EP2025912B1 - Engine exhaust gas circuit - Google Patents

Engine exhaust gas circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2025912B1
EP2025912B1 EP08159176A EP08159176A EP2025912B1 EP 2025912 B1 EP2025912 B1 EP 2025912B1 EP 08159176 A EP08159176 A EP 08159176A EP 08159176 A EP08159176 A EP 08159176A EP 2025912 B1 EP2025912 B1 EP 2025912B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gases
exhaust
valve
circuit
towards
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Not-in-force
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EP08159176A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2025912A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Dumoulin
Armel Le Lièvre
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/07—Mixed pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is either taken out upstream of the turbine and reintroduced upstream of the compressor, or is taken out downstream of the turbine and reintroduced downstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/25—Layout, e.g. schematics with coolers having bypasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/33—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage controlling the temperature of the recirculated gases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust gas circuit of a combustion engine provided with exhaust gas recirculation means.
  • the invention is more particularly suitable for compression ignition engines, said diesel and gasoline engines with an EGR function.
  • the fuel-fuel mixture (air-gas oil) in the combustion chamber is diluted with an inert gas, normally constituted by gases. burned.
  • an inert gas normally constituted by gases. burned.
  • a fraction of the exhaust gases are taken at the exhaust manifold or the exhaust line and reinjected at the intake.
  • EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
  • the exhaust gases are by definition hot. Now, it is well known that the emissions of nitrogen oxides from an engine are normally all the better when the intake gases are cold. Also, the recirculation line usually admits a heat exchanger so as to cool the recirculated gas fraction before mixing with the fresh gas.
  • the recirculation line most often comprises two branches, one of which is cooled, and means to control the respective flows of recirculated gases in these two branches.
  • the recirculation line also comprises means for modifying the recirculated flue gas fraction.
  • turbocharger that is to say that the fresh gases are compressed by means of a compressor energized by a turbine placed in the exhaust line just downstream of the exhaust manifold
  • two major types of architecture are possible: a so-called high-pressure architecture, according to which the bypass for the recirculation of gases is placed upstream of the turbine, or a so-called low-pressure architecture according to which the bypass is placed downstream of this turbine.
  • recirculation line architectures high or low pressure are notably presented in the publication EP 0 596 855 .
  • Several of the proposed architectures provide for equipping the recirculation line with a particulate filter, specific to this line or disposed upstream of the bypass, this type of architecture advantageously making it possible to avoid injecting particles with can in the long run foul the intake line between the compressor and the intake manifold.
  • heating the coolant would thus both improve the heating of the passenger compartment and accelerate the temperature rise of the engine.
  • the recirculation circuit comprises a series of means for opening or closing conduits, in a binary (all-or-nothing) or proportional manner.
  • these means can be deteriorated if they are exposed to unpurified gases, hence a risk of failure all the more important that these parts are exposed to very high temperature and therefore already relatively fragile.
  • the soot present in the unpurified exhaust gas can form insulating deposits on the surface of the exchanger so that the efficiency of the latter is lower, which can be particularly damaging during the phases of operation with recirculation of the gases at the intake, phases during which the exchanger has the function of preventing the fresh gases from being mixed with too hot gases, to the detriment of a good efficiency of the engine.
  • the present invention aims at a new architecture of exhaust line more robust, and therefore more economical than the architectures known in the art.
  • an exhaust gas circuit of an engine according to claim 1.
  • This circuit comprises an exhaust line provided with a particulate filter, a gas recirculation duct connected to one of its ends at the exhaust line, downstream of the particulate filter, and at its other end, to the engine intake circuit and a heat exchanger for cooling the gases in the recirculation line;
  • this circuit being remarkable in that it comprises, downstream of the heat exchanger, a tube connected to the exhaust line (called 'Tube RTE') and means for selectively controlling the flow rate of gases admitted into the pipe of recirculation and means for directing the gases to the intake circuit or to the RTE Tube.
  • downstream and upstream are given by reference to the direction of gas flow, the engine being on the exhaust side the source.
  • the circuit also comprises means for bypassing the heat exchanger for at least a fraction of the gases reinjected at the inlet.
  • These means comprise the RTE tube.
  • valves make it possible to control the respective flow rates in the various pipes of the low pressure EGR circuit.
  • a proportional valve placed in the recirculation pipe, downstream of the junction point between the RTE pipe and the recirculation pipe, a second valve placed in the RTE pipe and a proportional valve placed in the line. exhaust, downstream of the diversion constituted by the recirculation pipe and upstream of the return of the Tube RTE.
  • the use of a proportional valve for the second valve makes it possible not to cool all the recirculated gases, variant all the more advantageous that the engine would not be equipped with a high pressure EGR circuit.
  • the second valve will preferably be an all-or-nothing type valve, more robust and less expensive.
  • the means for selectively controlling the flow rate of the gases admitted into the recirculation pipe and the means for directing the gases towards the intake circuit or to the bypass comprise a 3-way valve to the junction between the bypass and the exhaust line and a proportional valve, placed in the recirculation pipe, downstream of the branch to the RTE tube.
  • Another particularly advantageous possibility is to use a 3-way / proportional mixed valve at the junction between the RTE tube and the exhaust line and a proportional valve, placed in the pipeline of recirculation, downstream of the derivation to the RTE Tube.
  • the mixed valve comprises for example a pivoting flap, slaved to an actuator and a free flap provided with a return spring.
  • the circuit comprises a 3-way valve at the junction between the RTE tube and the recirculation pipe and a proportional valve between the junction between the line and the pipe and the junction between the line and the pipe. RTE tube.
  • the figure 1 illustrates different heating requirements depending on the engine water temperature and the outside temperature
  • the figure 2 is a schematic view of an exhaust gas circuit according to the invention.
  • the figure 3 details the low pressure EGR sub-circuit of the figure 2 in a depollution mode
  • the figure 4 details the low pressure EGR sub-circuit of the figure 2 in an RTE mode
  • the figure 5 illustrates a variant of an EGR sub-circuit comprising only two valves
  • the figure 6 is a detailed view of a valve particularly suitable for the configuration of the figure 5 ;
  • the figure 7 illustrates another variant with two valves of a subcircuit according to the invention.
  • the figure 1 is a graph on which a number of rolling situations have been positioned as a function of the outside ambient temperature (ordinate) and the water temperature of the engine cooling circuit (abscissa).
  • the cabin air can be easily warmed by recovering the heat from the engine by means of the heater (heat exchanger to the engine). passenger).
  • this heating mode is often considered insufficient, especially if the vehicle is traveling relatively slowly (and therefore the temperature of the coolant is low, for example lower than about 40 ° C).
  • additional heating is desirable, which heating can be obtained by recovering a portion of the heat of the exhaust gas, which is indicated on the graph by the zone denoted "area need additional heating cabin".
  • the exhaust gases consist essentially of a mixture of water vapor and carbon dioxide (the products of the reaction of combustion of air with the fuel).
  • the cooling can be somehow "too effective” and cause condensation of a portion of the water vapor.
  • the water droplets thus formed could then be injected into the compressor of the intake line at the risk of causing it to break. Therefore for these low temperatures, whatever the temperature of the engine water, it is not desirable to proceed with a cooling of the EGR gas for the depollution.
  • the area of additional heating need of the passenger compartment therefore corresponds to conditions other than those of the EGR zone.
  • FIG. figure 2 An example of a gas circuit according to the invention is more particularly represented in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the intake gases are schematized by simple arrows while the exhaust gases are represented by solid arrows.
  • the engine 1 is provided with means for admitting the fresh gases into the cylinders, here schematized by an intake distributor 2 and means for evacuating the combustion gases, here shown schematically by an exhaust manifold 3.
  • the supply circuit normally comprises a heat exchanger, not shown here, for cooling the fresh gases heated by the compressor. Then these cooled fresh gases are led to the intake manifold.
  • the exhaust line 6 starts at the exhaust manifold.
  • the flue gases drive a turbine 7 which actuates the compressor 4.
  • Downstream of the turbine 7 is arranged a particulate filter 10 or more exactly an assembly comprising an oxidation catalyst and a particulate filter, the oxidation catalyst for oxidizing carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons, and the filter to accumulate soot, consisting essentially of carbon, outside the regeneration phases during which the temperature of the exhaust gas is greater than the soot combustion temperature.
  • the exhaust gases Downstream of the particulate filter, the exhaust gases continue to run to the outside of the vehicle as shown by the arrow 11.
  • the circuit further comprises means for recycling a fraction of the exhaust gases by reinjecting them on admission.
  • these means consist of two sub-circuits called high and low pressure.
  • the high pressure sub-circuit 12 (EGR-HP) comprises a pipe connecting the exhaust manifold 3 to the inlet manifold 2, a proportional valve 13 allowing a flow control. Note that the connection with the exhaust part could also be carried out at any point upstream of the turbine 7.
  • the high pressure valve can be closed EGR when it is desired to cool the gases, and adjusting the respective flow rates between the low-pressure and high-pressure branches, a fine adjustment of the temperature is possible if desired.
  • the low pressure EGR sub-circuit is for its part constituted by a pipe 14 which connects the exhaust line 6 to the intake pipe 4, between a point (or junction) 15 of the exhaust line downstream of the filter particle and a point 16 of the intake pipe upstream of the compressor.
  • the pipe 14 passes through a heat exchanger 17 for cooling the gases flowing in the pipe.
  • This heat exchanger 17 is part of the cooling circuit, which also has the main function of cooling the engine and which passes through different heat transfer zones, heating up when it cools the oil and the internal engine material or gases. exhaust and being cooled at the radiator of the vehicle and possibly at the fresh air intake into the passenger compartment when heating is controlled.
  • a tube (called RTE tube) 18 connects a point (junction) 19 of the exhaust line 6, downstream of the point 15, and a point 20 (junction) of the pipe 14 downstream of the heat exchanger 17.
  • the low pressure EGR circuit shown in FIG. figure 2 has 3 valves.
  • a first valve 21, proportional valve type, is placed for example just upstream of point 16. In the open position, it allows the recycling of gases, and will subsequently be called EGR valve (or BP EGR valve).
  • the second valve 22, also referred to hereafter as RTE valve, may be of the all-or-nothing type as will be explained later.
  • a valve 23 called pressure drop valve, of the proportional type of the proportional type.
  • the gas streams will typically be as shown in FIG. figure 3 , that is to say that the BP EGR valve (21) is partially open and the valve 23 partially open (it being understood that the flow towards the terminal part of the pot exhaust of the vehicle can only be partially and not completely closed), so that a portion of the gas is diverted to the pipe 14.
  • the valve 22 If the valve 22 is in the closed position, all the gases reintroduced at the intake upstream of the compressor is cooled by the EGR exchanger.
  • the HP EGR line is also functional and the gases that pass through it are not cooled, considering that in the architecture proposed here, the gases are directly readmitted into the intake manifold and are therefore not not overheated by the compressor.
  • valve 22 is open, a part of the recirculated gases in the low pressure line can pass directly through the tube 18 which thus acts as a bypass of the EGR exchanger which allows a better control of the temperature of the gases. exhaust at the time of their reintroduction into the intake pipe.
  • a 3-way valve 30 is disposed at the point 19 and a proportional valve 31 is disposed between the points 20 and 16 of the pipe 14.
  • the circuit is analogous to a "normal" circuit (neither RTE nor EGR) when the proportional valve 31 is closed (diagram 5A) or similar to an EGR circuit when this valve is partially open (diagram 5B).
  • the 3-way valve closes the line 4
  • the proportional valve being closed, all the gases pass through the pipe 14 and return to the line 6 by means of the tube 18, the circuit is then in position RTE (diagram 5C).
  • This double-shutter valve thus comprises a pivoting flap 115 in the clockwise direction about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the flap, the movement of the flap being slaved to a pneumatic or electric actuator, not shown here.
  • the actuator thus makes it possible to open the flap 115 to control the fraction of the exhaust gas redirected towards the duct 14.
  • a second flap 121 is also mounted around the axis of rotation, this flap not being controlled by a actuator but simply provided with a return spring tending to press it in the closed position of the tube 18.
  • FIG. 7 Another variant, illustrated in figure 7 consists in using at point 20 a 3-way valve 41 and between point 15 and point 19 a proportional valve 42.
  • the invention makes it possible both to make the best use of the heat of the exhaust gases when there is a need to recover it without dedicating a heat exchanger specific to this function while being compatible with recirculation particularly high which is very favorable from the point of view of depollution.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The circuit has an exhaust line (6) provided with a particle filter (10), and a gas recirculation channel (14) connected to the line at one of its end in downstream of the filter and to an engine inlet circuit (4) at another end. A heat exchanger (17) cools gas in the channel. A tube (18) playing role of bypass is arranged at downstream of the exchanger for returning the channel to the exhaust line. Control units control flow of gas admitted in the channel in a selective manner, and orientation units orient the gas towards an inlet circuit or towards the tube.

Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention concerne un circuit de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion muni de moyens de recirculation des gaz d'échappement. L'invention est plus particulièrement adaptée aux moteurs par allumage par compression, dits diesel et aux moteurs essence pourvus d'une fonction EGR.The present invention relates to an exhaust gas circuit of a combustion engine provided with exhaust gas recirculation means. The invention is more particularly suitable for compression ignition engines, said diesel and gasoline engines with an EGR function.

Etat de la technique antérieureState of the art

Pour réduire les émissions de polluants à la source, notamment la production de monoxydes et d'oxydes d'azote, le mélange comburant-combustible (air-gasoil) dans la chambre de combustion est dilué par un gaz inerte, normalement constitué par des gaz brûlés. Pour cela, une fraction des gaz d'échappement sont prélevés au niveau du collecteur d'échappement ou de la ligne d'échappement et réinjectés à l'admission. Cette technique est le plus souvent connue par son acronyme anglo-saxon EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation).To reduce emissions of pollutants at the source, including the production of monoxides and nitrogen oxides, the fuel-fuel mixture (air-gas oil) in the combustion chamber is diluted with an inert gas, normally constituted by gases. burned. For this, a fraction of the exhaust gases are taken at the exhaust manifold or the exhaust line and reinjected at the intake. This technique is most often known by its Anglo-Saxon acronym EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation).

Les gaz d'échappement sont par définition chauds. Or il est bien connu que les émissions d'oxydes d'azote d'un moteur sont normalement d'autant meilleures que les gaz d'admission sont froids. Aussi, la ligne de recirculation admet-elle de façon usuelle un échangeur thermique de façon à refroidir la fraction de gaz recirculés avant de la mélanger avec les gaz frais.The exhaust gases are by definition hot. Now, it is well known that the emissions of nitrogen oxides from an engine are normally all the better when the intake gases are cold. Also, the recirculation line usually admits a heat exchanger so as to cool the recirculated gas fraction before mixing with the fresh gas.

Comme par ailleurs, il existe des phases de fonctionnement du moteur, notamment lors d'un démarrage à froid, où un tel refroidissement n'est pas souhaitable, la ligne de recirculation comporte le plus souvent deux branches, dont une refroidie, et des moyens pour contrôler les flux respectifs de gaz recirculés dans ces deux branches.As, moreover, there are phases of operation of the engine, in particular during a cold start, where such cooling is not desirable, the recirculation line most often comprises two branches, one of which is cooled, and means to control the respective flows of recirculated gases in these two branches.

Enfin, la ligne de recirculation comporte également des moyens pour modifier la fraction de gaz brûlés recirculés.Finally, the recirculation line also comprises means for modifying the recirculated flue gas fraction.

Lorsque le moteur est équipé d'un turbocompresseur, c'est-à-dire que les gaz frais sont comprimés au moyen d'un compresseur énergisé par une turbine placée dans la ligne d'échappement, juste en aval du collecteur d'échappement, deux grands types d'architecture sont possibles : une architecture dite haute pression, selon laquelle la dérivation pour la recirculation des gaz est placée en amont de la turbine, ou une architecture dite basse pression selon laquelle la dérivation est placée en aval de cette turbine.When the engine is equipped with a turbocharger, that is to say that the fresh gases are compressed by means of a compressor energized by a turbine placed in the exhaust line just downstream of the exhaust manifold, two major types of architecture are possible: a so-called high-pressure architecture, according to which the bypass for the recirculation of gases is placed upstream of the turbine, or a so-called low-pressure architecture according to which the bypass is placed downstream of this turbine.

