EP2002180A2 - Integration of oxy-fuel and air-fuel combustion - Google Patents
Integration of oxy-fuel and air-fuel combustionInfo
- Publication number
- EP2002180A2 EP2002180A2 EP07754335A EP07754335A EP2002180A2 EP 2002180 A2 EP2002180 A2 EP 2002180A2 EP 07754335 A EP07754335 A EP 07754335A EP 07754335 A EP07754335 A EP 07754335A EP 2002180 A2 EP2002180 A2 EP 2002180A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- oxidant
- burner
- conduit
- furnace
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
- F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
- C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
- F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2211/00—Heating processes for glass melting in glass melting furnaces
- C03B2211/40—Heating processes for glass melting in glass melting furnaces using oxy-fuel burners
- C03B2211/60—Heating processes for glass melting in glass melting furnaces using oxy-fuel burners oxy-fuel burner construction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/07021—Details of lances
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
Definitions
- the present invention relates to combustion of fuel in a furnace, and especially in a furnace used to heat solid and liquid materials and/or to melt solid materials, as the materials are held in or passing through the furnace.
- heating material to elevated temperatures, on the order of 1000 0 F or higher. Examples are numerous but include heating or reheating steel prior to its being worked in a mill, and melting glassmaking materials to form a glassmelt from which glass products are formed.
- the heat is applied to the material in a furnace in which the material has been placed, or through which the material is passed.
- the heat is obtained by combustion within the furnace, at one or more burners where fuel is burned to produce heat of combustion.
- the burner or burners In many furnaces the burner or burners combust fuel with air, which of course contains the oxygen needed for the combustion. Such combustion is termed “air-fuel combustion” and burners at which air-fuel combustion occurs are termed “air-fuel burners”. In many other applications the burner or burners combust fuel with a gaseous oxidant that contains oxygen in a concentration higher than that of air, ranging from 25 vol. % to 99 vol.% depending on the application and other considerations such as (but not limited to) economics, the higher temperature at which the combustion (termed “oxy-fuel combustion”) occurs, and the opportunity to generate a smaller amount of nitrogen oxides. Oxy-fuel combustion often requires the use of burners (termed “oxy-fuel burners”) that are adapted for oxy-fuel combustion, in particular in their ability to withstand the higher combustion temperatures obtained in oxy-fuel combustion.
- Some applications attempt to use both air-fuel combustion and oxy-fuel combustion.
- One example occurs in steel reheating furnaces, in which a piece (slab, bloom or billet) of steel is passed through a furnace wherein the piece is heated first by the heat provided from one or more air-fuel burners and then (as it continues its passage through the furnace) by heat provided from one or more oxy-fuel burners.
- the advantages of oxy-fuel combustion have led operators to remove air-fuel burners and replace them with oxy-fuel burners or add additional zones composed of oxy-fuel burners.
- the present invention in one aspect, is combustion apparatus comprising
- control means that regulates the flow of oxidant through the oxidant conduit and the flow of air through the air conduit such that the ratio of air flow to oxidant flow can be controlled; wherein the oxidant conduit and the burner fuel conduit are oriented with respect to each other so that the oxidant conduit feeds oxidant into an oxidant mixing zone in the combustion zone and the burner fuel conduit feeds fuel into a fuel reaction zone in the combustion zone which is segregated from the oxidant mixing zone.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a burner apparatus comprising (a) a burner to which air is fed through an air conduit and fuel is fed through a burner fuel conduit to be combusted at the burner;
- oxidant conduit through which oxidant can be fed to the burner; and (c) control means that regulates the flow of oxidant through the oxidant conduit and the flow of air through the air conduit such that the ratio of air flow to oxidant flow can be controlled; wherein the oxidant conduit and the burner fuel conduit are oriented with respect to each other so that the oxidant conduit feeds oxidant into an oxidant mixing zone in the combustion zone and the burner fuel conduit feeds fuel into a fuel reaction zone in the combustion zone which is segregated from the oxidant mixing zone.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for retrofitting an air-fired furnace, comprising
- Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a burner with which the present invention can be practiced.
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a plan view of a wall of a furnace showing the embodiment of the invention that is shown in Figure 2.
