EP1997643A2 - Security document and method for its production - Google Patents

Security document and method for its production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1997643A2
EP1997643A2 EP08009688A EP08009688A EP1997643A2 EP 1997643 A2 EP1997643 A2 EP 1997643A2 EP 08009688 A EP08009688 A EP 08009688A EP 08009688 A EP08009688 A EP 08009688A EP 1997643 A2 EP1997643 A2 EP 1997643A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
security
microperforations
carrier substrate
group
security document
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08009688A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1997643A3 (en
EP1997643B1 (en
Inventor
Wayne Robert Dr. Tompkin
Andreas Dr. Schilling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OVD Kinegram AG
Original Assignee
OVD Kinegram AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1997643A2 publication Critical patent/EP1997643A2/en
Publication of EP1997643A3 publication Critical patent/EP1997643A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1997643B1 publication Critical patent/EP1997643B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/346—Perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/21—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose for multiple purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/24—Passports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/27—Lots, e.g. lottery tickets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/333—Watermarks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/364—Liquid crystals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/41—Marking using electromagnetic radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/435—Marking by removal of material using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/44—Marking by removal of material using mechanical means, e.g. engraving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/445—Marking by removal of material using chemical means, e.g. etching
    • B42D2033/22—

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security document having a carrier substrate and at least one security film element connected to the carrier substrate, which has at least two layers, wherein the carrier substrate has a first security marking, which is formed by at least a first group of microperforations in the carrier substrate and when viewing the security document is visually recognizable in transmitted light.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing such a security document.
  • Security documents of the above type are out WO 97/18092 A1 especially known for banknotes.
  • a substrate of the security document made of paper or plastic is provided by means of laser microperforations in the form of round or elongated holes, which are such are dimensioned small that they are seen with the human eye in reflection (in incident light) almost invisible, in transmission (in transmitted light) but are clearly visible.
  • the security document may have further known security features, such as a printed image, a watermark or a Kinegram®, which is known to be applied as a film element having at least two layers.
  • Another security document in the form of a banknote or a check with a microperforation is in WO 2004/011274 A1 described.
  • the at least partially elongated perforations are introduced into the substrate of the security document by means of laser.
  • the security document may further comprise well-known graphical or textual elements.
  • WO 95/26274 A1 describes documents of value, which are provided in the region of the carrier substrate by means of laser with fine, punctiform or linear perforations or channels.
  • WO 98/19869 A1 describes a security document, in particular a card, with a security feature in the form of a perforation pattern, which shows a halftone image with different brightness levels in transmitted light.
  • the perforation pattern is formed by means of a laser.
  • the object is for the security document with a carrier substrate and at least one, connected to the carrier substrate security film element having at least two layers, wherein the carrier substrate has a first security marking, which is formed by at least a first group of microperforations in the carrier substrate and in a consideration of Security document visually recognizable in transmitted light, solved by having at least one of the at least two layers of the security film element at least a second security marking, which is formed by at least a second group of microperforations in at least one of the at least two layers and visually when viewing the security document in transmitted light can be seen, wherein seen in transmitted light, the first security label and the second security label together, so in combination, an information or a part of Inform form ation.
  • the information or a part of the information is accordingly formed by the first group of microperforations in the carrier substrate in combination with the second group of microperforations in the security film element. If the security document is viewed in transmitted light, the microperforations can be read by the viewer of the security document, but not when the security document is viewed in reflected light. An imitation of the recognizable by transmitted light optical effect on the security document is particularly difficult for a counterfeiter, since not only the carrier substrate must be perforated in the correct position, but positionally accurate to the position of the first group of microperforations in at least one of the at least two layers of security film element the second group Microperforations must be arranged.
  • the security film elements are preferably applied with a position tolerance of up to ⁇ 1 mm in the transport direction of the carrier substrate and with a positional tolerance of up to ⁇ 0.5 mm perpendicular to the transport direction (left / right tolerance) on the carrier substrate of a security document.
  • a pattern recognition device that drives the laser used for the micro perforation, microperforations can be generated with a position tolerance of well over ⁇ 1 mm.
  • Microperforation is a punctiform or linear opening or notch in at least one layer of the security foil element or in the carrier substrate, wherein a diameter or a line width of a microperforation lies in particular in the range of 50 to 450 .mu.m, in particular in the range of 100-200 .mu.m.
  • the dimensions of a microperforation depending on the thickness of the layer to be perforated, must be selected such that, in transmitted light, a clearly increased transmission of visible light in the region of the microperforation can be recognized.
  • the outline of a punctiform perforation preferably describes a circle or an ellipse.
  • Such punctiform microperforations are preferably arranged according to a regular two-dimensional grid or on a line.
  • a laser operated in pulsed operation is preferably used for generating the punctiform or linear openings.
  • the pulse rate and the sampling rate are in this case matched to one another such that line-shaped apertures are formed by punctiform apertures lying next to one another, which are arranged adjacent to one another so closely that the impression of a continuous line-shaped aperture is formed.
  • the information formed from the first and second security marking shows a numerical value, a serial number, a text, a symbol, a pattern, a company logo or an image, in particular a halftone image.
  • the information should be quickly and reliably recognizable in transmitted light without aids.
  • a longitudinal axis of microperforations of the first group of microperforations is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the carrier substrate in the carrier substrate and / or if a longitudinal axis of microperforations of the first group of microperforations is not aligned perpendicular to the plane of the carrier substrate in the carrier substrate.
  • light can thereby penetrate through different microperforations in the carrier substrate of the security document and different representations can be made visible in transmitted light. If microperforations with two or more different angles are formed in the carrier substrate, a first representation and at least a second tilt angle at least one second, preferably different representation in transmitted light can be seen in a first tilt angle of the security document.
  • the dimensions of the microperforations i.
  • the diameter or the width of a punctiform or linear micro-perforation chosen smaller than the dimensions of the substrate, in particular selected as the thickness of the substrate.
  • the effect is particularly noticeable when the difference between the thickness of the carrier substrate and the width dimension of the micro-perforation is particularly small, for example, the carrier substrate has a thickness of 1 mm and the micro-perforation has a diameter of 100 microns.
  • the at least one security film element is preferably arranged on a surface of the carrier substrate.
  • the at least one security film element viewed perpendicular to the plane of the carrier substrate, is usually dimensioned smaller than the carrier substrate.
  • the security film element covers the carrier substrate only partially, in particular less than 50% of the surface of the carrier element.
  • a security film element preferably has a thread shape, a strip shape or a sticker shape, which may be formed with a straight-line or pattern-shaped outline.
