EP2062832B1 - Silo for granular material for storing and consequent metered dispensing into one or several transport vehicles - Google Patents

Silo for granular material for storing and consequent metered dispensing into one or several transport vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2062832B1
EP2062832B1 EP08151227A EP08151227A EP2062832B1 EP 2062832 B1 EP2062832 B1 EP 2062832B1 EP 08151227 A EP08151227 A EP 08151227A EP 08151227 A EP08151227 A EP 08151227A EP 2062832 B1 EP2062832 B1 EP 2062832B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mentioned
silo
bulk material
discharging
storing
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EP08151227A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2062832A1 (en
Inventor
Silvano Marin
Andrea Marin
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Agristrade SpA
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Agristrade SpA
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Publication date
Priority claimed from ITVR20070165 external-priority patent/ITVR20070165A1/en
Priority claimed from ITVR20070166 external-priority patent/ITVR20070166A1/en
Application filed by Agristrade SpA filed Critical Agristrade SpA
Priority to SI200830313T priority Critical patent/SI2062832T1/en
Priority to PL08151227T priority patent/PL2062832T3/en
Publication of EP2062832A1 publication Critical patent/EP2062832A1/en
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Publication of EP2062832B1 publication Critical patent/EP2062832B1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00Large containers
    • B65D88/26Hoppers, i.e. containers having funnel-shaped discharge sections
    • B65D88/28Construction or shape of discharge section
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/54Gates or closures
    • B65D90/58Gates or closures having closure members sliding in the plane of the opening
    • B65D90/587Gates or closures having closure members sliding in the plane of the opening having a linear motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/54Gates or closures
    • B65D90/64Gates or closures having multipart closure members, the parts being brought into closing position one by one according to need
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/54Gates or closures
    • B65D90/66Operating devices therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2590/00Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D2590/54Gates or closures
    • B65D2590/66Operating devices therefor
    • B65D2590/664Operating devices therefor actuating mechanism other than manual, e.g. pneumatic, electropneumatic, hydraulic, electromagnetic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a silo for storage and metered unloading by gravity of bulk material, in particular salt to prevent the formation of ice on roads, on a transport vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the unloading is done with different throughputs and exclusively by gravity without a forced movement of the bulk material.
  • a lower connecting element with a basically frusto-conical course.
  • silo for granules or similar media.
  • the silo consists of a vertically oriented cylindrical container, which merges on the bottom side in a downwardly frustoconically tapering mouth end The mouth end continues in a discharge nozzle, which has several outlet openings with pipe sockets for dispensing the medium
  • a wedge-like taper of the cylindrical outlet nozzle results in its basic form through side walls so that a floor remains as a narrow rectangular area.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a silo for storage and unloading of bulk material which overcomes or minimizes the disadvantages described above.
  • an object of the present invention is, in particular, to provide a silo for storing and unloading bulk material which is capable of quickly discharging the bulk material so as to allow immediate distribution of the salt on the road enable.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a silo that allows efficient and even unloading of the bulk material onto the means of transport, distributing the bulk material over the entire surface of the means of transport without having to move the truck during the loading process.
  • a silo according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the container has an upper container part with a basically circular cross-section, while the underlying Entladekorpus the shape of a truncated cone having downwardly decreasing cross-section, and in that the outlet device is in the form of a connecting element with increasing cross-section to the bottom between the lower part of said discharge body and the elongate outlet unit, said outlet unit being longer than the diameter of the lower part of the discharge body ,
  • the silo 1 consists of a container 2, which typically supports on a frame 3.
  • the container 2 consists of an upper container part 2a with a basically circular cross-section (so that practically a cylindrical body is formed) as well as a fundamentally frusto-conical take-off body 2b arranged below it, with a decreasing cross-section.
  • the silo also has filling aids of known type for filling the container 2 with the bulk material to be stored as well as discharge aids 4 for discharging the bulk material onto the transport vehicles 100.
  • the silo 1 comprises an outlet device 5, consisting of a connecting element 6 which extends between the container Seen in detail, the elongated outlet unit 7 may have in its longitudinal course 101 a plurality of outlet openings 8, which may change between a closing and at least one opening state: As explained in more detail below is, the state of the individual outlet openings 8 is independent of the state of the remaining outlet openings 8 variable.
  • the connecting element 6 is designed so that the outlet unit 7 is longer than the diameter of the lower part 2c, while their cross section should preferably be smaller than this diameter.
  • the change between the closed state and the different opening states is first effected by operating the discharge aids 4. More specifically, and with reference to FIG Figure 4 ,
  • the discharge aids 4 may consist of perforated plates 31 and 32, whose movement is controlled so that at least a first and a second opening state of the outlet unit 7 can be generated.
  • the two plates 31 and 32 are connected to an actuating element 33 and together with this form a discharge unit.
  • the perforated plates 31 and 32 are provided with holes 34 and arranged one above the other.
  • One of the two plates (designated as number 31) is fixed while the other plate 32 of the discharge unit is movable and moved by means of the actuating element 33.
  • the fixed plate 31 is fixedly mounted in and closes the outlet unit 7, while the movable plate 32 is supported so as to be slidable in parallel with the fixed plate.
  • the movable plate 32 by the actuation of the actuator 33, assume a starting position in which the holes 34 of the two plates 31 and 32 are not superimposed and a plurality of intermediate positions in which the holes 34 of the two plates 31 and 32 are partially superimposed and an end position in which the holes 34 of the two plates 31 and 32 completely overlie each other, so that the removal rate of the bulk material can be varied depending on the amount of bulk material to be unloaded and optionally on the properties of the means of transport.
  • the holes 34 of the two plates 31 and 32 form no passage for the bulk material and the outlet unit 7 is sealed.
  • the holes 34 of the two plates 31 and 32 lie on each other and form the largest possible passage opening for the bulk material, the outlet device 7 has the largest removal capacity in this position.
  • passage openings are formed with intermediate diameters, by means of which the removal of the bulk material can be metered through the outlet unit 7 and in particular through the outlet openings 8.
  • the choice of the respective position depends on the amount of bulk material to be unloaded, on the grain size of the bulk material to be unloaded and on the time available for filling, and can be varied as a function of the desired discharge speed
  • the actuator 33 is equipped with a linear actuator, which may advantageously consist of a hydraulically driven piston on the Container 2 is attached
  • a linear actuator which may advantageously consist of a hydraulically driven piston on the Container 2 is attached
  • the free end of the piston is connected to the movable plate 32 to move this movable plate 32, by extension and retraction in the starting position, the intermediate positions and the end position.
  • FIG 4 is schematically (number 21) a safety device, preferably a pressure accumulator, shown such safety devices are known and their purpose is, in case of power failure or emergency, release the pressure stored in them and deliver to the piston 33 to the movable plate 32 immediately in to bring the starting position.
  • a safety device preferably a pressure accumulator, shown such safety devices are known and their purpose is, in case of power failure or emergency, release the pressure stored in them and deliver to the piston 33 to the movable plate 32 immediately in to bring the starting position.
  • each outlet opening 8 is associated with a striking plate 10, which can be moved between a closed position of the respective outlet opening 8 and at least one opening position in which it does not close the passage opening of the outlet opening 8.
  • the function of the strike plates 10 is - even if the overlapping of the holes 34, the different passage openings are formed, i. in the case of escaping or ready-to-take bulk material - acting locally on the outlet openings 8 and adapting the passage cross-section of the outlet unit 7 to the size of the transport vehicles 100.
  • the striking plates 10 can be actuated automatically by the discharge aids (eg by the linear actuators 33a), but they can also be moved by hand.
  • the option of automatically actuating the striking plates 10 proves to be particularly advantageous in the case of self-service silos 1 and, in general, when the withdrawals are frequently made with means of transport of different sizes and different capacities.
  • the discharge aids in particular the linear actuators 33a
  • the striker plates 10 can be connected to the linear actuators 33a, which are able to facilitate the movement of the striker plates, to be automatically adapted to the dimensions of the transport vehicles.
  • silo allows discharge of the bulk material only by gravity, i. without the use of mechanical aids in the form of carriages, racks or the like, whereby a significant cost savings both in terms of construction costs and in terms of the cost of the completion of the removal operations is achieved and the leakage of the bulk material is guaranteed even under the most difficult conditions.
  • the silo 1 can be equipped with devices for detecting the correct position of the means of transport 100, which check whether the vehicle body is positioned so that the bulk material flowing out of the elongated outlet unit 7 passes completely into the vehicle body, whereby the risk of overflowing and of material loss is excluded.
  • the present invention also relates to a system for controlling the discharge of bulk material from the silo.
  • the well-known system for controlling the delivery of bulk material from a silo provides that the user drives with his truck to the silo place and his vehicle is parked there so that the truck body is located below the bulk material outlet The user then exits the driver's cab and goes to a column where the interface for transferring the data to the control system is located; this column is usually provided with an operator keyboard and a screen, so that the user can enter his identification code and, after being recognized by the system, can request the delivery of the desired bulk quantity. After loading the truck with the bulk material, the user climbs back into the driver's cab and leaves the silo place.
  • the recognition of the user is not done by entering a code number on a keyboard attached to the column, but by means of a non-contact recognition device (eg chip card), which is also mounted on a column.
  • a non-contact recognition device eg chip card
  • the additional object of the present invention is a system to provide for the control of the delivery of bulk material from the silo, which is able to remedy these drawbacks or reduce as much as possible.
  • a purpose of this invention is, in particular, to provide a system for controlling the discharge of bulk material from the silo, which makes it possible to simplify and, above all, to speed up the recognition of the user (especially in systems with possible self-service) and the Selecting the amount of bulk material to be delivered to the user more pleasant
  • a system for controlling the discharge of bulk material from a silo with controls to control the discharge of bulk material from the silo.
  • the aforesaid system is characterized by the fact that it includes wireless remote data transmission devices owned by the user and able to remotely connect with the above mentioned control instruments to these control instruments To provide information about the user's identification code and the bulk quantities requested by the user.
  • the system according to the invention provides that the devices for remote data transmission include a recording body with keyboard, which is in the possession of the user and is able to send data wirelessly to the control instruments, which in turn with at least one visible to the user display device for information about the operations in progress.
  • the devices for remote data transmission include a recording body with keyboard, which is in the possession of the user and is able to send data wirelessly to the control instruments, which in turn with at least one visible to the user display device for information about the operations in progress.
  • a system for controlling the discharge of bulk material from a silo 102 comprises control instruments 103, typically located in a control panel 104 located in the vicinity of the silo 102 and thus the discharge area, and to control the discharge of bulk material from the silo 102 into the superstructure 105a of the truck 105.
  • the control system 101 includes wireless remote data transmission devices 6 owned by a user 107 and capable of establishing a remote connection with the control instruments 103 for providing to these control instruments 103 information regarding the identification code of the user 107 and the user 107 requested quantity of bulk material.
  • the remote data transmission devices 106 first include a receiving body 106a having a keyboard 106b in the user's possession and being capable of data wirelessly when the user 107 operates the keys, and typically with the aid of a radio wave transmitting / receiving system to send the control instruments 103.
  • the control instruments 103 are connected to at least one, for the user 107 visible display device 108 for information on the operations in progress This display device can be arranged so that it is visible from the cab of the truck 105, if this with his Structure is positioned correctly below the bulk material outlet openings of the silo 102.
  • the control system 101 should desirably be equipped with trucks 105 correct position detection devices which check that the truck 105 is positioned so that the body 105a is below the outlet 102a of the silo 102.
  • the devices for remote data transmission 106 can of course also consist in a data input device with display, which is in the possession of the user 107 and capable of wireless data (eg, via radio) to the control instruments 103 to transfer.
  • the control instruments 103 are capable of generating a pseudorandom test routine that can be displayed on the display device 108 and includes numerous feedback responses that are queried at the user 107 to enable the unloading process; these control instruments are also typically equipped with a receiver capable of verifying the feedback provided by the user 107 via the keyboard 106.
  • the pseudorandom routine generated by the control instruments 103 advantageously provides that the user 107 all for the execution of the subsequent operations must operate buttons, in particular those for the selection of the desired amount of the discharged bulk material.
  • the remote data transmission devices are able to send data to the recognition code of the user 107 to the control instruments 103 simultaneously with the transmission of the individual data to the processes being executed. This allows the control instruments to exclusively release the receipt of data from the user who initiated the control system 101.
  • control instruments 103 it has proved to be extremely advantageous to design the aforementioned control instruments 103 so that they are able to change from an inoperative to an operational state as soon as they - at the moment in which the user 107 his vehicle positioned in the vicinity of the silo 102 and has pressed any key on the keyboard 106 - which has received recognition data from the remote data transmission instruments 106.
  • the control system immediately checks, based on an analysis of the data stored in the control instruments 103, whether the obtained recognition code authorizes the unloading of bulk material from the silo 102.
  • control instruments change to the ready state and establish a connection the remote data transmission instruments 106 to generate / verify the pseudorandom routine and thus send / receive data regarding the amount of bulk material to be dispensed.
  • the control instruments 103 will be able to perform on all to check whether the data associated with the aforementioned pending command matches the detection data which caused the last change of the control instruments 103 from the non-operational to the operative state.
  • control instruments 103 are capable of switching from the operative to the inoperative state if they do not receive data from the remote data transmission devices 106 within a preset period of time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)