- Figure 4 is a plan view of a wall of a furnace showing another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a plan view of a wall of a furnace showing yet another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a plan view of a wall of a furnace showing another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a schematic representation of combustion in one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 8 is a schematic representation of combustion in another embodiment of the invention.
- the invention can be practiced in any furnace of conventional design, which will typically comprise an enclosure within which combustion at high temperature takes place.
- the enclosure is typically lined with material such as refractory furnace brick or the equivalent that can withstand temperatures of several thousand degrees which are generated within the furnace enclosure.
- the floor, all sides, and the roof of the furnace are all lined with such material.
- furnaces with which this invention can be practiced include steel reheating furnaces and other furnaces through which solid material is passed to be heated, as well as glass melting furnaces and other furnaces in which material fed to the furnace is to be melted or to be maintained in a molten state.
- FIG. 1 depicts one typical burner currently employed to combust fuel and air to establish the high temperature within a furnace.
- Burner 1 is located so that it opens through wall 2 of the furnace toward combustion zone 3.
- Burner 1 includes fuel passage 4 and air passages 5. Fuel is fed through fuel passage 4 into combustion zone 3 inside the furnace and combusts with the oxygen contained in air that is fed through air passages 5, thereby establishing a flame and providing heat of combustion to combustion zone 3 and throughout the interior of the furnace.
- Suitable fuels for this air-fuel combustion include gaseous hydrocarbons, such as natural gas and methane, byproduct gases produced in steel mills, such as coke oven gas and blast furnace gas, mixtures of these gaseous fuels, as well as liquid fuels such as atomized fuel oil, and solid fuels such as pulverized coal.
- gaseous hydrocarbons such as natural gas and methane
- byproduct gases produced in steel mills such as coke oven gas and blast furnace gas
- liquid fuels such as atomized fuel oil
- solid fuels such as pulverized coal.
- Apparatus indicated schematically as 13 in Figures 1 and 2, regulates the flow rate of fuel into and through fuel passage 4, and regulates whether fuel is permitted to flow into and through fuel passage 4.
- Other apparatus indicated schematically as 16 in Figures 1 and 2, regulates the flow rate of combustion air into and through air passages 5.
- the present invention can add to burners that combust fuel in an air-fuel mode of combustion the capability to selectively combust fuel in an oxy-fuel mode of combustion.
- This capability can be added by, among other things, providing a way to feed oxidant having a higher oxygen content than the oxygen content of air into combustion zone 3.
- the oxygen has an oxygen concentration of at least 25 vol.%, and more preferably at least 90 vol.%.
- Figure 2 depicts oxidant lance 14 that has been situated in an air passage 5.
- Oxidant lance 14 is fed by suitable apparatus, indicated schematically as 15 in Figure 2, which supplies the oxidant and can controllably regulate the flow rate of oxidant into and through lance 14 and can also controllably regulate whether or not oxidant is even permitted to flow into and through oxidant lance 14.
- the present invention can be operated so that in the oxy-fuel combustion mode the fuel that is combusted is the same as the fuel that is combusted in the air- fuel combustion mode.
- the fuel can be supplied through fuel passage 4.
- the fuel for oxy-fuel combustion is fed through a second fuel conduit.
- fuel lance 11 is situated within fuel passage 4 so that thejorif ⁇ ce of lance 11 is sufficiently close to the opening of fuel passage 4 that a flame formed upon combustion of fuel that is fed from the end of fuel lance 11 is well supported and extends into combustion zone 3.
- Fuel is fed into fuel lance 11 from a source, indicated schematically as 12 in Figure 2, which also controls the flow rate of fuel into and through fuel lance 11 and controls whether or not fuel can flow into and through fuel lance 11 as well as the ratio of fuel flow through fuel lance 11 and through fuel passage 4..
- a source indicated schematically as 12 in Figure 2
- the relative momentum of the fuel flow and the oxidant flow needs to be managed.