  • the surface of the carrier substrate and the at least one security film element arranged thereon can be covered by lamination with a transparent plastic film.
  • the at least one security film element can also be embedded in the carrier substrate, wherein preferably a part of the security film element is visible at least on one side of the carrier substrate.
  • the security film element is usually smaller in size than the carrier substrate.
  • the security film element has at least one opaque layer and the at least one opaque layer has the second group of microperforations. This results in the region of the second group of microperforations in transmitted light, a pronounced light-dark contrast, which can be well recognized by a viewer.
  • the security film element next to the opaque layer has at least one further layer which serves to attach the security film element to the carrier substrate, such as an adhesive layer, and / or at least one further layer to protect the security film element from mechanical and / or Chemical impairment serves as a transparent protective layer, and / or at least one further layer which serves as a decorative layer, primer layer and the like.
  • the second group of microperforations in the security film element is formed directly on the security document, in particular by means of a laser. A correct position positioning of the first and second safety markings to each other is simplified.
  • the second group of microperforations prior to the arrangement of the security film element on the security document in particular by means of laser, chemical etching and the like, is formed. This results in the need to make the arrangement of the security film element in the correct position, so that the information is clearly formed and easily readable. This requires particularly low tolerances in the placement of the security film element on the carrier substrate of the security document.
  • the at least one opaque layer of the security film element as a layer of metal, a metal alloy, a pigmented printing ink or a pigmented lacquer is formed. Combinations of several opaque layers of different materials, in particular of metallic layers with lacquer layers, have also proven themselves.
  • the opaque layer can be made in layer thickness and / or material in such a way that, viewed in reflected light and also transmitted light, it appears opaque to the human eye. However, it is also useful training in which the opaque layer viewed in the incident light opaque, but viewed in transmitted light appears translucent.
  • the security film element preferably has at least one semitransparent and / or color-transparent and / or dielectric layer, wherein the at least one semitransparent and / or color-transparent and / or dielectric layer comprises the second group of microperforations.
  • the at least one semitransparent and / or color-transparent and / or dielectric layer comprises the second group of microperforations.
  • the at least one opaque layer and the at least one semitransparent and / or colored transparent and / or dielectric layer are arranged perpendicular to the plane of the security film element, side by side or at least partially overlapping. It is thus possible to form security documents which are particularly hard to imitate, since the readable information can be composed of a wide variety of microperforations with interesting optical effects. It is also possible for an opaque layer and a semitransparent and / or dielectric layer to be part of a thin-film interference layer system with a viewing angle-dependent color change effect. In the area of microperforation then the appearance of the Color change effect prevented.
  • first group and the second group of microperforations perpendicular to the plane of the security document seen are not or only partially congruent to each other or arranged one above the other.
  • Such an arrangement of the first and second group of micro-perforations to each other increases the security against counterfeiting particularly effective, since a high degree of accuracy of positioning the position of the first and second group of microperforations to each other is required.
  • a particularly bright translucent or even colored spot can be formed in transmitted light.
  • the first group of microperforations in the carrier substrate of the security document is preferably formed by means of a laser.
  • the second group of microperforations is also formed by means of a laser.
  • a formation of microperforations by a method from the group comprising stamping, drilling, etching, water jet cutting or electrostatic discharge is possible.
  • micro-perforations can be formed, which are particularly fine, for example in the range of 50 to 200 microns, which can not be perceived by the human eye when viewing the security document in reflected light.
  • the formation of the finest, only in transmitted light recognizable perforations with various outline shapes is possible, with a targeted perforation of only a single layer of the security film element can be formed in the middle of the film composite without further layers of the security document or security film element are affected.
  • macroperforations can furthermore be provided in the carrier substrate and / or the at least one security foil element, the dimensions of which are so large that they can already be seen viewed in reflected light.
  • At least one of the at least two layers of the security film element has at least one third security marking, which is formed by a pattern-shaped or partially formed layer of the at least two layers of the at least one security film element.
  • the pattern-shaped or partial design of at least one of the layers of the security film element allows the formation of sequences of numbers, texts, images, photos, symbols, graphic patterns, logos and the like, which have a high recognition value and well visible due to their visible dimensions already in reflected light for a viewer are.
  • the removal of visible areas preferably takes place by means of etching or laser ablation.
  • microperforations by means of laser technology is relatively expensive, since lasers of very high power are required and the positioning of the laser beam or the document to be provided must be highly accurate.
  • dot screens of up to 16 x 45 microperforations relative to a security document, such as a banknote can be formed at a reasonable cost.
  • Banknotes are usually processed in the form of sheets, each sheet comprising approximately 45 banknotes.
  • a simultaneous perforation of several banknotes of a sheet has proven itself, with several lasers are used, in particular ND: YAG laser.
  • the processing of the sheets takes place at a speed of typically 10,000 sheets per hour.
  • microperforations which are generated by a laser
  • a combination of microperforations with such a third security marking allows a more visually appealing design of long sequences of numbers, photos and the like.
  • the at least one security film element has at least one fourth security identification in the form of an optically variable element, in particular a hologram, a Kinegram ®, a diffractive image or pattern, a liquid crystal material, a thin-film interference layer system with blickwinkelclockem color change effect, or a diffraction element of zero order.
  • an optically variable element in particular a hologram, a Kinegram ®, a diffractive image or pattern, a liquid crystal material, a thin-film interference layer system with blickwinkelclockinm color change effect, or a diffraction element of zero order.
  • the production of such diffractive elements is in " Optical Document Security ", Second Edition, RL by Renesse, ISBN 0-89006-982-4, 1998, chapters 14.4.2 and 14.4.3 described.
  • Optically variable elements are particularly difficult to imitate and require a high technical effort. The security against forgery of a security document equipped with an optically variable element is considerably improved.
  • the security document has at least a fifth security marking in the form of a security print image or a watermark.
  • the security print image is in particular a haptically detectable intaglio print, a security print of high resolution or the like, which is difficult to imitate. It is particularly preferred if the security printed image is an intaglio print and / or has a material from the group of luminescent, thermochromic, photochromic, magnetic or electrically conductive materials.
  • the security printed image seen at right angles to the plane of the security document at least partially with the at least one Safety film element overlaps.
  • the security print image can be seen by the viewer in a plane below and / or above the security film element.
  • partially formed layers of the security film element and the security print image for the viewer can be supplemented to a single representation or partial representation, for example, to a sequence of numbers, an image or a photo.
  • one and the same laser can be used for the introduction of the microperforation into the substrate and also for the writing of information which, like printed information, is characterized by areas that are different in color / brightness compared to the background, for example by this laser in different operating ranges (high energy / low energy) is operated.
