Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
  • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
  • B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
  • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
  • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
  • B01D53/1462—Removing mixtures of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
  • B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
  • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
  • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for contacting two phases which are not completely miscible with one another, the contact of which is accompanied by a heat development due to a mass transfer and / or a chemical reaction.
• the invention relates to a method for removing acidic gases from a fluid stream.
• fluid flows occur, which are acid gases, e.g. CO2, H2S, SO2, CS2, HCN, COS or mercaptans as impurities.
• These fluid streams may be, for example, gas streams such as natural gas, synthesis gas from heavy oil or heavy residues, refinery gas or partial oxidation of organic materials such as coal or petroleum, reaction gases formed, or liquid or liquefied hydrocarbon streams such as LPG (liquified petroleum gas) or NGL (natural gas liquids).
• LPG liquid petroleum gas
• NGL natural gas liquids
• sulfur compounds from these fluid streams is desirable for a variety of reasons.
• the content of sulfur compounds of natural gas must be reduced by suitable treatment measures directly at the natural gas source, because the sulfur compounds form with the water often entrained by natural gas acids that have a corrosive effect.
• predetermined limits of the sulfur-containing impurities must be complied with.
• many sulfur compounds are malodorous or toxic even at low concentrations.
• the reaction gases resulting from the oxidation of organic materials must be removed to reduce the emission of gases that can damage nature or affect the climate.
• washes are often used with aqueous solutions of organic or inorganic bases.
• acid gases When acid gases are dissolved in the absorbent, ions form with the bases.
• the absorbent may be regenerated by depressurization to a lower pressure or stripping whereby the ionic species react back to sour gases and / or are stripped by steam. After the regeneration process, the absorbent can be reused.
• the reaction between the sour gases and the absorbent is exothermic.
• the resulting heat is partly absorbed by the fluid flow.
• the fluid stream may exit the absorber at a temperature that is above the temperature of the regenerated absorbent. Since many uses of the treated fluid flow contain restrictions on the maximum permissible temperature, the fluid flow must additionally be cooled. In addition, the higher the temperature at which he exits the absorber, the more water or absorbent vapors the treated fluid stream will carry. In many cases, one must provide a downstream dewatering unit of sufficient capacity. In addition, the energy dissipated with the hot treated fluid stream is lost to the overall process and must be reapplied in the regeneration step. In this way, the specific energy requirement of the process increases.
• WO 2004/073838 discloses a process for removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream by means of an absorbent in which the absorbent is cooled during absorption by transferring heat to a receiving medium.
• a receiving medium is used for.
• This method has the disadvantage that the installation of additional heat exchanger represents a significant investment.
• the invention has for its object to provide a method for contacting two phases, the contact of which is accompanied by heat generation due to a mass transfer and / or a chemical reaction in which the temperature of the emerging from the Kunststoffor treated first phase can be limited and with can be implemented low equipment costs.
• the invention In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a process for removing acidic gases from a fluid stream which, in addition to the stated advantages, has a low specific energy consumption.
• the object is achieved by a method for contacting two phases which are not completely miscible with one another, the contact of which is accompanied by heat evolution due to a mass transfer and / or a chemical reaction in which a first phase is introduced into the lower region of a contactor and a second phase is introduced into the upper region of the contactor and leads to the first phase in the contactor to obtain a treated first phase and a depleted second phase, characterized in that a portion of the depleted second phase is at least one between the upper region and the lower one Area located in the contactor leads back.
• the first phase is preferably gaseous or liquid; the second phase is preferably liquid.
• the first and second phases may be, for example, a wet gas to be dried and a polyglycol ether, a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons to be purified from sulfur compounds and an amine solution, a gas to be purified of SO 2 / NO x , and a solution of inorganic bases or an HCl Gas stream and an aqueous solution act.
• Suitable contactor is any suitable apparatus in which the two phases can be brought into contact with each other in countercurrent. In most cases, these are columns which contain suitable components, such as trays or packings, to improve the mass and heat exchange.
• the treated first phase is withdrawn at the head of the contactor, the exhausted second phase at the bottom of the contactor.