- the second fuel conduit will be required that is capable of feeding the fuel into the combustion zone 3 at the requisite higher velocity. IfNOx formation from combustion in the furnace is not an issue, then the existing fuel conduit can be employed with the oxidant conduit described herein. IfNOx formation is an issue, then the second fuel conduit could be integrated into the air- fuel burner through its fuel conduit if it is suitably sized, or through a hole leading into the combustion air conduit, or outside the burner through a hole in the wall of the furnace as shown in Figure 5.
- Figure 3 is a view of the front of the burner depicted in Figure 2 seen from inside the furnace enclosure. There it can be seen that fuel lance 11 is located within fuel passage 4, and oxidant lance 14 is located within air passage 5.
- Figure 4 depicts one such alternative embodiment, wherein the burner and the fuel lance 11 serving as the second fuel conduit are as described with respect to Figures 2 and 3, but the oxidant is supplied through lance 14 which discharges oxidant into combustion zone 3 within the furnace from a point adjacent to the burner but outside the burner (meaning not within the space bounded by the external surface of the burner where it opens toward combustion zone 3.
- Figure 5 depicts another alternative embodiment, wherein the oxidant is supplied to the combustion zone through lance 14 which is located in air conduit 5, and fuel lance 11 serving as the second fuel conduit discharges fuel into combustion zone 3 within the furnace from a point adjacent to the burner but outside the burner.
- Figure 6 depicts another alternative embodiment, wherein both the oxidant lance 14 and the lance 11 serving as the second fuel conduit are located in air conduit 5.
- the lance or other apparatus by which fuel is to be fed into combustion zone 3 in the oxy-fuel mode of operation, and the lance or other device through which oxidant is fed in to combustion zone 3 or the oxy-fuel mode of operation, must be oriented with respect to each other so that the oxidant mixing zone, into which the oxidant is fed as described hereinbelow, and the fuel reaction zone, into which the fuel is to be fed, are segregated (i.e., physically distinct from each other) within combustion zone 3.
- the feeding of the oxygen and fuel, and the operation of the burner when it is in the oxy-fuel mode of operation should be carried out in accordance with the description contained in U.S. Patent No. 5,076,779, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
- the oxidant is injected into combustion zone 3 with velocity sufficient to entrain or mix furnace gases that are in combustion zone 3 with the injected oxidant.
- the furnace gases comprise ambient gases which infiltrate into the combustion zone, and gases from the oxidant mixture and fuel reaction mixture.
- the velocity of the oxidant will be at least 200 feet per second and preferably is within the range of 250 to sonic velocity (1,070 feet per second at 70 0 F).
- the velocity of the oxidant is such that sufficient furnace gases mix with the injected oxidant to dilute the oxygen concentration of the injected oxidant so that an oxidant mixture is produced within the oxidant mixing zone having an oxygen concentration of not more than 10 vol.% and preferably not more than 5 vol.%.
- the furnace gases mix with or are entrained into the oxidant due to the turbulence or the aspiration effect caused by the high velocity of the oxidant stream being fed into the oxidant mixing zone.
- the resulting oxidant mixture containing a significantly lower concentration of oxygen than was present in the injected oxidant, flows out from the oxidant mixing zone and serves to form part of the atmosphere within combustion zone 3. That is, the oxidant mixture provides additional furnace gases to combustion zone 3.
- furnace gases from the atmosphere within combustion zone 3 flow into and mix with the fuel stream due to the turbulence caused by the fuel stream injection, and the oxygen within the furnace gases combusts with the fuel in the fuel reaction zone.
- a small amount of fuel may react with the air supplied via air conduit 5 in a combustion zone of the furnace prior to the main combustion zone 3.
- the temperature within the combustion zone 3 should exceed 1400° F as temperatures below 1400 0 F can result in flame instabilities.
- the fuel reacts with oxygen molecules in the furnace gases spontaneously, as the temperature of the furnace gas is above the auto-ignition temperature of the fuel and oxygen.
- the flame temperature is kept relatively low due to the presence of large amounts of non-reacting molecules such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and molecular nitrogen in the fuel reaction zone.
- the combustion under these conditions in the fuel reaction zone produces heat of combustion and combustion reaction products such as carbon dioxide and water vapor but produces very little nitrogen oxides.
- the actual amount of nitrogen oxides produced varies with each particular situation and will depend on factors such as the furnace gas temperature, nitrogen concentration in the combustion zone and the residence time.
