EP2045409A1 - Fire resistant panel and building or mobile construction with at least one such panel - Google Patents

Fire resistant panel and building or mobile construction with at least one such panel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2045409A1
EP2045409A1 EP20080105485 EP08105485A EP2045409A1 EP 2045409 A1 EP2045409 A1 EP 2045409A1 EP 20080105485 EP20080105485 EP 20080105485 EP 08105485 A EP08105485 A EP 08105485A EP 2045409 A1 EP2045409 A1 EP 2045409A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
holes
panel
panel according
stiffening element
fire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP20080105485
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dominique Bissieres
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Sainte Marie Constructions Isothermes
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Sainte Marie Constructions Isothermes
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Publication of EP2045409A1 publication Critical patent/EP2045409A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B63B3/68—Panellings; Linings, e.g. for insulating purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire resistant panel, that is to say a panel whose wall not exposed to a fire does not exceed a maximum of 200 ° C after one hour of exposure. It is particularly suitable for the production of fire resistant panels for the manufacture of buildings subject to extreme temperature conditions.
  • Fire resistant panels are known used for example to prevent the spread of a fire from one room to another or from one floor to another of an industrial building. These panels are used in many technical fields such as construction, aeronautics, maritime construction, ...
  • IMO International Maritime Organization
  • A754 18
  • the classifications A15, A30 and A60 thus correspond to a satisfaction of the temperature criteria respectively for 15, 30 and 60 minutes.
  • the Figure 1 shows such a fire resistant panel of the prior art.
  • This panel comprises two metal cladding 1, 2 placed each side of an insulating material 3 such as rock wool or glass wool.
  • This panel which also gives good results in terms of temperature resistance, has insufficient mechanical properties, especially when shear forces 4 are applied to it, and also, but to a lesser extent, compressive forces.
  • the objective of the present invention is therefore to provide a fireproof panel simple in its design and in its operating mode, thin and light, having increased mechanical strength including the shear and compression forces applied to it while having excellent fire resistance.
  • An object of the present invention is a fire resistant board that can be subjected to temperatures of the order of 950 ° C for at least one hour without altering the non-fire facing.
  • the invention relates to a fire-resistant panel comprising at least two rigid walls of which at least one wall intended to be exposed to fire is fire-resistant, these walls being spaced apart from one another to define a volume. internal filled with fire retardant material.
  • this panel comprises at least one insulating stiffening element placed in this internal volume and connecting said walls to reinforce the mechanical strength of the panel while minimizing the heat transfer between these two walls, said at least one stiffening element being one piece.
  • the first wall intended to be exposed to fire is preferably made of a material capable of withstanding temperatures of at least 950 ° C. This wall is further adapted to withstand elevations of the important temperature while being impervious to hot gases.
  • This first wall may be made of a metallic material selected from the group consisting of crude steel, galvanized steel, electro-galvanized steel, stainless steel and titanium.
  • connecting said walls means that the stiffening element is attached to these walls by welding, melting, brazing, screwing, riveting or gluing with an adhesive capable of withstanding temperatures exceeding 900 ° C such that a sealing paste to stick the wall intended to be exposed to fire, or a combination of these assembly methods.
  • an adhesive capable of withstanding temperatures above 200 ° C is then used.
  • insulating stiffening element that this stiffening element is made of a material having a low thermal conductivity so as to minimize direct heat transfer by conduction of the wall to be exposed to fire to the wall not exposed to fire.
  • thermal conductivity ⁇ [W / (m ⁇ K)] of a material defines its ability to drive energy when there is an imbalance under the effect of a temperature gradient.
  • stiffening elements therefore have a thermal conductivity of less than 40 W / m / K at 20 ° C and even better, less than 16 W / m / K at 20 ° C.
  • each stiffening element may be made of a material selected from the group consisting of a stainless steel alloy, a titanium alloy, a nickel alloy.
  • the panel of the invention advantageously has a total thickness of less than 90 mm, which can even reach less than 70 mm while maintaining a rating of type A60 for example.
  • stiffening elements may also have a section whose shape is chosen from the group comprising a C shape, a Z shape and an I shape.
  • each stiffening element comprises two folded edges for fixing it to the walls.
  • said at least one stiffening element is in one piece” that each of these stiffening elements are integral and do not result, therefore, the assembly of initially separate parts.
  • the mechanical connection between the walls of the panel is direct, which advantageously gives the panel greater resistance to mechanical stresses applied to it.
  • the propagation of heat flux through each stiffening element is better controlled.
  • unstructured core means that the flame retardant material is not able to take up shear forces, either because its shear modulus, if defined, is typically less than 40,000 N / m 2 (40 kPa), or because it forms a mass of particles, compacted or not, (loose mineral fibers, ceramic fibers, ...) and that by nature, it can not take up shear forces.
  • this flame-retardant material is chosen from the group comprising mineral fibers such as mineral wool, ceramic fibers, glass fibers and a mixture of these elements.
  • the mineral wool is, for example, rock wool, compacted or not, with a density of 50 to 200 kg / m 3 .
  • the ceramic fibers can be compacted or not and have a density of between 50 and 300 kg / m 3 .
  • the invention also relates to a construction equipped with at least one fireproof panel as described above.
  • This construction can be fixed or mobile.
  • the panel is then used, for example, as a fire-resistant partition, ceiling or floor.
  • this refuge zone can be transported for example on a vehicle chassis.
  • the invention finally relates to a vehicle equipped with at least one fire resistant panel as described above.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show a fire resistant panel according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • This panel has a first wall 10 intended to be exposed to fire and, therefore, to form the outer face of the panel.
  • This first wall 10 is here crude steel.
  • the panel also has a second wall 11 designed not to be exposed to fire and to form the inner face of the panel.
  • This wall 11 typically has a maximum temperature below 200 ° C when the first wall 10 is exposed to fire or extreme temperatures.
  • This second wall 11 is here electro galvanized steel. More generally, this second wall 11 is a metal facing which can be chosen from the group comprising raw steel, galvanized steel, electro-galvanized steel, aluminum, or any other resistant metal up to temperatures of the order of 200 ° C.
  • This flame retardant material 12 is resistant to temperatures above 500 ° C for short periods of time. It is in this embodiment of rock wool density 200 kg / m 3 .
  • the panel also comprises insulating stiffening elements 13 integrated in its thickness, these elements connecting the first and second walls 10, 11 to reinforce the mechanical strength of the panel. external mechanical stresses applied to it, such as shear forces.
  • These stiffening elements 13 are made of a material limiting the direct heat transfer from the first wall 10 to the second wall 11.
  • stiffening elements 13 which are here made of stainless steel alloy are welded to the first and second walls 10, 11 being spaced from each other regularly in the transverse direction of the panel.
  • the spacing, or not, between two consecutive stiffening elements 13 is here 250 mm. More generally, this step d has a minimum value so that the internal volume is mainly occupied by the flame retardant material 12 to form an effective thermal barrier between the first wall 10 exposed to fire and the second wall 11 which must be at a minimum. maximum temperature below 200 ° C.
  • the pitch d also has a maximum value making it possible to ensure that the shearing and compression forces are absorbed by the stiffening elements 13. Of course, these minimum and maximum values depend on the materials used in the manufacture of the panel considered. .
  • the Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a stiffening element 13 implemented in the panel of the Figure 2 .
  • This stiffening element 13 which has a C-shaped profile, is pierced with holes 14 to reduce conductive heat transfer and to prevent this element from acting as a thermal bridge between the two walls 10, 11.
  • These holes 14 are identical and regularly spaced. They have a general shape of triangle with rounded ends 15.
  • the stiffening elements 13 are advantageously embedded in the flame retardant material 12 which can also pass through the holes 14 with rounded ends 15.
  • the figure 5 is a partial view in perspective of a stiffening element 16 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • This stiffening element 16 which has a substantially Z-shaped profile, is pierced with holes 17 identical to each other. These holes 17 with rounded ends 18 are aligned in the direction of their elongation and have a trapezoidal shape.
  • the figure 6 is a partial view in perspective of a stiffening element 19 according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • This stiffening element 19 which has a C-shaped profile is pierced with identical and circular holes.
  • the figure 7 schematically represents the variations in the conduction of heat transversely to the stiffening element for the stiffening element of the Figure 4 .
  • the stiffening element 13 which is an elongated element having a main axis, thus comprises perpendicularly to this main axis three parts called A, B and C.
  • the Figure 7a shows only a portion of the stiffening element 13, these three parts are repeated over the entire length of the stiffening element 13.
  • the end portions A and C which are solid, surround the central portion B which is partially hollowed ( Fig. 7a ).
  • This central portion B has holes 14 having a triangular shape with rounded ends 15, these triangles being arranged head to tail to maximize their number in this central portion of the stiffening element 13.
  • the ends 15 are preferably rounded to not to constitute potential zones of rupture of the stiffening element 13.
  • the graph of the Fig. 7b shows that the amount of heat transmitted transversely to the stiffening element is constant for the solid parts A and C of the stiffening element, but drops to a minimum value d constant and not zero for the central portion B of the stiffening element 13.
  • stiffening elements 13 causes, in the event of exposure to fire of the panel of the invention, an increase in the temperature of the wall 11 not exposed to fire.
  • this increase in temperature of the unexposed wall 11 is substantially homogeneous and is not accompanied by the appearance of points having a temperature above the limit threshold in the temperature resistance times related to the level of performance referred to in FIG. fire resistance term for the panel of the invention (as for example, according to the classification A15, A30 or A60 desired).
  • the effective thermal conductivity of a stiffening element 13 having a conductivity of 16 W / (mK) when solid or not hollowed out can be reduced to about 1 W / (mK), because the ratio between the total transverse section of this stiffening element and the effective cross section through which the heat flow passes may reach sixteen (16) because of the shapes chosen for the holes. This ratio nevertheless makes it possible to maintain a mechanical strength of the stiffening element 13 important.
  • the shapes of the holes 14 made in the central portion B of the stiffening element 13 may be identical (triangle, square, rectangle, diamond, ...), these holes 14 can be arranged upside down or not depending on their shape .
  • the holes 14 may also be arranged in pairs, the shapes of these two holes being then distinct but ensuring, when they are combined with each other, a decrease in the value of the conduction of the heat transversely to the stiffening element.
  • the Figures 8 and 9 show such combinations of hole shapes.
  • the central portion B of the stiffening element of the Figure 8 thus shows a repetition of a pattern comprising a trapezium 22 and a triangle 23 while that of Figure 9 shows a repetition of a pattern comprising a circle 24 and a closed four-sided figure 25, two of said sides being parallel line segments interconnected by concave segments.
  • each stiffening element comprises transversely to its longitudinal direction a recessed central portion (B) surrounded on either side of a solid portion (A, C), this central portion (B) comprising the entire length of the stiffening element the repetition of the same pattern comprising at least one hole so as to ensure when an end of said stiffening element is exposed to a source of heat at the source temperature T, a uniform temperature distribution T stiffener , or still uniform, at +/- 10% on the surface of the opposite end of said stiffening element intended to be connected to the wall of the panel intended to be exposed to fire, with R stiffener + 10% ⁇ predetermined threshold temperature "T source , the whole being measured after a given time from the exposure of the stiffening element to the heat source.
  • the predetermined threshold temperature depends, of course, on the context of application of the fireproof panel and is, for purely illustrative purposes, 180 ° C as indicated above for classifications A15, A30 or A60.
  • the temperature measurement T stiffener will be carried out fifteen (15) minutes after having exposed this stiffening element to the source of heat at the source temperature T.
  • said pattern comprises at least two holes having identical shapes being then arranged head to tail or complementary shapes to form narrow strips of materials between said holes, these narrow strips directly connecting the solid parts (A, C).