• Preferred fields of application of the invention are processes in which, without feedback at the contact head, a temperature difference between the exiting treated first phase and the supplied second phase is more than 2 ° C., in particular more than 5 ° C., most preferably more than 10 ° C occurs.
• the first phase is an acid gas such as CO2, H2S, SO2, CS2, HCN, COS and / or mercaptans, in particular CO2, containing fluid stream and in the second phase to an absorbent, the an aqueous solution of at least one organic and / or inorganic base.
• an acid gas such as CO2, H2S, SO2, CS2, HCN, COS and / or mercaptans, in particular CO2, containing fluid stream and in the second phase to an absorbent, the an aqueous solution of at least one organic and / or inorganic base.
• One embodiment therefore relates to a process for removing acidic gases from a fluid stream, wherein the fluid stream is introduced into the lower region of an absorber and a regenerated absorbent comprising an aqueous solution of at least one amine is introduced into the upper region of the absorber and the fluid stream in the absorber, thereby obtaining a fluid stream freed from acid gases and an absorbent laden with acid gases, characterized in that a part of the loaded absorbent is returned to the absorber at at least one point located between the upper region and the lower region.
• part of the exhausted second phase is returned to the contactor at at least one point located between the upper region and the lower region.
• the recycled exhausted second phase may be introduced at one or more locations in the contactor.
• the recirculated laden absorbent comes into direct contact with the first phase to be treated and mixes with the partly depleted second phase running down in the contactor.
• the ratio of the mass flow of the recycled exhausted second phase (eg, the loaded absorbent) to the mass flow of the upper phase introduced second phase (eg, the regenerated absorbent) is generally from 0.1 to 3.0, preferably 0, 25 to 2.0, in particular 0.5 to 1.5. At a lower recirculated amount, the advantages of the invention are not fully realized. The return of larger quantities leads to an oversized hydraulic load on the contactor and brings no further advantages.
• the recirculated exhausted second phase (eg the loaded absorbent) is added, for example, to a bottom of a tray column or, via a distributor tray, to the underlying packing of a packed column.
• the addition site for at least the major amount is selected so that the height difference between the addition site of the recycled exhausted second phase and the introduction site of the first phase is 20 to 80%, especially 30 to 70%. most preferably 40 to 60%, which is the height difference between the second phase addition site (eg, the regenerated absorbent) and the first phase introduction site.
• the recirculated laden absorbent is introduced at a location closer to the head of the absorber, it is possible that a "breakthrough" of acid gases and an increase in sour gas concentration in the treated fluid stream leaving the absorber may be observed. Is the recycled loaded absorbent on a Introduced closer to the bottom of the absorber, the advantages of the invention are not fully set.
• all or a portion of the recirculated exhausted second phase is cooled prior to introduction into the contactor.
• the inventive recycling of exhausted second phase in those cases in which the heat capacity of the first phase and the heat capacity of the second phase are comparable.
• the heat capacity depends on the respective mass flow and the respective specific heat capacity. In preferred embodiments, therefore, the mass flow of the treated first phase m (1 '), the specific heat capacity of the treated first phase CpCT), the mass flow of the second phase m (2) and the specific heat capacity of the second phase Cp (2) satisfy the equation :
• the process according to the invention is described in more detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment in which the first phase is a sour gas-containing fluid stream and the second phase is an absorbent comprising an aqueous solution of at least one organic and / or inorganic base contains.
• the invention is not limited to such a method.
• the recirculated laden absorbent preferably has a temperature of 0 to 80 ° C, especially 20 to 60 ° C.
• the recirculated laden absorbent is cooled prior to introduction into the absorber.
• conventional heat exchangers are suitable, which are operated with a suitable cooling medium.
• the regenerated absorbent entering the top of the absorber preferably has a temperature of 20 to 110 ° C, especially 30 to 60 ° C.
• the bottom temperature in the absorber is generally about 20 to 120 ° C, preferably about 20 to 80 ° C, particularly preferably 20 to 60 ° C.
