EP2058441B1 - System for storing and purifying water - Google Patents
System for storing and purifying water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2058441B1 EP2058441B1 EP07120361A EP07120361A EP2058441B1 EP 2058441 B1 EP2058441 B1 EP 2058441B1 EP 07120361 A EP07120361 A EP 07120361A EP 07120361 A EP07120361 A EP 07120361A EP 2058441 B1 EP2058441 B1 EP 2058441B1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- reservoir
- porous material
- barrier layer
- layer
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water storage and water purification system.
- Water is a precious commodity and is becoming increasingly valuable due to the increase in world population and the resulting increased food needs. Supplying people with clean water is not just a big logistical problem for developing countries. Only 0.3% of the world's water resources are available as drinking water. Water scarcity can develop into a water crisis, especially in low-precipitation countries. The creation of new habitats is prevented in many places due to a prevailing lack of water. For example, the desertification of desert or steppe regions is extremely problematic due to the lack of water. From an economic point of view, even water conservation and water storage in areas rich in precipitation is stimulated. As the simplest hydrological systems for water storage are known water storage lakes and underground water collection tanks. To address water scarcity, there is a need for specially adapted technologies for water treatment and water storage.
- an aquitransistor comprising a plurality of perforated conduits embedded in a matrix of porous materials.
- water with a hydrodynamic potential is passed through the porous material of the aquitransistor before flowing into the perforated conduits and being withdrawn therefrom by a pumping device.
- the known methods and devices for water purification and / or water storage have the disadvantage that they can not be used independently of the geographical conditions and / or soil conditions on site. For example, water losses or quality losses can occur. In order to improve the quality of the purified water, an additional water purification is often required, which in turn is very costly.
- the DE 41 12 802 C1 shows a system according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the EP 1 245 537 A2 shows a plant water treatment plant with inlet and outlet, comprising a prefabricated wastewater treatment plant housing with a feed shaft, a plant bed and a downcomer, which are fluidly connected with each other and with the environment so that water can flow in, through and out of the system.
- the WO 01/77032 A1 shows a biofilter plant for the purification of process water, which is introduced into a peat layer for cleaning, which is held by a metal grid, through which the purified water can seep into the ground.
- the WO 2006/058441 A1 discloses a polyurethane and a geotextile made therewith.
- the invention relates to a water storage and water purification system, comprising: a reservoir which is at least partially filled with porous material, a water catchment, and at least two barrier layers for extending the seepage path of the water, the barrier layers being substantially water impermeable, artificial and outboard delimited reservoirs are arranged, the barrier layers are each provided with at least one passage for water, and in each case above and below the barrier layers is porous material; wherein the water collecting container has a first opening above the uppermost barrier layer and at least one second opening through which water can flow below the lowermost barrier layer; wherein the passage for water based on the total area of the barrier layer occupies a surface area of 5% to 20% and is arranged in the outer region of the barrier layer; and wherein the passages for water from each two adjacent barrier layers are offset from each other.
- the system is characterized in that the water collecting container extends in the reservoir from its bottom upwards at least to its surface, and the pores of the porous material have a diameter of less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the substantially water-impermeable, artificial and outwardly delimited reservoir ensures that as far as possible no water to be cleaned and stored can seep into deeper porous layers with high capillarity and thus is no longer available to the system.
- the effect of the reservoir is that as far as possible no water, which is contaminated, for example, and / or contaminated with pollutants, can diffuse into the system according to the invention. This ensures the high quality of the water within the system.
- the Sickerweg of the water through the porous material extended and thus water can be much longer held under the earth (stored).
- the system according to the invention need not be particularly deep, which makes it cost-effective in its creation and maintenance. It is also conceivable, for example, to exploit closed-pit mines, mines or other, existing pits, or to arrange the system below a swimming pool.
- the present invention relates to a water storage and water purification system.
- the Fig. 1 shows a system 1 for water storage and water purification.
- Fig. 2 and 3 show a system for water storage and water purification according to the invention.
- the system 1 has, as in Fig. 1 . 2 and 3 shown, a substantially water-impermeable, artificial and outwardly delimited reservoir 2.
- an artificial, substantially water-impermeable reservoir 2 ensures that as far as possible no water is lost from the system 1 according to the invention into deeper, porous, water-attracting layers.
- the essentially water-impermeable, artificial reservoir 2 causes as little water as possible, which is contaminated and / or salty, for example, to leak into the system according to the invention from outside, thereby reducing the quality of the water to be stored and cleaned.
- the reservoir 2 furthermore has the advantage that the system 1 according to the invention can be used for water purification or water storage regardless of location, ie independently of the geological condition, the climatic conditions and / or the soil conditions on site.
- the reservoir 2 can, as in Fig. 1 represented, trough-shaped. But it can also have any other suitable form. For example, it may be hemispherical in shape.
- the reservoir 2 may have any suitable size. However, it has proved to be advantageous to adapt the size of the reservoir 2 to the expected amount of precipitation and to the amount of water to be stored. If the reservoir is arranged under a swimming pool, for example, it preferably has at least half the volume of the swimming pool.
- the size of the reservoir 2 may also depend on whether the inventive system 1 is used for water storage, water purification and / or irrigation.
- a system 1 according to the invention which is mainly used for irrigation, may be designed to be somewhat shallower.
- the reservoir 2 is at least partially filled with porous material 3.
- "at least partially” means that the reservoir 2 is to be filled with at least as much porous material 3 as is necessary in order to achieve sufficiently good storage and purification of the water.
- the porous material 3 is gravel, gravel, sand (eg quartz sand) or a mixture thereof. But clay, silt and / or clay can also be used. Other materials, such as plastics, can also be used if, due to their porosity, the ratio of the volume of all their voids to their outer volume, they are able to store and transport water.
- pore size of a porous material 3 a distinction must be made between coarse, fine and microporous pores.
- Large pores macropores
- the fine pores are micropores with a pore diameter of 0.1 to 0.1 microns. These capillary pores transport the water.
- the ultrafine pores also called ultramicropores or gel pores, have a pore diameter of ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m and are involved in slow, long-lasting water transport.
- the system 1 according to Fig. 1 comprises a barrier layer 5 ( Fig. 1 ) .
- the inventive system according to the Fig. 2 and 3 comprises a plurality of barrier layers 5, which are arranged within the reservoir 2.
- the barrier layer 5 is also provided with at least one passage 6 for water ( Fig. 1 . 2 . 3 ) .
- the barrier layer 5 is made of a material which is substantially water-impermeable.
- barrier layer 5 is designed in such a way that the major part of the water which seeps through the reservoir 2 is prevented from passing through the barrier layer 5 to pass into the area above or below the barrier layer 5.
- the barrier layer 5 serves or the barrier layers 5 serve to extend the seepage path of the water through the porous material 3 of the reservoir 2. By extending the seepage path, the water stays longer below the surface. It can thus be stored longer within the reservoir 2. In addition, the water is filtered over a longer period of time, which improves the quality of the purified water.
- the improved quality of the purified water can be explained in particular by the fact that the speed at which the water moves through the system 1 according to the invention is reduced or repeatedly reduced again by the barrier layer 5 or by the barrier layers 5.
- the lowest possible flow rate is particularly advantageous for achieving a high degree of purification.
- the barrier layer 5 When the water reaches the barrier layer 5, it begins to accumulate water seepage. Normally, water travels through porous material open-pored (through the interior of the material or through wall openings from one material to the next) and closed-cell (always around the individual materials). In this jammed condition, however, it penetrates particularly well and deeply into the capillaries of the porous material 3. It behaves rather open-pored. This results in 5 dirt and in the area immediately in front of the barrier layer Dirt particles in and on the pores can deposit or settle particularly well.
- the barrier layer 5 or the barrier layers 5 are arranged horizontally, as in FIG Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shown.
- the seepage path of the water is the longest by the system 1 according to the invention, which has a particularly positive effect on the quality of the purified water.
- any other inclination of the barrier layer 5 is possible if the property of the barrier layer 5 to extend the seepage path of the water is not lost as a result.
- the individual barrier layers 5 within a system can each have the same degree of inclination but can also differ with regard to their degree of inclination.
- the passage 6 for water takes or the passages 6 for water take a total, relative to the entire barrier layer 5, only a small area. This is preferably an area of 5 to 20%. Particularly preferred is a surface area of 8 to 15%. Most preferred is a surface area of 10 to 12% based on the total area of the barrier layer 5.
- the passage 6 for water is located at a selected location.
- the passage 6 for water may be arranged in the outer region of the barrier layer 5, as in the exemplary embodiment in FIG Fig. 1 shown.
- the passage 6 for water is preferably located immediately before the end of the barrier layer 5.
- Most preferred is a passage 6 for water which is located at the very end of the barrier layer 5.
- the passage 6 for water is present within the barrier layer 5 in the form of a slot or a hole.
- the seepage path of the water is extended by the system 1 according to the invention or made as maximum as possible.
- This in turn means that the residence time of the water within the system 1 according to the invention increases.
- the residence time of the water within a system 1 according to the invention with two barrier layers 5 and one each at the end of the barrier layer 5 opposite passage 6 for water, with a given volume and a selected porous material 3 increases by about three times and at a inventive system 1 with three barrier layers 5, about four times the residence time of the water in a system that does not include barriers.
- the increase in the residence time of the water to be purified has a particularly positive effect on the quality of the purified water.
- more water per unit time and volume element can be stored within the system 1 according to the invention.
- the porous material 3, which is located above and below the barrier layer 5, may be one and the same. However, it has proved to be particularly advantageous if the porous material 3 differs above and below the barrier layer 5. This has the following reason: By varying the porosity of the porous material 3 within the system 1 according to the invention, the water is constantly exposed to new resistances or attractive forces. These cause the water in the interior of the system 1 according to the invention to travel at different flow rates. This further increases the quality of the filtered water.
- a water quality is achieved, which corresponds to drinking water quality. If water is kept underground with the system 1 according to the invention over a period of at least 19 days, it is even germ-free or sterile.
- porous material 3 for example quartz sand, which is repeatedly exposed to different pressures as a result of the storage and then reacts with an electrical polarization (piezoelectric effect), leads to a destruction or inactivation of microorganisms. This process can be accelerated by the use of different porous materials 3 even more.
- the reservoir 2 and / or the barrier layer 5 comprises a geotextile.
- the geotextile in turn, in its simplest embodiment, comprises a layer of woven or non-woven interspersed with polyurethane.
- a geotextile has the advantage that unwanted water, such as salt water in coastal areas, as far as possible can not penetrate into the system 1 according to the invention or infiltrate.
- water which is applied to the system 1 according to the invention for storage is kept within this system 1. It can not easily seep into deeper layers.
- Another advantage of the geotextile is that it participates in thermally and mechanically induced displacements in the structure of the soil (for example in an earthquake). Due to its stability and weather resistance, it is resistant to damage caused by roots or pointed stones even after prolonged use.
- the outer shape of the geotextile can be adapted to the terrain on site. This is due to his special manufacturing process. A reservoir comprising a geotextile can therefore be used extremely flexibly. This saves time and additional costs, e.g. for earthworks.