Abstract

The panel has rigid walls (10, 11) spaced from each other for defining an internal volume filled with fireproof material (12). The fireproof material resists temperature greater than 500 degree Celsius and is selected in a group comprising mineral fibers and ceramic fibers. An insulating stiffener material (13) is placed in the internal volume and connects the walls for reinforcing mechanical resistance of the panel, while reducing transmission of heat between the walls.

Description

La présente invention concerne un panneau résistant au feu, c'est à dire un panneau dont la paroi non exposée à un feu ne dépasse pas au maximum 200°C après une heure d'exposition. Elle est notamment adaptée à la réalisation de panneaux résistant au feu pour la fabrication de constructions soumises à des conditions de températures extrêmes.The present invention relates to a fire resistant panel, that is to say a panel whose wall not exposed to a fire does not exceed a maximum of 200 ° C after one hour of exposure. It is particularly suitable for the production of fire resistant panels for the manufacture of buildings subject to extreme temperature conditions.

On connaît des panneaux résistants au feu mis en oeuvre par exemple pour éviter la propagation d'un incendie d'une pièce à une autre ou d'un étage à un autre d'un bâtiment industriel. Ces panneaux sont utilisés dans de nombreux domaines techniques tels que la construction, l'aéronautique, la construction maritime, ...Fire resistant panels are known used for example to prevent the spread of a fire from one room to another or from one floor to another of an industrial building. These panels are used in many technical fields such as construction, aeronautics, maritime construction, ...

On peut ainsi citer la résolution A754(18) de l'Organisation Maritime Internationale (OMI) qui définit un classement de résistance au feu de parois selon la durée pendant laquelle la face non exposée de cette paroi reste en dessous de limites en température lors d'une exposition à un feu donné (180°C d'élévation de température maximale notamment). Les classements A15, A30 et A60 correspondent ainsi à une satisfaction des critères de température respectivement pendant 15, 30 et 60 minutes.One example is International Maritime Organization (IMO) Resolution A754 (18), which defines a fire rating for walls depending on the length of time the unexposed side of the wall remains below temperature limits during a fire. exposure to a given fire (180 ° C maximum temperature rise in particular). The classifications A15, A30 and A60 thus correspond to a satisfaction of the temperature criteria respectively for 15, 30 and 60 minutes.