- the resulting fuel mixture including the combustion reaction products flows out of the fuel reaction mixture and serves to form part of the atmosphere within combustion zone 3 thus providing additional furnace gases to the combustion zone.
- the fuel undergoes substantially complete combustion so that there is no significant amount of uncombusted or incompletely combusted fuel in the combustion zone outside of the fuel reaction zone. It is important in the practice of the oxy-fuel combustion mode of this invention that the oxidant mixing zone and the fuel reaction zone are maintained separate from each other (or “segregated") within combustion zone 3. In this way, combustion is restricted primarily to the fuel reaction zone and under conditions which dampen formation of nitrogen oxides ("NOx").
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- the oxidant mixing zone and the fuel reaction zone can be maintained segregated as desired, by positioning the injection points (that is, the ends of lances 11 and 14, for example) and orienting the injection directions, of the fuel and oxidant so as to avoid integration and overlap thereof prior to the requisite dilution of the oxidant within the oxidant mixing zone and the requisite substantially complete combustion of the fuel within the fuel reaction zone.
- the fuel and the oxidant are fed into the combustion zone 3 in a manner to achieve sufficient mixing within combustion zone 3 so that the combustion zone atmosphere outside of the oxidant mixing zone and of the fuel reaction zone is substantially homogeneous.
- the fuel and the oxidant are injected into combustion zone 3 in a manner to promote a recirculating pattern of furnace gases within combustion zone 3.
- This recirculating pattern contributes to improved temperature distribution and gas homogeneity within the combustion zone 3 and improves the mixing within the oxidant mixing zone and within the fuel reaction zone, resulting in smoother combustion and retarding formation of NOx.
- the composition of the flue gas taken out of the combustion zone is substantially the same as the composition of the atmosphere at points within combustion zone 3 outside of the oxidant mixing zone and fuel reaction zone.
- This recirculation pattern also promotes the entrainment of the furnace gases downstream of the fuel reaction zone into the oxidant stream and the entrainment of the furnace gases downstream of the oxidant mixing zone into the fuel stream.
- the ratio of the fuel stream momentum flux to the oxidant stream momentum flux should be within 1 :5 to 5: 1 when injected from relatively close proximity, such as in the embodiments depicted in Figures 3-6.
- Figures 7 and 8 illustrate two embodiments of the oxy-fuel mode of combustion that can be practiced.
- the letter “O” designates an oxidant mixing zone and the letter “F” designates the fuel mixing zone.
- the arrows pointed toward oxidant mixing zone “O” depict furnace gases being drawn toward and into the oxidant mixing zone, and the arrows pointed toward fuel reaction zone “F” depict furnace gases flowing towa ⁇ d and into the fuel reaction zone.
- the adaptation of an air-fuel burner into a burner which is capable of selectively carrying out air-fuel combustion and oxy-fuel combustion is aided by providing suitable controls so that the operator can controllably switch between an air-fuel combustion mode and an oxy-fuel combustion mode at the same burner.
- the controls also permit regulation of the flow rates of the combustion air, and the flow rate of oxidant, through their respective conduits.
- the control mechanism can comprise simply a regulating valve controlling the flow of oxidant to combustion zone 3, and a regulating valve controlling the flow of air to the air passages of the burner. In most embodiments, one will desire to shut off one such flow completely when the other such flow is to be turned on.
- Commercially available oxygen supply equipment typically has double block valves (for safety), flow measurement devices, pressure switches and other instrumentation with which this level of control can be facilitated.
- the oxy-fuel mode usually requires a higher velocity fuel flow rate. Accordingly, the fuel supplied from the fuel delivery and metering system that is in place for supplying fuel to the fuel conduit for feeding fuel to the air-fuel burner for air-fuel combustion (e.g. typically, low velocity fuel supply) is switched to the second fuel conduit that is used for feeding fuel for oxy-fuel combustion (i.e. to the burner, or to a conduit 11 5 . or to a separate opening 11 as shown for instance in Figure 5) This provides the benefit that the existing fuel supply and metering system is maintained and simply switched between conduits.