- the polyurethane used for the geotextile may be formed by polymerizing a two-component system consisting of a polyol component comprising a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a propylene oxide homopolymer and a ground molecular sieve, and an isocyanate component comprising diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate.
- the mass ratio of polyol component to isocyanate component is preferably in the range of about 108:15 to about 102:21, more preferably in the range of about 106:17 to about 104:19, most preferably about 105:18.
- the geotextile comprises a fleece
- the fleece additionally comprises staple fibers of 3 to 15 cm in length.
- the staple fibers are made of a plastic selected from polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride and polyester.
- the nonwoven may further comprise wires.
- sheet-like structures (leaflets) of elastomeric polymers predominantly of natural raw materials, may be included.
- the staple fibers and, if desired, wires and / or flakes can be joined together so that their strength is independent of the direction. As a result, a flexible surface training is achieved with good adaptation to uneven ground without risk of damage to the structure.
- this fabric of crossing threads and fiber systems serves only as a test and for the absorption of the polyurethane.
- the geotextile can be made as follows: First, a given ground area is excavated. The excavated amount of earth corresponds to the calculation according to the expected precipitation and the desired amount of water to be stored. Then serving as reinforcement layer is laid out on the ground to be sealed (eg pit) nationwide. Subsequently, the Polyol component and the isocyanate component by means of a spraying machine sprayed onto the prepared layer. Both components eventually cure within a short time (a few minutes) to form the polyurethane.
- the term "substantially sealed” is understood to mean that the throughput of water through the layer (in liters of water per m 2 of layer area and time) is preferably reduced by at least 99%, more preferably by at least 99.9%, by the infiltrated polyurethane is compared when compared with a same but non-polyurethane layer.
- the sealing by the polyurethane is such that the finished geotextile is impermeable to water, thus waterproof.
- the spraying process can be repeated by applying a second layer. This again increases the stability of the situation.
- This second layer can serve as additional root penetration protection.
- a geotextile which preferably comprises a second layer made of a woven or non-woven fabric
- the hollow and / or intermediate spaces present in the second layer are filled by the polyurethane.
- the first and second layer is glued together by polyurethane.
- Polyurethane has the advantage that it has a high resistance to tearing and breakage (well over 200%). It is resistant to all environmental influences, even against saline or contaminated soils. It is also subject to no aging and embrittlement processes. Even with constant free weathering it is stable over a period of 20 years. By using the polyurethane together with a fleece or fabric, the aging of the polyurethane is further delayed (by about one order of magnitude).
- the inventive system 1 comprises, as in the embodiment in Fig. 2 and 3 in addition, a water collecting container 4.
- the water collecting container 4 extends from the bottom of the reservoir 2 at least to the surface thereof.
- the water collecting container 4 furthermore has an opening 7 above the uppermost barrier layer 5 and at least one opening 8 below the lowermost barrier layer 5 through which water can flow.
- the water collecting container 4 can, as in Fig. 1 . 2 and 3 shown to be a fountain. However, any other suitable water collecting container 4 can also be used.
- the water collecting container 4 may also be a Spanish rider.
- the water collecting container 4 is connected via the opening 7 with a water removal station 9.
- a water removal station 9 With the water removal station 9, water, which has migrated due to its hydrodynamic potential into the porous layer below the lowermost barrier layer 5 and then further seeped through the opening 8 and through the openings 8 into the water collecting container 4, can be removed.
- the water removal station 9 is in the embodiment in Fig. 2 and 3 shown.
- the water removal station 9 is formed so that it completely closes the opening 7 of the water collecting container 4 (see Fig. 3 ). In this way, no water (eg rainwater) can flow via the opening 7 into the water collecting container 4. As a result, the water level within the water collecting container 4 is not changed unintentionally. In addition, the water within the water collecting container 4 is not contaminated by unfiltered water.
- the opening 8 is a hole or a slot. If the water collecting container 4 has more than one opening 8, these openings 8 may be in the form of holes and / or slots. But you can also have any other suitable form. In the embodiment in Fig. 1-3 The water collecting container 4 has openings 8 in the form of slots. By choosing the number, size and geometry of the openings 8, the rate at which the water seeps into the water collecting container 4 can be varied. When choosing the size and geometry of the openings 8 care should be taken that as far as possible no porous material 3 enters the water collecting container 4.
- the water removal station 9 is a pumping station.
- the flow rate of the water can be varied by the system 1 according to the invention (change of the hydrodynamic potential).
- the residence time of the percolating water within the system 1 according to the invention can thus also be varied, which in turn has an effect on the quality of the water to be purified.
- the pumped out of the filtered water is carried out so that the residence time of the water within the reservoir 2 is as long as possible. For the longer the water seeps through the interior of the reservoir 2, the purer it is. It also has a particularly beneficial effect on the cleaning result when the water seeping through is repeatedly exposed to new pressure conditions during filtering.
- the water initially seeps through the system 1 until it reaches the bottom of the reservoir 2 below the lowermost barrier layer 5. Due to the inflowing water, the level in the system 1 increases and the water is now pressed from below, both through the water collecting container 4 as a riser and through the passages 6 of the barrier layers 5 back up. Thus, there is a recirculation of the water in the system 1. With the continue from above water flowing after, this recirculation leads to an even better cleaning of the water in the system 1.
- a planting layer 10 may be applied.
- this is a humus-carrying layer.
- porous material 3 above the uppermost barrier layer 5 has a high capillarity or a high water absorption coefficient.
- the capillarity is a physical property, which is due to adhesion, cohesion and surface tension and which causes the transport of liquids and the substances contained therein within the finest hair tubes, crevices and pores, in all directions, and thus also opposite to gravity.
- porous material 3 in the upper layer now finest capillaries, so it absorbs water, and that until it is saturated and no more water can absorb. This water can then serve the humus-containing layer as an immediate water reservoir. As a result, vegetation is possible even in low-precipitation areas.
- This high-capillary layer of porous material 3 which preferably consists of micro-pores, also has the effect of an insulating layer for the entire system 1 according to the invention. It can hold the water particularly well and also prevent it from evaporating on the soil surface.
- the Fig. 4 shows a system 1 'for water storage and water purification, but does not fall under the invention.
- the system 1 ' has, as in Fig. 4 shown, a substantially water-impervious, artificial and outwardly delimited reservoir 2 'on.
- the reservoir 2 ' may, as in Fig. 4 shown to be formed in a special trough shape. But it can also have any other suitable form. For example, it may be hemispherical in shape.
- the reservoir 2 'comprises a geotextile.
- the geotextile in turn, in its simplest embodiment, comprises a layer of woven or non-woven interspersed with polyurethane.
- the polyurethane used for the geotextile may be formed by polymerizing a two-component system consisting of a polyol component comprising a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a propylene oxide homopolymer and a ground molecular sieve, and an isocyanate component comprising diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate.
- the reservoir 2 ' is at least partially filled with a porous material 3'.
- a porous material 3' By “at least in part” is meant that the reservoir 2 'is to be filled with at least as much porous material 3' as is necessary in order to achieve sufficiently good storage and purification of the water.
- the porous material 3 is gravel, gravel, sand (e.g., quartz sand) or a mixture thereof.
- sand e.g., quartz sand
- clay, silt and / or clay can also be used.
- Other materials, such as plastics, may be used if they are able to store and transport water due to their porosity, the ratio of the volume of all their voids to their outer volume.
- Porous material 3 ' which is water-saturated, absorbs water, while porous material 3', which is water-saturated, releases water into less saturated areas. This then results in the flow flow.
- Porous material 3 ' which is water-saturated, absorbs water, while porous material 3', which is water-saturated, releases water into less saturated areas. This then results in the flow flow.
- the use of porous material 3 'whose capillarity increases toward the bottom of the reservoir 2' causes the water to be drawn into deeper layers (in addition to gravity).
- porous material 3 ' if one chooses porous material 3 'whose capillarity increases in the direction of the surface of the reservoir 2', water is drawn into higher layers (contrary to gravity).
- the porous material 3 'in the lower layer is more porous than the porous material 3' in the upper layer. In this case, a particularly good water quality (drinking water quality) of the filtered water can be achieved.
- the system 1 'further comprises a water collecting container 4' which extends from the bottom of the reservoir 2 'to at least its surface, the water collecting container 4' having an opening 6 'in the upper region and at least one opening 5' in the lower region the water can flow.
- the water collecting container 4 ' is a well or a Spanish rider.
- the water collecting container 4 ' is a well.
- the water collecting container 4 ' can be connected via the upper opening 6' with a water removal station 7 '(see Fig. 4 ). Water, which due to its hydrodynamic potential has leaked to the bottom of the reservoir 2 'and then has migrated further through the opening 5' or via the openings 5 'into the water tank 4', can be removed via the water removal station 7 '.
- the water removal station 7 ' can be, for example, a pumping station. By removing water from the water collecting container 4 'by means of a pump, the inherent hydrodynamic potential of the water flow through the system 1' can be increased.
- the opening 5 ' is a hole or a slot. If the water collecting container 4 'has more than one opening 5', these openings 5 'can be in the form of holes and / or Slots are present. The openings 5 'can also have any other suitable shape.
- the water collecting container 4 'in the embodiment in Fig. 4 has openings 5 'in the form of slots.
- the water removal station 7 ' is formed so that it completely closes the opening 6' of the water collecting container 4 '(see Fig. 4 ). In this way, no water (eg rainwater) over the opening 6 'in the water collecting container 4' flow. As a result, the water level within the water collecting container 4 'is not changed unintentionally. In addition, the water within the water collecting container 4 'is not contaminated by unfiltered water.
- a planting layer 8 'applied On the uppermost layer of porous material 3 'of the system 1', as in the embodiment of FIG Fig. 4 shown, a planting layer 8 'applied.
- this is a humus-carrying layer.
- the porous material 3 'in the uppermost layer has a high capillarity or a high water absorption coefficient.
- the water in the capillaries is then available to the humus-bearing layer as an immediate water reservoir. This also makes intensive horticulture possible in very dry regions of the earth.
- the inventive system 1 and the system 1 of Fig. 1 and the system 1 'of Fig. 4 are particularly suitable for agricultural and forestry applications, for example for the recultivation of Soils or for reforestation.
- the systems 1 and 1 'for water storage (eg rainwater) and water purification are suitable.
- the water to be filtered may be rainwater.
- the desalination of seawater (to provide drinking water) can also take place with the systems 1 and 1 '.
- the systems according to the invention can be used independently of location. For example, their use is also possible in coastal areas close to the sea or in regions with saline soils.
- the known systems for water purification and water storage show no solution.
- the water supply can be ensured in dry regions. Often even another harvest is possible.
- water can be purified in a particularly high quality with the systems according to the invention.
- a substantially water-impermeable reservoir 2, 2 ' it is achieved that already filtered water or water still to be filtered as possible not contaminated by in the system 1, 1 'infiltrating water, which is contaminated for example with pollutants.
- porous material 3 in combination with at least one barrier layer 5 prolongs the seepage of the water, making it possible to keep water very long within the reservoir (particularly good water storage).
- the ability of the system 1 to store water can be increased even more.
- the quality of the purified water is further improved.
- a layer of fleece was designed for the preparation of the reservoir.