Des exemples d'architectures de ligne de recirculation, haute ou basse pression sont notamment présentés dans la publication EP 0 596 855 . Plusieurs des architectures proposées prévoient d'équiper la ligne de recirculation d'un filtre à particules, propre à cette ligne ou disposé en amont de la dérivation, ce type d'architecture permettant avantageusement d'éviter de réinjecter à l'admission des particules qui peuvent à la longue encrasser la ligne d'admission entre le compresseur et le répartiteur d'admission. En pratique, il est clair qu'un filtre sur la ligne de recirculation elle-même ne permet pas de se passer d'un second filtre pour les gaz non recirculés, cette variante de l'invention est donc particulièrement onéreuse, combien même elle pourrait être mise en oeuvre, ce qui est loin d'être évident compte tenu que les volumes sous capots sont de plus en plus petits, notamment en raison du développement de l'offre de motorisations diesel même pour des véhicules de petites tailles. De plus, la publication précitée ne propose pas de stratégies de pilotage correspondant aux différentes architectures proposées et surtout aux différentes phases de roulage.Examples of recirculation line architectures, high or low pressure are notably presented in the publication EP 0 596 855 . Several of the proposed architectures provide for equipping the recirculation line with a particulate filter, specific to this line or disposed upstream of the bypass, this type of architecture advantageously making it possible to avoid injecting particles with can in the long run foul the intake line between the compressor and the intake manifold. In practice, it is clear that a filter on the recirculation line itself does not make it possible to do without a second filter for non-recirculated gases, this variant of the invention is therefore particularly expensive, how much it could even to be implemented, which is far from obvious considering that the volumes under hoods are becoming smaller, in particular because of the development of the supply of diesel engines even for vehicles of small sizes. In addition, the aforementioned publication does not propose steering strategies corresponding to the different architectures proposed and especially to the different phases of driving.

Indépendamment du contrôle des émissions de polluants, qui au mieux, est essentiellement transparent pour les occupants du véhicule, au pire génère une légère baisse de l'agrément de conduite, il est toujours souhaitable d'améliorer le confort des occupants. Une situation souvent jugée inconfortable se produit peu après le démarrage du véhicule par temps froid : d'une part, les occupants du véhicule s'attendent à ce que la température souhaitée (par exemple 20°C) soit rapidement atteinte dans l'habitacle, mais d'autre part, le chauffage vers l'habitacle est relativement peu efficace tant que la température du moteur n'a pas atteint la plage normale de fonctionnement.Regardless of the control of pollutant emissions, which at best is essentially transparent to the occupants of the vehicle, at worst generates a slight decline in driving enjoyment, it is always desirable to improve the comfort of the occupants. A situation often considered uncomfortable occurs shortly after starting the vehicle in cold weather: firstly, the occupants of the vehicle expect that the desired temperature (for example 20 ° C) is quickly reached in the passenger compartment, but on the other hand, the heating to the cabin is relatively inefficient as the engine temperature has not reached the normal operating range.

Pendant cette phase de démarrage, chauffer le liquide de refroidissement permettrait donc à la fois d'améliorer le chauffage de l'habitacle et d'accélérer la montée en température du moteur.During this startup phase, heating the coolant would thus both improve the heating of the passenger compartment and accelerate the temperature rise of the engine.

Il est connu d'utiliser la chaleur des gaz d'échappement pour procurer cet apport de calories au liquide de refroidissement moyennant un échangeur de chaleur placé sur la ligne d'échappement, connu sous le nom de RTE, acronyme de Récupération Thermique à l'Echappement. Sur les véhicules équipés d'une telle fonction RTE, l'échangeur vient s'ajouter à celui prévu pour le refroidissement des gaz d'échappement réintroduits dans le moteur. A l'évidence, ce doublement des équipements renchérit le coût du véhicule, et de plus n'est envisageable que si l'espace sous capot est suffisant, ce qui est loin d'être toujours le cas, en particulier pour les véhicules de petite taille.It is known to use the heat of the exhaust gases to provide this intake of calories to the coolant by means of a heat exchanger placed on the exhaust line, known as RTE, acronym for heat recovery at the same time. Exhaust. On vehicles equipped with such a RTE function, the exchanger is added to that provided for cooling the exhaust gases reintroduced into the engine. Obviously, this doubling of equipment increases the cost of the vehicle, and more is only possible if the space under the hood is sufficient, which is far from always being the case, especially for small vehicles. cut.

Une ligne d'échappement dans laquelle l'échangeur prévu pour le refroidissement des gaz d'échappement admis dans la branche de recirculation est également utilisé en dehors de cette fonction est connue du brevet FR 2 770 582 mais dans un concept assez différent. En effet ce document décrit une ligne d'échappement comportant une canalisation de recyclage des gaz d'échappement munie d'un échangeur thermique des gaz et prélevant les gaz en amont d'un pot catalytique, une dérivation des gaz, by-passant le circuit d'admission et retournant vers la ligne en amont du pot catalytique étant prévue. Selon cet enseignement, les gaz d'échappement sont admis dans la canalisation de recyclage avant d'être directement réadmis dans la ligne d'échappement lors des phases de démarrage du moteur, auquel cas les gaz aident au réchauffement du liquide de refroidissement circulant dans l'échangeur thermique, ce qui permet d'accélérer la mise en température du moteur, et dans un second temps, de chauffer l'habitacle, mais surtout lors des phases à pleine charge, lorsque la température des gaz d'échappement est maximale, de façon à refroidir les gaz pour que leur température ne dépasse pas les conditions d'utilisation du pot catalytique.An exhaust line in which the exchanger intended for the cooling of the exhaust gases admitted into the recirculation branch is also used outside this function is known from the patent FR 2,770,582 but in a rather different concept. Indeed, this document describes an exhaust line comprising an exhaust gas recycle line provided with a gas heat exchanger and removing gases upstream of a catalytic converter, a bypass of the gases, bypassing the circuit. intake and returning to the line upstream of the catalytic converter being provided. According to this teaching, the exhaust gases are admitted into the recycling pipe before being directly re-admitted into the exhaust line during engine start-up phases, in which case the gases help to warm the cooling liquid circulating in the engine. heat exchanger, which accelerates the engine warm-up, and in a second time, to heat the cabin, but especially during fully loaded phases, when the temperature of the exhaust gas is maximum, to cool the gases so that their temperature does not exceed the conditions of use of the catalytic converter.

Ce brevet FR 2 770 582 impose donc que la dérivation vers la canalisation de recirculation des gaz d'échappement soit placée en amont des moyens catalytiques. Or, une telle configuration suppose que les gaz recirculés sont des gaz non épurés.This patent FR 2,770,582 therefore requires that the diversion to the exhaust gas recirculation pipe is placed upstream of the catalytic means. Such a configuration assumes that the recirculated gases are unpurified gases.

Dans le cas des moteurs munis d'un filtre à particule, notamment des moteurs diesel, ceci suppose que les gaz recirculés sont chargés en particules.In the case of engines equipped with a particulate filter, especially diesel engines, this assumes that the recirculated gases are charged in particles.

Ceci n'est pas parfaitement satisfaisant du point de vue du bon fonctionnement du moteur thermique. En effet, idéalement tous les apports en combustible et en comburant devraient être parfaitement maitrisés, et les gaz recirculés parfaitement inertes. Autoriser une recirculation de gaz non épurés n'est donc pas en soi un optimal. Qui plus est et surtout, le circuit de recirculation comporte une série de moyens pour ouvrir ou fermer des conduits, de façon binaire (vanne tout-ou-rien) ou proportionnelle. Or ces moyens peuvent être détériorés s'ils sont exposés à des gaz non épurés, d'où un risque de panne d'autant plus important que ces pièces sont exposées à très haute température et par conséquent déjà relativement fragiles.This is not perfectly satisfactory from the point of view of the proper operation of the engine. In fact, ideally all fuel and oxidant inputs should be perfectly controlled, and the recirculated gases perfectly inert. To allow a recirculation of unpurified gases is therefore not in itself an optimal one. Moreover, and most importantly, the recirculation circuit comprises a series of means for opening or closing conduits, in a binary (all-or-nothing) or proportional manner. However, these means can be deteriorated if they are exposed to unpurified gases, hence a risk of failure all the more important that these parts are exposed to very high temperature and therefore already relatively fragile.