  • a position and / or a shape and / or a visual appearance of the third security marking and / or the fourth security marker and / or the fifth security marker is matched to the information resulting from the first and second group of microperforations results.
  • a viewer regards the third security tag and / or the fourth security tag and / or the fifth security tag as being directly related to the information or as supplementary information or forming another part of the information.
  • At least one first security film element is embossed or glued onto the surface of the carrier substrate.
  • transfer films in particular sufficiently well-known transfer films in the form of stamping foils with a Carrier film and a thin, detachable from the carrier film, non-self-supporting transfer layer used or laminating used.
  • the non-self-supporting transfer layer or the self-supporting laminating film, which form the security film element, are permanently attached to the carrier substrate of the security document by means of an adhesive layer, in particular a hot-melt adhesive layer.
  • At least one second security film element is embedded in the carrier substrate of the security document, wherein the second security film element is at least partially visible on at least one side of the carrier substrate.
  • the second security film element is thread-shaped or strip-shaped. This can be a conventional security thread, which can be recognized locally on one side or, in particular, alternately on both sides of the security document.
  • the at least one first security film element and / or the at least one second security film element spans at least one window opening in the carrier substrate.
  • the security film element must be mechanically stable sufficient to survive the usual bending, bending and tensile stresses of the security document without prejudice.
  • the carrier substrate is preferably a translucent material, such as paper, plastic film, a laminate of paper and / or plastic films, and the like. But also opaque materials, especially those with a transparent or semi-transparent window opening, have been found to be suitable for the carrier substrate.
  • the at least one security foil element is arranged here in particular at least partially overlapping with the window opening.
  • the thickness of the security film element is preferably chosen to be much smaller than the thickness of the carrier substrate, in particular smaller by at least 50%, more preferably by at least 90%.
  • the security film element is formed so thin that it is not self-supporting. This is the case in particular with security film elements which are applied to the carrier substrate by means of transfer film technology.
  • the security document is in particular a banknote, a lottery ticket, a ticket, a passport, a passport, a bank card, a chip card, a label or a certificate.
  • the first group and the second group of microperforations perpendicular to the plane of the security document seen are not formed or only partially congruent to each other.
  • FIG. 1a shows a first security document 1 in plan view, which has a carrier substrate 1a made of paper and a security film element 2 applied thereto.
  • the security film element 2 has two layers 2a, 2b (see FIG. 1 b) , wherein the layer 2a is formed as a hot-melt adhesive layer and the layer 2b as a layer of metal which appears opaque in incident light.
  • the layer 2a designed as a hot-melt adhesive layer serves for fastening the security-foil element 2 to the carrier substrate 1a.
  • the carrier substrate 1a has a first security marking, which is formed by a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a. When the security document 1 is viewed in transmitted light, the first security marking is visible visually, ie with the unaided human eye, while the first safety marking is not (or hardly) visible in reflected light.
  • the layer 2b made of metal is so transparent that the overlapping microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3 (under good lighting conditions) are clearly visible.
  • the metal-formed layer 2b of the security film element 2 has a second security marking, which is formed by a second group of microperforations 4 in the layer 2b.
  • the second security marking is also visible when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light (and only then) visually, ie with the unaided human eye, while the second security marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the first safety marking and the second safety marking together information, here in the form of the numerical value "100".
  • the first digit “1" of the numerical value "100” is formed only from microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3.
  • the second digit “0” of the numerical value "100” is composed of microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3 and of microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4.
  • the last digit "0" of the numerical value "100” is formed only of microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4.
  • the intensity of the light detectable in transmitted light in the region of the first group of microperforations 3 can also be achieved in the region of the second group of microperforations 4 via a specific selection of the diameter or the width of the microperforations 4 of the second group, so that the information in the region of "1" and the second "0" seen in the transmitted light appears bright.
  • the positionally accurate positioning of the first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a and the second group of microperforations 4 am Security film element 2, so that the information in the form of the numerical value "100" is formed, is difficult to imitate and therefore particularly forgery-proof.
  • FIG. 1b shows the security document 1 FIG. 1a in cross-section A - A '. It can be seen that the first group of microperforations 3 is arranged in the carrier substrate 1 a such that a part of the microperforations overlaps with the security film element 2.
  • FIG. 2a shows a second security document 1 in plan view, which has a carrier substrate 1a made of paper and a security film element 2 applied thereto.
  • the security film element 2 has two layers 2a, 2b (see FIG. 2b ), wherein the layer 2a is formed as a hot-melt adhesive layer and the layer 2b made of aluminum. Seen in transmitted light, the layer 2b of aluminum is opaque.
  • the layer 2b has a diffractive relief structure not shown separately here, which forms an optically variable effect in the form of a hologram or a Kinegram®.
  • the layer 2a designed as a hot-melt adhesive layer serves for fastening the security-foil element 2 to the carrier substrate 1a.
  • the carrier substrate 1a has a first security marking, which is formed by a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a.
  • first security marking When viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, the first security marking is visible visually, ie with the unaided human eye, recognizable while the first security marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the aluminum-formed layer 2b of the security film element 2 has a second security marking, which is formed by a second group of microperforations 4 in the layer 2b.
  • the second security marking is also visible when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, ie with the unaided human eye, while the second security marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the microperforations all have an oval shape on, wherein the length dimension a of the oval is in the range of 100 to 200 microns and the width dimension b of the oval in the range of 100 to 130 microns.
  • the first security marking and the second security marking together information in the form of a regular dot matrix.
  • the first column of the dot matrix is formed only from microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3.
  • the second column of the dot matrix is formed from microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3 and microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4, which are arranged congruently one above the other (see FIG. 2b ).
  • the last column of the dot matrix is formed only of microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4.
  • the layer 2b made of aluminum can also be partially removed in this way, so that a third security marking in the form of a lettering, symbol, pattern or the like already appears in reflected light.
  • a partial removal of reflective layers of security film elements is well known in the field of security technology.
  • microperforations which only penetrate the carrier substrate, which penetrate the metal layer and the carrier substrate and penetrate only the metal layer
  • the parameters of the laser for example the Energy density and pulse length, are chosen differently for the different types of microperforations, so as to generate the different microperforations.
  • FIG. 2b shows the security document 1 FIG. 2a in cross section B - B '. It can be seen that the first group of microperforations 3 is arranged in the carrier substrate 1a in such a way that a part of the microperforations overlaps directly with microperforations in the security film element 2.
  • FIG. 3a shows a third security document 1 in plan view, which has a carrier substrate 1a made of translucent plastic and a safety film element 2 applied thereto.