- a first layer of polyurethane was applied, which had the following formulation: polyol: parts by weight - Polyether polyol (obtainable by polymerization of ethylene oxide with ethylene glycol, MW 440) 25 - Polyesterdiol (obtainable by polymerization of ethylene glycol and adipic acid, MW 390) 26 - Polyesterdiol (available by polymerization of 6 Ethylene glycol and adipic acid, MW 340) Homopolymer of propylene oxide 7 - Polyether polyol (Voralux HN 370, hydroxyl number 26-30 mg KOH / g) 15 - Polyether polyol (obtainable by polymerization of propylene glycol with ethylene glycol, MW 4000) 13 - 1,4-butaned
- the spraying of the formulation was carried out by means of high-pressure cleaner.
- the spray pressure was about 200 bar for the polyol and isocyanate components. Both components were sprayed on separately.
- the spray temperature was 25 ° C for the isocyanate component and 35 ° C for the polyol component.
- the relative spraying power of the two nozzles corresponded to the mass ratio of the polyol component to the isocyanate component. So much formulation was applied that a continuous impregnation of the situation was achieved.
- polyurethane was formed by polymerization. This process was repeated to form another polyurethane layer. After curing within a few seconds, the reservoir-forming geotextile was filled with a 1 meter high layer of fine sand.
- a barrier layer was applied, followed by another 1 m high sand layer. This was followed by a further barrier layer and a gravel layer of 1 m height. The last layer was a 0.5 m high layer of soil.
- the two barrier layers of 10 m in length were produced by the same method as the reservoir. Both barrier layers each contained on one side, 0.5 m in front of the barrier layer end, 10 holes with a diameter of 10 cm at a distance of 10 cm. The two barrier layers were placed in the reservoir so that the holes were opposite. Finally, a well 0.3 m wide and 4 m long was fitted into the reservoir. He had in the lower part 5 openings in the form of 10 cm long and 2 cm wide slots. The upper end of the well was finally connected to a suction pump.
- Flow rate of water lowest possible flow rate for particularly good cleaning results
- Pumping power very low pumping power as the water is pushed from the bottom upwards
- Quality of the water drinking water
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein wasserspeicherndes und wasserreinigendes System.The present invention relates to a water storage and water purification system.
Wasser ist ein kostbares Gebrauchsgut und wird aufgrund des Anstiegs der Weltbevölkerung und des dadurch verursachten erhöhten Bedarfs an Lebensmitteln immer wertvoller. Die Versorgung der Menschen mit sauberem Wasser stellt nicht nur die Entwicklungsländern vor ein großes logistisches Problem. Nur 0,3 % der weltweiten Wasservorräte sind als Trinkwasser verfügbar. Die Wasserknappheit kann sich vor allem in niederschlagsarmen Ländern zu einer Wasserkrise entwickeln. Die Schaffung von neuen Lebensräumen wird aufgrund eines vorherrschenden Wassermangels vielerorts verhindert. So ist beispielsweise die Urbarisierung von Wüsten- oder Steppenregionen aufgrund des Mangels an Wasser äußerst problematisch. Aus ökonomischen Gesichtspunkten wird sogar die Wassererhaltung und Wasserspeicherung in niederschlagsreicheren Gebieten angeregt. Als wohl die einfachsten hydrologischen Systeme zur Wasserspeicherung sind Wasserspeicherseen und unterirdische Wasserauffangbehälter bekannt. Um gegen die Wasserknappheit vorzugehen, besteht ein Bedarf an besonders angepassten Technologien zur Wasseraufbereitung und Wasserspeicherung.Water is a precious commodity and is becoming increasingly valuable due to the increase in world population and the resulting increased food needs. Supplying people with clean water is not just a big logistical problem for developing countries. Only 0.3% of the world's water resources are available as drinking water. Water scarcity can develop into a water crisis, especially in low-precipitation countries. The creation of new habitats is prevented in many places due to a prevailing lack of water. For example, the desertification of desert or steppe regions is extremely problematic due to the lack of water. From an economic point of view, even water conservation and water storage in areas rich in precipitation is stimulated. As the simplest hydrological systems for water storage are known water storage lakes and underground water collection tanks. To address water scarcity, there is a need for specially adapted technologies for water treatment and water storage.
In der
Weiterhin ist aus der
Die bekannten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Wasserreinigung und/oder Wasserspeicherung haben den Nachteil, dass sie sich nicht unabhängig von den geografischen Gegebenheiten und/oder Bodenverhältnissen vor Ort einsetzen lassen. Beispielsweise kann es zu Wasserverlusten bzw. Qualitätseinbußen kommen. Um die Qualität des aufgereinigten Wassers zu verbessern, ist oftmals eine zusätzliche Wasseraufreinigung erforderlich, die wiederum sehr kostenintensiv ist.The known methods and devices for water purification and / or water storage have the disadvantage that they can not be used independently of the geographical conditions and / or soil conditions on site. For example, water losses or quality losses can occur. In order to improve the quality of the purified water, an additional water purification is often required, which in turn is very costly.
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Die
Die
Die
Es kann als Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung angesehen werden, ein System zur Wasserspeicherung und Wasserreinigung zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches ortsunabhängig eingesetzt werden kann und mit dem besonders kostengünstig Wasser mit sehr guter Qualität aufgereinigt werden kann.It can be regarded as an object of the present invention to provide a system for water storage and water purification, which can be used anywhere and can be cleaned with the particularly cost water with very good quality.
Die Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.The object is solved with the features of independent claim 1.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein wasserspeicherndes und wasserreinigendes System, aufweisend: ein Reservoir, das zumindest teilweise mit porösem Material gefüllt ist, einen Wasserauffangbehälter, und mindestens zwei Barrierenschichten zur Verlängerung des Sickerwegs des Wassers, wobei die Barrierenschichten innerhalb des im Wesentlichen wasserundurchlässigen, künstlichen und nach außen abgegrenzten Reservoirs angeordnet sind, die Barrierenschichten jeweils mit mindestens einem Durchlass für Wasser versehen sind, und sich jeweils oberhalb und unterhalb der Barrierenschichten poröses Material befindet; wobei der Wasserauffangbehälter oberhalb der obersten Barrierenschicht eine erste Öffnung und unterhalb der untersten Barrierenschicht mindestens eine zweite Öffnung aufweist, durch die Wasser fließen kann; wobei der Durchlass für Wasser bezogen auf die Gesamtfläche der Barrierenschicht einen Flächenbereich von 5% bis 20% einnimmt und im äußeren Bereich der Barrierenschicht angeordnet ist; und wobei die Durchlässe für Wasser von jeweils zwei benachbarten Barrierenschichten gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet sind. Das System ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wasserauffangbehälter sich in dem Reservoir von dessen Boden nach oben mindestens bis zu dessen Oberfläche erstreckt, und die Poren des porösen Materials einen Durchmesser von kleiner 0,1 µm haben.The invention relates to a water storage and water purification system, comprising: a reservoir which is at least partially filled with porous material, a water catchment, and at least two barrier layers for extending the seepage path of the water, the barrier layers being substantially water impermeable, artificial and outboard delimited reservoirs are arranged, the barrier layers are each provided with at least one passage for water, and in each case above and below the barrier layers is porous material; wherein the water collecting container has a first opening above the uppermost barrier layer and at least one second opening through which water can flow below the lowermost barrier layer; wherein the passage for water based on the total area of the barrier layer occupies a surface area of 5% to 20% and is arranged in the outer region of the barrier layer; and wherein the passages for water from each two adjacent barrier layers are offset from each other. The system is characterized in that the water collecting container extends in the reservoir from its bottom upwards at least to its surface, and the pores of the porous material have a diameter of less than 0.1 μm.
Durch das im Wesentlichen wasserundurchlässige, künstliche und nach außen abgegrenzte Reservoir wird erreicht, dass möglichst kein zu reinigendes und zu speicherndes Wasser in tiefer gelegene poröse Schichten mit hoher Kapillarität versickern kann und so dem System nicht mehr zur Verfügung steht.The substantially water-impermeable, artificial and outwardly delimited reservoir ensures that as far as possible no water to be cleaned and stored can seep into deeper porous layers with high capillarity and thus is no longer available to the system.
Des Weiteren wird durch das Reservoir bewirkt, dass möglichst kein Wasser, welches beispielsweise verschmutzt und/oder mit Schadstoffen belastet ist, in das erfindungsgemäße System hineindiffundieren kann. Dadurch wird die hohe Qualität des Wassers innerhalb des Systems gesichert.Furthermore, the effect of the reservoir is that as far as possible no water, which is contaminated, for example, and / or contaminated with pollutants, can diffuse into the system according to the invention. This ensures the high quality of the water within the system.
Durch den Einsatz der mindestens zwei Barrierenschichten wird außerdem erreicht, dass sich der Sickerweg des Wassers durch das poröse Material verlängert und somit Wasser bedeutend länger unter der Erde gehalten (gespeichert) werden kann. Das erfindungsgemäße System muss dabei nicht besonders tief ausgebildet sein, was es kostengünstig in seiner Erstellung und Instandhaltung macht. Es ist beispielsweise auch denkbar, für das System stillgelegte Tagebaue, Bergwerke oder sonstige, bereits vorhandene Gruben auszunutzen, oder das System unterhalb eines Schwimmbades anzuordnen.By using the at least two barrier layers is also achieved that the Sickerweg of the water through the porous material extended and thus water can be much longer held under the earth (stored). The system according to the invention need not be particularly deep, which makes it cost-effective in its creation and maintenance. It is also conceivable, for example, to exploit closed-pit mines, mines or other, existing pits, or to arrange the system below a swimming pool.
Es hat sich ferner gezeigt, dass dieses System zur Wasseraufbereitung und Wasseraufreinigung ortsunabhängig, d.h. unabhängig von den geographischen Gegebenheiten und/oder den Bodenverhältnissen vor Ort, eingesetzt werden kann. Die Verwendung von porösem Material in einem im Wesentlichen wasserundurchlässigen, künstlichen, nach außen abgegrenzten, isolierten Reservoir erlaubt außerdem die Aufreinigung von Wasser mit hoher Qualität und die Wasserspeicherung möglichst ohne Wasserverlust.It has also been found that this system for water treatment and water purification is location independent, i. regardless of the geographical conditions and / or the ground conditions on site, can be used. The use of porous material in a substantially water-impervious, artificial, outwardly-isolated, isolated reservoir also allows the purification of high-quality water and water storage as possible without loss of water.
Die Unteransprüche 2 bis 13 betreffen bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Systems.The
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden, mit Bezug auf einige Ausführungsformen, die in den beigefügten
- Fig. 1:
- Wasserspeicherndes und wasserreinigendes System mit einer Barrierenschicht, das aber nicht unter die Erfindung fällt
- Fig.2:
- Erfindungsgemäßes wasserspeicherndes und wasserreinigendes System mit drei Barrierenschichten
- Fig. 3:
- Erfindungsgemäßes wasserspeicherndes und wasserreinigendes System mit drei Barrierenschichten für landwirtschaftliche Nutzflächen
- Fig. 4:
- Wasserspeicherndes und wasserreinigendes System mit verschiedenartigen porösen Schichten für den intensiven Gartenbau, das aber nicht unter die Erfindung fällt
- Fig. 1:
- Water-storing and water-purifying system with a barrier layer, but not covered by the invention
- Figure 2:
- Inventive water-storing and water-purifying system with three barrier layers
- 3:
- Inventive water-storing and water-purifying system with three barrier layers for agricultural land
- 4:
- Water-storing and water-purifying system with various porous layers for intensive gardening, but not covered by the invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein wasserspeicherndes und wasserreinigendes System.The present invention relates to a water storage and water purification system.
