EP1998403A1 - Hohlleiter-antenne eingebettet in ein schienenfahrzeug - Google Patents

Hohlleiter-antenne eingebettet in ein schienenfahrzeug Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1998403A1
EP1998403A1 EP08104087A EP08104087A EP1998403A1 EP 1998403 A1 EP1998403 A1 EP 1998403A1 EP 08104087 A EP08104087 A EP 08104087A EP 08104087 A EP08104087 A EP 08104087A EP 1998403 A1 EP1998403 A1 EP 1998403A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
antenna
vehicle
communication device
slots
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08104087A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1998403B1 (de
Inventor
Marc Heddebaut
Denis Duhot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Transport SA
Institut Francais des Sciences et Technologirs des Transports de lAmenagement et des Reseaux
Original Assignee
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE SUR LES TRANSPORTSET LEUR SECURITE (INRETS)
Alstom Transport SA
Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Securite INRETS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE SUR LES TRANSPORTSET LEUR SECURITE (INRETS), Alstom Transport SA, Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Securite INRETS filed Critical INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE SUR LES TRANSPORTSET LEUR SECURITE (INRETS)
Publication of EP1998403A1 publication Critical patent/EP1998403A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1998403B1 publication Critical patent/EP1998403B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3225—Cooperation with the rails or the road
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/22—Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a waveguide directional transmission / reception device in general, and more particularly to a bidirectional and symmetrical waveguide antenna.
  • a transmitting / receiving antenna having a bi-directional radiation pattern makes it possible to communicate with transmitters / receivers in two preferred directions of space.
  • Such an antenna finds its application for example along a road transport axis, railway, etc.
  • the radio coverage is ensured by a network of transmitters disposed on the ground from time to time and raised by the use of pylons. A mobile moves between these transmitters on the ground.
  • this mobile During its movement along the transport axis, this mobile is in communication with the transmitter which is immediately upstream. By moving away from this upstream transmitter, the signal received from this transmitter gradually decreases until it becomes unusable. However, simultaneously, the signal received from the downstream transmitter increases since its distance to the mobile decreases. A transfer of communication must be established so that the mobile transfers its communication, become inoperative, from the downstream transmitter to the upstream transmitter. This step is called a "handover" in a cellular communication network.
  • the receiver In order to ensure this communication with the upstream station and at the same time this monitoring of the reception level of the signal emitted by the downstream transmitter, the receiver must use two antennas pointing respectively towards the front and the rear pointing above the antenna. horizon towards antennas on pylons.
  • the fixed communication device is disposed on the ground or in a tunnel vault along this path.
  • the fixed communication device may be omnidirectional, that is, which radiates or receives an electromagnetic signal in all directions of space.
  • the communication device may also be directional, i.e., the signals have a high gain in one direction of space: the radiation pattern shows a given main lobe.
  • a directional antenna having the same radiation pattern greatly optimizes communication with the latter device.
  • the ground communication device In “open" propagation medium, the ground communication device will for example consist of directional transmitters / receivers. In the “closed" propagation medium, for example in a metropolitan network, the ground communication device will for example be a waveguide.
  • a ground waveguide device must operate at very high frequencies, higher than gigahertz (GHz), in order to lead to a mechanical construction of space compatible with its use at the track.
  • GHz gigahertz
  • the use of these microwaves makes it possible to ensure all the envisaged ground-train communications.
  • These high frequencies correspond to wavelengths in the air of the order of 5 to 20 cm (1.5 GHz to 6 GHz and beyond).
  • the waveguide at the track is often far in terms of number of wavelengths of this antenna embedded on the train. This leads to far-field electromagnetic radiation for which radiation patterns can be calculated theoretically and measured experimentally.
  • the transmit / receive antenna must be able to communicate with the communication device at the lane in both directions.
  • a coupling between transmission lines favorably oriented relative to each other is clearly more important than coupling in opposite orientation. To receive a maximum signal and according to the orientation of the train relative to the track, it is therefore necessary to reverse by a manual switch the relative terminal positions of the generator / receiver and loads on the radiating cable embedded on the train.
  • a disadvantage of this device is the length of the propagation lines necessary for this type of coupling, ie a train antenna a few meters long. Another disadvantage is the need to switch the orientation of the transmission lines according to the direction of traffic of the vehicles to increase the coupling and improve the communication between the vehicle and the device to the track.
  • the device of the present invention relates to a receiving antenna and / or directional transmission on board a vehicle that can communicate reliably and stably with a fixed directional communication device disposed to the track, this antenna being simple design, compact and independent of the direction of traffic of the vehicle.