Abstract

The silo (1) has a container (2) supported on a supporting structure, where an upper part of the container has a circular cross section. Filling aids are provided for filling the container with bulk goods to be stored. Delivery aids (4) e.g. linear actuator, deliver the bulk goods from the container to a transport vehicle (100). An outlet device (5) is in form of a connecting element (6) and has a cross section between a lower part of an unloading body and an outlet unit (7), where the cross section increases towards a base. The delivery aids open and close the outlet unit. An independent claim is also included for a system for controlling the delivery of bulk goods from a silo.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Silo zur Lagerung und zum dosierten Entladen mittels Schwerkraft von Schüttgut, insbesondere von Salz zur Vermeidung der Eisbildung auf Straßen, auf ein Transportfahrzeug nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Das Entladen erfolgt mit unterschiedlichem Durchsatz und ausschließlich mittels Schwerkraft ohne eine Zwangsbewegung des Schüttguts.The present invention relates to a silo for storage and metered unloading by gravity of bulk material, in particular salt to prevent the formation of ice on roads, on a transport vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1. The unloading is done with different throughputs and exclusively by gravity without a forced movement of the bulk material.

Heutzutage kommen häufig Silos mit kreisförmigem Behälterquerschnitt (d.h. zylinderförmige Silos) zum Einsatz, wobei der Behälter auf einem Rahmengestell lagert, so dass er sich so weit über dem Erdboden befindet, dass die Transportfahrzeuge (LKW mit entsprechendem Aufbau) unter den Behälter einfahren können und das im Behälter befindliche Schüttgut über eine spezielle Auslasseinheit in den Aufbau des LKW eingefüllt werden kann.Today silos with a circular container cross section (ie cylindrical silos) are often used, the container being stored on a frame so that it is so far above the ground that the transport vehicles (trucks with a corresponding structure) can enter under the container and the Bulk material in the container can be filled via a special outlet unit in the structure of the truck.

Typischerweise befindet sich zwischen dem oberen Teil dieser Silos (die wie oben erwähnt einen grundsätzlich zylindrischen Querschnitt aufweisen) und der Auslasseinheit ein unteres Verbindungselement mit grundsätzlich kegelstumpfförmigem Verlauf.Typically, between the upper part of these silos (which, as mentioned above, have a basically cylindrical cross-section) and the outlet unit is a lower connecting element with a basically frusto-conical course.

Einer der größten Nachteile dieser Siloart liegt darin, dass das Entladen des Schüttguts, wie bereits erwähnt, durch eine kreisförmige (in der Regel kleine) Auslasseinheit erfolgt, was zur Konzentration des entladenen Schüttguts an einer einzigen Stelle des LKW führt. Um das Schüttgut über die gesamte Länge des LKW-Aufbaus zu verteilen, muss der LKW folglich während des Beladevorgangs unter dem Silo bewegt werdenOne of the biggest drawbacks of this type of silo is that the unloading of the bulk material, as already mentioned, takes place through a circular (usually small) outlet unit, which leads to the concentration of the discharged bulk material at a single point of the truck. In order to distribute the bulk material over the entire length of the truck body, the truck must therefore be moved under the silo during the loading process

Ein weiterer Nachteil der oben beschriebenen Silos besteht darin, dass während des Entladevorgangs, insbesondere bei hohen Entladegeschwindigkeiten, nicht selten Brücken aus verdichtetem Schüttgut entstehen, die zur Bildung von Hohlräumen führen Herabfallendes Schüttgut kann dann in bestimmten Fällen im Inneren des Behälters derartige Unterdrücke erzeugen, dass die Dichtheit der Struktur als solche gefährdet ist.Another disadvantage of the silos described above is that not infrequently bridges of compacted bulk material arise during the unloading process, especially at high discharge rates, which lead to the formation of cavities. Falling bulk material may then in certain cases produce such negative pressures inside the container the tightness of the structure as such is endangered.