• the total pressure (absolute) in the absorber is generally about 1 to 150 bar, preferably about 1 to 100 bar, particularly preferably 1 to 85 bar.
• Suitable absorber columns are, for example, packed columns, packed columns and tray columns. In tray columns sieve, bell or valve trays are installed, over which the liquid flows. Through special slots or holes of the steam is passed, so that a bubble layer is formed. On each of these floors, a new equilibrium is established. Packed columns can be filled with different moldings. Heat and mass transfer are improved by the enlargement of the surface due to the usually about 25 to 80 mm large moldings.
• Raschig ring a hollow cylinder
• Pall ring Hiflow ring
• Intoxox saddle and the like.
• the packing can be ordered, but also random (as a bed) are introduced into the column. Possible materials are glass, ceramics, metal and plastics.
• Structured packings are a further development of the ordered packing. They have a regularly shaped structure. This makes it possible for packings to reduce pressure losses in the gas flow.
• the non-recirculated partial flow of the laden absorbent is regenerated in the usual way by relaxation, heating and / or stripping.
• the loaded absorbent is conveniently passed into a regeneration column.
• the regeneration column may likewise be a packed, packed or tray column.
• the regeneration column has a heater at the bottom, z. B. a forced circulation evaporator with circulation pump. At the top, the regeneration column has an outlet for the liberated acid gases. Entrained absorbent vapors are condensed in a condenser and returned to the column.
• the loaded absorbent is partially regenerated by relaxation and stripping and / or thermally regenerated by direct or indirect heating.
• the pressure (absolute) at the top of the regeneration column is generally about 0.5 to 5 bar, preferably about 1 to 3 bar.
• the process according to the invention can also be carried out as a process with two-stage absorption and two-stage regeneration of the absorbent. This one proceeds in such a way that one
• the second absorption zone is arranged above the first absorption zone in an absorber.
• the fluid stream ascending from the first absorption zone enters the second absorption zone and the purified fluid stream is withdrawn at the top of the absorber.
• the laden from the second absorption zone laden absorbent enters the first absorption zone and is withdrawn together with the loaded absorbent at the bottom of the absorber.
• the recycling of the loaded absorbent according to the invention takes place in the case of the two-stage absorption preferably in the central region of the first or second absorption zone, for. B. at a level of 20 to 80%, preferably 30 to 70% of the total height of the respective absorption zone.
• the fluid stream which is treated by the process according to the invention is, for example, synthesis gas, in particular synthesis gas for ammonia production. Alternatively, it may be natural gas, refinery gas or gas streams in chemical or metallurgical processes.
• the fluid stream is preferably gaseous.
• the absorbents used are aqueous solutions of organic and / or inorganic bases, such as amines, potash or metal salts of amino acids and Mixtures of said components and mixtures thereof with phosphoric acid or physical solvents.
• Suitable amines are, for. Monoethanolamine (MEA), methylaminopropylamine (MAPA), piperazine, diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), diethylethanolamine (DEEA), diisopropylamine (DIPA), aminoethoxyethanol (AEE), dimethylaminopropanol (DIMAP) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), methyl diisopropanolamine (MDIPA), 2-amino-1-butanol (2-AB) or mixtures thereof.
• the Automatamingehalt is z. B. 10 to 70 wt .-%, in particular 30 to 60 wt .-%.
• Suitable metal salts of amino acids are, for. Potassium N, N-dimethylglycinate, potassium bis-N-methylalaninate or potassium 2-aminoethanesulfonate
• Suitable physical solvents are sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers.
• Preferred absorbents include at least one alkanolamine having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred absorbents comprise at least one tertiary alkanolamine and preferably an activator in the form of a primary or secondary amine. Preferred activators are saturated, 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic compounds having at least one NH group and optionally a further heteroatom in the ring selected from an oxygen and a nitrogen atom. Suitable activators are piperazine, 1-methylpiperazine, 2-methylpiperazine, 1-aminoethylpiperazine, morpholine, piperidine. Other preferred activators are selected from methylaminopropylamine, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and aminoethoxyethanol.