  • the reception and / or transmission antenna mounted on a vehicle traveling along at least one path and communicating with a fixed communication device arranged along at least one pathway by means of of microwave signals of given wavelength consists of a waveguide of rectangular cross section, a large face of which is pierced with rectangular slots, the large dimension of which is less than half the wavelength of said microwave signal, and in that the spacing between the center of two successive slits is close to half a wavelength of the microwave signal propagated in the waveguide.
  • each slot of the antenna radiates a signal having two main lobes in two directions symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the plane of this slot.
  • the waveguide is easy to manufacture, simple to use and reliable, and the dual directivity makes it possible to overcome the direction of traffic of the vehicle without special intervention.
  • the propagation environment of the ground-train communication being characterized by intense reflections on the various surrounding obstacles (trains, walls, etc.), a directional antenna, focusing its radiation towards the waveguide at the track, limits the the impact of these multiple reflections on the quality of the link and thus makes it possible to increase the distance "antenna embedded on the train waveguide to the track" exploitable in practice.
  • the amplitude of the signals is remarkably constant and does not require any particular "smoothing" of the signals.
  • a particular focus, symmetrical in two particular orientations of the space, and only in these directions corresponding to the maximum radiation of the waveguide to the track is particularly favorable in order to optimize the ground-train transmission balances.
  • the figure 1 is a schematic view of the communication device of a railway network, for example a metropolitan line.
  • a directional communication device 1 allowing the control station of the line to communicate with the vehicles A, B traveling on the tracks 2, 3 (and vice versa, allowing the vehicle to communicate with the control station) is arranged for example between the two channels 2, 3.
  • This information can be for example automatic control information of vehicles, information concerning the signaling of the line or video or audio information from the vehicle to the control station. They are contained in microwave signals symbolized by the full arrows S1 and S2.
  • the directional communication device may be disposed on each side of the track.
  • the microwave signals are injected into the communication device 1, consisting of at least one waveguide.
  • the waveguide is in the form of a hollow tube of rectangular section with four faces. It is arranged on the ground or tunnel vault on a non-emissive side.
  • Each waveguide has two vertical and opposite emitting faces 1a and 1b, each face being pierced with a network of slots perpendicular to the axis of the guide, arranged on the large faces of the guide, the large dimension of which is much greater. small as the wavelength of the signals propagating in the waveguide. This characteristic makes it possible to take at each slot only a very small part of the energy of the propagated signal. Consequently, since the signal is only slightly attenuated by the emissions towards the outside of the guide through the slots, the waveguide at the track can have a length of several hundred meters.
  • the communication device is bi-directional in the sense that the slots of the two faces can also receive the microwave signals from the antennas 4 mounted on board vehicles A, B.
  • the figure 2 shows the radiation pattern measured in azimuth of the waveguide 1 of the communication device, placed on the ground on a small non-emissive face.
  • the double grating waveguide 1 has a far-field directional radiation pattern which has two main lobes L 1 and L 2 symmetrical about the axis of the guide (0 ° axis). The orientation of each lobe is at an angle alpha with the waveguide axis of about 30 °.
  • the transmitting / receiving antenna on board the vehicle must, in order to communicate with such a waveguide, also be directional. It must thus have a radiation pattern having a directivity allowing the best possible transfer of energy between the waveguide to the track and this antenna.
  • the radiation pattern of the antenna must have at least one main lobe of radiation whose orientation is identical to that of one of the main lobes of the waveguide radiation pattern.
  • the antenna on the vehicle must also have a starting angle of 30 ° in order to to receive and transmit signals efficiently in this privileged direction of space.
  • each emitting slot must radiate symmetrically with respect to a plane passing in its center and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the guide.
  • each slot must have a lobe whose orientation is at 30 ° and a lobe whose orientation is at 150 ° (180 ° minus 30 °).
  • An antenna comprising these two characteristics is the transmitting and / or receiving antenna 4 according to the invention represented by the figure 3 .
  • It consists of a waveguide of rectangular section, one of the large faces of length b is pierced by seven slots 5, arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the guide.
  • the waveguide is closed at one end by a 50 ohm coaxial impedance load 7, and its other end is connected via a coaxial link 6 to a receiver (not shown).
  • the large dimension D of the slots 5 is close to the half-wavelength of the microwave signal propagated in the waveguide but lower, so as not to take too much energy from the signal that propagates in the guide.
  • the distance E separating the center from two successive slots 5 is close to half a wavelength of the signal propagated in the guide.
  • ⁇ g the wavelength of the signal propagated in this guide
  • ⁇ c the cutoff wavelength of the waveguide (above which the waveguide no longer propagates energy)
  • the cut-off wavelength ⁇ c is equal to twice the large internal transverse dimension of the guide.
  • ⁇ vs 20 cm still a low cutoff frequency of 1.5 GHz.
  • no signal propagates in the guide one obtains with the preceding formula that ⁇ g tends towards infinity.
  • the signals begin to propagate in the guide with low attenuation.
  • the wavelength ⁇ g of the signals propagated in the guide calculated from the above formula, will be 22.6 cm.