In zunehmendem Maße können die Lagerflächen, auf denen derartige Silos aufgestellt werden, darüber hinaus auch-von verschiedenartigen Transportfahrzeugen, die unterschiedlichen, mit dem Einsatz im Bedarfsfall beauftragten Körperschaften oder Verwaltungen angehören, angefahren werden (Entnahme des Schüttguts im Selbstbedienungsverfahren). Insbesondere bei Selbstbedienungs-Anlagen erweist es sich daher als besonders wichtig, dass die Entnahmevorgänge schnell und flexibel ablaufen, d.h. dass sie an unterschiedliche Transportfahrzeuge, die an das Silo heranfahren, angepasst werden können.Increasingly, the storage areas on which such silos are placed, moreover, also of various transport vehicles, the different, with to the use of bodies or administrations in case of need, are approached (removal of the bulk material in the self-service procedure). Particularly in the case of self-service systems, it therefore proves to be particularly important that the removal processes take place quickly and flexibly, ie that they can be adapted to different transport vehicles that are approaching the silo.

Aus der Schrift EP 950 622 B1 ist ein Silo nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 bekannt.From the Scriptures EP 950 622 B1 a silo according to the preamble of claim 1 is known.

Aus dem deutschen Gebrauchsmuster DE 83 26 788 U1 ist ein Silo für Granulate oder ähnliche Medien bekannt. Das Silo besteht aus einem vertikal ausgerichteten zylindrischen Behälter, der bodenseitig in ein sich nach unten kegelstumpfförmig verjüngendes Mündungsende übergeht Das Mündungsende setzt sich in einen Auslaufstutzen fort, der zur Ausgabe des Mediums mehrere Auslauföffnungen mit Rohrstutzen aufweist Eine keilartige Verjüngung des in seiner Grundform zylindrischen Auslaufstutzens ergibt sich durch Seitenwände so, dass ein Boden als schmale Rechteckfläche verbleibt.From the German utility model DE 83 26 788 U1 a silo is known for granules or similar media. The silo consists of a vertically oriented cylindrical container, which merges on the bottom side in a downwardly frustoconically tapering mouth end The mouth end continues in a discharge nozzle, which has several outlet openings with pipe sockets for dispensing the medium A wedge-like taper of the cylindrical outlet nozzle results in its basic form through side walls so that a floor remains as a narrow rectangular area.

Problematisch an diesem Auslaufstutzen ist, dass er sich kontinuierlich verjüngt und dadurch zunehmend Rückhaltekräfte auf das Granulat ausübt. Um den Fluss des Granulats dennoch aufrecht zu erhalten, sind komplizierte Einbauten wie Leitkegel und Kanäle erforderlich. Eine Teilaufgabe der Erfindung ist es, solche Einbauten zu vermeiden und dennoch einen ungestörten Ablauf des Granulats zu ermöglichen,The problem with this spout is that it is continuously tapered and thus increasingly exerts restraining forces on the granules. Nevertheless, to maintain the flow of granules, complex installations such as traffic cones and channels are required. A subtask of the invention is to avoid such internals and still allow an undisturbed flow of the granules,

Aus einem weiteren Stand der Technik gemäß dem deutschen Patent DE 1116 157 C ist ein konisch erweiterter Fassraum bekannt, an den sich Auslaufschurren nach unten anschließen. Die Ausläufe der Schurren weisen jeweils einen rechteckigen Querschnitt auf, wobei die vier Ecken des Auslaufs nicht vom Fassraum verdeckt werden. Der Querschnitt der Auslaufschurren nimmt deutlich ab im Vergleich zum unteren Querschnitt des Fassraums.From a further prior art according to the German patent DE 1116 157 C is a conically extended barrel space known to join the chutes down. The outlets of the chutes each have a rectangular cross-section, wherein the four corners of the spout are not covered by the barrel space. The cross section of the outlet chutes decreases significantly compared to the lower cross section of the barrel space.

Die Hauptaufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein Silo zur Lagerung und zum Entladen von Schüttgut bereitzustellen, das die oben beschriebenen Nachteile behebt oder weitestmöglich reduziert. Im Rahmen dieser Aufgabenstellung besteht ein Ziel der vorliegenden Ereindung insbesondere darin, ein Silo zur Lagerung und zum Entladen von Schüttgut zur Verfügung zu stellen, das in der Lage ist, das Schüttgut schnell zu entladen, um so eine sofortige Verteilung des Salzes auf der Straße zu ermöglichen.The main object of the present invention is to provide a silo for storage and unloading of bulk material which overcomes or minimizes the disadvantages described above. In the context of this task, an object of the present invention is, in particular, to provide a silo for storing and unloading bulk material which is capable of quickly discharging the bulk material so as to allow immediate distribution of the salt on the road enable.

Ein weiteres Ziel dieser Erfindung besteht darin, ein Silo vorzustellen, das ein effizientes und gleichmäßiges Entladen des Schüttguts auf die Transportmittel ermöglicht, wobei das Schüttgut auf der gesamten Fläche des Transportmittels verteilt wird, ohne dass der LKW während des Beladevorgangs bewegt werden muss Nicht zuletzt ist es Ziel dieser Erfindung, ein Silo zur Lagerung und zum Entladen von Schüttgut vorzustellen, das in der Lage ist, das Entladen von Schüttgut auf Fahrzeuge unterschiedlicher Größen und Ausmaße zu optimieren und dabei insbesondere ein Verdichten des Schüttguts im Bereich der Auslasseinheit zu verhindern.Another object of this invention is to provide a silo that allows efficient and even unloading of the bulk material onto the means of transport, distributing the bulk material over the entire surface of the means of transport without having to move the truck during the loading process. Last but not least It is an object of this invention to provide a silo for storage and unloading of bulk material, which is able to optimize the unloading of bulk material to vehicles of different sizes and dimensions, and in particular to prevent compression of the bulk material in the region of the outlet unit.

Diese Aufgabenstellung sowie diese und weitere Vorteile, die im folgenden ausführlicher behandelt werden, werden bei einem Silo nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 dadurch erreicht, dass der Behälter einen oberen Behälterteil mit einem grundsätzlich kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweist, während der darunter befindliche Entladekorpus die Form eines Kegelstumpfs mit nach unten abnehmendem Querschnitt besitzt, und dass die Auslassvorrichtung in Form eines Verbindungselements mit in Richtung zum Boden zunehmendem Querschnitt zwischen dem unteren Teil des erwähnten Entladekorpus und der länglichen Auslasseinheit ausgebildet ist, wobei die erwähnte Auslasseinheit länger ist als der Durchmesser des unteren Teils des Entladekorpus.This object and these and other advantages, which are discussed in more detail below, are achieved in a silo according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the container has an upper container part with a basically circular cross-section, while the underlying Entladekorpus the shape of a truncated cone having downwardly decreasing cross-section, and in that the outlet device is in the form of a connecting element with increasing cross-section to the bottom between the lower part of said discharge body and the elongate outlet unit, said outlet unit being longer than the diameter of the lower part of the discharge body ,

Weitere Eigenschaften und Vorteile der Erfindung gehen aus der Beschreibung einiger bevorzugter, aber nicht ausschließlicher Ausführungsformen eines erfindungsgemäßen Silos zur Lagerung und zum dosierten Entladen mittels Schwerkraft von Schüttgut hervor, welche beispielhaft und nicht einschränkend in den beiliegenden Zeichnungen dargestellt sind, von denen:

Abbildung 1
eine schematische Frontalaufsicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Silos zeigt;
Abbildung 2
eine Untenansicht des Silos zur Lagerung und zum Entladen von Schüttgut zeigt;
Abbildung 3
eine seitliche Aufsicht in vergrößertem Maßstab des unteren Teils des erfin- dungsgemäßen Silos mit einem Transportmittel zeigt;
Abbildung 4
eine teilweise transparente Übersicht des Verbindungselements zeigt; und
Abbildung 5
eine Skizze des ebenfalls erfindungsgemäßen Steuersystems darstellt.
Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of some preferred but not exclusive embodiments of a silo for storage and metered discharge by means of gravity of bulk material according to the invention, illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the accompanying drawings, in which:
illustration 1
a schematic frontal view of a silo according to the invention;
Figure 2
shows a bottom view of the silo for storage and unloading of bulk material;
Figure 3
shows a side elevation on an enlarged scale of the lower part of the silo according to the invention with a means of transport;
Figure 4
shows a partially transparent overview of the connecting element; and
Figure 5
a sketch of the control system also according to the invention represents.