  • the security film element 2 has two layers 2a, 2b (see FIG. 3b ), wherein the layer 2a is formed as a hot-melt adhesive layer and the layer 2b made of metal. Seen in transmitted light, the layer 2b is opaque.
  • the layer 2b has a fourth security marking in the form of an optically variable element, which is formed by a diffractive relief structure 5, which shows an optically variable effect in the form of a Kinegram®.
  • the layer 2a designed as a hot-melt adhesive layer serves for fastening the security-foil element 2 to the carrier substrate 1a.
  • the carrier substrate 1a has a first security marking, which is formed by a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a.
  • first security marking is recognizable visually, ie with the unaided human eye, while the first security marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the metal-formed layer 2b of the security film element 2 has a second security marking, which is formed by a second group of microperforations 4 in the layer 2b.
  • the second safety marking is also in a consideration of the Security document 1 in transmitted light visually, ie with the unaided human eye, recognizable, while the second security marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the first safety marking and the second safety marking together information here in the form of the numerical value "100".
  • the first digit "1" of the numerical value "100” is formed only from microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3.
  • the second digit "0" of the numerical value "100” is formed from microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4.
  • the last digit "0" of the numerical value "100” is also formed from microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4.
  • FIG. 3b shows the security document 1 FIG. 3a in cross section C - C '. It can be seen that the first group of microperforations 3 is arranged in the carrier substrate 1a next to the security film element 2 containing the second group of microperforations 4. If, in this case, the microperforations have been introduced by means of a laser after application of the film element to the carrier substrate, as has been described above, then the groups of microperforations are arranged in register with each other with high accuracy.
  • FIG. 4a shows a fourth security document 1 in plan view, in addition to those already in the FIGS. 1a and 1b shown features (see related description) has a fifth security marking in the form of a security print image 6.
  • the security print image 6 shows the printed in filigree lines numerical value "100", in agreement with that from the first and
  • the second security identifier is positioned information and thus forms another part of the information.
  • the information "100” is thus composed of the first security marking in the form of the first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a and the second security marking in the form of the second group of microperforations 4 in the layer 2b of the security film element 2 and the security printed image 6.
  • An imitation The information, which is formed by this combination of safety markings, at the same time positionally correct positioning each other, is particularly difficult.
  • FIG. 4b shows the security document 1 FIG. 4a in cross-section D - D '.
  • FIG. 5a shows a fifth security document 1 in plan view, which has a carrier substrate 1a made of paper and a security film element 2 applied thereto.
  • the security film element 2 has three layers 2a, 2b, 2c (see FIG. 5b ), wherein the layer 2a is formed as a hot-melt adhesive layer, the layer 2b made of aluminum and the layer 2c as a colorless transparent lacquer layer. Seen in transmitted light, the layer 2b made of aluminum is translucent.
  • the layer 2b has a diffractive relief structure not shown separately here, which forms a fourth security marking in the form of a hologram or a Kinegram®.
  • the layer 2a designed as a hot-melt adhesive layer serves for fastening the security-foil element 2 to the carrier substrate 1a.
  • the carrier substrate 1a has a first security marking, which is formed by a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a. When viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, the first security marking is visible visually, ie with the unaided human eye, recognizable while the first security marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the layer 2b of the security film element 2 formed from aluminum has a second one Safety marking, which is formed by a second group of microperforations 4, 4a in the layer 2b. Furthermore, it is also possible that the microperforations in contrast to those in Fig.
  • ND: YAG lasers are used (with a wavelength of 1.06 ⁇ m) in order to perforate the metal layer.
  • a perforation of only the metal layer and without affecting further, the metal layer enclosing layers is possible with the following laser parameters: pulse rate : 40 kHz Laser beam diameter : 40 ⁇ m Drive current strength : 18-20 a
  • the second group of microperforations 4, 4a on the one hand forms a continuous, thin line with the outline of the numerical value "1" and also a dot matrix.
  • the second security marking is visual when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, i. with the unarmed human eye, recognizable, while the second safety marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the first security marking and the second security marking together information in the form of a "1" with an outline within which a dot matrix is located.
  • the positionally accurate positioning of the first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a and the second group of microperforations 4, 4a on the security film element 2 is difficult to imitate and therefore particularly tamper-proof.
  • the layer 2b of aluminum is further partially removed in such a way that already in reflected light shows a third security marking in the form of a shiny metallic pentagon and twice the words "PATTERN".
  • FIG. 5b shows the security document 1 FIG. 5a in cross section E - E '.
  • the first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a is arranged such that they are located within the line of the second group of microperforations 4, 4a and immediately above the dot matrix.
  • FIG. 6a shows a sixth security document 1 in plan view, which shows a carrier substrate 1a made of paper and a security film element applied thereto 2 has.
  • the security film element 2 has three layers 2a, 2b, 2d (see FIG. 6b ), wherein the layer 2a is formed as a hot-melt adhesive layer, the layer 2b as an opaque layer of metal and the layer 2d as a semitransparent dielectric layer of ZnS.
  • the (semi-) transparent dielectric layer, ie the layer 2d is not provided next to the metallic layer, ie the layer 2b, but the dielectric layer is provided below or above the metallic layer and the metallic one Layer at least partially superimposed.
  • the layer 2a designed as a hot-melt adhesive layer serves for fastening the security-foil element 2 to the carrier substrate 1a.
  • the carrier substrate 1a has a first security marking, which is formed by a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a. When viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, the first security marking is recognizable visually, ie with the unaided human eye, while the first security marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the layer 2b of metal is opaque.
  • the metal-formed layer 2b of the security film element 2 has a second security marking, which is formed by a second group of microperforations 4 in the layer 2b.
  • the second security marking is also visible when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, ie with the unaided human eye, while the second security marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the dielectric layer 2d of the security film element 2 has a further second security marking, which is formed by a further second group of microperforations 4 'in the layer 2d.
  • the further second security marking is also visually when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, ie with the unarmed human eye, recognizable, while the further second safety marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the further second group of microperforations 4 ' is not only formed in the layer 2d, but superimposed by a first group of microperforations in the carrier substrate 1a.
  • the contrast of the security feature in transmitted light is further increased.
  • the first security marking, the second security marking and the other second security marking together information, here in the form of the numerical value "100".
  • the first digit "1" of the numerical value "100” is formed only from microperforations of the further second group of microperforations 4 '.
  • the second digit “0" of the numerical value "100” is composed of microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3 and of microperforations of the further second group of microperforations 4 '.
  • the last digit "0" of the numerical value "100” is formed only of microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4.
  • the dielectric layer 2d of the security film element 2 is further removed in the regions 7 for forming a third security marking, so that the number "1" and a star are formed visibly in incident light.
  • the third security marking formed by the area 7 is visible here in incident light.