  • the energy communicated at this end propagates from one slot to another with a phase shift proportional to this guided wavelength ⁇ g .
  • Part of this energy is radiated outside the guide and is propagated this time in the air with a wavelength ⁇ .
  • the combination of the radiation in the air of these slots fed and out of phase by the propagation of the signals in the metal waveguide provides a radiation pattern having the required radiation departure angle, the phase shift of half a length of guided wave ⁇ boy Wut 2 provides the necessary double lobe of radiation and having identical starting angles for 0 ° and 180 ° orientations. This phase shift is physically achieved by a spacing E between two successive slots 5 adjacent to the guided half-wavelength.
  • the radiated electric field has a main component oriented along the longitudinal axis of the antenna or the support guide.
  • Each slot 5 formed in the waveguide has a small side sufficiently large so that the metal thickness of the waveguide is small vis-à-vis this dimension (if we consider a thickness of the guide metal 1 mm, we will take slits of 3-4 mm short side in order to neglect another waveguide effect introduced by the propagation of signals through a very thin slot, in the thickness of metal ).
  • the antenna gain increases with the number of slots that combine the radiation. Under a minimum of five slots the gain is suboptimal but may be sufficient if there is a problem of severe antenna-train congestion. Above ten slots gain still slightly increases but the radiation lobe becomes narrow, concentrates the energy into a thin beam and there is a risk of getting out of the appropriate coverage area in case of vehicle suspension travel too much important (pitch, roll).
  • the figure 4 represents the proper diagram of the antenna according to the invention.
  • the longitudinal axis of the waveguide of the antenna is the axis at 0 °.
  • Two lobes LA and L B appear clearly at about 30 ° and about 150 °, indicating that the wave is emitted with an equivalent gain in these two favored directions.
  • the emitting face of the waveguide of the antenna is disposed vertically and is arranged parallel to an emitting face of the fixed continuous communication device arranged along the path.
  • the waveguide of the communication device is arranged on a non-emissive face, the emitting faces being arranged vertically.
  • the polarization of the radiation from the waveguide to the channel is identical to that of the receiving / transmitting antenna.
  • the antenna is thus disposed on the vehicle so that the longitudinal axis of the waveguide of the antenna is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide at the track so that a lobe of the Antenna radiation and a lobe of the radiation pattern from the waveguide 1 to the channel should have an identical orientation.
  • the antenna is mounted either under the vehicle body if the communication device 1 is placed on the ground between the two tracks 2, 3, or on the roof of the vehicle if the communication device 1 is arranged in a tunnel vault between the two channels 2, 3.
  • the distance between the receiving and / or transmitting antenna and the communication device 1 is at least four wavelengths of the microwave signal propagated in the air because the radiation of the communication device to the antenna-and vice versa-is in the far field.
  • the train antenna can be installed laterally, its waveguide volume integrated in the box, the plane of the slots covered with a radome flush with the surface of the box.
  • the antenna is arranged on one side of the vehicle or on both sides of the vehicle. Indeed, when the vehicle arrives at one of the terminals of the one-way line, it moves on the parallel return line either by a wide-radius loop which links the ends of the two lanes, or by making a round-trip on a siding located upstream of the return lane.
  • the figure 5 illustrates the first case: the vehicle A is on the return lane 3 in the same configuration as the outbound lane 2, that is to say the head-to-head cabin.
  • the arrow on the vehicle symbolizes the path of the vehicle on the track.
  • the waveguide 1 disposed at the channel emits the signals along two directions represented by triangles L 1 and L 2 .
  • a signal provided by the energy radiated from a few slits of the waveguide 1 only is represented on the figure 5 but physically, this signal exists all along the waveguide 1.
  • the antenna 4 mounted on the vehicle has two lobes L A and L B.
  • the antenna 4 communicates with the waveguide 1 to the channel because the signal transmitted (or received) by the waveguide 1 in the region of the lobe L 1 has the same orientation as the zone the lobe L B receiving (or transmitting) the antenna 4.
  • the antenna 4 communicates with the waveguide 1 to the channel because the signal transmitted (or received) by the guide 1 in the region of the lobe L 2 has the same orientation as the zone of the lobe LA receiving (or transmitting) the antenna 4.
  • a single antenna 4 is required on the side of the vehicle closest to the waveguide 1 to the track.
  • the figure 6 illustrates the second case: the vehicle A passes from the lane 2 to the return lane 3 via a siding 20. It is therefore in the opposite configuration to that of the forward lane 2, that is to say the head cabin at the tail of the vehicle (in this case, the vehicle usually has a cabin at each end which is not shown here).
  • Two antennas must be mounted on both sides of the vehicle, because the antenna 4, mounted on the vehicle so as to be closest to the waveguide 1 to the track when moving the vehicle on the outbound lane 2, is then on the furthest side of the waveguide 1 to the lane when the vehicle moves on the return lane 3 by making a return trip on the siding 20.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
EP08104087A 2007-05-31 2008-05-26 Hohlleiter-Antenne eingebettet in ein Schienenfahrzeug Active EP1998403B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0703878A FR2916908B1 (fr) 2007-05-31 2007-05-31 Antenne a guide d'ondes embarquee sur un vehicule ferroviaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1998403A1 true EP1998403A1 (de) 2008-12-03
EP1998403B1 EP1998403B1 (de) 2011-05-04