Bei den im Folgenden dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen können einzelne, bestimmten Beispielen zugeordnete Eigenschaften in der tatsächlichen Ausführung durch andere Eigenschaften ersetzt werden, die in anderen Ausführungsbeispielen enthalten sind. Die oben erwähnten Abbildungen zeigen eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des in seiner Gesamtheit als Nummer 1 bezeichneten Silos zur Lagerung und zum dosierten Entladen mittels Schwerkraft von Schüttgut, insbesondere von Salz zur Vermeidung von Eisbildung auf Straßen, auf ein Transportfahrzeug 100.In the embodiments presented below, individual properties associated with particular examples in the actual embodiment may be replaced by other properties contained in other embodiments. The above-mentioned figures show a preferred embodiment of the silo designated in its entirety as number 1 for the storage and metered discharge by means of gravity of bulk material, in particular of salt to avoid ice formation on roads, on a transport vehicle 100.

Unter besonderer Bezugnahme auf die abgebildeten Ausführungsformen, besteht das Silo 1 aus einen Behälter 2, der typischerweise auf einem Rahmengestell 3 lagert.With particular reference to the illustrated embodiments, the silo 1 consists of a container 2, which typically supports on a frame 3.

Der Behälter 2 besteht aus einem oberen Behälterteil 2a mit grundsätzlich kreisförmigem Querschnitt (so dass praktisch ein zylindrischer Körper entsteht) sowie aus einem darunter angeordneten, grundsätzlich kegelstumpfförmigen Entnahmekorpus 2b mit nach unten abnehmendem Querschnitt. Das Silo verfügt darüber hinaus über Befüllhilfen bekannter Art zum Befüllen des Behälters 2 mit dem zu lagernden Schüttgut sowie über Austragshilfen 4 zum Austragen des Schüttguts auf die Transportfahrzeuge 100 Erfindungsgemäß beinhaltet das Silo 1 eine Auslassvorrichtung 5, bestehend aus einem Verbindungselement 6, das sich zwischen dem unteren Teil 2c des unten angeordneten Entnahmekorpus 2b und der länglichen Auslasseinheit 7 befindet, Im Detail betrachtet, kann die längliche Auslasseinheit 7 in ihrem Längsverlauf 101 mehrere Auslassöffnungen 8 aufweisen, die zwischen einem Schließ- und mindestens einem Öffnungszustand wechseln können: Wie im Folgenden näher ausgeführt wird, ist der Zustand der einzelnen Auslassöffnungen 8 unabhängig vom Zustand der übrigen Auslassöffnungen 8 veränderbar. Entsprechend einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform, die unter anderem aus der Übersichtszeichnung in Abbildung 4 hervorgeht, ist das Verbindungselement 6 so gestaltet, dass die Auslasseinheit 7 länger ist als der Durchmesser des unteren Teils 2c, während ihr Querschnitt vorzugsweise kleiner als dieser Durchmesser sein sollte.The container 2 consists of an upper container part 2a with a basically circular cross-section (so that practically a cylindrical body is formed) as well as a fundamentally frusto-conical take-off body 2b arranged below it, with a decreasing cross-section. The silo also has filling aids of known type for filling the container 2 with the bulk material to be stored as well as discharge aids 4 for discharging the bulk material onto the transport vehicles 100. According to the invention, the silo 1 comprises an outlet device 5, consisting of a connecting element 6 which extends between the container Seen in detail, the elongated outlet unit 7 may have in its longitudinal course 101 a plurality of outlet openings 8, which may change between a closing and at least one opening state: As explained in more detail below is, the state of the individual outlet openings 8 is independent of the state of the remaining outlet openings 8 variable. According to a preferred embodiment, which inter alia from the overview drawing in Figure 4 is apparent, the connecting element 6 is designed so that the outlet unit 7 is longer than the diameter of the lower part 2c, while their cross section should preferably be smaller than this diameter.

Der Wechsel zwischen dem geschlossenen Zustand und den verschiedenen Öffnungszuständen erfolgt zunächst durch Betätigen der Austragshilfen 4. Genauer betrachtet, und unter Bezugnahme auf Abbildung 4, können die Austragshilfen 4 aus Lochplatten 31 und 32 bestehen, deren Bewegung so steuerbar ist, dass mindestens ein erster und ein zweiter Öffnungszustand der Auslasseinheit 7 erzeugt werden können. Die beiden Platten 31 und 32 sind mit einem Betätigungselement 33 verbunden und bilden zusammen mit diesem eine Austragseinheit.The change between the closed state and the different opening states is first effected by operating the discharge aids 4. More specifically, and with reference to FIG Figure 4 , The discharge aids 4 may consist of perforated plates 31 and 32, whose movement is controlled so that at least a first and a second opening state of the outlet unit 7 can be generated. The two plates 31 and 32 are connected to an actuating element 33 and together with this form a discharge unit.

Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Lochplatten 31 und 32 mit Löchern 34 versehen und übereinander angeordnet Eine der beiden Platten (die als Nummer 31 bezeichnete) ist feststehend, während die andere Platte 32 der Austragseinheit beweglich ist und mittels des Betätigungselements 33 bewegt wird.Conveniently, the perforated plates 31 and 32 are provided with holes 34 and arranged one above the other. One of the two plates (designated as number 31) is fixed while the other plate 32 of the discharge unit is movable and moved by means of the actuating element 33.

Die feststehende Platte 31 ist ortsfest in der Auslasseinheit 7 angebracht und verschließt diese, während die bewegliche Platte 32 so gelagert ist, dass sie parallel zur unbeweglichen Platte verschiebbar ist.The fixed plate 31 is fixedly mounted in and closes the outlet unit 7, while the movable plate 32 is supported so as to be slidable in parallel with the fixed plate.

Auf diese Weise kann die bewegliche Platte 32, durch die Betätigung des Betätigungselements 33, eine Ausgangsposition einnehmen, in der die Löcher 34 der beiden Platten 31 und 32 nicht übereinanderliegen sowie mehrere Zwischenpositionen, in denen die Löcher 34 der beiden Platten 31 und 32 teilweise übereinanderliegen und eine Endposition, in der die Löcher 34 der beiden Platten 31 und 32 vollständig übereinanderliegen, so dass die Entnahmegeschwindigkeit des Schüttguts beliebig in Abhängigkeit von der zu entladenden Schüttgutmenge und gegebenenfalls von den Eigenschaften des Transportmittels, variiert werden kann.In this way, the movable plate 32, by the actuation of the actuator 33, assume a starting position in which the holes 34 of the two plates 31 and 32 are not superimposed and a plurality of intermediate positions in which the holes 34 of the two plates 31 and 32 are partially superimposed and an end position in which the holes 34 of the two plates 31 and 32 completely overlie each other, so that the removal rate of the bulk material can be varied depending on the amount of bulk material to be unloaded and optionally on the properties of the means of transport.

Wenn die Platten 31 und 32 sich in den Zwischenpositionen bzw in der Endposition befinden, bilden sie praktisch die Durchlassöffnungen 8, die es ermöglichen, das Schüttgut nicht konzentriert an einer Stelle, sondern entlang der gesamten (oder, wie im Folgenden erläutert werden wird, teilweisen) Länge der Auslasseinheit 7 zu entnehmen.When the plates 31 and 32 are in the intermediate positions or in the final position, they form practically the passage openings 8, which make it possible for the bulk material to be concentrated not in one place but in the entire (or, as will be explained in the following) partial ) To take the length of the outlet unit 7.

In der Ausgangsposition bilden die Löcher 34 der beiden Platten 31 und 32 keinerlei Durchlassöffnung für das Schüttgut und die Auslasseinheit 7 ist dicht verschlossen. In der Endposition liegen die Löcher 34 der beiden Platten 31 und 32 aufeinander und bilden die größtmögliche Durchlassöffnung für das Schüttgut, die Auslassvorrichtung 7 weist in dieser Stellung die größte Entnahmekapazität auf.In the starting position, the holes 34 of the two plates 31 and 32 form no passage for the bulk material and the outlet unit 7 is sealed. In the end position, the holes 34 of the two plates 31 and 32 lie on each other and form the largest possible passage opening for the bulk material, the outlet device 7 has the largest removal capacity in this position.

In den Zwischenpositionen werden Durchlassöffnungen mit Zwischendurchmessern gebildet, mittels derer die Entnahme des Schüttguts durch die Auslasseinheit 7 und insbesondere durch die Auslassöffnungen 8 dosiert werden kann.In the intermediate positions passage openings are formed with intermediate diameters, by means of which the removal of the bulk material can be metered through the outlet unit 7 and in particular through the outlet openings 8.