Par ailleurs, les suies présentes dans les gaz d'échappement non épurés peuvent former des dépôts isolants à la surface de l'échangeur de sorte que l'efficacité de ce dernier est moindre, ce qui peut être particulièrement dommageable lors des phases de fonctionnement avec recyclage des gaz à l'admission, phases pendant lesquelles l'échangeur a pour fonction d'éviter que les gaz frais ne soient mélangés à des gaz trop chauds, au détriment d'un bon rendement du moteur.Moreover, the soot present in the unpurified exhaust gas can form insulating deposits on the surface of the exchanger so that the efficiency of the latter is lower, which can be particularly damaging during the phases of operation with recirculation of the gases at the intake, phases during which the exchanger has the function of preventing the fresh gases from being mixed with too hot gases, to the detriment of a good efficiency of the engine.

On connaît par ailleurs le document US 2001/0047798 , divulguant un circuit conforme au préambule de la revendication 1.The document is also known US 2001/0047798 , disclosing a circuit according to the preamble of claim 1.

La présente invention vise une nouvelle architecture de ligne d'échappement plus robuste, et donc plus économique que les architectures connues de l'art.The present invention aims at a new architecture of exhaust line more robust, and therefore more economical than the architectures known in the art.

Selon l'invention, ce but est atteint par un circuit des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur selon la revendication 1. Ce circuit comporte une ligne d'échappement munie d'un filtre à particules, une canalisation de recirculation des gaz reliée à une de ses extrémités à la ligne d'échappement, en aval du filtre à particules, et à son autre extrémité, au circuit d'admission du moteur et un échangeur thermique pour refroidir les gaz dans la canalisation de recirculation; ce circuit étant remarquable en ce qu'il comporte, en aval de l'échangeur thermique, un tube relié à la ligne d'échappement (dit 'Tube RTE') et des moyens pour commander sélectivement le débit des gaz admis dans la canalisation de recirculation et des moyens pour orienter les gaz vers le circuit d'admission ou vers le Tube RTE.According to the invention, this object is achieved by an exhaust gas circuit of an engine according to claim 1. This circuit comprises an exhaust line provided with a particulate filter, a gas recirculation duct connected to one of its ends at the exhaust line, downstream of the particulate filter, and at its other end, to the engine intake circuit and a heat exchanger for cooling the gases in the recirculation line; this circuit being remarkable in that it comprises, downstream of the heat exchanger, a tube connected to the exhaust line (called 'Tube RTE') and means for selectively controlling the flow rate of gases admitted into the pipe of recirculation and means for directing the gases to the intake circuit or to the RTE Tube.

Dans le présent document, les notions d'aval et d'amont sont données par référence au sens de circulation des gaz, le moteur étant du côté de l'échappement la source.In this document, the concepts of downstream and upstream are given by reference to the direction of gas flow, the engine being on the exhaust side the source.

Selon l'invention, le circuit comporte également des moyens pour bipasser l'échangeur thermique pour au moins une fraction des gaz réinjectés à l'admission. Ces moyens comportent le tube RTE.According to the invention, the circuit also comprises means for bypassing the heat exchanger for at least a fraction of the gases reinjected at the inlet. These means comprise the RTE tube.

Différentes combinaisons de vannes permettent de contrôler les débits respectifs dans les différentes canalisations du circuit EGR basse pression. Ainsi, il est possible d'utiliser une vanne proportionnelle placée dans la canalisation de recirculation, en aval du point de jonction entre le Tube RTE et la canalisation de recirculation, une seconde vanne placée dans le Tube RTE et une vanne proportionnelle placée dans la ligne d'échappement, en aval de la dérivation constituée par le canalisation de recirculation et en amont du retour du Tube RTE. L'utilisation d'une vanne proportionnelle pour la seconde vanne permet de ne pas refroidir tous les gaz recirculés, variante d'autant plus avantageuse que le moteur ne serait pas équipé d'un circuit EGR haute pression. Si l'utilisation du Tube RTE n'est pas souhaitée dans un mode EGR, la seconde vanne sera de préférence une vanne de type tout-ou-rien, plus robuste et moins onéreuse.Different combinations of valves make it possible to control the respective flow rates in the various pipes of the low pressure EGR circuit. Thus, it is possible to use a proportional valve placed in the recirculation pipe, downstream of the junction point between the RTE pipe and the recirculation pipe, a second valve placed in the RTE pipe and a proportional valve placed in the line. exhaust, downstream of the diversion constituted by the recirculation pipe and upstream of the return of the Tube RTE. The use of a proportional valve for the second valve makes it possible not to cool all the recirculated gases, variant all the more advantageous that the engine would not be equipped with a high pressure EGR circuit. If the use of the RTE Tube is not desired in an EGR mode, the second valve will preferably be an all-or-nothing type valve, more robust and less expensive.

Selon une autre variante de l'invention, les moyens pour commander sélectivement le débit des gaz admis dans la canalisation de recirculation et les moyens pour orienter les gaz vers le circuit d'admission ou vers le by-pass comportent une vanne 3-voies à la jonction entre le by-pass et la ligne d'échappement et une vanne proportionnelle, placée dans la canalisation de recirculation, en aval de la dérivation vers le Tube RTE.According to another variant of the invention, the means for selectively controlling the flow rate of the gases admitted into the recirculation pipe and the means for directing the gases towards the intake circuit or to the bypass comprise a 3-way valve to the junction between the bypass and the exhaust line and a proportional valve, placed in the recirculation pipe, downstream of the branch to the RTE tube.

Une autre possibilité tout particulièrement avantageuse est d'utiliser une vanne mixte 3-voies/ proportionnelle à la jonction entre le Tube RTE et la ligne d'échappement et une vanne proportionnelle, placée dans la canalisation de recirculation, en aval de la dérivation vers le Tube RTE. La vanne mixte comporte par exemple un volet pivotant, asservi à un actionneur et un volet libre muni d'un ressort de rappel.Another particularly advantageous possibility is to use a 3-way / proportional mixed valve at the junction between the RTE tube and the exhaust line and a proportional valve, placed in the pipeline of recirculation, downstream of the derivation to the RTE Tube. The mixed valve comprises for example a pivoting flap, slaved to an actuator and a free flap provided with a return spring.

Dans une autre variante de l'invention, le circuit comporte une vanne 3-voies à la jonction entre le Tube RTE et la canalisation de recirculation et une vanne proportionnelle entre la jonction entre la ligne et la canalisation et la jonction entre la ligne et le Tube RTE.In another variant of the invention, the circuit comprises a 3-way valve at the junction between the RTE tube and the recirculation pipe and a proportional valve between the junction between the line and the pipe and the junction between the line and the pipe. RTE tube.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

D'autres avantages et particularités de l'invention ressortent de la description de modes de réalisation faite ci-après en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :Other advantages and particularities of the invention appear from the description of embodiments given below with reference to the appended drawings in which:

La figure 1 illustre différents besoins de chauffage en fonction de la température d'eau moteur et de la température extérieure ;The figure 1 illustrates different heating requirements depending on the engine water temperature and the outside temperature;

La figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un circuit des gaz d'échappement conforme à l'invention ;The figure 2 is a schematic view of an exhaust gas circuit according to the invention;

La figure 3 détaille le sous-circuit EGR basse pression de la figure 2 dans un mode dépollution ;The figure 3 details the low pressure EGR sub-circuit of the figure 2 in a depollution mode;

La figure 4 détaille le sous-circuit EGR basse pression de la figure 2 dans un mode RTE ;The figure 4 details the low pressure EGR sub-circuit of the figure 2 in an RTE mode;

La figure 5 illustre une variante d'un sous-circuit EGR comportant seulement deux vannes ;The figure 5 illustrates a variant of an EGR sub-circuit comprising only two valves;

La figure 6 est une vue détaillée d'une vanne convenant plus particulièrement à la configuration de la figure 5 ;The figure 6 is a detailed view of a valve particularly suitable for the configuration of the figure 5 ;

La figure 7 illustre une autre variante à deux vannes d'un sous-circuit selon l'invention.The figure 7 illustrates another variant with two valves of a subcircuit according to the invention.

Exposé détaillé de modes de réalisation de l'inventionDetailed description of embodiments of the invention

La figure 1 est un graphe sur lequel on a positionné un certain nombre de situations de roulage en fonction de la température ambiante extérieure (ordonnées) et de la température d'eau du circuit de refroidissement du moteur (abscisses).The figure 1 is a graph on which a number of rolling situations have been positioned as a function of the outside ambient temperature (ordinate) and the water temperature of the engine cooling circuit (abscissa).