Die
Durch die Verwendung eines künstlichen, im Wesentlichen wasserundurchlässigen Reservoirs 2 wird erreicht, dass möglichst kein Wasser aus dem erfindungsgemäßen System 1 in tiefere, poröse, Wasser anziehende Schichten verloren geht.The use of an artificial, substantially water-
Das einfache Versickern von Wasser in tiefer gelegene Schichten ist ein Problem, was vielerorts auf der Erde vorkommt. Als Beispiel sei hier das Hochplateau von Johannisburg genannt. Dieses Plateau ist dafür bekannt, dass Wasser aufgrund der Porosität des Bodens in tiefer gelegene Untergrundströme verschwindet und somit der obersten, humushaltigen Schicht nicht mehr zur Verfügung steht. In diesem Gebiet ist während der Wintermonate und manchmal sogar länger, so gut wie keine Vegetation möglich.The simple infiltration of water into deeper layers is a problem that occurs in many places on Earth. An example is the high plateau of Johannisburg. This plateau is known to cause water to disappear into deeper underground streams due to the porosity of the soil, thus rendering the topmost, humus-containing layer unavailable. In this area almost no vegetation is possible during the winter months and sometimes even longer.
Außerdem wird durch das im Wesentlichen wasserundurchlässige, künstliche Reservoir 2 bewirkt, dass möglichst kein Wasser, welches beispielsweise verunreinigt und/oder salzhaltig ist, von außen in das erfindungsgemäße System hineinsickern kann und dadurch die Qualität des zu speichernden und zu reinigenden Wasser mindert.In addition, the essentially water-impermeable,
Das Reservoir 2 hat weiterhin den Vorteil, dass das erfindungsgemäße System 1 ortsunabhängig, also unabhängig von der geologischen Beschaffenheit, den Klimaverhältnissen und/oder den Bodenverhältnissen vor Ort, zur Wasseraufreinigung bzw. Wasserspeicherung eingesetzt werden kann.The
Das Reservoir 2 kann, wie in
Das Reservoir 2 kann jede geeignete Größe aufweisen. Es hat sich jedoch als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Größe des Reservoirs 2 an die zu erwartende Niederschlagsmenge und an die zu speichernde Wassermenge anzupassen. Ist das Reservoir beispielsweise unter einem Schwimmbad angeordnet, so weist es vorzugsweise wenigstens die Hälfte des Schwimmbadvolumens auf.The
Die Größe des Reservoirs 2 kann auch davon abhängen, ob das erfindungsgemäße System 1 zur Wasserspeicherung, Wasserreinigung und/oder Bewässerung verwendet wird. Beispielsweise kann ein erfindungsgemäßes System 1, welches hauptsächlich zur Bewässerung eingesetzt wird, eher flacher ausgebildet sein.The size of the
Das Reservoir 2 ist zumindest teilweise mit porösem Material 3 gefüllt. Unter "zumindest teilweise" ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verstehen, dass das Reservoir 2 mit wenigstens so viel porösem Material 3 zu befüllen ist, wie notwendig ist, um eine ausreichend gute Speicherung und Reinigung des Wassers zu erreichen.The
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei dem porösen Material 3 um Schotter, Kies, Sand (z.B. Quarzsand) oder um eine Mischung daraus. Es kann aber auch Lehm, Schlick und/oder Ton verwendet werden. Auch andere Materialien, wie beispielsweise Kunststoffe, können zum Einsatz kommen, wenn sie aufgrund ihrer Porosität, dem Verhältnis des Volumens all ihrer Hohlräume zu ihrem äußeren Volumen, in der Lage sind, Wasser zu speichern und zu transportieren.Preferably, the
Hinsichtlich der Porengröße eines porösen Materials 3, ist zwischen Grob, Fein- und Feinstporen zu unterscheiden. Grobporen (Makroporen) haben einen Porendurchmesser von > 1 mm (sie sind mit dem bloßen Auge sichtbar). Bei den Feinporen handelt es sich um Mikroporen mit einem Porendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 0,1 µm. Diese Kapillarporen transportieren das Wasser. Die Feinstporen, auch Ultramikroporen oder Gelporen genannt, haben einen Porendurchmesser von < 0,1 µm und wirken beim langsamen, lang anhaltenden Wassertransport mit.With regard to the pore size of a
Es wird ausschließlich poröses Material 3 mit Feinstporen verwendet. Dadurch wird ein besonders langsamer Wassertransport erreicht. Der wiederum bewirkt, dass das Wasser sehr lange innerhalb des Reservoirs 2 gehalten und somit gespeichert werden kann. Hier ist vorzugsweise eine Zirkulationszeit von 10 bis 30 Tagen vorzusehen. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich eine Zirkulationszeit von wenigstens 21 Tagen erwiesen.Only
Das System 1 gemäß
Abgesehen von dem Durchlass 6, der wasserdurchlässig ist, ist die Barrierenschicht 5 aus einem Material gefertigt, welches im Wesentlichen wasserundurchlässig ist.Apart from the
Unter "im Wesentlichen wasserundurchlässig" wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung verstanden, dass die Barrierenschicht 5 derart ausgebildet ist, dass der Hauptteil des Wassers, welcher durch das Reservoir 2 sickert, daran gehindert wird, durch die Barrierenschicht 5 hindurch in den Bereich oberhalb bzw. unterhalb der Barrierenschicht 5 zu gelangen.In the context of the present invention, "essentially water-impermeable" is understood to mean that the
Die Barrierenschicht 5 dient bzw. die Barrierenschichten 5 dienen der Verlängerung des Sickerwegs des Wassers durch das poröse Material 3 des Reservoirs 2. Durch die Verlängerung des Sickerwegs bleibt das Wasser länger unterhalb der Oberfläche. Es kann somit länger innerhalb des Reservoirs 2 gespeichert werden. Außerdem wird das Wasser über einen längeren Zeitraum gefiltert, wodurch sich die Qualität des gereinigten Wassers verbessert.The
Sowohl die Fähigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Systems 1 Wasser zu speichern als auch die Qualität des mit dem erfindungsgemäßen System 1 aufgereinigten Wassers, nimmt mit der Anzahl der verwendeten Barrierenschichten 5 zu.Both the ability of the system 1 according to the invention to store water and the quality of the water purified with the system 1 according to the invention increase with the number of
Die verbesserte Qualität des aufgereinigten Wassers lässt sich insbesondere dadurch erklären, dass durch die Barrierenschicht 5 bzw. durch die Barriereschichten 5 die Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich das Wasser durch das erfindungsgemäße System 1 bewegt, reduziert bzw. immer wieder von Neuem reduziert wird. Eine möglichst niedrige Fließgeschwindigkeit ist zum Erzielen eines hohen Reinigungsgrades besonders vorteilhaft.The improved quality of the purified water can be explained in particular by the fact that the speed at which the water moves through the system 1 according to the invention is reduced or repeatedly reduced again by the
Erreicht das Wasser die Barrierenschicht 5, so beginnt es sich durch nachsickerndes Wasser zu stauen. Normalerweise wandert Wasser durch poröses Material offenporig (durch das Materialinnere oder über Wandungsöffnungen von einem Material zum nächsten Material) und geschlossenzellig (immer um die einzelnen Materialien herum). In diesem gestauten Zustand dringt es aber in die Kapillaren des porösen Materials 3 besonders gut und tief ein. Es verhält sich also eher offenporig. Dies führt dazu, dass sich in dem Bereich unmittelbar vor der Barrierenschicht 5 Dreck-und Schmutzteilchen in und an den Poren besonders gut ablagern bzw. absetzen können.
