coding modes, a non-predictive intra coding mode and an intra-predictive DC coding mode.
- the step of calculating the gradient activity of a block is performed from a 2D convolution window moving in the block.
- the convolution windows for the different spatial directions, are as follows:
- the determination of the coding mode is carried out on the basis of a cost / distortion selection criterion.
- the method comprises
- a pre-analysis step for calculating each of the directional energies relative to each of the blocks of dimensions 4x4 and to each of the blocks of dimension 8x8 of the macroblock, a preselection step of predictive intra coding modes corresponding to the lowest power intra-directional encoding modes, for each of the 4x4 blocks and for each of the 8x8 blocks,
- a mode selection step for the macroblock as a function of the value of a selection criterion J calculated for the 16x16 macroblock taking into account the criteria calculated for the selected modes of the blocks constituting the macroblock, the minimum value defining the partitioning macroblock and intra partition modes of partitions.
- the cost / distortion selection criterion J is equal to:
- J sse + ⁇ • miss with sse, sum of the squared errors between the current block and the predicted block, ⁇ a coefficient and "misses" the exact number of bits used for the coding of a block.
- N is the size of the block to be encoded in number of rows or columns
- i and j the indices relating to the row and column of the block
- s y and r y the luminance values of the source current block and the decoded or reconstructed predicted block.
- the invention also relates to a coding device implementing the coding method of a previously described sequence of images, characterized in that it comprises a pre-analysis circuit for determining the coding mode of a macroblock, comprising a circuit for calculating block gradients of the macroblock.
- a pre-analysis circuit for determining the coding mode of a macroblock comprising a circuit for calculating block gradients of the macroblock.
- the idea of the invention is to determine, for a block, the direction corresponding to the highest energy, the intra mode chosen then being the one whose predicted block corresponds to this direction. Indeed, the probability of having a prediction closest to the block is greater in the direction of the least carrier of different information, ie the lowest energy. These energies are for example defined from the gradient values.
- Convolution windows are exploited, each window giving priority to a direction in the block corresponding to a direction among those relating to the intra coding modes proposed by the MPEG4 standard.
- FIG. 1 the different prediction modes for the intra coding of 4x4 blocks
- FIG. 2 a flow chart of the coding process.
- the coding method according to the invention implements an analysis algorithm which makes it possible to reduce the number of 4x4 predictors and
- 8x8 to test It is based on an analysis of gradients in different directions to determine a preferred direction of a block of pixels. To do this, one solution is to perform calculations from the following matrices. It is in fact 8 windows or 2D convolution cores defined according to the 8 directions previously described for the intra mode prediction, the DC mode being excluded. " 0 - 1 0 "" 0 0 0 "" 0 0 - 1 "" - 1 0 0 "
- the directional energies E 0 to E 8 are calculated according to the expression:
- I and j are the indexes of the pixels contained in the sub-partition or block to be encoded
- Y is the luminance value d is the index corresponding to the different prediction directions, 0 to 8 shown in Figure 1, * is the convolution operator.
- the lowest energy value E d which therefore corresponds to the lowest gradient activity in this direction d, defines the direction d and therefore the predictor to be used for calculating the intra coding. It is possible, rather than keeping only one predictor, to select p predictors giving the lowest energy values and then to test them in a conventional way, to keep only one.
- a first preselection algorithm consists in systematically selecting, from among these p predictors, that corresponding to the DC mode. For example, the histogram of the source block of the image giving the energy values E d of the block as a function of the intra prediction modes d is exploited by forcing the value of E 2 to zero. The probability of selecting the DC mode is indeed greater than that of the other modes during the implementation of the intra-coding mode decision algorithm, for example the rate / distortion optimization algorithm known under the RDO abortion employment".
- a good compromise between the number of calculations to be made and the loss caused by a lesser choice consists in preselecting the modes corresponding to the 3 lowest energies among the 9 available directions by imposing, among the 3 modes, the DC mode. Of these 3 modes, the one selected will be the one giving the lowest value of the selection criterion J.
- a second preselection algorithm consists in assigning a particular energy value to the DC mode. This value is chosen equal to the weighted average of all the modes in each direction, so except D 2 .
- This weighting for example of a coefficient 0.8125, calculated empirically, makes it possible to favor the DC mode when the directional energies have similar values, the probability of having a value E 2 lower than the other energies being more big. And, in the case of uniform energies, ie in the case where no clear orientation does not appear, the exploitation of the intra-DC prediction mode seems the most relevant.
- FIG. 2 represents a flowchart of the method according to the invention.
- a current macroblock, 16 ⁇ 16 pixels in size, of the image to be encoded is taken into account in step 1.