La Figure 1 montre un tel panneau résistant au feu de l'art antérieur. Ce panneau comprend deux parements métalliques 1, 2 placés chacun de part et d'autre d'un matériau isolant 3 tel qu'une laine de roche ou une laine de verre.The Figure 1 shows such a fire resistant panel of the prior art. This panel comprises two metal cladding 1, 2 placed each side of an insulating material 3 such as rock wool or glass wool.

Ce panneau qui donne par ailleurs de bons résultats en terme de tenue en température, présente des propriétés mécaniques insuffisantes, notamment lorsque des forces de cisaillement 4 lui sont appliquées, et aussi, mais dans une moindre mesure, des forces de compression.This panel, which also gives good results in terms of temperature resistance, has insufficient mechanical properties, especially when shear forces 4 are applied to it, and also, but to a lesser extent, compressive forces.

On observe, en effet, une déformation structurale du panneau le long de l'axe 4 d'application des contraintes. En conséquence, le niveau de fiabilité requis n'est pas atteint, ce qui peut mettre en danger les installations équipées de ces panneaux mais aussi leurs occupants.Indeed, we observe a structural deformation of the panel along the axis 4 of the constraints application. As a result, the level of reliability required is not achieved, which may endanger the installations equipped with these panels but also their occupants.

L'objectif de la présente invention est donc de proposer un panneau résistant au feu simple dans sa conception et dans son mode opératoire, mince et léger, présentant une résistance mécanique accrue notamment aux forces de cisaillement et de compression qui lui sont appliquées tout en ayant une excellente tenue au feu.The objective of the present invention is therefore to provide a fireproof panel simple in its design and in its operating mode, thin and light, having increased mechanical strength including the shear and compression forces applied to it while having excellent fire resistance.

Un objet de la présente invention est un panneau résistant au feu qui puisse être soumis à des températures de l'ordre de 950°C pendant au moins une heure sans altération du parement non exposé au feu.An object of the present invention is a fire resistant board that can be subjected to temperatures of the order of 950 ° C for at least one hour without altering the non-fire facing.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un panneau résistant au feu comprenant au moins deux parois rigides dont au moins une paroi destinée à être exposée au feu est résistante au feu, ces parois étant espacées l'une de l'autre pour définir un volume interne rempli d'un matériau ignifuge.For this purpose, the invention relates to a fire-resistant panel comprising at least two rigid walls of which at least one wall intended to be exposed to fire is fire-resistant, these walls being spaced apart from one another to define a volume. internal filled with fire retardant material.

Selon l'invention, ce panneau comporte au moins un élément raidisseur isolant placé dans ce volume interne et reliant lesdites parois pour renforcer la tenue mécanique du panneau tout en minimisant la transmission de chaleur entre ces deux parois, ledit au moins un élément raidisseur étant d'une seule pièce.According to the invention, this panel comprises at least one insulating stiffening element placed in this internal volume and connecting said walls to reinforce the mechanical strength of the panel while minimizing the heat transfer between these two walls, said at least one stiffening element being one piece.

La première paroi destinée à être exposée au feu est, de préférence, réalisée dans un matériau apte à résister à des températures d'au moins 950°C. Cette paroi est apte de plus à résister à des élévations de la température importante tout en étant étanche aux gaz chauds.The first wall intended to be exposed to fire is preferably made of a material capable of withstanding temperatures of at least 950 ° C. This wall is further adapted to withstand elevations of the important temperature while being impervious to hot gases.

Cette première paroi peut être réalisée dans un matériau métallique choisi dans le groupe comprenant l'acier brut, l'acier galvanisé, l'acier électro zingué, l'acier inoxydable et le titane.This first wall may be made of a metallic material selected from the group consisting of crude steel, galvanized steel, electro-galvanized steel, stainless steel and titanium.

On entend par « reliant lesdites parois » que l'élément raidisseur est fixé à ces parois par soudage, fusion, brasage, vissage, rivetage ou collage à l'aide d'un adhésif susceptible de résister à des températures supérieures à 900°C tel qu'une pâte de scellement pour coller la paroi destinée à être exposée au feu, ou encore une combinaison de ces procédés d'assemblage. Dans ce dernier cas, on pourra à titre d'exemple avoir un soudage d'un bord latéral de l'élément raidisseur sur la première paroi destinée à être exposée au feu, tandis que l'autre bord latéral de cet élément raidisseur sera riveté ou collé sur la deuxième paroi non exposée au feu, un adhésif apte à résister à des températures supérieures à 200°C étant alors utilisé.The term "connecting said walls" means that the stiffening element is attached to these walls by welding, melting, brazing, screwing, riveting or gluing with an adhesive capable of withstanding temperatures exceeding 900 ° C such that a sealing paste to stick the wall intended to be exposed to fire, or a combination of these assembly methods. In the latter case, it will be possible for example to have a welding of a lateral edge of the stiffening element on the first wall intended to be exposed to fire, while the other side edge of this stiffening element will be riveted or glued on the second wall not exposed to fire, an adhesive capable of withstanding temperatures above 200 ° C is then used.

On entend par "élément raidisseur isolant" que cet élément raidisseur est réalisé dans un matériau ayant une faible conductivité thermique de manière à minimiser les transferts directs de chaleur par conduction de la paroi destinée à être exposée au feu vers la paroi non exposée au feu.The term "insulating stiffening element" that this stiffening element is made of a material having a low thermal conductivity so as to minimize direct heat transfer by conduction of the wall to be exposed to fire to the wall not exposed to fire.

Rappelons que la conductivité thermique λ [W/(m · K)] d'un matériau définie sa capacité de conduire l'énergie quand il y a un déséquilibre sous l'effet d'un gradient de température.Recall that the thermal conductivity λ [W / (m · K)] of a material defines its ability to drive energy when there is an imbalance under the effect of a temperature gradient.

Ces éléments raidisseurs présentent donc une conductivité thermique inférieure à 40 W/m/K à 20°C et encore mieux, inférieure à 16 W/m/K à 20°C.These stiffening elements therefore have a thermal conductivity of less than 40 W / m / K at 20 ° C and even better, less than 16 W / m / K at 20 ° C.

A titre purement illustratif, chaque élément raidisseur peut être réalisé dans un matériau choisi dans le groupe comprenant un alliage d'acier inoxydable, un alliage de titane, un alliage de nickel.As a purely illustrative example, each stiffening element may be made of a material selected from the group consisting of a stainless steel alloy, a titanium alloy, a nickel alloy.