Die Wahl der jeweiligem Position hängt von der Menge des zu entladenden Schüttguts, von der Körnung des zu entladenden Schüttguts sowie von der für die Befüllung zur Verfügung stehenden Zeit ab und kann in Abhängigkeit von der gewünschten Entladegeschwindigkeit verändert werdenThe choice of the respective position depends on the amount of bulk material to be unloaded, on the grain size of the bulk material to be unloaded and on the time available for filling, and can be varied as a function of the desired discharge speed

Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Betätigungselement 33 mit einem linearen Stellglied ausgestattet, das vorteilhafterweise aus einem hydraulisch angetriebenen Kolben bestehen kann, der am Behälter 2 befestigt ist Das freie Ende des Kolbens ist mit der beweglichen Platte 32 verbunden, um diese bewegliche Platte 32, durch Aus- und Einfahren in die Ausgangsstellung, die Zwischenstellungen und die Endstellung zu bewegen.Conveniently, the actuator 33 is equipped with a linear actuator, which may advantageously consist of a hydraulically driven piston on the Container 2 is attached The free end of the piston is connected to the movable plate 32 to move this movable plate 32, by extension and retraction in the starting position, the intermediate positions and the end position.

In Abbildung 4 ist schematisch (Nummer 21) eine Sicherheitsvorrichtung, vorzugsweise ein Druckspeicher, dargestellt Derartige Sicherheitsvorrichtungen sind bekannt und ihr Zweck besteht darin, bei Stromausfall oder im Notfall, den in ihnen gespeicherten Druck freizugeben und an den Kolben 33 abzugeben, um die bewegliche Platte 32 unverzüglich in die Ausgangsstellung zu bringen.In Figure 4 is schematically (number 21) a safety device, preferably a pressure accumulator, shown such safety devices are known and their purpose is, in case of power failure or emergency, release the pressure stored in them and deliver to the piston 33 to the movable plate 32 immediately in to bring the starting position.

Ein weiterer, besonders wichtiger Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, dass jeder Auslassöffnung 8 ein Schließblech 10 zugeordnet ist, das zwischen einer Schließposition der jeweiligen Auslassöffnung 8 und mindestens einer Öffnungsposition, in der es die Durchlassöffnung der Auslassöffnung 8 nicht verschließt, verschoben werden kann. Die Funktion der Schließbleche 10 besteht darin - auch wenn durch die Überlappung der Löcher 34 die unterschiedlichen Durchlassöffnungen gebildet werden, d.h. bei austretendem oder zur Entnahme bereitem Schüttgut - lokal auf die Auslassöffnungen 8 einzuwirken und den Durchlassquerschnitt der Auslasseinheit 7 an die Größe der Transportfahrzeuge 100 anzupassen, Die Schließbleche 10 können automatisch durch die Austragshilfen betätigt werden (z.B. durch die linearen Stellglieder 33a), sie können jedoch auch von Hand bewegt werden.Another, particularly important aspect of the present invention is that each outlet opening 8 is associated with a striking plate 10, which can be moved between a closed position of the respective outlet opening 8 and at least one opening position in which it does not close the passage opening of the outlet opening 8. The function of the strike plates 10 is - even if the overlapping of the holes 34, the different passage openings are formed, i. in the case of escaping or ready-to-take bulk material - acting locally on the outlet openings 8 and adapting the passage cross-section of the outlet unit 7 to the size of the transport vehicles 100. The striking plates 10 can be actuated automatically by the discharge aids (eg by the linear actuators 33a), but they can also be moved by hand.

In diesem Zusammenhang erweist sich die Option der automatischen Betätigung der Schließbleche 10 als besonders vorteilhaft im Falle von Silos 1 mit Selbstbedienung sowie, im Allgemeinen, wenn die Entnahmen häufig mit Transportmitteln unterschiedlicher Größe und unterschiedlichen Fassungsvermögens erfolgen. In diesem Fall bringen die Austragshilfen (insbesondere die linearen Stellglieder 33a) - nachdem die Art des Transportfahrzeugs 100, welches die Entnahme des Schüttguts angefordert hat, mittels grundsätzlich bekannter Technologien erkannt und identifiziert wurde - die Schließbleche 10 in die Schließ- oder Öffnungsposition, um den Entnahmequerschnitt automatisch an die Maße der Transportfahrzeuge anzupassen, Wie in der Übersichtszeichnung 4 schematisch dargestellt, können die Schließbleche 10 mit den linearen Stellgliedern 33a, welche in der Lage sind, die Bewegung der Schließbleche zu ermöglichen, verbunden werden.In this connection, the option of automatically actuating the striking plates 10 proves to be particularly advantageous in the case of self-service silos 1 and, in general, when the withdrawals are frequently made with means of transport of different sizes and different capacities. In this case, after the type of transport vehicle 100 which requested the removal of the bulk material has been recognized and identified by means of basically known technologies, the discharge aids (in particular the linear actuators 33a) bring the strike plates 10 into the closed or open position to the As shown schematically in the overview drawing 4, the striker plates 10 can be connected to the linear actuators 33a, which are able to facilitate the movement of the striker plates, to be automatically adapted to the dimensions of the transport vehicles.

Die Funktionsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Silos zur Lagerung und zum dosierten Entladen mittels Schwerkraft von Schüttgut, inbesondere Salz zur Verhinderung von Eisbildung auf straßen, auf ein Transportfahrzeug, geht klar aus den vorstehenden Ausführungen hervor Insbesondere wurde dargestellt, dass der Einsatz einer länglichen Auslasseinheit neben einer Erhöhung der Entladegeschwindigkeit (und folglich schnellerer Verteilung des Salzes auf den Straßen) auch eine bessere Verteilung des Schüttguts im Aufbau des Transportfahrzeugs ermöglicht.The operation of the silo according to the invention for storage and metered unloading by gravity of bulk material, in particular salt to prevent ice formation on roads, on a transport vehicle, is clear from the foregoing, it has been shown that the use of an elongated outlet unit in addition to an increase the discharge speed (and thus faster distribution of salt on the roads) also enables a better distribution of the bulk material in the structure of the transport vehicle.

Des weiteren wurde dargestellt, dass das vorbeschriebene Silo eine Entladung des Schüttguts allein durch Schwerkraft ermöglicht, d.h. ohne den Einsatz mechanischer Hilfsmittel in Form von Schlitten, Gestellen oder ähnlichem, wodurch eine deutliche Kostenersparnis sowohl hinsichtlich der Konstruktionskosten als auch hinsichtlich der Kosten für die Abwicklung der Entnahmevorgänge erzielt wird und das Austreten des Schüttguts auch unter schwierigsten Bedingungen gewährleistet ist.Furthermore, it has been shown that the above-described silo allows discharge of the bulk material only by gravity, i. without the use of mechanical aids in the form of carriages, racks or the like, whereby a significant cost savings both in terms of construction costs and in terms of the cost of the completion of the removal operations is achieved and the leakage of the bulk material is guaranteed even under the most difficult conditions.

Die so konzipierte Erfindung kann zahlreichen Änderungen oder Varianten unterworfen werden, die alle im Rahmen des Erfindungskonzepts liegen. So kann das Silo 1 beispielsweise mit Geräten zur Erkennung der korrekten Position des Transportmittels 100 ausgestattet werden, welche überprüfen, ob der Fahrzeugaufbau so positioniert ist, dass das aus der länglichen Auslasseinheit 7 ausströmende Schüttgut komplett in den Fahrzeugaufbau gelangt, wobei das Risiko des Überlaufens und des Materialverlusts ausgeschlossen ist.The invention thus conceived may be subject to numerous changes or variations, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept. For example, the silo 1 can be equipped with devices for detecting the correct position of the means of transport 100, which check whether the vehicle body is positioned so that the bulk material flowing out of the elongated outlet unit 7 passes completely into the vehicle body, whereby the risk of overflowing and of material loss is excluded.