  • the layers 2d or 2b a If the diffractive surface relief is molded or such a surface relief is formed in a layer adjoining this layer, which for example generates a Kinegram®, the third security marking becomes visible to the viewer through the "inactivity" of the Kinegram® in the region 7.
  • FIG. 6b shows the security document 1 FIG. 6a in cross section F - F '. It can be seen that the first group of microperforations 3 is arranged in the carrier substrate 1a below the security film element 2.
  • Figure 7a shows a seventh security document 1 in plan view, which has a carrier substrate 1a made of paper and a security film element 2 applied thereto.
  • the security film element 2 has three layers 2a, 2b, 2d (see FIG. 7b ), wherein the layer 2a as a hot-melt adhesive layer, the layer 2b as an opaque layer of metal and the layer 2d is formed as a transparent dielectric layer of a high refractive index material, for example ZnO, TiO 2 or ZnS.
  • the layer 2a designed as a hot-melt adhesive layer serves for fastening the security-foil element 2 to the carrier substrate 1a.
  • the carrier substrate 1a has a first security marking, which is formed by a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a. When viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, the first security marking is recognizable visually, ie with the unaided human eye, while the first security marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the metal layer 2b is opaque to light and has a second security marking, which is formed by a second group of microperforations 4a (linear) in the layer 2b.
  • the second security marking is also visually when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, ie with the unarmed human eye, recognizable, while the second safety marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the dielectric layer 2d of the security film element 2 has a further second security marking, which is formed by a further second group of microperforations 4a and microperforations 4b in the layer 2d.
  • the microperforations 4b are superimposed with microperforations in the carrier substrate 1a.
  • HRI High Refraction Index
  • the further second security marking is also visible when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, ie with the unarmed human eye, while the further second security marking is not visible in incident light.
  • the first safety marking, the second safety marking and the further second safety marking together form information in transmitted light, here in the form of the numerical value "500".
  • the first digit "5" of the numerical value "500” is formed from microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3, the second group of microperforations 4a and the further second group of microperforations 4b.
  • the second digit "0" of the numerical value "500” is composed of microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3 and of microperforations of the further second group of microperforations 4b.
  • the last digit "0" of the numerical value "500” is formed from microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3, the second group of microperforations 4a and the further second group of microperforations 4b.
  • the positionally accurate positioning of the first group Microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a, the further second group of microperforations 4b and the second group of microperforations 4a on the security film element 2, so that seen in transmitted light, the information in the form of the numerical value "500” is formed, is difficult to imitate and therefore particularly tamper-proof.
  • the layer 2b made of metal of the security film element 2 is provided with a fourth security marking, which shows an optically variable element in the reflected light, here a hologram.
  • the hologram is generated by a diffractive relief structure 5a in the region of the metallic layer 2b.
  • the dielectric layer 2d of the security film element 2 is provided with a further fourth security marking which, in reflected light, shows an optically variable element, here a Kinegram®.
  • the Kinegram® is generated by a diffractive relief structure 5b in the region of the dielectric layer 2d.
  • FIG. 7b shows the security document 1 Figure 7a in cross section F - F '. It can be seen that the first group of microperforations 3 is arranged in the carrier substrate 1a below the security film element 2.
  • FIG. 8a shows an eighth security document 1, similar to FIG. 3a , in the top view.
  • the carrier substrate 1a is formed of an opaque material.
  • cross section K -K ' according to FIG. 8b It can be seen that the carrier substrate 1a has a window opening 1b, which is closed by means of the security film element 2.
  • the first group of microperforations 3 next to the second group of microperforations 4 can be seen, which together form the information in the form of the numerical value "100".
  • FIG. 9 shows in plan view a ninth security document 1 with a carrier substrate 1a made of paper, a safety film element 2 impressed thereon with an optically variable element, a security print image 6, a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a and a second group of microperforations 4 in the security film element.
  • the microperforations 3, 4 complement the image information of the security print image 6. The features overlap and are combined so that an imitation can be realized only with great effort.
  • a multiplicity of security documents can be formed by a combination of first to fifth security identifications, which have a high security against counterfeiting and at the same time have an appealing visual appearance.
  • Fig. 10 shows a security document 50, which is an identity card in the form of a card.
  • the security document 50 has a carrier substrate 52, a security film element 53 and a protective layer 51.
  • the carrier substrate 52 is made of a material or contains substances which change their optical properties upon irradiation by means of a laser and thus darken, for example, when laser irradiation with an energy density P1, show a color change or assume a certain predetermined (body) color.
  • the carrier substrate 52 consists for example of polycarbonate or PVC and has a thickness in the range of 100 to 750 .mu.m, in particular of 500 microns.
  • the film element 53 is the transfer layer of a transfer film, in particular the transfer layer of a hot stamping film which has a replication lacquer layer 54, a metallic layer 55 and an adhesive layer 56.
  • a diffractive surface relief is formed, which generates, for example, a Kinegram®.
  • the metal layer 55 is provided only partially and in pattern form on the film element 53, for example in the form of a pattern or a figurative representation.
  • the film element 53 is formed by a laminating film, which is formed in the form of a patch or a strip.
  • the carrier substrate 52 and the film element 53 are both covered by the protective layer 51, which consists of a transparent plastic material, preferably of polycarbonate.
  • the protective layer 51 is in this case made relatively thick and preferably has a thickness in the range of 20 to 200 .mu.m, in particular of 100 .mu.m.
  • a protective layer it is also possible for a protective layer to be provided on the side of the carrier substrate 52 opposite the film element 53 as well.
  • the protective layer 51 and the possible further protective layer are hereby laminated to the carrier substrate 52, preferably in a lamination process, to the card-shaped security document 50.
  • the security document 50 information is first written into the carrier substrate 52 by the laser at an energy density approximately equal to the energy density P1 specified above.
  • This information is a security feature 61.
  • This information may include, for example, the name, personal information, and a photograph of the person The owner of the security document 50.
  • the energy density P1 is in this case selected such that it is as close as possible to a range between an energy density P11 and P12 at which the material of the carrier substrate 52 shows a scale of different gray levels when irradiated.
  • a first group of microperforations 62 are then introduced into the carrier substrate 52 with an energy density P2.
  • the energy density P2 is chosen so that the laser only perforates the carrier substrate 52, for example by evaporation or selective melting.
  • a second group of microperforations 64 in the metal layer 55 of the foil element 53 are produced by means of the laser.
  • the laser irradiation takes place with an energy density P3, in which only the metal layer 55 is perforated, but not the surrounding layers are perforated.
  • microperforations 63 are then introduced, which perforate both the metal layer 55 and the carrier substrate 52.
  • the laser irradiation takes place here with an energy density P4, which is chosen such that both the metal layer 55 and the carrier substrate 52 are perforated.
  • the microperforations 63 are thus composed of a first group of microperforations in the film element 2 in register with a second group of microperforations in the carrier substrate 52.
  • optically variable security element provided by the diffractive structures can continue through this method cost-effectively individualized and offers high protection against counterfeiting and counterfeiting of the security document.