Dans ce cas, on pourra par exemple citer comme alliage de nickel, le Hastelloy X ® de conductivité thermique 9,8 W/m/K à 20°C, comme alliage de titane, le TA6V de conductivité thermique 7 W/m/K à 20°C et comme alliage d'acier inoxydable, le A304L ayant une conductivité thermique de 15 W/m/K à 20°C.In this case, it may for example be mentioned as a nickel alloy, the Hastelloy X ® thermal conductivity 9.8 W / m / K at 20 ° C, as a titanium alloy, the thermal conductivity TA6V 7 W / m / K at 20 ° C and as a stainless steel alloy, the A304L having a thermal conductivity of 15 W / m / K at 20 ° C.

Cette faible conductivité thermique de l'élément raidisseur revêt une importance primordiale dans l'obtention d'un panneau mince et léger. Le panneau de l'invention présente avantageusement une épaisseur totale inférieure à 90 mm, pouvant même atteindre moins de 70 mm tout en maintenant un classement de type A60 par exemple.This low thermal conductivity of the stiffening element is of paramount importance in obtaining a thin and light panel. The panel of the invention advantageously has a total thickness of less than 90 mm, which can even reach less than 70 mm while maintaining a rating of type A60 for example.

Ces éléments raidisseurs peuvent présenter par ailleurs une section dont la forme est choisie dans le groupe comprenant une forme en C, une forme en Z et une forme en I.These stiffening elements may also have a section whose shape is chosen from the group comprising a C shape, a Z shape and an I shape.

Avantageusement, chaque élément raidisseur comporte deux bords rabattus pour sa fixation aux parois.Advantageously, each stiffening element comprises two folded edges for fixing it to the walls.

On entend par "ledit au moins un élément raidisseur est d'une seule pièce" que chacun de ces éléments raidisseurs sont d'un seul tenant et ne résultent pas, par conséquent, de l'assemblage de pièces initialement distinctes.The term "said at least one stiffening element is in one piece" that each of these stiffening elements are integral and do not result, therefore, the assembly of initially separate parts.

Etant d'un seul tenant, la liaison mécanique entre les parois du panneau est directe, ce qui confère avantageusement au panneau une plus grande tenue aux contraintes mécaniques qui lui sont appliquées. De plus, la propagation des flux de chaleur au travers de chaque élément raidisseur est mieux contrôlée.Being in one piece, the mechanical connection between the walls of the panel is direct, which advantageously gives the panel greater resistance to mechanical stresses applied to it. In addition, the propagation of heat flux through each stiffening element is better controlled.

Dans différents modes de réalisation particuliers de ce panneau résistant au feu, chacun ayant ses avantages particuliers et susceptibles de nombreuses combinaisons techniques possibles:

  • les éléments raidisseurs sont espacés les uns des autres régulièrement ou non dans la direction transversale du panneau,
  • au moins certains des éléments raidisseurs sont percés de trous régulièrement espacés ou non de manière à diminuer le transfert thermique par conduction de ces éléments raidisseurs,
  • ces trous sont identiques ou non,
  • ces trous étant identiques et non-circulaires, ils sont alignés suivant au moins la direction de leur allongement pour assurer un transfert des efforts dans la direction de la plus grande longueur des trous allongés,
In various particular embodiments of this fire resistant panel, each having its particular advantages and susceptible to many possible technical combinations:
  • the stiffening elements are spaced from each other regularly or not in the transverse direction of the panel,
  • at least some of the stiffening elements are pierced with holes regularly spaced or not so as to reduce the heat transfer by conduction of these stiffening elements,
  • these holes are identical or not,
  • these holes being identical and non-circular, they are aligned in at least the direction of their elongation to ensure a transfer of forces in the direction of the longer length of the elongated holes,

A cet effet, on peut jouer non seulement sur la forme et le rapport entre longueur et largeur de tels trous allongés, mais également sur l'alignement de ces trous. La matière restante entre deux orifices permet à l'élément raidisseur de supporter le transfert des efforts mécaniques.

  • les trous sont choisis dans le groupe comprenant les trous circulaires, les trous rectangulaires, les trous hexagonaux, les trous oblongs tels que les trous trapézoïdaux ou triangulaires, notamment à extrémités arrondies ou en pointes, et des combinaisons de ces éléments.
  • le matériau ignifuge est un matériau apte à résister à des températures supérieures à 500°C,
  • le matériau ignifuge forme une âme non structurée.
For this purpose, one can play not only on the shape and the ratio between length and width of such elongated holes, but also on the alignment of these holes. The remaining material between two orifices allows the stiffening element to withstand the transfer of mechanical forces.
  • the holes are chosen from the group comprising circular holes, rectangular holes, hexagonal holes, oblong holes such as trapezoidal or triangular holes, in particular with rounded ends or points, and combinations of these elements.
  • the flame retardant material is a material capable of withstanding temperatures above 500 ° C,
  • the flame retardant material forms an unstructured soul.

On entend par « âme non structurée » que le matériau ignifuge n'est pas apte à reprendre les efforts de cisaillement, soit parce que son module de cisaillement, s'il est défini, est typiquement inférieur à 40 000 N/m2 (40 kPa), soit parce qu'il forme un amas de particules, compacté ou non, (fibres minérales en vrac, fibres céramiques, ...) et que par nature, il ne peut pas reprendre les efforts en cisaillement.The term "unstructured core" means that the flame retardant material is not able to take up shear forces, either because its shear modulus, if defined, is typically less than 40,000 N / m 2 (40 kPa), or because it forms a mass of particles, compacted or not, (loose mineral fibers, ceramic fibers, ...) and that by nature, it can not take up shear forces.

Avantageusement, ce matériau ignifuge est choisi dans le groupe comprenant des fibres minérales telles que de la laine minérale, des fibres céramiques, des fibres de verre et un mélange de ces éléments.Advantageously, this flame-retardant material is chosen from the group comprising mineral fibers such as mineral wool, ceramic fibers, glass fibers and a mixture of these elements.

La laine minérale est par exemple de la laine de roche, compactée ou non, de densité de 50 à 200 kg/m3.The mineral wool is, for example, rock wool, compacted or not, with a density of 50 to 200 kg / m 3 .

Les fibres céramiques peuvent être compactées ou non et avoir une densité comprise entre 50 et 300 kg/m3.The ceramic fibers can be compacted or not and have a density of between 50 and 300 kg / m 3 .

L'invention concerne également une construction équipée d'au moins un panneau résistant au feu tel que décrit précédemment.The invention also relates to a construction equipped with at least one fireproof panel as described above.

Cette construction peut être fixe ou mobile. Le panneau est alors utilisé, par exemple, en tant que cloison résistant au feu, plafond ou plancher.This construction can be fixed or mobile. The panel is then used, for example, as a fire-resistant partition, ceiling or floor.

Il peut ainsi servir à revêtir l'intérieur d'un tunnel, d'une cheminée industrielle ou d'une zone refuge fixe ou transportable. Dans ce dernier cas, cette zone refuge peut être transportée par exemple sur un châssis de véhicule.It can be used to cover the interior of a tunnel, an industrial chimney or a fixed or transportable refuge area. In the latter case, this refuge zone can be transported for example on a vehicle chassis.