• AMP 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
• the absorption agent described in US Pat. No. 4,336,233 has also proven to be particularly suitable. It is an aqueous solution of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and piperazine as absorption accelerator or activator (aMDEA®, BASF AG, Ludwigshafen).
• MDEA methyldiethanolamine
• aMDEA® piperazine as absorption accelerator or activator
• the scrubbing liquid described therein contains from 1.5 to 4.5 mol / l of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and from 0.05 to 0.8 mol / l, preferably up to 0.4 mol / l of piperazine.
• Another suitable absorbent comprises an aqueous solution of methyldiethanolamine and methylaminopropylamine.
• Another suitable absorbent comprises an aqueous solution of methyldiethanolamine and aminoethoxyethanol.
• Another suitable absorbent comprises an aqueous solution of methyldiethanolamine and 2-amino-1-butanol.
• Another suitable absorbent comprises an aqueous solution of potassium N, N-dimethylglycinate.
• Another suitable absorbent comprises an aqueous solution of potassium N-methylalaninate.
• Figure 1 shows schematically the structure of an absorber A for carrying out the method according to the invention.
• the absorber A comprises packing or separating trays in order to effect the mass and heat exchange.
• the fluid stream to be treated is fed into the absorber A and fed to the regenerated absorbent which is introduced via the line 3.
• the fluid stream freed from oxygen leaves the absorber A via the line 2.
• a portion of the loaded absorbent withdrawn at the bottom of the absorber A is returned to the absorber A via the optional cooler 6 and the return line 5.
• the return to the absorber can take place at several points, as indicated by the optional lines 5a, 5b.
• the other part of the loaded absorbent leaves the absorber A via the line 4 and is the regeneration (not shown) supplied.
• phase equilibria were determined for the activated MDEA solutions with the Pitzer model (KS Pitzer, Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions 2nd ed., CRC-Press, 1991, Chapter 3, Ion Interaction Approach: Theory, the parameters were at phase equilibrium measurements in the system CO 2 / H2 ⁇ / MDEA / piperazine adjusted).
• Examples 1 and 2 show that the following advantages can be achieved with the invention: a lower CO 2 content in the purified gas can be achieved.
• the absorber shorter or use less absorbent.
• the temperature of the purified gas is lower (smaller temperature difference (2) - (1)), thereby requiring a lower downstream gas cooling capacity. This is particularly important in LNG applications, where the gas is liquefied after CO 2 removal.
• the loaded absorbent accumulates at a higher temperature, which leaves more heat in the process. During regeneration, correspondingly less energy must be supplied, ie the energy efficiency of the process increases.
• the maximum temperature in the column is lower, which reduces the effective gas volume flow. This can reduce the diameter of the column.
• Example 3 Flue gas scrubbing
• phase equilibria for flue gas scrubbing with monoethanolamine were measured with the Elektolyt NRTL model (B. Mock, LB Evans, and CC, Chen, "Phase Equilibria in Multiple-Solvent Electrolyte Systems: A New Thermodynamic Model," Paper presented at the Boston Summer Computer Simulation Conference, July 1984.).
• the parameters of the model are taken from the following publication: D.M. Austgen, GT. Rochelle, X. Peng, and CC. Chen, "A Model of Vapor-Liquid Equilibria in the Aqueous Acid Gas Alkanolamine System Using the Electrolyte NRTL Equation," Paper presented at the New Orleans AICHE Meeting, March 1988.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
• Indole Compounds (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-03-16 AU AU2007226476A patent/AU2007226476B2/en active Active
  • 2007-03-16 EP EP07726988.4A patent/EP1998870B2/fr active Active
  • 2007-03-16 CA CA2643667A patent/CA2643667C/fr active Active
  • 2007-03-16 JP JP2008558831A patent/JP2009530073A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-03-16 WO PCT/EP2007/052509 patent/WO2007104800A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2007-03-16 AT AT07726988T patent/ATE547163T1/de active
  • 2007-03-16 US US12/293,209 patent/US9278306B2/en active Active
• 2008
  • 2008-09-01 NO NO20083757A patent/NO20083757L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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