- a pre-analysis, step 2 is performed on this macroblock. This pre-analysis consists in calculating the directional energies
- E d including the energy E D c, as indicated above, on the 4 8x8 blocks and the 16 4x4 blocks composing the macroblock.
- the two directional prediction modes giving the lowest value of energy as well as the DC mode are for example chosen for each of the blocks, namely 4 x 3 predictions for the blocks of size 8x8 and 16 x 3 predictions for the size blocks 4x4.
- the next step 3 performs a calculation of the selection criterion J for each of the intra modes retained in the previous step, called modd.
- This step therefore provides a value of J for each of the 4 8x8 blocks and each of the 16 4x4 blocks of the macroblock.
- J (modd) sse (s, pred modd ) + ⁇ intra • block costmodd - sse is the sum of the squared errors, ie the squared differences, pixel by pixel, between the luminance of the pixels of the source block s and the predicted block pred m0 dd for the mode d.
- - blockcostmodd is the coding cost of the block for mode d, the parameter
- - ⁇ mtra is a predefined coefficient value for weighting the cost and coding distortion when coding in modd mode.
- This step then makes a selection of the modes d corresponding to the lowest value of J, ie a mode d for each of the 8x8 blocks and a mode d for each of the 4x4 blocks.
- step 4 recovers these 4 + 16 modes and the values of J associated with the selected modes d; It compares, in a first phase, the sum of the J values of the 16 4x4 blocks with that of the 4 8x8 blocks.
- the intra mode chosen for the macroblock, for this first phase, which defines both the partitioning of the macroblock and the block mode of the partition, is the one giving the lowest value of J for the whole macroblock.
- a second phase consists in comparing the intra mode thus selected and relating to the predictions on 4x4 or 8x8 blocks of the macroblock, to the 16x16 intra coding modes relating to the predictions on the entire 16x16 macroblock, in order to select the most inward coding mode. effective.
- a subsequent step consists in comparing again this mode of intra coding with the other coding modes implemented by the coder, such as inter-type coding modes, for the final choice of the coding mode of the coder. macroblock.
- the 16x16 predictive intra coding mode of the macroblock from the convolution windows and thus at the same time as the 4x4 and 8x8 predictive intra coding modes, by exploiting the windows corresponding to the horizontal and vertical directions in the macroblock. if only these directions are used, ie in the "high profile" version of the standard.
- the plan mode can be processed separately, for example by weighting the sum of the energies in the horizontal and vertical directions but less than for the DC mode.
- the invention also relates to a coding device implementing the coding method previously described.
- This device comprises a pre-analysis circuit for determining the intra coding mode of a macroblock.
- This circuit comprises means for calculating block gradients of the macroblock for performing the calculations of the gradient activities of the blocks in the different directions.
- the pre-analysis circuit preselects, for each block, for example the two intra-directional modes giving the lowest gradient activity as well as the intra-DC mode. It performs a conventional calculation based on the cost / distortion criterion, for these preselected modes, to determine the intra mode of the macroblock to compare with other modes implemented by the coder.
- the invention has been described for blocks of size 4x4 and 8x8 constituting a macroblock of size 16x16. However, it applies to any type of block whose size corresponds to one of the block sizes chosen for the definition of predictive intra-directional coding modes.
- the invention can equally well be applied to luminance blocks as to chrominance blocks.
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- Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0654652A FR2908007A1 (fr) | 2006-10-31 | 2006-10-31 | Procede de codage d'une sequence d'images |
PCT/EP2007/061571 WO2008052950A1 (fr) | 2006-10-31 | 2007-10-26 | Codage video avec selection du mode de codage intra |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2078424A1 true EP2078424A1 (fr) | 2009-07-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP07821931A Withdrawn EP2078424A1 (fr) | 2006-10-31 | 2007-10-26 | Codage video avec selection du mode de codage intra |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8325804B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2078424A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5065404B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101529916B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2908007A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008052950A1 (fr) |
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2006
- 2006-10-31 FR FR0654652A patent/FR2908007A1/fr active Pending
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2007
- 2007-10-26 EP EP07821931A patent/EP2078424A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-10-26 JP JP2009533872A patent/JP5065404B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-26 CN CN200780040296.8A patent/CN101529916B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-26 WO PCT/EP2007/061571 patent/WO2008052950A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-10-26 US US12/312,117 patent/US8325804B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2008052950A1 (fr) | 2008-05-08 |
US8325804B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 |
FR2908007A1 (fr) | 2008-05-02 |
CN101529916B (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
CN101529916A (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
JP5065404B2 (ja) | 2012-10-31 |
US20100054331A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
JP2010508684A (ja) | 2010-03-18 |
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