L'invention concerne enfin un véhicule équipé d'au moins un panneau résistant au feu tel que décrit précédemment.The invention finally relates to a vehicle equipped with at least one fire resistant panel as described above.

L'invention sera décrite plus en détail en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 montre un exemple de panneau coupe-feu de l'art antérieur;
  • la figure 2 est une vue partielle et en perspective d'un panneau résistant au feu selon un mode de réalisation préféré du procédé de l'invention;
  • la figure 3 montre une vue partielle en coupe transversale du panneau de la Figure 2;
  • la figure 4 représente schématiquement en perspective l'élément raidisseur intégré dans l'épaisseur du panneau de la Figure 2;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un élément raidisseur selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'un élément raidisseur selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • la figure 7 représente schématiquement les variations dans la conduction de la chaleur transversalement à l'élément raidisseur (Fig. 7b) pour l'élément raidisseur de la Figure 4;
  • la figure 8 est une vue en perspective d'un élément raidisseur selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • la figure 9 est une vue en perspective d'un élément raidisseur selon un cinquième mode de réalisation de l'invention;
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 shows an example of a firewall panel of the prior art;
  • the figure 2 is a partial perspective view of a fire resistant panel according to a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention;
  • the figure 3 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the panel of the Figure 2 ;
  • the figure 4 schematically represents in perspective the stiffening element integrated in the thickness of the panel of the Figure 2 ;
  • the figure 5 is a perspective view of a stiffening element according to a second embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 6 is a perspective view of a stiffening element according to a third embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 7 schematically represents the variations in the conduction of heat transversely to the stiffening element ( Fig. 7b ) for the stiffening element of the Figure 4 ;
  • the figure 8 is a perspective view of a stiffening element according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 9 is a perspective view of a stiffening element according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;

Les Figures 2 et 3 montrent un panneau résistant au feu selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention. Ce panneau comporte une première paroi 10 destinée à être exposée au feu et, par conséquent, à former la face externe du panneau. Cette première paroi 10 est ici en acier brut.The Figures 2 and 3 show a fire resistant panel according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. This panel has a first wall 10 intended to be exposed to fire and, therefore, to form the outer face of the panel. This first wall 10 is here crude steel.

Le panneau comporte également une deuxième paroi 11 destinée à ne pas être exposée au feu et à former la face intérieure du panneau. Cette paroi 11 présente typiquement une température maximale inférieure à 200°C lorsque la première paroi 10 est exposée au feu ou à des températures extrêmes.
Cette deuxième paroi 11 est ici en acier électro zingué. De manière plus générale, cette deuxième paroi 11 est un parement métallique qui peut être choisi dans le groupe comprenant l'acier brut, l'acier galvanisé, l'acier électro zingué, l'aluminium, ou tout autre métal résistant jusqu'à des températures de l'ordre de 200°C.The panel also has a second wall 11 designed not to be exposed to fire and to form the inner face of the panel. This wall 11 typically has a maximum temperature below 200 ° C when the first wall 10 is exposed to fire or extreme temperatures.
This second wall 11 is here electro galvanized steel. More generally, this second wall 11 is a metal facing which can be chosen from the group comprising raw steel, galvanized steel, electro-galvanized steel, aluminum, or any other resistant metal up to temperatures of the order of 200 ° C.

Ces parois 10, 11 sont espacées l'une de l'autre pour définir un volume interne qui est rempli d'un matériau ignifuge 12. Ce matériau ignifuge 12 est résistant à des températures supérieures à 500°C sur de courtes durées. Il s'agit dans ce mode de réalisation de laine de roche de densité 200 kg/m3.These walls 10, 11 are spaced from each other to define an internal volume which is filled with a flame retardant material 12. This flame retardant material 12 is resistant to temperatures above 500 ° C for short periods of time. It is in this embodiment of rock wool density 200 kg / m 3 .

Le panneau comporte également des éléments raidisseurs isolants 13 intégrés dans son épaisseur, ces éléments reliant les première et deuxième parois 10, 11 pour renforcer la tenue mécanique du panneau aux contraintes mécaniques externes s'appliquant sur celui-ci, telles que des forces de cisaillement. Ces éléments raidisseurs 13 sont réalisés dans un matériau limitant les transferts thermiques directs de la première paroi 10 vers la deuxième paroi 11.The panel also comprises insulating stiffening elements 13 integrated in its thickness, these elements connecting the first and second walls 10, 11 to reinforce the mechanical strength of the panel. external mechanical stresses applied to it, such as shear forces. These stiffening elements 13 are made of a material limiting the direct heat transfer from the first wall 10 to the second wall 11.

Ces éléments raidisseurs 13 qui sont ici en alliage d'acier inoxydable sont soudés aux première et deuxièmes parois 10, 11 en étant espacés les uns des autres régulièrement dans la direction transversale du panneau.These stiffening elements 13 which are here made of stainless steel alloy are welded to the first and second walls 10, 11 being spaced from each other regularly in the transverse direction of the panel.

L'espacement, ou pas, d entre deux éléments raidisseurs 13 consécutifs est ici de 250 mm. De manière plus générale, ce pas d présente une valeur minimale de sorte que le volume interne soit principalement occupé par le matériau ignifuge 12 pour former une barrière thermique efficace entre la première paroi 10 exposée au feu et la deuxième paroi 11 qui doit être à une température maximale inférieure à 200°C. Le pas d présente également une valeur maximale permettant de s'assurer d'une reprise des efforts en cisaillement et en compression par les éléments raidisseurs 13. Bien entendu, ces valeurs minimales et maximales dépendent des matériaux mis en oeuvre dans la fabrication du panneau considéré.The spacing, or not, between two consecutive stiffening elements 13 is here 250 mm. More generally, this step d has a minimum value so that the internal volume is mainly occupied by the flame retardant material 12 to form an effective thermal barrier between the first wall 10 exposed to fire and the second wall 11 which must be at a minimum. maximum temperature below 200 ° C. The pitch d also has a maximum value making it possible to ensure that the shearing and compression forces are absorbed by the stiffening elements 13. Of course, these minimum and maximum values depend on the materials used in the manufacture of the panel considered. .

La Figure 4 montre une vue en perspective d'un élément raidisseur 13 mis en oeuvre dans le panneau de la Figure 2. Cet élément raidisseur 13 qui a un profil en forme de C, est percé de trous 14 pour diminuer les transferts thermiques par conduction et éviter que cet élément ne joue le rôle de pont thermique entre les deux parois 10, 11. Ces trous 14 sont identiques et régulièrement espacés. Ils présentent une forme générale de triangle à extrémités arrondies 15.The Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a stiffening element 13 implemented in the panel of the Figure 2 . This stiffening element 13 which has a C-shaped profile, is pierced with holes 14 to reduce conductive heat transfer and to prevent this element from acting as a thermal bridge between the two walls 10, 11. These holes 14 are identical and regularly spaced. They have a general shape of triangle with rounded ends 15.