Si la température extérieure, est supérieure à un certain seuil, typiquement compris entre 5 et 10°C, l'air de l'habitacle peut être aisément réchauffé en récupérant la chaleur du moteur au moyen de l'aérotherme (échangeur de chaleur vers l'habitacle). Pour des températures plus basses, ce mode de chauffage est souvent jugé insuffisant, notamment si le véhicule roule relativement lentement (et par conséquent la température du liquide de refroidissement est basse, par exemple inférieure de l'ordre de 40°C). Dans ce cas, un chauffage complémentaire est souhaitable, chauffage qui peut donc être obtenu en récupérant une partie de la chaleur des gaz d'échappement, ce qui est indiqué sur le graphe par la zone notée « zone besoin chauffage additionnel habitacle ».If the outside temperature is above a certain threshold, typically between 5 and 10 ° C, the cabin air can be easily warmed by recovering the heat from the engine by means of the heater (heat exchanger to the engine). passenger). For lower temperatures, this heating mode is often considered insufficient, especially if the vehicle is traveling relatively slowly (and therefore the temperature of the coolant is low, for example lower than about 40 ° C). In this case, additional heating is desirable, which heating can be obtained by recovering a portion of the heat of the exhaust gas, which is indicated on the graph by the zone denoted "area need additional heating cabin".

Par contre, du strict point de vue motoriste, il n'est pas souhaitable de refroidir une éventuelle fraction recyclée des gaz d'échappement si la température extérieure est basse. En effet, les gaz d'échappement sont essentiellement constitués par un mélange de vapeur d'eau et de dioxyde de carbone (les produits de la réaction de combustion de l'air avec le carburant). Or, si l'eau qui circule dans l'échangeur thermique équipant la canalisation de recirculation est très froide, le refroidissement peut être en quelque sorte « trop efficace » et provoquer la condensation d'une partie de la vapeur d'eau. Les gouttelettes d'eau ainsi formées pourraient alors être injectées dans le compresseur de la ligne d'admission au risque de provoquer sa casse. Donc pour ces basses températures, quelle que soit la température de l'eau moteur, il n'est pas souhaitable de procéder à un refroidissement des gaz EGR pour la dépollution. La zone de besoin de chauffage additionnel de l'habitacle correspond donc bien à des conditions autres que celles de la zone EGR.On the other hand, from the strict motorist point of view, it is not desirable to cool a possible recycled fraction of the exhaust gases if the outside temperature is low. In fact, the exhaust gases consist essentially of a mixture of water vapor and carbon dioxide (the products of the reaction of combustion of air with the fuel). However, if the water circulating in the heat exchanger equipping the recirculation pipe is very cold, the cooling can be somehow "too effective" and cause condensation of a portion of the water vapor. The water droplets thus formed could then be injected into the compressor of the intake line at the risk of causing it to break. Therefore for these low temperatures, whatever the temperature of the engine water, it is not desirable to proceed with a cooling of the EGR gas for the depollution. The area of additional heating need of the passenger compartment therefore corresponds to conditions other than those of the EGR zone.

Tant que le moteur est vraiment « froid », donc tant que la température d'eau est faible, la chambre de combustion est à une température relativement basse, ce qui n'induit pas un besoin de refroidir les gaz EGR pour des questions d'émission d'oxydes d'azote, la nécessité d'un échangeur thermique se justifiant sur les points de fonctionnement du moteur fortement chargés, moteur chaud. Par contre, il est toujours souhaitable d'aider à la montée en température du moteur en ne refroidissant pas trop l'huile à un stade où sa température doit encore augmenter, d'où la zone indiquée de « besoin chauffage eau moteur ».As long as the engine is really "cold", so as long as the water temperature is low, the combustion chamber is at a relatively low temperature, which does not induce a need to cool the EGR gas for questions of emission of nitrogen oxides, the need for a heat exchanger being justified on the heavily loaded engine operating points, hot engine. On the other hand, it is always desirable to help the temperature rise of the engine by not cooling too much oil to a stage where its temperature has to increase further, hence the indicated area of "need heating water motor".

En l'absence d'un conduit de retour permettant de faire circuler les gaz d'échappement dans l'échangeur EGR sans pour autant les réinjecter à l'admission, on est donc dans une phase ou paradoxalement, il existe un fort besoin d'échauffer le liquide de refroidissement pour favoriser le chauffage de l'habitacle mais pendant laquelle, aucune fraction des gaz d'échappement ne circule au niveau de l'échangeur thermique EGR de sorte qu'il n'y a pas récupération possible de la chaleur disponible à l'échappement.In the absence of a return conduit for circulating the exhaust gas in the EGR exchanger without returning them to admission, we are in a phase or paradoxically, there is a strong need for heating the coolant to favor the heating of the passenger compartment but during which no fraction of the exhaust gas circulates at the level of the heat exchanger EGR so that there is no possible recovery of the available heat in the exhaust.

Si maintenant on prévoit, comme selon l'invention des moyens pour faire circuler les gaz d'échappement au niveau de l'échangeur EGR sans pour autant les réinjecter à l'admission, il devient possible d'utiliser ces calories. Par ailleurs, comme ces gaz ne sont plus réinjectés, la fraction des gaz d'échappement admis dans la branche EGR peut être de 100%, alors que tant que cette fraction est destinée à être réinjectée à l'admission, elle ne peut qu'être partielle sous peine d'une casse moteur immédiate.If now it is provided, as according to the invention means for circulating the exhaust gas at the EGR exchanger without returning them to admission, it becomes possible to use these calories. Moreover, since these gases are no longer reinjected, the fraction of the exhaust gases admitted to the EGR branch can be 100%, whereas as long as this fraction is intended to be reinjected at intake, it can only to be partial under pain of an immediate engine failure.

Disposer de ces moyens de retour direct est donc particulièrement avantageux. Pour autant, il est clair que ceci suppose au moins une vanne supplémentaire par rapport à une installation classique et que toutes les vannes du circuit EGR vont se trouver exposer à des quantités plus importantes de gaz d'échappement. Donc si ces gaz ne sont pas épurés, le risque est très grand que les vannes soient rapidement endommagées par l'accumulation progressive de suies. Suies qui par ailleurs, vont constituer une couche isolante sur les parois de l'échangeur et dégrader son efficacité. Placer donc le retour sur un circuit EGR basse pression, en aval du filtre à particules, est donc particulièrement avantageux.Having these means of direct return is therefore particularly advantageous. However, it is clear that this assumes at least one additional valve compared to a conventional installation and that all the valves of the EGR circuit will be exposed to larger amounts of exhaust gas. So if these gases are not purified, the risk is very great that the valves are quickly damaged by the gradual accumulation of soot. Suies, moreover, will form an insulating layer on the walls of the exchanger and degrade its effectiveness. Placing the return on a low pressure EGR circuit, downstream of the particulate filter, is therefore particularly advantageous.

Un exemple de circuit des gaz selon l'invention est plus particulièrement représenté à la figure 2. Pour plus de clarté, sur cette figure 2, les gaz d'admission sont schématisés par de simples flèches alors que les gaz d'échappement sont représentés par des flèches pleines.An example of a gas circuit according to the invention is more particularly represented in FIG. figure 2 . For clarity, on this figure 2 , the intake gases are schematized by simple arrows while the exhaust gases are represented by solid arrows.

Le moteur 1 est muni de moyens pour admettre les gaz frais dans les cylindres, ici schématisés par un répartiteur d'admission 2 et de moyens pour évacuer les gaz de combustion, ici schématisés par un collecteur d'échappement 3.The engine 1 is provided with means for admitting the fresh gases into the cylinders, here schematized by an intake distributor 2 and means for evacuating the combustion gases, here shown schematically by an exhaust manifold 3.

L'air frais, filtré et asséché, aspiré par le moteur, est conduit par la conduite d'admission 4 jusqu'à un compresseur 5 qui permet de comprimer l'air frais et donc de suralimenter le moteur, autorisant ainsi un couple maximal du moteur plus grand. Après ce compresseur, le circuit d'alimentation comporte normalement un échangeur thermique, ici non représenté, pour refroidir les gaz frais échauffés par le compresseur. Puis ces gaz frais refroidis sont conduits jusqu'au collecteur d'admission.Fresh air, filtered and dried, sucked by the engine, is led through the intake pipe 4 to a compressor 5 which compresses the fresh air and thus supercharging the engine, thus allowing maximum torque of the engine. bigger engine. After this compressor, the supply circuit normally comprises a heat exchanger, not shown here, for cooling the fresh gases heated by the compressor. Then these cooled fresh gases are led to the intake manifold.