- the fuel supplied from the fuel delivery and metering system that is in place for supplying fuel to the fuel conduit for feeding fuel to the air-fuel burner for air-fuel combustion (e.g. typically, low velocity fuel supply) is switched to the second fuel conduit that is used for feeding fuel for oxy-fuel combustion (i.e. to the burner, or to a conduit 11 5 . or to a separate opening 11 as shown for instance in Figure 5)
- the controls preferably permit a base flow of air through the air conduit, even in the oxy-fuel combustion mode wherein oxidant is being fed and combusted.
- the controls give the operator the ability to gradually, controllably increase the ratio of the oxidant flow rate to the air flow rate until the desired combustion conditions are established.
- the resultant apparatus and its capability provide several significant advantages to the operator.
- One such advantage is that energy efficiency can be improved. That is, fuel consumed for a given amount of furnace output is improved, and the fuel costs can be reduced even taking into account the cost of the oxygen in the oxidant that is consumed.
- Another advantage is that productivity, in the sense of the amount of furnace output (such as the amount of steel that is reheated) in a given unit of time), is improved.
- this improvement can be attributed to the fact that combustion with oxidant having an elevated oxygen content relative to air can overcome the furnace's limitations in the amount of combustion air that it could be fed in the air-fuel combustion mode, and/or to the reduction in the volume of flue gas that must be discharged through the flue (since this flue gas will contain less nitrogen than flue gas generated in air-fuel combustion).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/395,141 US20070231761A1 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2006-04-03 | Integration of oxy-fuel and air-fuel combustion |
PCT/US2007/007801 WO2007126980A2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2007-03-28 | Integration of oxy-fuel and air-fuel combustion |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2002180A2 true EP2002180A2 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
Family
ID=38559527
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07754335A Withdrawn EP2002180A2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2007-03-28 | Integration of oxy-fuel and air-fuel combustion |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20070231761A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP2002180A2 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2009532661A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20090005352A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN101415993A (ko) |
BR (1) | BRPI0709901A2 (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2648081A1 (ko) |
MX (1) | MX2008012823A (ko) |
NO (1) | NO20084165L (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2007126980A2 (ko) |
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EP1889816A1 (en) * | 2006-08-15 | 2008-02-20 | Rockwool International A/S | Process and apparatus for making mineral fibres |
DE102006060869A1 (de) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-26 | Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh | Verfahren zur Regelung des Betriebes eines Drehofenbrenners |
FR2915989B1 (fr) * | 2007-05-10 | 2011-05-20 | Saint Gobain Emballage | Injecteur mixte a bas nox |
US9651253B2 (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2017-05-16 | Doosan Power Systems Americas, Llc | Combustion apparatus |
FR2927327B1 (fr) * | 2008-02-08 | 2010-11-19 | Saint Gobain | Four verrier bas nox a haut transfert de chaleur |
CN101960219B (zh) * | 2008-03-06 | 2013-01-02 | 株式会社Ihi | 氧燃烧锅炉的煤粉燃烧器 |
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SE533967C2 (sv) | 2009-03-20 | 2011-03-15 | Aga Ab | Förfarande för att homogenisera värmefördelningen samt minska mängden NOx vid förbränning |
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DE102014103812A1 (de) | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-24 | Webasto SE | Verdampferbrenner für ein mobiles, mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenes Heizgerät |
DE102014103815B4 (de) | 2014-03-20 | 2018-07-19 | Webasto SE | Verdampferbrenner |
DE102014103817B4 (de) * | 2014-03-20 | 2018-07-19 | Webasto SE | Verdampferbrenner für ein mobiles, mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenes Heizgerät |
DE102014103813A1 (de) | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-24 | Webasto SE | Verdampferbrenneranordnung für ein mobiles, mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenes Heizgerät |
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WO2007126980A2 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
US20070231761A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
KR20090005352A (ko) | 2009-01-13 |
BRPI0709901A2 (pt) | 2011-07-26 |
CA2648081A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
NO20084165L (no) | 2008-12-23 |
US20090061366A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
JP2009532661A (ja) | 2009-09-10 |
CN101415993A (zh) | 2009-04-22 |
WO2007126980A3 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
MX2008012823A (es) | 2008-11-14 |
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