Les éléments raidisseurs 13 sont avantageusement noyés dans le matériau ignifuge 12 qui peut passer également au travers des trous 14 à extrémités arrondies 15.The stiffening elements 13 are advantageously embedded in the flame retardant material 12 which can also pass through the holes 14 with rounded ends 15.

La figure 5 est une vue partielle et en perspective d'un élément raidisseur 16 selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Cet élément raidisseur 16 qui présente un profil sensiblement en forme de Z, est percé de trous 17 identiques les uns aux autres. Ces trous 17 à extrémités arrondies 18 sont alignés suivant la direction de leur allongement et présentent une forme trapézoïdale.The figure 5 is a partial view in perspective of a stiffening element 16 according to a second embodiment of the invention. This stiffening element 16 which has a substantially Z-shaped profile, is pierced with holes 17 identical to each other. These holes 17 with rounded ends 18 are aligned in the direction of their elongation and have a trapezoidal shape.

La figure 6 est une vue partielle et en perspective d'un élément raidisseur 19 selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Cet élément raidisseur 19 qui présente un profil en forme de C, est percé de trous 20 identiques et circulaires.The figure 6 is a partial view in perspective of a stiffening element 19 according to a third embodiment of the invention. This stiffening element 19 which has a C-shaped profile is pierced with identical and circular holes.

La figure 7 représente schématiquement les variations de la conduction de la chaleur transversalement à l'élément raidisseur pour l'élément raidisseur de la Figure 4. L'élément raidisseur 13 qui est un élément allongé ayant un axe principal, comporte ainsi perpendiculairement à cet axe principal trois parties dénommées A, B et C. Bien que la Figure 7a) ne montre qu'une portion de l'élément raidisseur 13, ces trois parties se répètent sur toute la longueur de l'élément raidisseur 13. Les parties d'extrémité A et C qui sont pleines, entourent la partie centrale B qui est partiellement évidée (Fig. 7a). Cette partie centrale B comporte des trous 14 ayant une forme triangulaire à extrémités arrondies 15, ces triangles étant disposés tête-bêche afin de maximiser leur nombre dans cette partie centrale de l'élément raidisseur 13. Les extrémités 15 sont, de préférence, arrondies afin de ne pas constituer des zones potentielles de rupture de l'élément raidisseur 13.The figure 7 schematically represents the variations in the conduction of heat transversely to the stiffening element for the stiffening element of the Figure 4 . The stiffening element 13 which is an elongated element having a main axis, thus comprises perpendicularly to this main axis three parts called A, B and C. Although the Figure 7a ) shows only a portion of the stiffening element 13, these three parts are repeated over the entire length of the stiffening element 13. The end portions A and C which are solid, surround the central portion B which is partially hollowed ( Fig. 7a ). This central portion B has holes 14 having a triangular shape with rounded ends 15, these triangles being arranged head to tail to maximize their number in this central portion of the stiffening element 13. The ends 15 are preferably rounded to not to constitute potential zones of rupture of the stiffening element 13.

Le graphique de la Fig. 7b) montre que la quantité de chaleur transmise transversalement à l'élément raidisseur est constante pour les parties pleines A et C de l'élément raidisseur, mais chute à une valeur minimale d constante et non nulle pour la partie centrale B de l'élément raidisseur 13.The graph of the Fig. 7b ) shows that the amount of heat transmitted transversely to the stiffening element is constant for the solid parts A and C of the stiffening element, but drops to a minimum value d constant and not zero for the central portion B of the stiffening element 13.

Cette valeur d résultant de la présence de bandes de matière 21 séparant les trous dans la partie centrale B, l'objectif est donc de minimiser cette valeur d sur toute la longueur de l'élément raidisseur afin de diminuer la conductivité thermique globale de l'élément raidisseur 13 tout en conservant pour celui-ci de bonnes propriétés mécaniques de tenue aux contraintes pouvant s'exercer sur le panneau.This value d resulting from the presence of strips of material 21 separating the holes in the central portion B, the objective is therefore to minimize this value d over the entire length of the stiffening element in order to reduce the overall thermal conductivity of the stiffening element 13 while retaining for it good mechanical properties of resistance to stresses that can be exerted on the panel.

L'élément raidisseur 13 qui en résulte conduit alors peu la chaleur à la fois en régime transitoire et en régime stabilisé. Surtout, on constate avantageusement que lorsque le panneau de l'invention est exposé à un feu, la paroi de ce panneau destinée à ne pas être exposée au feu présente une répartition de chaleur à sa surface qui est sensiblement homogène.The stiffening element 13 resulting there then little heat both transient and steady state. Above all, it is advantageously found that when the panel of the invention is exposed to a fire, the wall of this panel intended to be exposed to fire has a distribution of heat on its surface which is substantially homogeneous.

Or, on a observé, avec les panneaux de l'art antérieur comportant des inserts de liaison des parois, la formation rapide sur la face non exposée au feu de points chauds localisés traduisant un transfert inhomogène de la chaleur sur la longueur des inserts.However, it has been observed, with the panels of the prior art having wall-connecting inserts, the rapid formation on the unexposed face of localized hot spots translating an inhomogeneous transfer of heat over the length of the inserts.

On a même pu observer une auto inflammation du matériau de parement, ou de décoration, de la paroi non exposée au feu, les températures de ces points chauds étant supérieures, par exemple, au seuil limite de 180°C d'élévation de température pour les panneaux dits résistant au feu.It has even been possible to observe a self-ignition of the facing material, or decoration, of the wall not exposed to fire, the temperatures of these hot spots being higher, for example, the limit threshold of 180 ° C of temperature rise for so-called fire-resistant panels.

Il est constant que la présence des éléments raidisseurs 13 entraîne, en cas d'exposition au feu du panneau de l'invention, une augmentation de la température de la paroi 11 non exposée au feu. Toutefois, cette augmentation de température de la paroi non exposée au feu 11 est sensiblement homogène et ne s'accompagne pas de l'apparition de points ayant une température supérieure au seuil limite dans les délais de tenue en température liés au niveau de performance visée en terme de résistance au feu pour le panneau de l'invention (comme par exemple, suivant la classification A15, A30 ou A60 souhaitée).It is undisputed that the presence of the stiffening elements 13 causes, in the event of exposure to fire of the panel of the invention, an increase in the temperature of the wall 11 not exposed to fire. However, this increase in temperature of the unexposed wall 11 is substantially homogeneous and is not accompanied by the appearance of points having a temperature above the limit threshold in the temperature resistance times related to the level of performance referred to in FIG. fire resistance term for the panel of the invention (as for example, according to the classification A15, A30 or A60 desired).