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Abstract

The document (1) has a carrier substrate (1a) with which a safety foil element (2) is connected. The foil element comprises two layers, where each layer has a safety identification e.g. half-tone image, which is formed by a group of micro-perforations (4) in the appropriate layer. The safety identification is visually detectable when viewing the document with transmitted light. Information or part of information is formed when viewing the safety identifications with transmitted light. The foil element is covered by an optional lamination with a transparent plastic foil. An independent claim is also included for a method for producing a security document.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Sicherheitsdokument mit einem Trägersubstrat und mindestens einem, mit dem Trägersubstrat verbundenen Sicherheitsfolienelement, welches mindestens zwei Schichten aufweist, wobei das Trägersubstrat eine erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung aufweist, welche durch mindestens eine erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen im Trägersubstrat gebildet ist und bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments im Durchlicht visuell erkennbar ist. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Sicherheitsdokuments.The invention relates to a security document having a carrier substrate and at least one security film element connected to the carrier substrate, which has at least two layers, wherein the carrier substrate has a first security marking, which is formed by at least a first group of microperforations in the carrier substrate and when viewing the security document is visually recognizable in transmitted light. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a security document.

Sicherheitsdokumente der oben genannten Art sind aus WO 97/18092 A1 insbesondere für Banknoten bekannt. Dabei wird ein Substrat des Sicherheitsdokuments aus Papier oder Kunststoff mittels Laser mit Mikroperforationen in Form runder oder länglicher Löcher versehen, welche derart klein dimensioniert sind, dass diese mit dem menschlichen Auge in Reflektion (im Auflicht) gesehen nahezu unsichtbar, in Transmission (im Durchlicht) gesehen aber gut erkennbar sind. Das Sicherheitsdokument kann weitere, bekannte Sicherheitsmerkmale aufweisen, wie ein Druckbild, ein Wasserzeichen oder ein Kinegram®, das bekanntermaßen als Folienelement, welches mindestens zwei Schichten aufweist, aufgebracht wird.Security documents of the above type are out WO 97/18092 A1 especially known for banknotes. In this case, a substrate of the security document made of paper or plastic is provided by means of laser microperforations in the form of round or elongated holes, which are such are dimensioned small that they are seen with the human eye in reflection (in incident light) almost invisible, in transmission (in transmitted light) but are clearly visible. The security document may have further known security features, such as a printed image, a watermark or a Kinegram®, which is known to be applied as a film element having at least two layers.

Ein weiteres Sicherheitsdokument in Form einer Banknote oder eines Schecks mit einer Mikroperforation ist in WO 2004/011274 A1 beschrieben. Die zumindest teilweise länglichen Perforationen sind in das Substrat des Sicherheitsdokuments mittels Laser eingebracht. Das Sicherheitsdokument kann weiterhin hinreichend bekannte graphische oder textliche Elemente aufweisen.Another security document in the form of a banknote or a check with a microperforation is in WO 2004/011274 A1 described. The at least partially elongated perforations are introduced into the substrate of the security document by means of laser. The security document may further comprise well-known graphical or textual elements.