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ID=38477265

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08104087A Active EP1998403B1 (de) 2007-05-31 2008-05-26 Hohlleiter-Antenne eingebettet in ein Schienenfahrzeug

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1998403B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101373860B (de)
AT (1) ATE508492T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602008006627D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2366345T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2916908B1 (de)
SG (1) SG148136A1 (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2965979A1 (fr) * 2010-10-12 2012-04-13 Tech D Ingenierie Et De Cooperation S T I C Soc Antenne auto-portante a rendement eleve pour l'emission et/ou la reception d'ondes radio d'identification
FR2996401A1 (fr) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-04 Jean-Claude Ducasse Installation de communication mobile, cable rayonnant de ladite installation, et procede d'echange de donnees afferent
AT515562A1 (de) * 2014-03-20 2015-10-15 Peter Ing Kuntschitsch Fahrzeugpositionsabhängige hochenergetisch-elektromagnetische Energieeinspeisung zwischen Fahrbahn und Fahrzeug
EP3214699A1 (de) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-06 Kabelwerk Eupen AG Verbesserungen in oder im zusammenhang mit kommunikationsverknüpfungen
CN107546496A (zh) * 2016-06-24 2018-01-05 福特全球技术公司 一种用于车辆通信的多取向天线
EP3340376A1 (de) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-27 Licensys Australasia Pty Ltd Antenne
CN113330646A (zh) * 2019-07-09 2021-08-31 康达提斯-瓦普弗勒有限公司 通信***
US12027744B2 (en) 2019-07-09 2024-07-02 Conductix-Wampfler Gmbh Communication system