A titre purement illustratif, la conductivité thermique effective d'un élément raidisseur 13 ayant une conductivité de 16 W/(m.K) lorsqu'il est plein, ou non évidé, peut être ramenée à environ 1 W/(m.K), car le ratio entre la section transverse totale de cet élément raidisseur et la section effective par laquelle passe le flux thermique peut atteindre seize (16) en raison des formes choisies pour les trous. Ce ratio permet néanmoins de conserver une résistance mécanique de l'élément raidisseur 13 importante.As a purely illustrative example, the effective thermal conductivity of a stiffening element 13 having a conductivity of 16 W / (mK) when solid or not hollowed out can be reduced to about 1 W / (mK), because the ratio between the total transverse section of this stiffening element and the effective cross section through which the heat flow passes may reach sixteen (16) because of the shapes chosen for the holes. This ratio nevertheless makes it possible to maintain a mechanical strength of the stiffening element 13 important.

Les formes des trous 14 réalisés dans la partie centrale B de l'élément raidisseur 13 peuvent être identiques (triangle, carré, rectangle, losange, ...), ces trous 14 pouvant être disposés tête-bêche ou non en fonction de leur forme. Les trous 14 peuvent encore être disposés par paire, les formes de ces deux trous étant alors distinctes mais assurant, lorsqu'elles sont combinées entre elles, une diminution de la valeur de la conduction de la chaleur transversalement à l'élément raidisseur. Les Figures 8 et 9 montrent de telles combinaisons de formes de trous. La partie centrale B de l'élément raidisseur de la Figure 8 montre ainsi une répétition d'un motif comportant un trapèze 22 et un triangle 23 tandis que celle de la Figure 9 montre une répétition d'un motif comprenant un cercle 24 et une figure fermée à quatre côtés 25, deux desdites côtés étant des segments de droite parallèles reliés entre eux par des segments concaves.The shapes of the holes 14 made in the central portion B of the stiffening element 13 may be identical (triangle, square, rectangle, diamond, ...), these holes 14 can be arranged upside down or not depending on their shape . The holes 14 may also be arranged in pairs, the shapes of these two holes being then distinct but ensuring, when they are combined with each other, a decrease in the value of the conduction of the heat transversely to the stiffening element. The Figures 8 and 9 show such combinations of hole shapes. The central portion B of the stiffening element of the Figure 8 thus shows a repetition of a pattern comprising a trapezium 22 and a triangle 23 while that of Figure 9 shows a repetition of a pattern comprising a circle 24 and a closed four-sided figure 25, two of said sides being parallel line segments interconnected by concave segments.

De manière plus générale, chaque élément raidisseur comprend transversalement à sa direction longitudinale une partie centrale évidée (B) entourée de part et d'autre d'une partie pleine (A, C), cette partie centrale (B) comprenant sur toute la longueur de l'élément raidisseur la répétition d'un même motif comprenant au moins un trou de manière à assurer lorsqu'une extrémité dudit élément raidisseur est exposée à une source de chaleur à la température Tsource, une répartition de température Traidisseur homogène, ou encore uniforme, à +/- 10% sur la surface de l'extrémité opposée dudit élément raidisseur destinée à être reliée à la paroi du panneau destinée à ne pas être exposée au feu, avec Rraidisseur +10% ≤ Température seuil prédéterminée « Tsource, le tout étant mesuré après un temps donné à partir de l'exposition de l'élément raidisseur à la source de chaleur.More generally, each stiffening element comprises transversely to its longitudinal direction a recessed central portion (B) surrounded on either side of a solid portion (A, C), this central portion (B) comprising the entire length of the stiffening element the repetition of the same pattern comprising at least one hole so as to ensure when an end of said stiffening element is exposed to a source of heat at the source temperature T, a uniform temperature distribution T stiffener , or still uniform, at +/- 10% on the surface of the opposite end of said stiffening element intended to be connected to the wall of the panel intended to be exposed to fire, with R stiffener + 10% ≤ predetermined threshold temperature "T source , the whole being measured after a given time from the exposure of the stiffening element to the heat source.

La température seuil prédéterminée dépend, bien entendu, du contexte d'application du panneau résistant au feu et est, à titre purement illustratif, de 180°C comme indiquée plus haut pour les classifications A15, A30 ou A60.The predetermined threshold temperature depends, of course, on the context of application of the fireproof panel and is, for purely illustrative purposes, 180 ° C as indicated above for classifications A15, A30 or A60.

A titre d'exemple, pour un panneau résistant au feu de classification A15, la mesure de température Traidisseur sera réalisée quinze (15) minutes après avoir exposé cet élément raidisseur à la source de chaleur à la température Tsource.By way of example, for a class A15 fire resistant panel, the temperature measurement T stiffener will be carried out fifteen (15) minutes after having exposed this stiffening element to the source of heat at the source temperature T.

Avantageusement, ledit motif comprend au moins deux trous ayant des formes identiques en étant alors disposées tête-bêche ou des formes complémentaires pour former des bandes étroites de matières entre lesdits trous, ces bandes étroites reliant directement les parties pleines (A, C).Advantageously, said pattern comprises at least two holes having identical shapes being then arranged head to tail or complementary shapes to form narrow strips of materials between said holes, these narrow strips directly connecting the solid parts (A, C).

L'invention ne saurait être limitée à la description qui précède. Il doit être compris par les spécialistes de la technique que différentes modifications peuvent être faites afin d'adapter une situation ou un matériau particulier aux enseignement de l'invention sans s'écarter de la portée essentielle de celle-ci. Ainsi, en fonction du niveau de performance visée en terme de résistance au feu pour le panneau (comme par exemple, suivant la classification A15, A30 ou A60 souhaitée), les matériaux mis en oeuvre pour la fabrication de ce panneau peuvent être différents et présenter notamment des propriétés de tenue en température moins importantes.The invention can not be limited to the foregoing description. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teaching of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Thus, depending on the desired level of performance in terms of fire resistance for the panel (as for example, according to the classification A15, A30 or A60 desired), the materials used For the manufacture of this panel may be different and in particular have lower temperature resistance properties.