Vorzugsweise ist die Barrierenschicht 5 bzw. sind die Barrierenschichten 5 horizontal angeordnet, wie in
Preferably, the
Der Durchlass 6 für Wasser nimmt bzw. die Durchlässe 6 für Wasser nehmen insgesamt, relativ zur gesamten Barrierenschicht 5, nur einen kleinen Flächenbereich ein. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich hierbei um einen Flächenbereich von 5 bis 20%. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Flächenbereich von 8 bis 15%. Am meisten bevorzugt ist ein Flächenbereich von 10 bis 12% bezogen auf die Gesamtfläche der Barrierenschicht 5.The
Vorzugsweise ist der Durchlass 6 für Wasser an einer ausgewählten Stelle angeordnet. Beispielsweise kann der Durchlass 6 für Wasser im äußeren Bereich der Barrierenschicht 5 angeordnet sein, wie im Ausführungsbeispiel in
Aufgrund der Möglichkeit, über die Anzahl, die Größe und/oder die Geometrie des Durchlasses 6, die Fließgeschwindigkeit des Wassers durch das erfindungsgemäße System 1 beliebig variieren zu können, kann für jedes Trennproblem eine geeignete Trenngeschwindigkeit gefunden und unabhängig vom Verschmutzungsgrad des Wassers mit dem erfindungsgemäßen System 1 sehr gute Aufreinigungsergebnisse erzielt werden.Owing to the possibility of being able to vary the flow rate of the water through the system 1 according to the invention by way of the number, size and / or geometry of the
Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn der Durchlass 6 für Wasser innerhalb der Barrierenschicht 5 in Form eines Schlitzes oder eines Lochs vorliegt.It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the
Erfindungsgemäß sind bei wenigstens zwei Barrierenschichten 5, die Durchlässe 6 von jeweils zwei benachbarten Barrierenschichten 5 gegeneinander versetzt anzuordnen (siehe
Durch das versetzte Anordnen der Durchlässe 6 für Wasser wird der Sickerweg des Wassers durch das erfindungsgemäße System 1 verlängert bzw. so maximal wie möglich gestaltet. Das führt wiederum dazu, dass die Verweildauer des Wassers innerhalb des erfindungsgemäßen Systems 1 zunimmt. Beispielsweise erhöht sich die Verweildauer des Wassers innerhalb eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems 1 mit zwei Barrierenschichten 5 und jeweils eines am Ende der Barrierenschicht 5 entgegengesetzt angeordneten Durchlasses 6 für Wasser, bei einem gegebenen Volumen und bei einem gewählten porösen Material 3, um etwa das Dreifache und bei einem erfindungsgemäßen System 1 mit drei Barrierenschichten 5, um etwa das Vierfache gegenüber der Verweildauer des Wassers in einem System, welches keine Barrieren umfasst. Die Erhöhung der Verweildauer des aufzureinigenden Wassers wirkt sich indes besonders positiv auf die Qualität des aufgereinigten Wassers aus. Außerdem kann mehr Wasser pro Zeiteinheit und Volumenelement innerhalb des erfindungsgemäßen Systems 1 gespeichert werden.By the staggered arrangement of the
Das poröse Material 3, welches sich oberhalb und unterhalb der Barrierenschicht 5 befindet, kann ein und dasselbe sein. Es hat sich aber als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn sich das poröse Material 3 oberhalb und unterhalb der Barrierenschicht 5 unterscheidet. Das hat folgenden Grund: Durch das Variieren der Porosität des porösen Materials 3 innerhalb des erfindungsgemäßen Systems 1 wird das Wasser immer wieder neuen Widerständen bzw. Anziehungskräften ausgesetzt. Diese bewirken, dass sich das Wasser im Inneren des erfindungsgemäßen Systems 1 mit unterschiedlichen Fließgeschwindigkeiten fortbewegt. Dadurch wird die Qualität des gefilterten Wassers nochmals erhöht.The
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen System 1 wird eine Wasserqualität erreicht, die Trinkwasserqualität entspricht. Wird mit dem erfindungsgemäßen System 1 Wasser über einen Zeitraum von mindestens 19 Tagen unter Tage gehalten, ist es sogar keimfrei bzw. steril. Durch die Verwendung von porösem Material 3, z.B. Quarzsand, der durch die Speicherung immer wieder unterschiedlichen Drücken ausgesetzt ist und darauf mit einer elektrischen Polarisierung reagiert (piezoelektrischer Effekt), kommt es nämlich auch zu einer Abtötung bzw. Inaktivierung von Mikroorganismen. Dieser Vorgang lässt sich durch die Verwendung verschiedener poröser Materialien 3 noch beschleunigen.With the system 1 according to the invention a water quality is achieved, which corresponds to drinking water quality. If water is kept underground with the system 1 according to the invention over a period of at least 19 days, it is even germ-free or sterile. The use of
Vorzugsweise umfasst das Reservoir 2 und/oder die Barrierenschicht 5 ein Geotextil. Das Geotextil wiederum umfasst in seiner einfachsten Ausführungsform eine Lage aus einem Gewebe oder Vlies, die mit Polyurethan durchsetzt ist.Preferably, the
Die Verwendung eines Geotextils hat den Vorteil, dass unerwünschtes Wasser, wie beispielsweise Salzwasser in küstennahen Gebieten, möglichst nicht in das erfindungsgemäße System 1 eindringen bzw. einsickern kann. Außerdem wird Wasser, welches zur Speicherung auf das erfindungsgemäße System 1 aufgebracht wird (künstlich oder natürlich durch Regenfälle), innerhalb dieses Systems 1 gehalten. Es kann nicht einfach in tiefere Schichten versickern. Ein weiterer Vorteil des Geotextils ist, dass es thermisch und mechanisch bedingte Verschiebungen im Gefüge des Bodens (z.B. bei einem Erdbeben) mitmacht. Durch seine Stabilität und Witterungsbeständigkeit ist es auch nach längerer Gebrauchszeit gegenüber Beschädigungen durch Wurzeln oder spitze Steine resistent.The use of a geotextile has the advantage that unwanted water, such as salt water in coastal areas, as far as possible can not penetrate into the system 1 according to the invention or infiltrate. In addition, water which is applied to the system 1 according to the invention for storage (artificially or naturally by rainfall) is kept within this system 1. It can not easily seep into deeper layers. Another advantage of the geotextile is that it participates in thermally and mechanically induced displacements in the structure of the soil (for example in an earthquake). Due to its stability and weather resistance, it is resistant to damage caused by roots or pointed stones even after prolonged use.
Es ist außerdem von Vorteil, dass sich die äußere Form des Geotextils an das Gelände vor Ort anpassen lässt. Dies ist auf sein besonderes Herstellungsverfahren zurückzuführen. Ein Reservoir, welches ein Geotextil umfasst, kann folglich äußerst flexibel eingesetzt werden. Das spart Zeit und zusätzliche Kosten, z.B. für Erdbauarbeiten.It is also advantageous that the outer shape of the geotextile can be adapted to the terrain on site. This is due to his special manufacturing process. A reservoir comprising a geotextile can therefore be used extremely flexibly. This saves time and additional costs, e.g. for earthworks.
Dass für das Geotextil verwendete Polyurethan kann durch Polymerisation eines Zweikomponentensystems, bestehend aus einer Polyolkomponente, umfassend ein Polyetherpolyol, ein Polyesterpolyol, ein Propylenoxid-Homopolymer und gemahlenes Molekularsieb und aus einer Isocyanatkomponente, umfassend Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat, gebildet sein.The polyurethane used for the geotextile may be formed by polymerizing a two-component system consisting of a polyol component comprising a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a propylene oxide homopolymer and a ground molecular sieve, and an isocyanate component comprising diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate.
Das Massenverhältnis Polyolkomponente zu Isocyanatkomponente liegt bevorzugt in einem Bereich von etwa 108:15 bis etwa 102:21, eher bevorzugt in einem Bereich von etwa 106:17 bis etwa 104:19, am meisten bevorzugt beträgt es etwas 105:18.The mass ratio of polyol component to isocyanate component is preferably in the range of about 108:15 to about 102:21, more preferably in the range of about 106:17 to about 104:19, most preferably about 105:18.
Umfasst das Geotextil ein Vlies, dann hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das Vlies zusätzlich Spinnfasern von 3 bis 15 cm Länge umfasst. Vorzugsweise bestehen die Spinnfasern aus einem Kunststoff, der aus Polypropylen, Polyethylen, Polyacrylnitril, Polyamid, Polyvinylchlorid und Polyester ausgewählt ist.If the geotextile comprises a fleece, then it has proved to be particularly advantageous if the fleece additionally comprises staple fibers of 3 to 15 cm in length. Preferably, the staple fibers are made of a plastic selected from polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride and polyester.
Das Vlies kann weiterhin Drähte umfassen. Optional können auch flächenhafte Gebilde (Blättchen) aus elastomeren Polymeren, vorwiegend aus natürlichen Rohstoffen, enthalten sein.The nonwoven may further comprise wires. Optionally, sheet-like structures (leaflets) of elastomeric polymers, predominantly of natural raw materials, may be included.
Die Spinnfasern und gewünschtenfalls Drähte und/oder Blättchen können so aneinandergefügt werden, dass deren Festigkeit richtungsunabhängig ist. Dadurch wird eine dem Boden flexible Flächenausbildung mit guter Anpassung an unebenen Untergrund ohne Gefahr von Beschädigungen des Gefüges erreicht.The staple fibers and, if desired, wires and / or flakes can be joined together so that their strength is independent of the direction. As a result, a flexible surface training is achieved with good adaptation to uneven ground without risk of damage to the structure.
Umfasst das Geotextil ein Gewebe, so dient dieses Gewebe aus kreuzenden Fäden und Fasersystemen (Fasergewebe) ausschließlich als Bewährung sowie zur Aufnahme des Polyurethans.If the geotextile comprises a fabric, then this fabric of crossing threads and fiber systems (fibrous tissue) serves only as a test and for the absorption of the polyurethane.
Das Geotextil kann wie folgt hergestellt werden: Zunächst wird ein gegebenes Bodenareal ausgehoben. Die ausgehobene Erdmenge entspricht dabei der Berechnung nach dem zu erwartenden Niederschlag und der gewünschten Wassermenge, die gespeichert werden soll. Dann wird die als Armierung dienende Lage auf dem abzudichtenden Boden (z.B. Grube) flächendeckend ausgelegt. Anschließend werden die Polyolkomponente und die Isocyanatkomponente mittels einer Sprühmaschine auf die vorbereitete Lage aufgespritzt. Beide Komponenten härten schließlich innerhalb kurzer Zeit (einige Minuten) von selber unter Bildung des Polyurethans aus.The geotextile can be made as follows: First, a given ground area is excavated. The excavated amount of earth corresponds to the calculation according to the expected precipitation and the desired amount of water to be stored. Then serving as reinforcement layer is laid out on the ground to be sealed (eg pit) nationwide. Subsequently, the Polyol component and the isocyanate component by means of a spraying machine sprayed onto the prepared layer. Both components eventually cure within a short time (a few minutes) to form the polyurethane.
Beim Besprühen mit den beiden Komponenten werden in der Lage aus Vlies oder Gewebe die Hohl- und/oder Zwischenräume, die zwischen den vorher angeführten Fasern, Drähten und/oder Blättchen vorhanden sind, ausgefüllt, so dass diese Hohl- und/oder Zwischenräume nach dem Aushärten im Wesentlichen abgedichtet sind. Gleichzeitig werden die Fasern, Drähte und/oder flächenhaften Gebilde durch das Polyurethan mechanisch fest miteinander verbunden, wobei durch das spezielle Geflecht, die enorme Flexibilität des Polyurethans im vollen Umfang erhalten bleibt.When spraying with the two components are in the position of fleece or fabric, the hollow and / or interstices, which are present between the previously mentioned fibers, wires and / or platelets, filled, so that these cavities and / or spaces after the Curing are substantially sealed. At the same time, the fibers, wires and / or laminar structures are mechanically bonded together by the polyurethane, whereby the special mesh keeps the enormous flexibility of the polyurethane in its entirety.
Als "im Wesentlichen abgedichtet" wird in diesem Zusammenhang verstanden, dass die Durchtrittsleistung für Wasser durch die Lage (in Liter Wasser pro m2 Lagenfläche und Zeit) durch das eingedrungene Polyurethan bevorzugt um mindestens 99%, eher bevorzugt um mindestens 99,9% verringert wird, wenn mit einer gleichen aber polyurethanfreien Lage verglichen wird. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Abdichtung durch das Polyurethan dergestalt, dass das fertige Geotextil wasserundurchlässig, mithin wasserdicht ist.In this context, the term "substantially sealed" is understood to mean that the throughput of water through the layer (in liters of water per m 2 of layer area and time) is preferably reduced by at least 99%, more preferably by at least 99.9%, by the infiltrated polyurethane is compared when compared with a same but non-polyurethane layer. Particularly preferably, the sealing by the polyurethane is such that the finished geotextile is impermeable to water, thus waterproof.
Nach dem Aufbringen einer ersten Schicht Polyurethan kann der Sprühvorgang durch Aufbringen einer zweiten Schicht wiederholt werden. Dadurch erhöht sich nochmals die Stabilität der Lage.After applying a first layer of polyurethane, the spraying process can be repeated by applying a second layer. This again increases the stability of the situation.
Gewünschtenfalls kann auf dem gebildeten Geotextil noch eine zweite Lage aus Gewebe oder Vlies aufgebracht werden. Diese zweite Lage kann als zusätzlicher Wurzeldurchdringungsschutz dienen.If desired, it is also possible to apply a second layer of woven or nonwoven fabric to the geotextile formed. This second layer can serve as additional root penetration protection.
Auch bei einem Geotextil, welches vorzugsweise eine zweite Lage aus einem Gewebe oder Vlies umfasst, sind die in der zweiten Lage vorhandene Hohl- und/oder Zwischenräume von dem Polyurethan ausgefüllt. Außerdem ist die erste und zweite Lage mittels Polyurethan miteinander verklebt.Even with a geotextile, which preferably comprises a second layer made of a woven or non-woven fabric, the hollow and / or intermediate spaces present in the second layer are filled by the polyurethane. In addition, the first and second layer is glued together by polyurethane.
Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn auch die Außenflächen der ersten und/oder zweiten Lage mit dem Polyurethan beschichtet sind.It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the outer surfaces of the first and / or second layer are coated with the polyurethane.
Polyurethan hat den Vorteil, dass es eine hohe Reißfestigkeit und Bruchdeckung (weit über 200%) aufweißt. Es ist beständig gegenüber sämtlichen Umwelteinflüssen, auch gegenüber salzhaltigen oder verunreinigten Böden. Es unterliegt auch keinen Alterungs- und Versprödungsprozessen. Selbst bei ständiger freier Bewitterung ist es über einen Zeitraum von 20 Jahren beständig. Durch die Verwendung des Polyurethans zusammen mit einem Vlies oder Gewebe, wird die Alterung des Polyurethans noch weiter verzögert (um circa eine Zehnerpotenz).Polyurethane has the advantage that it has a high resistance to tearing and breakage (well over 200%). It is resistant to all environmental influences, even against saline or contaminated soils. It is also subject to no aging and embrittlement processes. Even with constant free weathering it is stable over a period of 20 years. By using the polyurethane together with a fleece or fabric, the aging of the polyurethane is further delayed (by about one order of magnitude).
Das erfindungsgemäße System 1 umfasst, wie im Ausführungsbeispiel in
Der Wasserauffangbehälter 4 kann, wie in
Beispielsweise kann der Wasserauffangbehälter 4 auch ein Spanischer Reiter sein.For example, the
Vorzugsweise ist der Wasserauffangbehälter 4 über die Öffnung 7 mit einer Wasserentnahmestation 9 verbunden. Mit der Wasserentnahmestation 9 kann Wasser, welches aufgrund seines hydrodynamischen Potentials bis in die poröse Schicht unterhalb der untersten Barrierenschicht 5 gewandert und dann weiter durch die Öffnung 8 bzw. durch die Öffnungen 8 in den Wasserauffangbehälter 4 gesickert ist, entnommen werden. Die Wasserentnahmestation 9 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel in
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Wasserentnahmestation 9 so ausgebildet ist, dass sie die Öffnung 7 des Wasserauffangbehälters 4 vollständig verschließt (siehe
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der Öffnung 8 um ein Loch oder um einen Schlitz. Weist der Wasserauffangbehälter 4 mehr als eine Öffnung 8 auf, so können diese Öffnungen 8 in Form von Löchern und/oder Schlitzen vorliegen. Sie können aber auch jede andere geeignete Form haben. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel in
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der Wasserentnahmestation 9 um eine Pumpstation.Preferably, the
Durch das Abpumpen von Wasser aus dem Wasserauffangbehälter 4 kann die Fließgeschwindigkeit des Wassers durch das erfindungsgemäße System 1 variiert werden (Änderung des hydrodynamischen Potentials).By pumping out water from the
So bewegt sich beispielsweise Wasser umso schneller durch das Reservoir 2, je höher der Wasserstand innerhalb des Reservoirs 2 im Vergleich zum Wasserstand innerhalb des Wasserauffangbehälters 4 nach dem Abpumpen ist und je geringer der Widerstand ist, den das poröse Material 3 dem durchsickernden Wasser bietet.For example, water moves faster through the
Durch das Abpumpen lässt sich somit auch die Verweilzeit des durchsickernden Wassers innerhalb des erfindungsgemäßen Systems 1 variieren, was sich wiederum auf die Qualität des zu reinigenden Wassers auswirkt.As a result of the pumping out, the residence time of the percolating water within the system 1 according to the invention can thus also be varied, which in turn has an effect on the quality of the water to be purified.
Vorzugsweise wird das Abpumpen des gefilterten Wassers so durchgeführt, dass die Verweilzeit des Wassers innerhalb des Reservoirs 2 möglichst lang ist. Denn je länger das Wasser durch das Innere des Reservoirs 2 sickert, umso reiner ist es. Es wirkt sich außerdem besonders vorteilhaft auf das Reinigungsergebnis aus, wenn das durchsickernde Wasser während der Filterung immer wieder neuen Druckverhältnissen ausgesetzt wird. Dabei sickert das Wasser zunächst durch das System 1, bis es unterhalb der untersten Barrierenschicht 5 am Boden des Reservoirs 2 angelangt ist. Aufgrund des nachfließenden Wassers steigt der Pegel im System 1 an und das Wasser wird nun von unten sowohl durch den Wasserauffangbehälter 4 als Steigrohr als auch durch die Durchlässe 6 der Barriereschichten 5 wieder nach oben gedrückt. Somit kommt es zu einer Rezirkulation des Wassers im System 1. Mit dem weiterhin von oben nachfließenden Wasser führt diese Rezirkulation zu einer noch verbesserten Reinigung des Wassers im System 1.Preferably, the pumped out of the filtered water is carried out so that the residence time of the water within the
Auf der Schicht porösen Materials 3 oberhalb der obersten Barrierenschicht 5 des erfindungsgemäßen Systems 1 kann, wie im Ausführungsbeispiel in
Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das poröse Material 3 oberhalb der obersten Barrierenschicht 5 eine hohe Kapillarität bzw. einen hohen Wasseraufnahmekoeffizienten aufweist.It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the
Die Kapillarität ist eine physikalische Eigenschaft, die durch Adhäsion, Kohäsion und Oberflächenspannung begründet wird und die den Transport von Flüssigkeiten und den darin enthaltenen Stoffen innerhalb feinster Haarröhrchen, Spalten und Poren, in allen Richtungen, also auch entgegengesetzt der Schwerkraft bewirkt.The capillarity is a physical property, which is due to adhesion, cohesion and surface tension and which causes the transport of liquids and the substances contained therein within the finest hair tubes, crevices and pores, in all directions, and thus also opposite to gravity.
Hat das poröse Material 3 in der oberen Schicht nun feinste Kapillaren, so saugt es Wasser an, und zwar so lange, bis es gesättigt ist und kein weiteres Wasser mehr aufnehmen kann. Dieses Wasser kann dann der humushaltigen Schicht als unmittelbarer Wasserspeicher dienen. Dadurch wird auch in niederschlagsarmen Gebieten Vegetation möglich.If the
Diese hochkapillare Schicht porösen Materials 3, die vorzugsweise aus Feinstporen besteht, hat auch die Wirkung einer Isolationsschicht für das gesamte erfindungsgemäße System 1. Sie kann besonders gut das Wasser halten und es auch daran hindern, an der Bodenoberfläche zu verdunsten.This high-capillary layer of
Im folgenden wird ein weiteres wasserspeicherndes und wasserreinigendes System 1' beschrieben.In the following, another water-storing and water-purifying system 1 'will be described.
Die
Das Reservoir 2' kann, wie in
Bezüglich der weiteren Eigenschaften des Reservoirs 2' sei auf bereits oben Gesagtes verwiesen. Es gilt für dieses System 1' entsprechend.With regard to the further properties of the reservoir 2 ', reference is made to what has already been said above. It applies to this system 1 'accordingly.
Vorzugsweise umfasst das Reservoir 2' ein Geotextil. Das Geotextil wiederum umfasst in seiner einfachsten Ausführungsform eine Lage aus einem Gewebe oder Vlies, die mit Polyurethan durchsetzt ist.Preferably, the reservoir 2 'comprises a geotextile. The geotextile, in turn, in its simplest embodiment, comprises a layer of woven or non-woven interspersed with polyurethane.
Dass für das Geotextil verwendete Polyurethan kann durch Polymerisation eines Zweikomponentensystems, bestehend aus einer Polyolkomponente, umfassend ein Polyetherpolyol, ein Polyesterpolyol, ein Propylenoxid-Homopolymer und gemahlenes Molekularsieb und aus einer Isocyanatkomponente, umfassend Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat, gebildet sein.The polyurethane used for the geotextile may be formed by polymerizing a two-component system consisting of a polyol component comprising a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a propylene oxide homopolymer and a ground molecular sieve, and an isocyanate component comprising diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate.
Bezüglich der weiteren Bestandteile (Fasern, Drähte, Blättchen) des Vlies und des Gewebes wird auf die obige Beschreibung des Geotextils verwiesen. Für das Herstellungsverfahren des Geotextils gilt Entsprechendes.With regard to the other constituents (fibers, wires, leaflets) of the fleece and of the fabric, reference is made to the above description of the geotextile. The same applies to the production process of the geotextile.
Das Reservoir 2' ist zumindest teilweise mit einem porösen Material 3' gefüllt. Unter "zumindest teilweise" ist zu verstehen, dass das Reservoir 2' mit wenigstens so viel porösem Material 3' zu befüllen ist, wie notwendig ist, um eine ausreichend gute Speicherung und Reinigung des Wassers zu erreichen.The reservoir 2 'is at least partially filled with a porous material 3'. By "at least in part" is meant that the reservoir 2 'is to be filled with at least as much porous material 3' as is necessary in order to achieve sufficiently good storage and purification of the water.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei dem porösen Material 3' um Schotter, Kies, Sand (z.B. Quarzsand) oder um eine Mischung daraus. Es kann aber auch Lehm, Schlick und/oder Ton verwendet werden. Auch andere Materialien, wie beispielsweise Kunststoffe, können zum Einsatz kommen, wenn sie aufgrund ihrer Porosität, dem Verhältnis des Volumens all ihrer Hohlräume zu ihrem äußeren Volumen, in der Lage sind Wasser, zu speichern und zu transportieren.Preferably, the porous material 3 'is gravel, gravel, sand (e.g., quartz sand) or a mixture thereof. But clay, silt and / or clay can also be used. Other materials, such as plastics, may be used if they are able to store and transport water due to their porosity, the ratio of the volume of all their voids to their outer volume.
Durch die Wahl des porösen Materials 3' kann das Fließverhalten des Wassers innerhalb des Systems 1' verändert werden.By choosing the porous material 3 ', the flow behavior of the water within the system 1' can be changed.
Wasser sucht sich immer den Weg des geringsten Widerstandes. Ebenso verhält es sich auch mit dem Fließverhalten von Wasser innerhalb des Systems 1' (gilt auch für System 1). Poröses Material 3', welches wasserungesättigt ist, nimmt Wasser auf, während poröses Material 3', welches wassergesättigt ist, Wasser in weniger gesättigte Bereiche abgibt. Daraus resultiert dann die Fließströmung. Die Verwendung von porösem Material 3', dessen Kapillarität in Richtung des Bodens des Reservoirs 2' zunimmt, bewirkt beispielsweise, dass das Wasser in tiefer gelegene Schichten gesaugt wird (zusätzlich zur Schwerkraft). Wählt man hingegen poröses Material 3', dessen Kapillarität in Richtung der Oberfläche des Reservoirs 2' zunimmt, so wird Wasser in höher gelegene Schichten (entgegen der Schwerkraft) gesogen.Water always seeks the path of least resistance. The same applies to the flow behavior of water within system 1 '(also applies to system 1). Porous material 3 ', which is water-saturated, absorbs water, while porous material 3', which is water-saturated, releases water into less saturated areas. This then results in the flow flow. For example, the use of porous material 3 'whose capillarity increases toward the bottom of the reservoir 2' causes the water to be drawn into deeper layers (in addition to gravity). On the other hand, if one chooses porous material 3 'whose capillarity increases in the direction of the surface of the reservoir 2', water is drawn into higher layers (contrary to gravity).