WO 95/26274 A1 beschreibt Wertdokumente, welche im Bereich des Trägersubstrats mittels Laser mit feinen, punkt- oder linienförmigen Perforationen oder Kanälen versehen sind. WO 95/26274 A1 describes documents of value, which are provided in the region of the carrier substrate by means of laser with fine, punctiform or linear perforations or channels.

DE 93 15 294 U1 beschreibt eine Perforation von Banknoten, welche aus unterschiedlich großen, gestanzten Löchern besteht, die zusammen ein Emblem bilden. DE 93 15 294 U1 describes a perforation of banknotes, which consists of different sized, punched holes, which together form an emblem.

WO 98/19869 A1 beschreibt ein Sicherheitsdokument, insbesondere einen Ausweis, mit einem Sicherheitsmerkmal in Form eines Perforationsmusters, das im Durchlicht ein Halbtonbild mit unterschiedlichen Helligkeitsstufen zeigt. Das Perforationsmuster ist mittels eines Lasers ausgebildet. WO 98/19869 A1 describes a security document, in particular a card, with a security feature in the form of a perforation pattern, which shows a halftone image with different brightness levels in transmitted light. The perforation pattern is formed by means of a laser.

Die stetige Verbesserung der Fähigkeiten von Fälschern macht eine ständige Erhöhung der Sicherheitsmaßnahmen für Sicherheitsdokumente erforderlich.The constant improvement of the skills of counterfeiters requires a constant increase in the security measures for security documents.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Fälschungssicherheit von Sicherheitsdokumenten noch weiter zu erhöhen.It is therefore an object of the invention to further increase the security against forgery of security documents.

Die Aufgabe wird für das Sicherheitsdokument mit einem Trägersubstrat und mindestens einem, mit dem Trägersubstrat verbundenen Sicherheitsfolienelement, welches mindestens zwei Schichten aufweist, wobei das Trägersubstrat eine erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung aufweist, welche durch mindestens eine erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen im Trägersubstrat gebildet ist und bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments im Durchlicht visuell erkennbar ist, gelöst, indem mindestens eine der mindestens zwei Schichten des Sicherheitsfolienelements mindestens eine zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung aufweist, welche durch mindestens eine zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen in mindestens einer der mindestens zwei Schichten gebildet ist und bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments im Durchlicht visuell erkennbar ist, wobei im Durchlicht gesehen die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung und die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung zusammen, also in Kombination, eine Information oder einen Teil einer Information bilden.The object is for the security document with a carrier substrate and at least one, connected to the carrier substrate security film element having at least two layers, wherein the carrier substrate has a first security marking, which is formed by at least a first group of microperforations in the carrier substrate and in a consideration of Security document visually recognizable in transmitted light, solved by having at least one of the at least two layers of the security film element at least a second security marking, which is formed by at least a second group of microperforations in at least one of the at least two layers and visually when viewing the security document in transmitted light can be seen, wherein seen in transmitted light, the first security label and the second security label together, so in combination, an information or a part of Inform form ation.

Die Information oder ein Teil der Information wird demnach durch die erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen im Trägersubstrat in Kombination mit der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen im Sicherheitsfolienelement gebildet. Die Mikroperforationen sind, sofern das Sicherheitsdokument im Durchlicht betrachtet wird, für den Betrachter des Sicherheitsdokuments auslesbar, nicht aber bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments im Auflicht. Eine Nachahmung des im Durchlicht erkennbaren optisch Effekts am Sicherheitsdokument ist für einen Fälscher besonders schwierig, da nicht nur das Trägersubstrat lagerichtig perforiert werden muss, sondern positionsgenau zur Lage der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen auch in mindestens einer der mindestens zwei Schichten des Sicherheitsfolienelements die zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen angeordnet werden muss. Zudem ist die Nachbildung eines Sicherheitsfolienelements und eine Perforation einzelner Schichten des Sicherheitsfolienelements schwierig. Bereits eine geringfügige Lageabweichung der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen von der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen ist auch für das ungeschulte menschliche Auge im Durchlicht sofort erkennbar und das Dokument als Fälschung identifizierbar.The information or a part of the information is accordingly formed by the first group of microperforations in the carrier substrate in combination with the second group of microperforations in the security film element. If the security document is viewed in transmitted light, the microperforations can be read by the viewer of the security document, but not when the security document is viewed in reflected light. An imitation of the recognizable by transmitted light optical effect on the security document is particularly difficult for a counterfeiter, since not only the carrier substrate must be perforated in the correct position, but positionally accurate to the position of the first group of microperforations in at least one of the at least two layers of security film element the second group Microperforations must be arranged. In addition, the Replication of a security film element and a perforation of individual layers of the security film element difficult. Already a slight positional deviation of the first group of microperforations from the second group of microperforations is immediately recognizable to the untrained human eye in transmitted light and the document can be identified as a counterfeit.

Die Sicherheitsfolienelemente werden vorzugsweise mit einer Lagetoleranz von bis zu ± 1 mm in Transportrichtung des Trägersubstrats und mit einer Lagetoleranz von bis zu ± 0,5 mm rechtwinkelig zur Transportrichtung (Links-/ Rechts-Toleranz) auf das Trägersubstrat eines Sicherheitsdokuments appliziert. Durch die Verwendung einer Muster-Erkennungseinrichtung, die den für die Mikroperforation verwendeten Laser ansteuert, können Mikroperforationen mit einer Lagetoleranz von deutlich besser als ± 1 mm erzeugt werden. Diese möglichen Abweichungen sind bei der Auswahl einer geeigneten ersten und zweiten Sicherheitszeichnung zu berücksichtigen, damit die daraus zusammengesetzte Information eindeutig erkennbar und lagerichtig ausgebildet wird. Je geringer die prozessbedingt zu erwartenden Lagetoleranzen sind, desto komplexer, optisch ansprechender und schwieriger nachzuahmen kann die Information ausgestaltet werden.The security film elements are preferably applied with a position tolerance of up to ± 1 mm in the transport direction of the carrier substrate and with a positional tolerance of up to ± 0.5 mm perpendicular to the transport direction (left / right tolerance) on the carrier substrate of a security document. By using a pattern recognition device that drives the laser used for the micro perforation, microperforations can be generated with a position tolerance of well over ± 1 mm. These possible deviations must be taken into account when selecting a suitable first and second safety drawing, so that the information assembled therefrom is clearly recognizable and correct in position. The lower the process-related expected tolerances, the more complex, visually appealing and difficult to imitate the information can be configured.