La ligne d'échappement 6 débute au collecteur d'échappement. Les gaz brûlés entrainent une turbine 7 qui actionne le compresseur 4. Un by-pass 8 associé à une vanne 9 (wastegate), permet de réguler le débit de gaz au niveau de la turbine afin de contrôler le niveau de pression de suralimentation. En aval de la turbine 7 est disposé un filtre à particules 10 ou plus exactement un ensemble comportant un catalyseur d'oxydation et un filtre à particules, le catalyseur d'oxydation permettant d'oxyder le monoxyde de carbone et les hydrocarbures imbrulés, et le filtre d'accumuler les suies, constituées essentiellement de carbone, en dehors des phases de régénération pendant lesquelles la température des gaz d'échappement est supérieure à la température de combustion des suies. En aval du filtre à particules, les gaz d'échappement poursuivent leur course pour déboucher à l'extérieur du véhicule comme schématisé par la flèche 11.The exhaust line 6 starts at the exhaust manifold. The flue gases drive a turbine 7 which actuates the compressor 4. A bypass 8 associated with a valve 9 (wastegate), regulates the flow of gas at the turbine to control the boost pressure level. Downstream of the turbine 7 is arranged a particulate filter 10 or more exactly an assembly comprising an oxidation catalyst and a particulate filter, the oxidation catalyst for oxidizing carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons, and the filter to accumulate soot, consisting essentially of carbon, outside the regeneration phases during which the temperature of the exhaust gas is greater than the soot combustion temperature. Downstream of the particulate filter, the exhaust gases continue to run to the outside of the vehicle as shown by the arrow 11.

Le circuit comporte par ailleurs des moyens pour recycler une fraction des gaz d'échappement en les réinjectant à l'admission. Sur le circuit ici représenté, ces moyens sont constitués par deux sous-circuits dits haute et basse pression.The circuit further comprises means for recycling a fraction of the exhaust gases by reinjecting them on admission. On the circuit shown here, these means consist of two sub-circuits called high and low pressure.

Le sous-circuit haute pression 12 (EGR-HP) comporte une canalisation reliant le collecteur d'échappement 3 au répartiteur d'admission 2, une vanne proportionnelle 13 permettant un réglage du débit. A noter que la liaison avec la partie échappement pourrait également être effectuée en tout point en amont de la turbine 7. Dans la configuration ici proposée, les gaz recirculés par ce circuit haute pression ne sont pas refroidis, la vanne EGR haute pression pouvant être fermée lorsque l'on souhaite un refroidissement des gaz, et en ajustant les débits respectifs entre les branches basse-pression et haute pression, un réglage fin de la température est possible si souhaité. Bien entendu, il serait également possible de prévoir un échangeur de refroidissement dans la branche haute pression même si en pratique, cette solution est à l'évidence plus onéreuse.The high pressure sub-circuit 12 (EGR-HP) comprises a pipe connecting the exhaust manifold 3 to the inlet manifold 2, a proportional valve 13 allowing a flow control. Note that the connection with the exhaust part could also be carried out at any point upstream of the turbine 7. In the configuration proposed here, the gases recirculated by this high pressure circuit are not cooled, the high pressure valve can be closed EGR when it is desired to cool the gases, and adjusting the respective flow rates between the low-pressure and high-pressure branches, a fine adjustment of the temperature is possible if desired. Of course, it would also be possible to provide a cooling exchanger in the high pressure branch even if in practice, this solution is obviously more expensive.

Le sous-circuit EGR basse pression est pour sa part constitué par une canalisation 14 qui relie la ligne d'échappement 6 à la conduite d'admission 4, entre un point (ou jonction) 15 de la ligne d'échappement en aval du filtre à particules et un point 16 de la conduite d'admission en amont du compresseur. La canalisation 14 traverse un échangeur thermique 17 pour le refroidissement des gaz circulant dans la canalisation. Cet échangeur thermique 17 fait partie du circuit de refroidissement qui par ailleurs a pour principale fonction le refroidissement du moteur et qui passe par différentes zones de transfert de chaleur, s'échauffant quand il refroidit l'huile et la matière interne moteur ou les gaz d'échappement et étant refroidi au niveau du radiateur du véhicule et éventuellement au niveau de l'entrée d'air frais dans l'habitacle lorsqu'un chauffage est commandé.The low pressure EGR sub-circuit is for its part constituted by a pipe 14 which connects the exhaust line 6 to the intake pipe 4, between a point (or junction) 15 of the exhaust line downstream of the filter particle and a point 16 of the intake pipe upstream of the compressor. The pipe 14 passes through a heat exchanger 17 for cooling the gases flowing in the pipe. This heat exchanger 17 is part of the cooling circuit, which also has the main function of cooling the engine and which passes through different heat transfer zones, heating up when it cools the oil and the internal engine material or gases. exhaust and being cooled at the radiator of the vehicle and possibly at the fresh air intake into the passenger compartment when heating is controlled.

Par ailleurs, un tube (dit tube RTE) 18 relie un point (jonction) 19 de la ligne d'échappement 6, en aval du point 15, et un point 20 (jonction) de la canalisation 14 en aval de l'échangeur thermique 17.Furthermore, a tube (called RTE tube) 18 connects a point (junction) 19 of the exhaust line 6, downstream of the point 15, and a point 20 (junction) of the pipe 14 downstream of the heat exchanger 17.

Le circuit EGR basse pression illustré à la figure 2 comporte par ailleurs 3 vannes. Une première vanne 21, de type vanne proportionnelle, est placée par exemple juste en amont du point 16. En position ouverte, elle autorise le recyclage des gaz, et sera par la suite qualifiée de vanne EGR (ou vanne EGR BP). La deuxième vanne 22, également appelée par la suite vanne RTE, peut être du type tout ou rien comme il sera expliqué plus après. Enfin, entre le point 15 et le point 19 il est prévu une vanne 23 dite vanne de perte de charge, du type proportionnelle.The low pressure EGR circuit shown in FIG. figure 2 has 3 valves. A first valve 21, proportional valve type, is placed for example just upstream of point 16. In the open position, it allows the recycling of gases, and will subsequently be called EGR valve (or BP EGR valve). The second valve 22, also referred to hereafter as RTE valve, may be of the all-or-nothing type as will be explained later. Finally, between point 15 and point 19 there is provided a valve 23 called pressure drop valve, of the proportional type.

Lorsque le moteur est chaud et qu'un fonctionnement en mode EGR est souhaité, les flux gazeux seront typiquement tels que représentés à la figure 3, c'est-à-dire que la vanne EGR BP (21) est partiellement ouverte et la vanne 23 partiellement ouverte (étant entendu que le flux vers la partie terminale du pot d'échappement du véhicule ne peut qu'être partiellement et non totalement obturée), de sorte qu'une partie des gaz est dérivée vers la canalisation 14.When the engine is warm and EGR mode operation is desired, the gas streams will typically be as shown in FIG. figure 3 , that is to say that the BP EGR valve (21) is partially open and the valve 23 partially open (it being understood that the flow towards the terminal part of the pot exhaust of the vehicle can only be partially and not completely closed), so that a portion of the gas is diverted to the pipe 14.

Si la vanne 22 est en position fermée, l'ensemble des gaz réintroduits à l'admission en amont du compresseur est refroidi par l'échangeur EGR. Dans l'hypothèse ici figurée, la ligne EGR HP est également fonctionnelle et les gaz qui la traverse ne sont pas eux refroidis, considérant que dans l'architecture ici proposée, les gaz sont directement réadmis dans le collecteur d'admission et ne sont donc pas surchauffés par le compresseur. Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, il est aussi possible de prévoir un refroidissement, de préférence optionnel donc avec un by-pass, pour la ligne EGT HP - ou dans une toute autre variante, opter pour une architecture sans ligne HP.If the valve 22 is in the closed position, all the gases reintroduced at the intake upstream of the compressor is cooled by the EGR exchanger. In the hypothesis here figured, the HP EGR line is also functional and the gases that pass through it are not cooled, considering that in the architecture proposed here, the gases are directly readmitted into the intake manifold and are therefore not not overheated by the compressor. Without departing from the scope of the invention, it is also possible to provide cooling, preferably optional with a bypass, for the line EGT HP - or in any other variant, opt for an architecture without HP line.