Claims (14)

Panneau résistant au feu comprenant au moins deux parois (10, 11) rigides dont au moins une paroi destinée à être exposée au feu est résistante au feu, lesdites parois (10, 11) étant espacées l'une de l'autre pour définir un volume interne rempli d'un matériau ignifuge (12), caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un élément raidisseur isolant (13, 16, 19) placé dans ledit volume interne et reliant lesdites parois (10, 11) pour renforcer la tenue mécanique dudit panneau tout en minimisant la transmission de chaleur entre lesdites deux parois (10, 11), ledit au moins un élément raidisseur (13, 16, 19) étant d'une seule pièce.Fire-resistant panel comprising at least two rigid walls (10, 11) of which at least one fire-exposed wall is fire-resistant, said walls (10, 11) being spaced apart from one another to define a internal volume filled with a flame-retardant material (12), characterized in that it comprises at least one insulating stiffening element (13, 16, 19) placed in said internal volume and connecting said walls (10, 11) to reinforce the holding mechanically said panel while minimizing heat transmission between said two walls (10, 11), said at least one stiffening element (13, 16, 19) being in one piece. Panneau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments raidisseurs (13, 16, 19) sont espacés les uns des autres régulièrement ou non dans la direction transversale dudit panneau.Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that said stiffening elements (13, 16, 19) are spaced from each other regularly or not in the transverse direction of said panel. Panneau selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins certains desdits éléments raidisseurs (13, 16, 19) sont percés de trous (14, 17, 20, 22-25) régulièrement espacés ou non de manière à diminuer le transfert thermique par conduction desdits éléments raidisseurs (13, 16, 19).Panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least some of said stiffening elements (13, 16, 19) are pierced with holes (14, 17, 20, 22-25) regularly spaced or not so as to reduce the heat transfer by conduction of said stiffening elements (13, 16, 19). Panneau selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que chacun desdits éléments raidisseurs (13, 16, 19) comprend transversalement à sa direction longitudinale une partie centrale évidée (B) entourée de part et d'autre d'une partie pleine (A, C), ladite partie centrale (B) comprenant sur toute la longueur dudit élément raidisseur (13, 16, 19) la répétition d'un même motif comprenant au moins un trou (14, 17, 20, 22-25) de manière à assurer lorsqu'une extrémité dudit élément raidisseur est exposée à une source de chaleur à la température Tsource, une répartition de température Traidisseur homogène à +/- 10% sur la surface de l'extrémité opposée dudit élément raidisseur destinée à être reliée à une desdites parois, avec Traidisseur+10% ≤ Température seuil prédéterminée « Tsource.Panel according to claim 3, characterized in that each of said stiffening elements (13, 16, 19) comprises transversely to its longitudinal direction a recessed central portion (B) surrounded on either side of a solid portion (A, C). ), said central portion (B) comprising over the entire length of said stiffening element (13, 16, 19) the repetition of the same pattern comprising at least one hole (14, 17, 20, 22-25) so as to ensure when one end of said stiffening element is exposed to a heat source to the source temperature T, a homogeneous temperature distribution T stiffener to +/- 10% on the surface of the opposite end of said stiffening element to be connected to a said walls, with T stiffener + 10% ≤ predetermined threshold temperature "T source . Panneau selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit motif comprend au moins deux trous ayant des formes identiques (14) en étant alors disposées tête-bêche ou des formes complémentaires (22-25) pour former des bandes étroites de matière (21) entre lesdits trous (22-25).Panel according to claim 4, characterized in that said pattern comprises at least two holes having identical shapes (14) then being arranged head to tail or complementary shapes (22-25) to form narrow strips of material (21) between said holes (22-25). Panneau selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdits trous (14, 17, 20) sont identiques.Panel according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that said holes (14, 17, 20) are identical. Panneau selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdits trous (14, 17) étant identiques et non-circulaires, lesdits trous (14, 17) sont alignés suivant au moins la direction de leur allongement pour assurer un transfert des efforts dans la direction de la plus grande longueur des trous allongés.Panel according to claim 6, characterized in that said holes (14, 17) being identical and non-circular, said holes (14, 17) are aligned in at least the direction of their elongation to ensure a transfer of forces in the direction of the longer length of the elongated holes. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdits trous (14, 17, 20, 22-25) sont choisis dans le groupe comprenant les trous circulaires, les trous rectangulaires, les trous hexagonaux, les trous oblongs, les trous triangulaires, les trous trapézoïdaux, notamment à extrémités arrondies (15, 18) ou en pointe.Panel according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that said holes (14, 17, 20, 22-25) are selected from the group consisting of circular holes, rectangular holes, hexagonal holes, oblong holes , triangular holes, trapezoidal holes, in particular with rounded ends (15, 18) or in point. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments raidisseurs (13, 16, 19) présentent une conductivité thermique inférieure à 16 W/m/K à 20°C.Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said stiffening elements (13, 16, 19) have a thermal conductivity of less than 16 W / m / K at 20 ° C. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau ignifuge (12) est un matériau apte à résister à des températures supérieures à 500°C.Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said flame retardant material (12) is a material capable of withstanding temperatures above 500 ° C. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau ignifuge (12) forme une âme non structurée.Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said flame retardant material (12) forms an unstructured core. Panneau selon les revendications 10 et 11, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau ignifuge (12) est choisi dans le groupe comprenant les fibres minérales et les fibres céramiques.Panel according to claims 10 and 11, characterized in that said flame retardant material (12) is selected from the group consisting of mineral fibers and ceramic fibers. Véhicule équipé d'au moins un panneau résistant au feu selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12.Vehicle equipped with at least one fireproof panel according to any one of claims 1 to 12. Construction équipée d'au moins un panneau résistant au feu selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12.Construction equipped with at least one fireproof panel according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
EP20080105485 2007-10-02 2008-10-02 Fire resistant panel and building or mobile construction with at least one such panel Withdrawn EP2045409A1 (en)

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FR0758009A FR2921712B1 (en) 2007-10-02 2007-10-02 FIRE-RESISTANT PANEL AND FIXED OR MOBILE CONSTRUCTION EQUIPPED WITH AT LEAST ONE SUCH PANEL

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WO2011045778A1 (en) * 2009-10-16 2011-04-21 Kingspan Holdings (Irl) Limited A composite panel
WO2013167774A1 (en) * 2012-05-07 2013-11-14 Garcia Beltran Juan Francisco System comprising floor slabs and structures in the dry state
CN103982000A (en) * 2014-03-31 2014-08-13 浙江杭萧钢构股份有限公司 Steel tube bundle combination structure of semicircular web
CN103982002A (en) * 2014-03-31 2014-08-13 浙江杭萧钢构股份有限公司 Steel tube bundle combination structure composed of steel plates and Z-sections
CN103982003A (en) * 2014-03-31 2014-08-13 浙江杭萧钢构股份有限公司 Steel tube bundle combination structure composed of steel plates and C-sections

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WO2011045778A1 (en) * 2009-10-16 2011-04-21 Kingspan Holdings (Irl) Limited A composite panel
US10400451B2 (en) 2009-10-16 2019-09-03 Donal Curtin Composite panel
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CN103982000A (en) * 2014-03-31 2014-08-13 浙江杭萧钢构股份有限公司 Steel tube bundle combination structure of semicircular web
CN103982002A (en) * 2014-03-31 2014-08-13 浙江杭萧钢构股份有限公司 Steel tube bundle combination structure composed of steel plates and Z-sections
CN103982003A (en) * 2014-03-31 2014-08-13 浙江杭萧钢构股份有限公司 Steel tube bundle combination structure composed of steel plates and C-sections

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FR2921712A1 (en) 2009-04-03
FR2921712B1 (en) 2012-10-19

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