In der tatsächlichen Ausführung können die Maße beliebig an die jeweiligen Anforderungen angepasst werden Darüber hinaus können alle Details durch andere, technisch gleichwertige Elemente ausgetauscht werden.In the actual design, the dimensions can be adapted as required to the respective requirements. In addition, all details can be exchanged for other, technically equivalent elements.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch ein System zur Steuerung der Abgabe von Schüttgut aus dem Silo. Das bekannte System zur Steuerung der Abgabe von Schüttgut aus einem Silo sieht vor, dass der Nutzer mit seinem LKW auf den Silostellplatz fährt und sein Fahrzeug dort so abstellt, dass der LKW-Aufbau sich unter dem Schüttgutauslass befindet Der Nutzer steigt dann aus der Fahrerkabine aus und begibt sich zu einer Säule, an der sich die Schnittstelle zur Übertragung der Daten an das Steuersystem befindet; diese Säule ist in der Regel mit einer Bedientastatur und einem Bildschirm versehen, so dass der Nutzer seinen Erkennungscode eingeben und, nachdem er vom System erkannt wurde, die Abgabe der gewünschten Schüttgutmenge anfordern kann. Nach dem Beladen des LKW mit dem Schüttgut besteigt der Nutzer wieder die Fahrerkabine und verlässt den Silostellplatz. Bei anderen Steuersystemen erfolgt die Erkennung des Nutzers nicht durch Eingabe einer Codenummer über eine an der Säule angebrachte Tastatur, sondern mittels einer berührungslos arbeitenden Erkennungsvorrichtung (z.B Chipkarte), die ebenfalls an einer Säule angebracht ist.The present invention also relates to a system for controlling the discharge of bulk material from the silo. The well-known system for controlling the delivery of bulk material from a silo provides that the user drives with his truck to the silo place and his vehicle is parked there so that the truck body is located below the bulk material outlet The user then exits the driver's cab and goes to a column where the interface for transferring the data to the control system is located; this column is usually provided with an operator keyboard and a screen, so that the user can enter his identification code and, after being recognized by the system, can request the delivery of the desired bulk quantity. After loading the truck with the bulk material, the user climbs back into the driver's cab and leaves the silo place. In other control systems, the recognition of the user is not done by entering a code number on a keyboard attached to the column, but by means of a non-contact recognition device (eg chip card), which is also mounted on a column.

Es ist offensichtlich, dass der Hauptnachteil der oben kurz beschriebenen Systeme darin besteht, dass der Nutzer (LKW-Fahrer) aus der Fahrerkabine aussteigen und sich zur Säule begeben muss, um eine Verbindung mit den Kontrollinstrumenten des Steuersystems herzustellen. Dieses Vorgehen erweist sich vor allem deshalb als problematisch, weil diese Silos in der Regel Salz zur Vermeidung der Eisbildung auf den Straßen beinhalten und die Abgabe demzufolge unter relativ ungünstigen Witterungsbedingungen erfolgt. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht in der langen Ausführungsdauer dieser Vorgänge, welche sich negativ auf die Einsatzgeschwindigkeit auf den Straßen auswirkt. Im Versuch, die oben beschriebenen Nachteile auszuräumen, wurden Säulen vorgeschlagen, bei denen die Eingabetastatur über ein Verbindungskabel so mit der Säule verbunden ist, dass der Nutzer im LKW sitzen bleiben und, indem er sich aus dem Fenster beugt, die Tastatur, welche in der Regel mit einem Anzeigegerät verbunden ist, zu sich in die Fahrerkabine holen kann.It is obvious that the main disadvantage of the systems briefly described above is that the user (truck driver) has to get out of the driver's cab and go to the column to connect to the control system's control instruments. This procedure proves to be particularly problematic because these silos usually contain salt to prevent the formation of ice on the roads and the delivery is therefore carried out under relatively unfavorable weather conditions. Another disadvantage is the long duration of these operations, which has a negative impact on the speed of use on the roads. In an attempt to overcome the drawbacks described above, columns have been proposed in which the keypad is connected to the column via a connection cable so that the user remains seated in the truck and, leaning out of the window, the keypad which is in place Usually connected to a display device, can bring in the driver's cab.

Nach dem Erkennungsvorgang und der Wahl der Lademenge kann der Fahrer, indem er sich erneut aus dem Fenster beugt, die Tastatur mit dem Anzeigegerät wieder an der Säule ablegen. Wenngleich diese Lösung einige der bei den herkömmlichen Steuergeräten beklagten Nachteile behebt, so ist sie dennoch nicht frei von Nachteilen.After the recognition process and the choice of the amount of charge, the driver can, by bending out of the window again, put the keyboard with the display unit back to the column. Although this solution solves some of the disadvantages complained of in the conventional controllers, it is still not free of disadvantages.

Zum einen setzt auch dieses Gerät ein unpraktisches Verfahren zur Erkennung des Nutzers voraus Zum anderen erweist sich der Zugang zur Tastatur aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Abmessungen der LKW, die an den Silostandplatz heranfahren können, nicht immer als bequem Die Zusatzaufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein System zur Steuerung der Abgabe von Schüttgut aus dem Silo zur Verfügung zu stellen, das in der Lage ist, diese Nachteile zu beheben oder weitestgehend zu reduzieren.On the one hand, this device also requires an inconvenient method of recognizing the user. On the other hand, access to the keyboard is not always convenient due to the different dimensions of the trucks that can approach the silo terminal. The additional object of the present invention is a system to provide for the control of the delivery of bulk material from the silo, which is able to remedy these drawbacks or reduce as much as possible.

Im Rahmen dieser Aufgabenstellung besteht ein Zweck dieser Erfindung insbesondere darin, ein System zur Steuerung der Abgabe von Schüttgut aus dem Silo bereitzustellen, das es ermöglicht, die Erkennung des Nutzers zu vereinfachen und vor allem zu beschleunigen (insbesondere bei Anlagen mit möglicher Selbstbedienung) und die Auswahl der abzugebenden Schüttgutmenge für den Nutzer angenehmer zu gestaltenIn the context of this task, a purpose of this invention is, in particular, to provide a system for controlling the discharge of bulk material from the silo, which makes it possible to simplify and, above all, to speed up the recognition of the user (especially in systems with possible self-service) and the Selecting the amount of bulk material to be delivered to the user more pleasant

Diese Ziele werden erreicht durch ein System zur Steuerung der Abgabe von Schüttgut aus einem Silo, mit Kontrollinstrumenten zur Steuerung der Abgabe von Schüttgut aus dem Silo. Das vorgenannte System zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass es Geräte zur drahtlosen Datenfernübertragung beinhaltet, welche sich im Besitz des Nutzers befinden und in der Lage sind, eine Fernverbindung mit den oben genannten Kontrollinstrumenten herzustellen, um an diese Kontrollinstrumente Informationen zum Erkennungscode des Nutzers und zu der vom Nutzer angeforderten Schüttgutmengen zu übermitteln.These objectives are achieved by a system for controlling the discharge of bulk material from a silo, with controls to control the discharge of bulk material from the silo. The aforesaid system is characterized by the fact that it includes wireless remote data transmission devices owned by the user and able to remotely connect with the above mentioned control instruments to these control instruments To provide information about the user's identification code and the bulk quantities requested by the user.

Vorteilhafterweise sieht das erfindungsgemäße System vor, dass die Geräte zur Datenfernübertragung einen Aufnahmekorpus mit Tastatur beinhalten, der sich im Besitz des Nutzers befindet und in der Lage ist, Daten drahtlos an die Kontrollinstrumente zu senden, welche ihrerseits mit mindestens einem, für den Nutzer sichtbaren Anzeigegerät für Informationen zu den in Ausführung befindlichen Vorgängen verbunden sind. Weitere Eigenschaften und Vorteile gehen aus der Beschreibung einiger bevorzugter, aber nicht ausschließlicher Ausführungsformen des Systems zur Steuerung der Abgabe von Schüttgut aus dem Silo hervor, welche beispielhaft und nicht einschränkend in Abbildung 5 dargestellt sind Bei den im Folgenden dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen können einzelne, bestimmten Beispielen zugeordnete Eigenschaften in der tatsächlichen Ausführung durch andere Eigenschaften ersetzt werden, die in anderen Ausführungsbeispielen enthalten sind.Advantageously, the system according to the invention provides that the devices for remote data transmission include a recording body with keyboard, which is in the possession of the user and is able to send data wirelessly to the control instruments, which in turn with at least one visible to the user display device for information about the operations in progress. Further characteristics and advantages will become apparent from the description of some preferred but not exclusive embodiments of the system for controlling the discharge of bulk material from the silo, which are given by way of example and not limitation in FIG Figure 5 In the embodiments presented below, individual properties associated with particular examples in the actual embodiment may be replaced by other properties contained in other embodiments.

Unter Bezugnahme auf die Abbildung 5 umfasst ein in seiner Gesamtheit als Nummer 101 bezeichnetes System zur Steuerung der Abgabe von Schüttgut aus einem Silo 102 Kontrollinstrumente 103, die sich in der Regel in einem Bedienfeld 104 befinden, das in der Nähe des Silos 102 und damit des Abgabebereichs angebracht ist, und die zur Steuerung der Abgabe von Schüttgut aus dem Silo 102 in den Aufbau 105a des LKW 105 dienen.With reference to the Figure 5 For example, a system for controlling the discharge of bulk material from a silo 102, collectively referred to as number 101, comprises control instruments 103, typically located in a control panel 104 located in the vicinity of the silo 102 and thus the discharge area, and to control the discharge of bulk material from the silo 102 into the superstructure 105a of the truck 105.