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102045090B (zh) * 2009-10-15 2013-08-21 北京瑞安时代科技有限责任公司 实现波导管信号无缝覆盖的方法和装置
CN102082713B (zh) * 2010-12-22 2012-09-26 深圳市华讯方舟科技有限公司 一种高铁移动通信***及其工作方法
CN102104410A (zh) * 2011-01-18 2011-06-22 京信通信***（中国）有限公司 高速铁路微波通信网络
CN102664311B (zh) * 2012-05-16 2015-04-29 中电科微波通信(上海)有限公司 裂缝波导天线
DE102012222471A1 (de) 2012-12-06 2014-06-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fahrzeugortung
CN110429375A (zh) * 2019-07-05 2019-11-08 惠州市德赛西威智能交通技术研究院有限公司 一种宽带基片集成波导双缝天线

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US6091372A (en) 1997-06-26 2000-07-18 Andrew Corporation Antenna for radiating-cable to vehicle communication systems

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CN2762372Y (zh) * 2004-12-24 2006-03-01 佛山市健博通电讯实业有限公司 水平极化波导全向天线

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB962360A (en) * 1961-05-16 1964-07-01 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Radio communicating system
US6091372A (en) 1997-06-26 2000-07-18 Andrew Corporation Antenna for radiating-cable to vehicle communication systems

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
BERDNIK S L ET AL: "Closely spaced transverse slots in rectangular waveguide", ANTENNA THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, 2003. IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 9 - 12 SEPT. 2003, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEEE, vol. 1, 9 September 2003 (2003-09-09), pages 273 - 275, XP010663420, ISBN: 0-7803-7881-4 *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2965979A1 (fr) * 2010-10-12 2012-04-13 Tech D Ingenierie Et De Cooperation S T I C Soc Antenne auto-portante a rendement eleve pour l'emission et/ou la reception d'ondes radio d'identification
WO2012049408A1 (fr) * 2010-10-12 2012-04-19 Societe Technique D'ingenierie Et De Cooperation - S.T.I.C Antenne auto-portante a rendement eleve pour l'emission et / ou la reception d'ondes radio d'identification
FR2996401A1 (fr) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-04 Jean-Claude Ducasse Installation de communication mobile, cable rayonnant de ladite installation, et procede d'echange de donnees afferent
WO2014053758A1 (fr) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-10 Nexans Installation de communication mobile et procede d'echange de donnees afferent
WO2014053759A1 (fr) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-10 Jean-Claude Ducasse Installation de communication mobile, câble rayonnant de ladite installation, et procédé d'échange de données afférent
AT515562A1 (de) * 2014-03-20 2015-10-15 Peter Ing Kuntschitsch Fahrzeugpositionsabhängige hochenergetisch-elektromagnetische Energieeinspeisung zwischen Fahrbahn und Fahrzeug
AT515562B1 (de) * 2014-03-20 2016-01-15 Peter Ing Kuntschitsch Fahrzeugpositionsabhängige hochenergetisch-elektromagnetische Energieeinspeisung zwischen Fahrbahn und Fahrzeug
EP3214699A1 (de) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-06 Kabelwerk Eupen AG Verbesserungen in oder im zusammenhang mit kommunikationsverknüpfungen
CN107546496A (zh) * 2016-06-24 2018-01-05 福特全球技术公司 一种用于车辆通信的多取向天线
EP3340376A1 (de) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-27 Licensys Australasia Pty Ltd Antenne
US10402601B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2019-09-03 Licensys Australasia Pty. Antenna
CN113330646A (zh) * 2019-07-09 2021-08-31 康达提斯-瓦普弗勒有限公司 通信***
US11897526B2 (en) 2019-07-09 2024-02-13 Conductix-Wampfler Gmbh Communication system
US12027744B2 (en) 2019-07-09 2024-07-02 Conductix-Wampfler Gmbh Communication system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101373860A (zh) 2009-02-25
EP1998403B1 (de) 2011-05-04
CN101373860B (zh) 2014-06-04
FR2916908B1 (fr) 2011-09-30
DE602008006627D1 (de) 2011-06-16
ES2366345T3 (es) 2011-10-19
SG148136A1 (en) 2008-12-31
ATE508492T1 (de) 2011-05-15
FR2916908A1 (fr) 2008-12-05

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