Es hat sich daher als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn innerhalb des Reservoirs 2' verschiedene Schichten von porösem Material 3' mit unterschiedlicher Kapillarität angeordnet sind.It has therefore proven to be advantageous if within the reservoir 2 'different layers of porous material 3' are arranged with different capillarity.
Von besonderem Vorteil ist, wenn das poröse Material 3' in der unteren Schicht poröser als das poröse Material 3' in der oberen Schicht ist. In diesem Fall kann eine besonders gute Wasserqualität (Trinkwasserqualität) des gefilterten Wassers erreicht werden.It is particularly advantageous if the porous material 3 'in the lower layer is more porous than the porous material 3' in the upper layer. In this case, a particularly good water quality (drinking water quality) of the filtered water can be achieved.
Das System 1' umfasst weiterhin einen Wasserauffangbehälter 4', der sich vom Boden des Reservoirs 2' bis mindestens zu dessen Oberfläche erstreckt, wobei der Wasserauffangbehälter 4' im oberen Bereich eine Öffnung 6' und im unteren Bereich mindestens eine Öffnung 5' aufweist, durch die Wasser fließen kann.The system 1 'further comprises a water collecting container 4' which extends from the bottom of the reservoir 2 'to at least its surface, the water collecting container 4' having an opening 6 'in the upper region and at least one opening 5' in the lower region the water can flow.
Vorzugsweise ist der Wasserauffangbehälter 4' ein Brunnen oder ein Spanischer Reiter. Im Ausführungsbeispiel in
Der Wasserauffangbehälter 4' kann über die obere Öffnung 6' mit einer Wasserentnahmestation 7' verbunden sein (siehe
Bei der Wasserentnahmestation 7' kann es sich beispielsweise um eine Pumpstation handeln. Durch die Entnahme von Wasser aus dem Wasserauffangbehälter 4' mit Hilfe einer Pumpe kann das inhärente hydrodynamische Potential des Wasserflusses durch das System 1' erhöht werden.The water removal station 7 'can be, for example, a pumping station. By removing water from the water collecting container 4 'by means of a pump, the inherent hydrodynamic potential of the water flow through the system 1' can be increased.
Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, das hydrodynamische Potential so zu wählen, dass die Verweilzeit des Wassers innerhalb des Reservoirs 2' möglichst lang ist. Denn je langsamer das Wasser durch das Reservoirs 2' sickert, umso reiner ist es, wenn es den Wasserauffangbehälter 4' erreicht.It has proved to be particularly advantageous to choose the hydrodynamic potential so that the residence time of the water within the reservoir 2 'is as long as possible. For the slower the water seeps through the reservoir 2 ', the purer it is when it reaches the water collecting container 4'.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der Öffnung 5' um ein Loch oder um einen Schlitz. Weist der Wasserauffangbehälter 4' mehr als eine Öffnung 5' auf, so können diese Öffnungen 5' in Form von Löchern und/oder Schlitzen vorliegen. Die Öffnungen 5' können aber auch jede andere geeignete Form haben. Der Wasserauffangbehälter 4' im Ausführungsbeispiel in
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Wasserentnahmestation 7' so ausgebildet ist, dass sie die Öffnung 6' des Wasserauffangbehälters 4' vollständig verschließt (siehe
Auf der obersten Schicht porösen Materials 3' des Systems 1' kann, wie im Ausführungsbeispiel in
Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das poröse Material 3' in der obersten Schicht eine hohe Kapillarität bzw. einen hohen Wasseraufnahmekoeffizienten aufweist. Das in den Kapillaren befindliche Wasser steht dann der humusführenden Schicht als unmittelbarer Wasserspeicher zur Verfügung. Dadurch wird auch intensiver Gartenbau in sehr trockenen Regionen der Erde möglich.It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the porous material 3 'in the uppermost layer has a high capillarity or a high water absorption coefficient. The water in the capillaries is then available to the humus-bearing layer as an immediate water reservoir. This also makes intensive horticulture possible in very dry regions of the earth.
Das erfindungsgemäße System 1 als auch das System 1 der
Die erfindungsgemäßen Systeme können ortsunabhängig eingesetzt werden. Beispielsweise ist ihr Einsatz auch in Küstengebieten nahe am Meer oder in Regionen mit versalzenden Böden möglich. Die bekannten Systeme zur Wasseraufreinigung und Wasserspeicherung zeigen keine Lösung dafür.The systems according to the invention can be used independently of location. For example, their use is also possible in coastal areas close to the sea or in regions with saline soils. The known systems for water purification and water storage show no solution.
Durch die erfindungsgemäßen Systeme kann die Wasserversorgung in Trockenregionen sichergestellt werden. Oftmals ist sogar eine weitere Ernte möglich.By the systems according to the invention, the water supply can be ensured in dry regions. Often even another harvest is possible.
Mit den erfindungsgemäßen Systemen kann außerdem Wasser in besonders hoher Qualität aufgereinigt werden. Durch die Verwendung eines im Wesentlichen wasserundurchlässigen Reservoirs 2, 2', wird erreicht, dass bereits gefiltertes Wasser bzw. noch zu filterndes Wasser möglichst nicht durch in das System 1, 1' hineinsickerndes Wasser, welches beispielsweise mit Schadstoffen belastet ist, verunreinigt wird.In addition, water can be purified in a particularly high quality with the systems according to the invention. By using a substantially water-
Weiterhin wird durch die Verwendung von porösem Material 3 in Kombination mit mindestens einer Barrierenschicht 5 der Sickerweg des Wassers verlängert, wodurch es möglich wird, Wasser sehr lange innerhalb des Reservoirs zu halten (besonders gute Wasserspeicherung). Durch den zusätzlichen Einsatz von verschiedenen porösen Materialien 3, kann die Fähigkeit des Systems 1 Wasser zu speichern noch gesteigert werden. Darüber hinaus wird die Qualität des aufgereinigten Wassers weiter verbessert.Furthermore, the use of
Die Erfindung wird nun durch das folgende Beispiel veranschaulicht. Diese dienen nur zur Illustration, nicht aber zur Beschränkung des Schutzumfangs.The invention will now be illustrated by the following example. These are for illustrative purposes only and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of protection.
Auf eine in Küstennähe in den Boden eingegrabene Grube mit einer Tiefe von 3,5 m, einer Breite von 5 m und einer Länge von 10 m wurde zur Herstellung des Reservoirs eine Lage aus Vlies ausgelegt. Auf diese Lage wurde eine erste Schicht aus Polyurethan aufgetragen, welche folgende Rezeptur hatte:
(erhältlich durch Polymerisation von Ethylenoxid mit Ethylenglykol, MG 440)
(erhältlich durch Polymerisation von Ethylenglycol und Adipinsäure, MG 390)
(erhältlich durch Polymerisation von
(Voralux HN 370, Hydroxylzahl 26-30 mg KOH/g)
(erhältlich durch Polymerisation von Propylenglycol mit Ethylenglykol, MG 4000)
(obtainable by polymerization of ethylene oxide with ethylene glycol, MW 440)
(obtainable by polymerization of ethylene glycol and adipic acid, MW 390)
(available by polymerization of
(Voralux HN 370, hydroxyl number 26-30 mg KOH / g)
(obtainable by polymerization of propylene glycol with ethylene glycol, MW 4000)
Das Aufsprühen der Rezeptur erfolgte mittels Hochdruckreiniger. Der Sprühdruck betrug für die Polyol-und die Isocyanatkomponente etwa 200 bar. Beide Komponenten wurden separat aufgesprüht. Dabei betrug die Sprühtemperatur 25°C für die Isocyanatkomponente und 35°C für die Polyolkomponente. Die relative Sprühleistung der beiden Düsen entsprach dem Massenverhältnis der Polyolkomponente zu der Isocyanatkomponente. Es wurde soviel Rezeptur aufgetragen, dass eine durchgehende Imprägnierung der Lage erzielt wurde. Nach dem Auftragen der Komponenten bildete sich durch Polymerisation Polyurethan. Dieser Vorgang wurde unter Bildung einer weiteren Polyurethanschicht wiederholt. Nach dem Aushärten innerhalb einiger Sekunden wurde das Reservoir bildende Geotextil mit einer 1 m hohen Schicht aus feinem Sand gefüllt. Darauf wurde eine Barrierenschicht aufgebracht, gefolgt von einer weiteren 1 m hohen Sandschicht. Es folgte eine weitere Barrierenschicht und eine Kiesschicht von 1 m Höhe. Als letzte Schicht wurde eine 0,5 m hohe Schicht Erde aufgebracht. Die beiden Barrierenschichten von 10 m Länge wurden nach dem gleichen Verfahren wie auch das Reservoir hergestellt. Beide Barrierenschichten enthielten jeweils an einer Seite, 0,5 m vor dem Barrierenschichtende, 10 Löcher mit einem Durchmesser von 10 cm in einem Abstand von 10 cm. Die beiden Barrierenschichten wurden so in das Reservoir eingebracht, dass die Löcher entgegengesetzt angeordnet waren. Schließlich wurde ein Brunnen von 0,3 m Breite und 4 m Länge in das Reservoir eingepasst. Er wies im unteren Bereich 5 Öffnungen in Form von 10 cm langen und 2 cm breiten Schlitzen auf. Das obere Ende des Brunnens wurde schließlich mit einer Saugpumpe verbunden.The spraying of the formulation was carried out by means of high-pressure cleaner. The spray pressure was about 200 bar for the polyol and isocyanate components. Both components were sprayed on separately. The spray temperature was 25 ° C for the isocyanate component and 35 ° C for the polyol component. The relative spraying power of the two nozzles corresponded to the mass ratio of the polyol component to the isocyanate component. So much formulation was applied that a continuous impregnation of the situation was achieved. After application of the components, polyurethane was formed by polymerization. This process was repeated to form another polyurethane layer. After curing within a few seconds, the reservoir-forming geotextile was filled with a 1 meter high layer of fine sand. Then a barrier layer was applied, followed by another 1 m high sand layer. This was followed by a further barrier layer and a gravel layer of 1 m height. The last layer was a 0.5 m high layer of soil. The two barrier layers of 10 m in length were produced by the same method as the reservoir. Both barrier layers each contained on one side, 0.5 m in front of the barrier layer end, 10 holes with a diameter of 10 cm at a distance of 10 cm. The two barrier layers were placed in the reservoir so that the holes were opposite. Finally, a well 0.3 m wide and 4 m long was fitted into the reservoir. He had in the
Anschließend wurde das Reservoir künstlich mit Wasser beregnet.Subsequently, the reservoir was irrigated artificially with water.