Erfindungsgemäß beinhaltet das Steuersystem 101 Geräte zur kabellosen Datenfernübertragung 6, welche sich im Besitz eines Nutzers 107 befinden und in der Lage sind, eine Femverbindung mit den Kontrollinstrumenten 103 herzustellen, um an diese Kontrollinstrumente 103 Informationen zum Erkennungscode des Nutzers 107 und zu der vom Nutzer 107 angeforderten Schüttgutmenge zu übermitteln.According to the invention, the control system 101 includes wireless remote data transmission devices 6 owned by a user 107 and capable of establishing a remote connection with the control instruments 103 for providing to these control instruments 103 information regarding the identification code of the user 107 and the user 107 requested quantity of bulk material.

Die Geräte zur Datenfernübertragung 106 beinhalten zunächst einen Aufnahmekorpus 106a mit Tastatur 106b, welcher sich im Besitz des Nutzers befindet und in der Lage ist, wenn der Nutzer 107 die Tasten betätigt, kabellos, und typischerweise mit Hilfe eines Funkwellen-Sende/Empfangssystems, Daten an die Kontrollinstrumente 103 zu senden. Im vorstehend beschriebenen Fall sind die Kontrollinstrumente 103 mit mindestens einem, für den Nutzer 107 sichtbaren Anzeigegerät 108 für Informationen zu den in Ausführung befindlichen Vorgängen verbunden Dieses Anzeigegerät kann so angeordnet sein, dass es von der Fahrerkabine des LKW 105 einsehbar ist, wenn dieser mit seinem Aufbau korrekt unter den Schüttgut-Auslassöffnungen des Silos 102 positioniert ist.The remote data transmission devices 106 first include a receiving body 106a having a keyboard 106b in the user's possession and being capable of data wirelessly when the user 107 operates the keys, and typically with the aid of a radio wave transmitting / receiving system to send the control instruments 103. In the case described above, the control instruments 103 are connected to at least one, for the user 107 visible display device 108 for information on the operations in progress This display device can be arranged so that it is visible from the cab of the truck 105, if this with his Structure is positioned correctly below the bulk material outlet openings of the silo 102.

Das Steuersystem 101 sollte zweckmäßigerweise mit Geräten zur Erkennung der korrekten Position des LKW 105 ausgestattet werden, welche überprüfen, ob der LKW 105 so positioniert ist, dass der Aufbau 105a sich unter der Auslassöffnung 102a des Silos 102 befindet.The control system 101 should desirably be equipped with trucks 105 correct position detection devices which check that the truck 105 is positioned so that the body 105a is below the outlet 102a of the silo 102.

Entsprechend einer in der Abbildung nicht gezeigten Ausführungsvariante können die Geräte zur Datenfernübertragung 106 selbstverständlich auch in einer Dateneingabevorrichtung mit Display bestehen, die sich im Besitz des Nutzers 107 befindet und in der Lage ist, Daten kabellos (z.B, über Funk) an die Kontrollinstrumente 103 zu übermitteln. Entsprechend einem besonders wichtigen Aspekt dieser Erfindung sind die Kontrollinstrumente 103 in der Lage, eine pseudozufällige Prüfroutine zu erzeugen, die auf dem Anzeigegerät 108 angezeigt werden kann und zahlreiche Rückmeldeaktionen beinhaltet, die beim Nutzer 107 abgefragt werden, damit der Entladevorgang freigegeben werden kann; diese Kontrollinstrumente sind darüber hinaus typischerweise mit einem Empfänger ausgestattet, der in der Lage ist, die vom Nutzer 107 anhand der Tastatur 106 übermittelten Rückmeldungen zu überprüfen Die von den Kontrollinstrumenten 103 erzeugte pseudozufällige Routine sieht vorteilhafterweise vor, dass der Nutzer 107 alle für die Ausführung der anschließenden Vorgänge erforderlichen Tasten betätigen muss, insbesondere diejenigen für die Auswahl der gewünschten Menge des abzugebenden Schüttguts. Ein weiterer Aspekt sieht vor, dass die Datenfernübertragungsgeräte in der Lage sind, gleichzeitig mit der Übertragung der einzelnen Daten zu den in Ausführung befindlichen Vorgängen, Daten zum Erkennungscode des Nutzers 107 an die Kontrollinstrumente 103 zu senden. Dies ermöglicht es den Kontrollinstrumenten, ausschließlich den Empfang von Daten desjenigen Nutzers freizugeben, der das Steuersystem 101 in Gang gesetzt hat.According to an embodiment variant not shown in the figure, the devices for remote data transmission 106 can of course also consist in a data input device with display, which is in the possession of the user 107 and capable of wireless data (eg, via radio) to the control instruments 103 to transfer. In accordance with a particularly important aspect of this invention, the control instruments 103 are capable of generating a pseudorandom test routine that can be displayed on the display device 108 and includes numerous feedback responses that are queried at the user 107 to enable the unloading process; these control instruments are also typically equipped with a receiver capable of verifying the feedback provided by the user 107 via the keyboard 106. The pseudorandom routine generated by the control instruments 103 advantageously provides that the user 107 all for the execution of the subsequent operations must operate buttons, in particular those for the selection of the desired amount of the discharged bulk material. A further aspect provides that the remote data transmission devices are able to send data to the recognition code of the user 107 to the control instruments 103 simultaneously with the transmission of the individual data to the processes being executed. This allows the control instruments to exclusively release the receipt of data from the user who initiated the control system 101.

In diesem Zusammenhang hat es sich als äußerst vorteilhaft erwiesen, die vorgenannten Kontrollinstrumente 103 so auszulegen, dass sie in der Lage sind, von einem nicht betriebsbereiten in einen betriebsbereiten Zustand zu wechseln, sobald sie - in dem Moment, in dem der Nutzer 107 sein Fahrzeug in der Nähe des Silos 102 positioniert und eine beliebige Taste auf der Tastatur 106 gedrückt hat - die Erkennungsdaten von den Datenfernübertragungsinstrumenten 106 erhalten haben. Das Steuersystem prüft unverzüglich anhand einer Analyse der in den Kontrollinstrumenten 103 gespeicherten Daten, ob der erhaltene Erkennungscode zum Entladen von Schüttgut aus dem Silo 102 berechtigt Wenn die Berechtigung vorliegt, wechseln die Kontrollinstrumente, wie bereits erwähnt, in den betriebsbereiten Zustand und stellen eine Verbindung mit den Datenfernübertragungsinstrumenten 106 her, um die pseudozufällige Routine zu erzeugen/überprüfen und somit Daten hinsichtlich der Menge des abzugebenden Schüttguts zu senden/erhalten. Zur weiteren Absicherung der sowohl die Prüfvorgänge der pseudozufälligen Routine als auch die Sendevorgänge von Daten hinsichtlich des abzugebenden Schüttguts betreffenden Befehle ist vorgesehen, dass die Kontrollinstrumente 103 in der Lage sind, bei allen oben erwähnten und von den Datenfernübertragungssystemen erhaltenen Befehlen zu überprüfen, ob die dem vorgenannten, anstehenden Befehl zugeordneten Daten mit den Erkennungsdaten übereinstimmen, die den letzten Wechsel der Kontrollinstrumente 103 vom nicht betriebsbereiten in den betriebsbereiten Zustand hervorgerufen haben.In this context, it has proved to be extremely advantageous to design the aforementioned control instruments 103 so that they are able to change from an inoperative to an operational state as soon as they - at the moment in which the user 107 his vehicle positioned in the vicinity of the silo 102 and has pressed any key on the keyboard 106 - which has received recognition data from the remote data transmission instruments 106. The control system immediately checks, based on an analysis of the data stored in the control instruments 103, whether the obtained recognition code authorizes the unloading of bulk material from the silo 102. If the authorization exists, the control instruments, as already mentioned, change to the ready state and establish a connection the remote data transmission instruments 106 to generate / verify the pseudorandom routine and thus send / receive data regarding the amount of bulk material to be dispensed. In order to further ensure that the pseudo-random routine checks as well as the transmission of data concerning the bulk material to be dispensed are concerned, it is contemplated that the control instruments 103 will be able to perform on all to check whether the data associated with the aforementioned pending command matches the detection data which caused the last change of the control instruments 103 from the non-operational to the operative state.

Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Kontrollinstrumente 103 in der Lage, vom betriebsbereiten in den nicht betriebsbereiten Zustand zu wechseln, wenn sie innerhalb eines voreingestellten Zeitraums keine Daten von den Datenfernübertragungsgeräten 106 erhalten.Conveniently, the control instruments 103 are capable of switching from the operative to the inoperative state if they do not receive data from the remote data transmission devices 106 within a preset period of time.

In der tatsächlichen Ausführung können die Maße den jeweiligen Anforderungen beliebig angepasst werden.. Darüber hinaus können alle Details durch andere, technisch gleichwertige Elemente ersetzt werden.In the actual design, the dimensions can be adapted to the respective requirements. In addition, all details can be replaced by other, technically equivalent elements.

Claims (23)

  1. Silo (1) for the storing and metered discharging of bulk material by means of gravity, in particular of salt for preventing the build-up of ice on roads, onto a conveying vehicle (100), said silo comprising a container (2) mounted on a support structure (3), as well as comprising filling aids for filling the mentioned container (2) with the mentioned bulk material to be stored and discharging aids (4) for discharging the bulk material to be filled onto the mentioned conveying vehicles (100) from the mentioned container (2), wherein the silo (1) over and above this includes an outlet device (5) having an oblong outlet unit (7) and wherein the opening and closing of the outlet unit is effected by means of the mentioned discharging aids, characterized in that
    - the container (2) has an upper container part (2a) with a fundamentally circular cross section, whereas the discharging body (2b) located below said upper container part has the form of a truncated cone with a cross section that diminishes downward and
    - in that the outlet device (5) is realized in the form of a connecting element (6) having a cross section that increases in the direction of the ground between the bottom part (2c) of the mentioned discharging body (2b) and the oblong outlet unit (7), wherein the mentioned outlet unit (7) is longer than the diameter of the bottom part (2c) of the discharging body (2b).
  2. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mentioned oblong outlet unit (7) has a plurality of outlet openings (8) in its longitudinal development, said outlet openings being able to change between a closed position and at least one open position independently of each other through the actuation of the mentioned discharging aids (4).
  3. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the transverse dimension of the outlet unit (7) is smaller than the diameter of the bottom part (2c) of the discharging body (2b).
  4. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mentioned discharge aids (4) include perforated plates (31, 32), the movement of which is controllable and which enable at least one first and one second open position of the mentioned outlet unit (7).
  5. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to Claim 4, characterized in that the mentioned perforated plates (31, 32) are provided with a plurality of holes (34) such that the mentioned outlet openings (8) in the open state can be adapted to the size of the mentioned conveying vehicles.
  6. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mentioned discharge aids (4) comprise two perforated plates (31, 32) lying one on top of the other and one actuating element (33), which together form an outlet unit; wherein one of the two perforated plates (31, 32) is a non-moveable perforated plate (31) that is mounted in a stationary manner in the outlet unit and closes the outlet unit, whilst the other perforated plate (32) is a moveable perforated plate (32) that is mounted parallel to the mentioned fixed perforated plate (31) so as to be displaceable such that the mentioned perforated plates (31, 32) are able to assume a starting position, in which the respective holes (34) of the two perforated plates (31, 32) do not lie one on top of the other, a plurality of intermediate positions in which the respective holes (34) of the two perforated plates (31, 32) lie partially one on top of the other, and an end position in which the respective holes (34) of the two perforated plates (31, 32) lie completely one on top of the other.
  7. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to one of the preceding Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the mentioned two perforated plates (31, 32) form the mentioned outlet openings (8) in the intermediate and end position.
  8. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to one of Claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the mentioned actuating element (33) includes a linear control member (33a) which is secured to the mentioned container (2) and the free end of which is connected to the mentioned perforated plate (32) in order to move the mentioned moveable perforated plate (32) by driving it out of and into the starting position, the intermediate positions and the end position.
  9. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to Claim 8, characterized in that the mentioned linear control member (33a) is provided with a safety device which, when there is a power failure or an emergency, supplies the necessary pressure in order to move the mentioned moveable perforated plate (32) into the mentioned starting position.
  10. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to one of Claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the mentioned linear control member (33a) is provided with a hydraulically actuated piston.
  11. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to one of Claims 2 to 10, characterized in that each of the mentioned outlet openings (8) has associated therewith a closing sheet (10) which can be displaced between a closed position of the respective outlet opening (8) and at least one partial open position in which it does not close the port of the outlet opening (8).
  12. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to Claim 11, characterized in that the mentioned closing sheets (10) are actuated by the mentioned discharge aids (4).
  13. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to one of Claims 11 or 12, characterized in that during the discharging process, in self-actuating mode the mentioned closing sheets (10) are actuated automatically by the mentioned discharge aids (4).
  14. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to one of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the mentioned closing sheets (10) are manually actuated.
  15. Silo for the storing and discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that said silo is provided with devices for detecting the correct position of the mentioned conveying vehicle (100, 105), said devices checking whether the vehicle body (105a) is positioned such that the bulk material flowing out of the oblong outlet unit (7) passes completely into the vehicle body (105a).
  16. Silo for the storing and metered discharging of bulk material by means of gravity according to one of Claims 1 to 15; characterized by a system (101) with control instruments (103) for controlling the metered output of the bulk material from the silo (102), wherein the control system has remote data transmission devices (106) for wireless remote data processing, said devices being in the possession of a user (107) and being capable of setting up a remote connection to the control instruments (103) in order to transmit to said control instruments (103) information regarding an identifying code of the user (107) and an amount of bulk material required by the user (107).
  17. Silo according to Claim 16, characterized in that the mentioned remote data transmission devices (106) include a receiving body (106a) with keyboard (106b), which is in the possession of the mentioned user (107) and is capable of sending data wirelessly to the mentioned control instruments (103), which are connected in a cable-free manner to at least one display device (108) that is visible to the user for information on the operations currently being executed.
  18. Silo according to Claim 16 or 17, which is distinguished in that the mentioned remote data transmission devices (106) include a data input device with display, which is in the possession of the mentioned user (107) and is capable of sending data in a cable-free manner to the mentioned control instruments (103).
  19. Silo according to one of Claims 16 to 18, which is distinguished in that the mentioned control instruments (103) are capable of creating a pseudo-random test routine which can be displayed on the mentioned display device (108) and includes numerous acknowledgement actions that are interrogated by the mentioned user (107) so that the discharging operation can be released; wherein the mentioned control instruments (103) are provided with a receiver that is capable of checking the acknowledgements supplied by the user (107) by means of the keyboard (106b).
  20. Silo according to one of Claims 16 to 19, characterized in that said remote data transmission devices (106) are capable of sending data with reference to the mentioned identifying code of the user (107) to the control instruments (103) at the same time as the transmission of the individual items of data regarding the operation currently being executed.
  21. Silo according to one of Claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the mentioned control instruments (103) are capable of changing from a non-operational into an operational state once they have received the identifying data from the remote data transmission devices (106) and the identifying code is authorised to discharge the bulk material from the silo (102).
  22. Silo according to one of Claims 16 to 21, characterized in that each time an inquiry is received from the remote data transmission devices (106), the mentioned control instruments (103) are capable of checking whether the identifying data associated with the mentioned inquiry matches the identifying data that has triggered the last change from the non-operational state into the operational state.
  23. Silo according to one of the preceding Claims 16 to 22, characterized in that the mentioned control instruments (103) are capable of changing from an operational into a non-operational state if they have not received any data from the mentioned remote data transmission devices (106) within a predetermined period of time.
EP08151227A 2007-11-20 2008-02-08 Silo for granular material for storing and consequent metered dispensing into one or several transport vehicles Active EP2062832B1 (en)

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SI200830313T SI2062832T1 (en) 2007-11-20 2008-02-08 Silo for granular material for storing and consequent metered dispensing into one or several transport vehicles
PL08151227T PL2062832T3 (en) 2007-11-20 2008-02-08 Silo for granular material for storing and consequent metered dispensing into one or several transport vehicles

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ITVR20070165 ITVR20070165A1 (en) 2007-11-20 2007-11-20 SILO FOR STORAGE AND DOSED DISCHARGE AND GRAVITY OF GRANULAR MATERIAL
ITVR20070166 ITVR20070166A1 (en) 2007-11-21 2007-11-21 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF EXHAUST OPERATIONS OF SILO GRANULAR MATERIAL

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EP2062832A1 (en) 2009-05-27
DE502008003259D1 (en) 2011-06-01
ATE506293T1 (en) 2011-05-15
PL2062832T3 (en) 2011-11-30

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