Si partant de la configuration illustrée à la figure 3, la vanne 22 est ouverte, une partie des gaz recirculés dans la ligne basse pression pourront passer directement par le tube 18 qui joue ainsi un rôle de by-pass de l'échangeur EGR ce qui permet un meilleur contrôle de la température des gaz d'échappement au moment de leur réintroduction dans la conduite d'admission.If starting from the configuration illustrated in the figure 3 , the valve 22 is open, a part of the recirculated gases in the low pressure line can pass directly through the tube 18 which thus acts as a bypass of the EGR exchanger which allows a better control of the temperature of the gases. exhaust at the time of their reintroduction into the intake pipe.

Dans le mode illustré à la figure 4, les vannes EGR 21 et 23 sont maintenant fermées alors que la vanne RTE 22 est ouverte. A l'exception de la fraction des gaz « fuyant » au travers de la vanne proportionnelle 23, il peut être considéré que tous les gaz d'échappement arrivés en sortie de compresseur puis du filtre à particules sont dirigés vers la canalisation 14, refroidis par l'échangeur EGR et retournent vers la ligne d'échappement par le tube 18 qui sert maintenant de tube de retour. Compte tenu que la quantité de gaz à refroidir est plus importante que pour un simple échangeur EGR, il est avantageux de dimensionner cet échangeur par rapport aux débits traités dans ce mode de fonctionnement, et non dans le mode EGR illustré à la figure 3, en veillant dans la mesure du possible à minimiser les pertes de charge.In the mode shown in figure 4 , the EGR valves 21 and 23 are now closed while the RTE valve 22 is open. With the exception of the fraction of the gases "leaking" through the proportional valve 23, it can be considered that all the exhaust gases arriving at the compressor outlet and then the particulate filter are directed towards the pipe 14, cooled by the EGR exchanger and return to the exhaust line through the tube 18 which now serves as a return tube. Considering that the quantity of gas to be cooled is greater than for a simple EGR exchanger, it is advantageous to size this exchanger with respect to the flows treated in this operating mode, and not in the EGR mode illustrated in FIG. figure 3 , taking care as far as possible to minimize the pressure drops.

Dans ce mode de fonctionnement, correspondant à une configuration moteur froid, l'échauffement du liquide de refroidissement au niveau de l'échangeur EGR est alors maximal ce qui permet de favoriser la montée en température du moteur et de chauffer plus rapidement l'habitacle. Ce mode de fonctionnement est donc avantageux en hiver pour aider au chauffage de l'habitacle. Quelle que soit la température extérieure, il peut également être utilisé tant que la température du liquide de refroidissement est relativement basse, par exemple inférieure à 60°C, ceci afin d'autoriser notamment une régénération du filtre à particules rapidement après le démarrage - ce qui peut être souhaité par exemple lorsqu'une régénération a été interrompue suite à l'arrêt du véhicule. → Un autre mode de fonctionnement existe : vanne 23 fermée et vannes 21 et 22 en régulation afin de maximiser les calories transmises à l'eau moteur tout en refroidissant les gaz EGR.In this mode of operation, corresponding to a cold engine configuration, the heating of the coolant at the level of the EGR exchanger is then maximum, which makes it possible to promote the temperature rise of the engine and to heat the cabin more quickly. This mode of operation is therefore advantageous in winter to help warm the cabin. Whatever outside temperature, it can also be used as long as the temperature of the coolant is relatively low, for example below 60 ° C, this in particular to allow a regeneration of the particulate filter quickly after startup - which may be desired for example when a regeneration has been interrupted following the stopping of the vehicle. → Another mode of operation exists: valve 23 closed and valves 21 and 22 in regulation in order to maximize the calories transmitted to the engine water while cooling the EGR gases.

Comme indiqué précédemment, il importe de disposer de moyens de vannage permettant de basculer entre 3 modes de fonctionnement : un fonctionnement basique, dans lequel les gaz d'échappement ne circulent pas dans la canalisation 14 (et donc non plus dans le tube 18), un mode EGR - avec une fraction variable de gaz recirculés vers l'admission, et un mode RTE.As indicated above, it is important to have means of throttling for switching between 3 operating modes: a basic operation, in which the exhaust gases do not circulate in the pipe 14 (and therefore no longer in the pipe 18), an EGR mode - with a variable fraction of recirculated gas to the intake, and an RTE mode.

Pour l'obtention de ces 3 modes, on peut utiliser une architecture avec 1 vanne tout ou rien et 2 vannes proportionnelles comme indiqué précédemment ou d'autres architectures impliquant un nombre moindre de vannes.To obtain these 3 modes, one can use an architecture with 1 on-off valve and 2 proportional valves as indicated previously or other architectures involving a smaller number of valves.

Dans la variante illustrée à la figure 5, une vanne 3-voies 30 est disposée au niveau du point 19 et une vanne proportionnelle 31 est disposée entre les points 20 et 16 de la canalisation 14. Lorsque la vanne 3-voies 30 ferme la canalisation 18 (schéma 5A et 5B), le circuit est analogue à un circuit « normal » (ni RTE ni EGR) quand la vanne proportionnelle 31 est fermée (schéma 5A) ou analogue à un circuit EGR quand cette vanne est partiellement ouverte (schéma 5B). Lorsque la vanne 3-voies ferme la ligne 4, la vanne proportionnelle étant fermée, tous les gaz passent par la canalisation 14 et retournent vers la ligne 6 au moyen du tube 18, le circuit est donc alors en position RTE (schéma 5C).In the variant illustrated in figure 5 a 3-way valve 30 is disposed at the point 19 and a proportional valve 31 is disposed between the points 20 and 16 of the pipe 14. When the 3-way valve 30 closes the pipe 18 (Figure 5A and 5B), the circuit is analogous to a "normal" circuit (neither RTE nor EGR) when the proportional valve 31 is closed (diagram 5A) or similar to an EGR circuit when this valve is partially open (diagram 5B). When the 3-way valve closes the line 4, the proportional valve being closed, all the gases pass through the pipe 14 and return to the line 6 by means of the tube 18, the circuit is then in position RTE (diagram 5C).

En pratique, il est toutefois difficile de concevoir une vanne proportionnelle dont la position fermée est effectivement étanche. Une solution consiste alors à utiliser une simple vanne tout-ou-rien en substitution de la vanne EGR proportionnelle et de placer au niveau du point 19 une vanne à double volets, jouant à la fois un rôle de vanne 3-voies et de vanne proportionnelles comme par exemple illustré à la figure 6.In practice, however, it is difficult to design a proportional valve whose closed position is effectively sealed. One solution is then to use a simple on-off valve to replace the proportional EGR valve and to place at point 19 a double-vane valve, playing both a 3-way valve and proportional valve role. as for example shown in the figure 6 .

Cette vanne à double volet comporte ainsi un volet pivotant 115 dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre autour d'un axe de rotation perpendiculaire au volet, le mouvement du volet étant asservi à un actionneur pneumatique ou électrique, ici non représenté. L'actionneur permet ainsi d'ouvrir le volet 115 pour contrôler la fraction des gaz d'échappement redirigée vers la canalisation 14. Un second volet 121 est également monté autour de l'axe de rotation, ce volet n'étant pas commandé par un actionneur mais simplement muni d'un ressort de rappel tendant à le plaquer en position de fermeture du tube 18. Lorsque le volet 115 ferme la ligne 6, la pression des gaz d'échappement force le volet 121 à ouvrir la sortie du conduit 18. A noter que dans cette variante, si volet actionné 115 « fuit » en position de fermeture, on a simplement une petite fraction des gaz d'échappement qui ne sera pas dirigée vers l'échangeur dans le mode RTE mais ceci n'aura qu'un effet très limité, celui-de ralentir faiblement la montée en température de l'eau de refroidissement, ce qui est beaucoup moins critique qu'au niveau des gaz EGR. De plus cette variante présente l'avantage d'assurer un débit permanent vers l'échappement même dans le cas d'une vanne 30 non fonctionnelle.This double-shutter valve thus comprises a pivoting flap 115 in the clockwise direction about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the flap, the movement of the flap being slaved to a pneumatic or electric actuator, not shown here. The actuator thus makes it possible to open the flap 115 to control the fraction of the exhaust gas redirected towards the duct 14. A second flap 121 is also mounted around the axis of rotation, this flap not being controlled by a actuator but simply provided with a return spring tending to press it in the closed position of the tube 18. When the flap 115 closes the line 6, the pressure of the exhaust gas forces the flap 121 to open the outlet of the duct 18. Note that in this variant, if actuated flap 115 "leaks" in the closed position, we simply have a small fraction of the exhaust gas that will not be directed to the exchanger in the RTE mode but this will only have to a very limited effect, that of slowing down slightly the rise in temperature of the cooling water, which is much less critical than at the level of the EGR gases. In addition this variant has the advantage of ensuring a constant flow to the exhaust even in the case of a non-functional valve 30.