Fließgeschwindigkeit des Wassers: möglichst niedrige Fließgeschwindigkeit für besonders gute Reinigungsergebnisse
Pumpleistung: sehr gering Pumpleistung, da das Wasser von unten nach oben gedrückt wird
Qualität des Wassers: TrinkwasserFlow rate of water: lowest possible flow rate for particularly good cleaning results
Pumping power: very low pumping power as the water is pushed from the bottom upwards
Quality of the water: drinking water
Claims (13)
- A system for storing and purifying water (1) comprising: a reservoir (2) at least partly filled with porous material (3), a water collecting tank (4), and at least two barrier layers (5) for extension of the leakage path of water;
with the barrier layers (5) being arranged within the substantially water-proof, artificial reservoir (2) delimited towards the outside, the barrier layers (5) being provided each with at least one passage (6) for water, and porous material (3) being provided each above and below the barrier layers (5);
with the water collecting tank (4) above the topmost barrier layer (5) having a first opening (7) and below the lowest barrier layer (5) having at least a second opening (8) through which water can flow;
with the passage (6) for water relating to the total area of the barrier layer (5) having a surface area of 5 % to 20 % and being located in the outer area of the barrier layer (5); and
with the passages (6) for water of adjacent barrier layers (5) each being located offset against each other,
characterised in that
the water collecting tank is located in the reservoir (2) and extends from its bottom upwards at least up to its surface, and
the pores of the porous material (3) have a diameter of less than 0,1 µm. - The system according to at least one of the preceding claims, the water collecting tank (4) being connected with a water withdrawal station (9) via the first opening (7).
- The system according to claim 2, with the water withdrawal station (9) being a pumping station.
- The system according to at least one of the preceding claims, with the barrier layers (5) within the reservoir (2) being substantially in horizontal arrangement.
- The system according to at least one of the preceding claims, with the passage (6) for water existing in the form of a slot or a hole.
- The system according to at least one of the preceding claims, with the reservoir (2) having a trough-shaped or hemispherical form.
- The system according to at least one of the preceding claims, with the porous material (3) being selected from gravel, pebbles and sand or mixtures thereof.
- The system according to at least one of the preceding claims, with the porous material (3) not differing above and below the respective barrier layer (5).
- The system according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, with the porous material (3) differing above and below the respective barrier layer (5).
- The system according to at least one of the preceding claims, with the barrier layers (5) and / or the reservoir (2) comprising a geotextile.
- The system according to claim 10, the geotextile comprising:(i) one layer made from a tissue or a non-woven fabric, and(ii) a polyurethane,with the polyurethane substantially sealing cavities and / or gaps existing in the layer.
- The system according to claim 11, with the polyurethane being formed by polymerisation of a two component system, composed ofa) a polyol component, comprising a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a propylene oxide homopolymer and powdered molecular sieve, andb) an isocyanate component comprising diphenylmethane - 4, 4' -diisocyanate.
- The system according to one of the claims 11 or 12, with the polyurethane filling the cavities and / or gaps in the tissue or non-woven fabric in a waterproof manner.
Priority Applications (16)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL07120361T PL2058441T3 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | System for storing and purifying water |
EP07120361A EP2058441B1 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | System for storing and purifying water |
PT07120361T PT2058441E (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | System for storing and purifying water |
ES07120361T ES2392993T3 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | Water storage and water purification system |
SI200731121T SI2058441T1 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | System for storing and purifying water |
EP11183031A EP2402514A3 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | System for storing and purifying water |
DK07120361.6T DK2058441T3 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | Water storage and purification system |
BRPI0820182A BRPI0820182A2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2008-11-10 | water storage and water purification system. |
AU2008324373A AU2008324373B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2008-11-10 | Water-storing and water-cleaning system |
CN2008801153789A CN101855407B (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2008-11-10 | Water-storing and water-cleaning system |
US12/740,342 US8449219B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2008-11-10 | Water-storage and water-purification system |
PCT/EP2008/009461 WO2009059794A1 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2008-11-10 | Water-storing and water-cleaning system |
ZA2010/02503A ZA201002503B (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2010-04-09 | Water-storage and water-purification system |
IL205519A IL205519A (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2010-05-03 | Water-storing and water cleaning system |
US12/979,238 US8256989B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2010-12-27 | Water-storage and water-purification system |
CY20121101147T CY1113638T1 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2012-11-27 | WATER STORAGE AND WATER CLEANING SYSTEM |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07120361A EP2058441B1 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | System for storing and purifying water |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11183031A Division-Into EP2402514A3 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | System for storing and purifying water |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2058441A1 EP2058441A1 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
EP2058441B1 true EP2058441B1 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
Family
ID=39271471
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11183031A Withdrawn EP2402514A3 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | System for storing and purifying water |
EP07120361A Active EP2058441B1 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | System for storing and purifying water |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11183031A Withdrawn EP2402514A3 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | System for storing and purifying water |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8449219B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2402514A3 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101855407B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008324373B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0820182A2 (en) |
CY (1) | CY1113638T1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2058441T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2392993T3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL205519A (en) |
PL (1) | PL2058441T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT2058441E (en) |
SI (1) | SI2058441T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009059794A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201002503B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20230029351A1 (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2023-01-26 | Hans Gude Gudesen | Energy production and storage system and method |
Families Citing this family (13)
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US8256989B2 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2012-09-04 | Luxin (Green Planet) Ag | Water-storage and water-purification system |
FR2941226B1 (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2012-05-11 | Setur Ingenierie Audit Conseil | WATER SANITATION INSTALLATION. |
PT2486988E (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2013-08-27 | Luxin Green Planet Ag | Subterranean water management system for mines and method of operating this water management system |
EP2570201B1 (en) | 2011-09-14 | 2014-03-26 | Luxin (Green Planet) AG | System and method for conveying water in a closed circuit |
CN102749894B (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2014-11-05 | 煤科集团杭州环保研究院有限公司 | Mine water treatment electrical control device for underground coal mines and mine water treatment system |
US11554969B2 (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2023-01-17 | Aquablok Ltd. | Reactive treatment cell and systems for environmental remediation |
EP3293314A1 (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-14 | MLW-intermed Handels- und Consultinggesellschaft für Erzeugnisse und Ausrüstungen des Gesundheits- und Bildungswesens mbH | Method of forming a water storage device |
CN106869082B (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2022-08-12 | 张维国 | Seepage-proofing exhaust method for water engineering |
CN107905334B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2023-06-23 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Monitoring device for supplementing groundwater for urban road dewatering well and construction method |
CN112272984A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-29 | 南京朴厚生态科技有限公司 | Coastal zone micro-ecological environment restoration system and construction method thereof |
JP7470985B2 (en) | 2020-12-03 | 2024-04-19 | ライトウエイ株式会社 | Storage tank construction method |
CN112681476A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-20 | 野趣生境环境设计(成都)研究院(有限合伙) | Rainwater garden beneficial to improving biodiversity and construction method thereof |
CN113252532B (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-10 | 西南石油大学 | Simulation device for breakthrough of abnormal high-temperature and high-pressure stratum sand body through seepage barrier |
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US2855725A (en) * | 1956-06-25 | 1958-10-14 | Charles H Carothers | Method and means for automatically growing improved quality plants |
DE10115515C2 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2003-06-26 | Marcus Bednarsch | Stationary wastewater treatment plant |
DE4112802C1 (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1992-11-26 | Heinz 3250 Hameln De Dembach | Biological clarification device for waste water - has three-layer structure for aerobic, degassing and aeration treatment |
US5337516A (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1994-08-16 | Hondulas John L | Treatment of polluted water using wetland plants in a floating habitat |
DE4339905C1 (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1994-11-03 | Rausch Fridolin | Effluent treatment system |
US6120210A (en) | 1998-07-28 | 2000-09-19 | Hsu; Kenneth J. | Use of porous medium in an integrated hydrologic circuit for water storage and transport in land reclamation, agriculture, and urban consumptions |
CA2304935C (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2003-07-29 | Le Groupe Berger Ltee/Berger Group Ltd. | Biofiltering device for treating wastewater |
AUPQ768100A0 (en) * | 2000-05-22 | 2000-06-15 | Dowmus Pty Ltd | Improvements in or relating to biolytic filtration |
US6428691B1 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-08-06 | Charles Wofford | Biological waste water treatment system |
GB2375761B (en) * | 2001-04-07 | 2004-06-23 | Christopher Jon Shirley-Smith | Green roof water recycling system - GROW |
US6582771B1 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2003-06-24 | Bayer Corporation | Method for producing a polyurethane/geofabric composite |
CN2595887Y (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2003-12-31 | 高德敏 | Under ground water pool in desert |
US20050158131A1 (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2005-07-21 | Markusch Peter H. | Geotextile/polyurethane composites based on blocked isocyanate compositions |
ES2245875B1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2006-11-16 | Joaquin Espuelas Peñalva | MANUFACTURING AND FILTER PROCESS OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC AND / OR FILTERING INJECTED SHEETS OR STRUCTURES OBTAINED BY SUCH PROCESS FOR FILTRATION AND ELIMINATION OF THE PNEUMOFILA LEGIONELLA. |
US20080011663A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2008-01-17 | Hsu Kenneth J | Aquitransistors for Integrated Hydrologic Circuit |
WO2006058441A1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-08 | Sylvia Hofmann | Polyurethane and geotextile produced therewith |
US8009120B2 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2011-08-30 | Auburn University | Reinforcement fabrics with electronic transmission capabilities |
-
2007
- 2007-11-09 SI SI200731121T patent/SI2058441T1/en unknown
- 2007-11-09 PL PL07120361T patent/PL2058441T3/en unknown
- 2007-11-09 PT PT07120361T patent/PT2058441E/en unknown
- 2007-11-09 EP EP11183031A patent/EP2402514A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-11-09 ES ES07120361T patent/ES2392993T3/en active Active
- 2007-11-09 DK DK07120361.6T patent/DK2058441T3/en active
- 2007-11-09 EP EP07120361A patent/EP2058441B1/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-11-10 AU AU2008324373A patent/AU2008324373B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-11-10 CN CN2008801153789A patent/CN101855407B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-10 US US12/740,342 patent/US8449219B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-10 BR BRPI0820182A patent/BRPI0820182A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-11-10 WO PCT/EP2008/009461 patent/WO2009059794A1/en active Application Filing
-
2010
- 2010-04-09 ZA ZA2010/02503A patent/ZA201002503B/en unknown
- 2010-05-03 IL IL205519A patent/IL205519A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2012
- 2012-11-27 CY CY20121101147T patent/CY1113638T1/en unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20230029351A1 (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2023-01-26 | Hans Gude Gudesen | Energy production and storage system and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL205519A (en) | 2014-04-30 |
IL205519A0 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
PL2058441T3 (en) | 2013-03-29 |
DK2058441T3 (en) | 2012-12-17 |
SI2058441T1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
EP2402514A2 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
EP2058441A1 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
AU2008324373B2 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
EP2402514A3 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
ES2392993T3 (en) | 2012-12-17 |
ZA201002503B (en) | 2011-06-29 |
BRPI0820182A2 (en) | 2019-09-24 |
WO2009059794A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
CN101855407B (en) | 2013-03-27 |
US8449219B2 (en) | 2013-05-28 |
CN101855407A (en) | 2010-10-06 |
US20110017648A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
PT2058441E (en) | 2012-11-13 |
CY1113638T1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
AU2008324373A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
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