Une autre variante, illustrée à la figure 7, consiste à utiliser au niveau du point 20 une vanne 3-voies 41 et entre le point 15 et le point 19 une vanne proportionnelle 42.Another variant, illustrated in figure 7 consists in using at point 20 a 3-way valve 41 and between point 15 and point 19 a proportional valve 42.

Dans ces différentes variantes, l'invention permet à la fois d'utiliser au mieux la chaleur des gaz d'échappement lorsqu'il existe un besoin de la récupérer sans dédier un échangeur de chaleur spécifique à cette fonction tout en étant compatible avec des taux de recirculation particulièrement élevé ce qui est très favorable du point de vue dépollution.In these different variants, the invention makes it possible both to make the best use of the heat of the exhaust gases when there is a need to recover it without dedicating a heat exchanger specific to this function while being compatible with recirculation particularly high which is very favorable from the point of view of depollution.

Claims (9)

  1. Exhaust gas circuit of an engine comprising:
    • an exhaust line (6);
    • a gas recirculation duct (14) connected at one of these ends to the exhaust line, and at its other end to the engine inlet circuit (4);
    • a heat exchanger (17) to cool the gases in the recirculation duct (14);
    and comprising, downstream of the heat exchanger (17), an exhaust heat recovery tube (18) for a return of the recirculation duct to the exhaust line (6) and means for selectively controlling the flow of gases admitted into the recirculation duct, means for directing the gases towards the inlet circuit or towards the exhaust heat recovery tube,
    characterized in that
    • the exhaust line is provided with a particle filter (10);
    • the gas recirculation duct (14), at its end which is connected to the exhaust line, is connected downstream of the particle filter (10);
    • the circuit comprises means for bypassing the heat exchanger for a fraction at least of the gases recirculated and readmitted to the engine inlet, the said means for bypassing the heat exchanger comprising the exhaust heat recovery tube (18).
  2. Circuit according to Claim 1, characterized in that these means for bypassing the heat exchanger comprise a recirculation circuit (12) connected on the one hand to the inlet circuit of the engine and on the other hand to the exhaust stack or to a point of the exhaust line upstream of the particle filter and of any turbine of a supercharging system.
  3. Circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for selectively controlling the flow of the gases admitted into the recirculation duct and the means for directing the gases towards the inlet circuit or towards the by-pass comprise a proportional valve (21) placed in the duct (14), downstream of the junction point between the by-pass (18) and the duct (14), a valve (22) placed in the exhaust heat recovery tube (18) and a proportional valve (23) placed in the exhaust line (6), downstream of the branch towards the recirculation duct (14) and upstream of the return of the exhaust heat recovery tube.
  4. Circuit according to Claim 3, characterized in that the valve (22) is a valve of the all-or-nothing type.
  5. Circuit according to Claim 3, characterized in that the valve (22) is a valve of the proportional type.
  6. Circuit according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the means for selectively controlling the flow of the gases admitted into the recirculation duct and the means for directing the gases towards the inlet circuit or towards the exhaust heat recovery tube comprise a 3-way valve (30) at the junction between the exhaust heat recovery tube (18) and the exhaust line (6) and a proportional valve (31), placed in the recirculation duct (14), downstream of the branch towards the by-pass (18).
  7. Circuit according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the means for selectively controlling the flow of the gases admitted into the recirculation duct and the means for directing the gases towards the inlet circuit or towards the exhaust heat recovery tube comprise a mixed 3-way/proportional valve (30) at the junction between the exhaust heat recovery tube (18) and the exhaust line (6) and an all-or-nothing valve (31), placed in the recirculation duct (14), downstream of the branch towards the by-pass (18).
  8. Circuit according to Claim 7, characterized in that the mixed valve comprises a pivoting wing (115), subordinated to an actuator, and a free wing (121) provided with a return spring.
  9. Circuit according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the means for selectively controlling the flow of the gases admitted into the recirculation duct and the means for directing the gases towards the inlet circuit or towards the by-pass comprise a 3-way valve (41) at the junction (20) between the by-pass (18) and the recirculation duct (14) and a proportional valve (42) between the junction between the line (6) and the duct (14) and the junction (19) between the line (6) and the by-pass (18).
EP08159176A 2007-07-30 2008-06-27 Engine exhaust gas circuit Not-in-force EP2025912B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0756815A FR2919681B1 (en) 2007-07-30 2007-07-30 EXHAUST GAS CIRCUIT FOR AN ENGINE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2025912A1 EP2025912A1 (en) 2009-02-18
EP2025912B1 true EP2025912B1 (en) 2011-11-16

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EP08159176A Not-in-force EP2025912B1 (en) 2007-07-30 2008-06-27 Engine exhaust gas circuit

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AT (1) ATE533936T1 (en)
FR (1) FR2919681B1 (en)

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FR2920834B1 (en) * 2007-09-12 2012-10-26 Valeo Sys Controle Moteur Sas DEVICE AND METHOD FOR RECIRCULATING THE EXHAUST GAS OF A THERMAL ENGINE
FR2924169B1 (en) * 2007-11-28 2010-02-26 Renault Sas DELEGATION AND HEATING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MOTOR VEHICLE
DE102009006013A1 (en) 2009-01-23 2010-08-05 Pierburg Gmbh Exhaust flap device and exhaust heat recovery system of an internal combustion engine
EP2302190B1 (en) * 2009-09-25 2013-12-25 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Exhaust gas recycling system
DE102010036946A1 (en) * 2010-08-11 2012-02-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc. High pressure exhaust gas recirculation system with heat recovery
FR2992357B1 (en) * 2012-06-22 2015-08-21 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa METHOD FOR MANAGING THE INTAKE OF AIR AND A LOOP OF THE EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION SYSTEM OF AN ENGINE
WO2014171907A1 (en) * 2013-04-16 2014-10-23 Ford Otomotiv Sanayi Anonim Sirketi An exhaust gas recirculation system with variable flow rate
FR3033002B1 (en) * 2015-02-25 2019-05-17 Valeo Systemes Thermiques DEVICE FOR THERMALLY MANAGING THE INTAKE AIR OF AN ENGINE.
DE102016218990A1 (en) 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Charged internal combustion engine with cooled exhaust gas recirculation

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EP0596855A1 (en) * 1992-11-02 1994-05-11 AVL Gesellschaft für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Messtechnik mbH.Prof.Dr.Dr.h.c. Hans List Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas turbocharger
FR2770582B1 (en) 1997-10-31 2000-01-28 Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa GAS EXHAUST AND RECIRCULATION LINE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE ENGINES
JP2001280200A (en) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-10 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd Exhaust gas circulation device of engine
US6899090B2 (en) * 2002-08-21 2005-05-31 Honeywell International, Inc. Dual path EGR system and methods
FR2876416B1 (en) * 2004-10-11 2007-01-26 Renault Sas SUPERCHARGED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE HAVING A RECIRCULATION CIRCUIT FOR BURNED GASES
FR2885178A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-03 Renault Sas Power train for motor vehicle, has exhaust gas recirculation valves and back pressure valve circulating exhaust gas in cleaning circuit and evacuating gas in exhaust pipe, where circuit cleans section of exhaust gas recirculation circuit
DE102005029322A1 (en) * 2005-06-24 2006-12-28 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Exhaust gas recycling and cooling device for engine has first and second exhaust gas heat exchangers combined in structural unit to form module

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FR2919681A1 (en) 2009-02-06
FR2919681B1 (en) 2009-10-09
ATE533936T1 (en) 2011-12-15
EP2025912A1 (en) 2009-02-18

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