Als Mikroperforation wird eine punkt- oder linienförmige Durchbrechung oder Einkerbung in mindestens einer Schicht des Sicherheitsfolienelements oder im Trägersubstrat bezeichnet, wobei ein Durchmesser oder eine Linienbreite einer Mikroperforation insbesondere im Bereich von 50 bis 450 µm, insbesondere im Bereich von 100 - 200 µm, liegt. In jedem Fall müssen die Dimensionen einer Mikroperforation, in Abhängigkeit von der Dicke der zu perforierenden Schicht, aber so gewählt sein, dass im Durchlicht eine deutlich erhöhte Transmission von sichtbarem Licht im Bereich der Mikroperforation erkennbar ist. Der Umriss einer punktförmigen Perforation beschreibt dabei vorzugsweise einen Kreis oder eine Ellipse. Derartige punktförmige Mikroperforationen werden dabei bevorzugt gemäß einem regelmäßigen zweidimensionalen Raster oder auf einer Linie angeordnet. Vorzugsweise wird hierbei ein im Pulsbetrieb betriebener Laser für die Erzeugung der punkt- oder linienförmigen Durchbrechungen eingesetzt. Die Pulsrate und die Abtastrate sind hierbei so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass linienförmige Durchbrechungen durch nebeneinander liegende punktförmige Durchbrechungen gebildet werden, die so eng nebeneinander benachbart angeordnet sind, dass der Eindruck einer kontinuierlichen linienförmigen Durchbrechung entsteht.Microperforation is a punctiform or linear opening or notch in at least one layer of the security foil element or in the carrier substrate, wherein a diameter or a line width of a microperforation lies in particular in the range of 50 to 450 .mu.m, in particular in the range of 100-200 .mu.m. In any case, the dimensions of a microperforation, depending on the thickness of the layer to be perforated, must be selected such that, in transmitted light, a clearly increased transmission of visible light in the region of the microperforation can be recognized. The outline of a punctiform perforation preferably describes a circle or an ellipse. Such punctiform microperforations are preferably arranged according to a regular two-dimensional grid or on a line. In this case, a laser operated in pulsed operation is preferably used for generating the punctiform or linear openings. The pulse rate and the sampling rate are in this case matched to one another such that line-shaped apertures are formed by punctiform apertures lying next to one another, which are arranged adjacent to one another so closely that the impression of a continuous line-shaped aperture is formed.

Es hat sich bewährt, wenn die aus der ersten und zweiten Sicherheitskennzeichnung gebildete Information einen Zahlenwert, eine Seriennummer, einen Text, ein Symbol, ein Muster, ein Firmenlogo oder ein Bild, insbesondere ein Halbtonbild, zeigt. Die Information sollte im Durchlicht ohne Hilfsmittel schnell und sicher erkennbar sein.It has proven useful if the information formed from the first and second security marking shows a numerical value, a serial number, a text, a symbol, a pattern, a company logo or an image, in particular a halftone image. The information should be quickly and reliably recognizable in transmitted light without aids.

Es hat sich bewährt, wenn eine Längsachse von Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen senkrecht zur Ebene des Trägersubstrats im Trägersubstrat ausgerichtet ist und/oder wenn eine Längsachse von Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen nicht senkrecht zur Ebene des Trägersubstrats im Trägersubstrat ausgerichtet ist. Dadurch kann im Durchlicht je nach Kippwinkel Licht durch unterschiedliche Mikroperforationen im Trägersubstrat des Sicherheitsdokuments dringen und unterschiedliche Darstellungen sichtbar gemacht werden. Werden Mikroperforationen mit zwei oder mehreren unterschiedlichen Winkeln im Trägersubstrat ausgebildet, so sind in einem ersten Kippwinkel des Sicherheitsdokuments eine erste Darstellung und in mindestens einem zweiten Kippwinkel mindestens eine zweite, dazu vorzugsweise unterschiedliche Darstellung im Durchlicht erkennbar.It has proven useful if a longitudinal axis of microperforations of the first group of microperforations is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the carrier substrate in the carrier substrate and / or if a longitudinal axis of microperforations of the first group of microperforations is not aligned perpendicular to the plane of the carrier substrate in the carrier substrate. Depending on the tilt angle, light can thereby penetrate through different microperforations in the carrier substrate of the security document and different representations can be made visible in transmitted light. If microperforations with two or more different angles are formed in the carrier substrate, a first representation and at least a second tilt angle at least one second, preferably different representation in transmitted light can be seen in a first tilt angle of the security document.

Vorzugsweise sind hierbei die Dimensionen der Mikroperforationen, d.h. beispielsweise der Durchmesser oder die Breite einer punkt- bzw. linienförmigen Mikroperforation, kleiner als die Dimensionen des Substrats gewählt, insbesondere als die Dicke des Substrats gewählt. Der Effekt ist besonders augenfällig, wenn der Unterschied zwischen der Dicke des Trägersubstrats und der Breitenabmessung der Mikroperforation besonders klein ist, beispielsweise das Trägersubstrat eine Dicke von 1 mm besitzt und die Mikroperforation einen Durchmesser von 100 µm besitzt.Preferably, the dimensions of the microperforations, i. For example, the diameter or the width of a punctiform or linear micro-perforation, chosen smaller than the dimensions of the substrate, in particular selected as the thickness of the substrate. The effect is particularly noticeable when the difference between the thickness of the carrier substrate and the width dimension of the micro-perforation is particularly small, for example, the carrier substrate has a thickness of 1 mm and the micro-perforation has a diameter of 100 microns.

Das mindestens eine Sicherheitsfolienelement ist vorzugsweise auf einer Oberfläche des Trägersubstrats angeordnet. Dabei ist das mindestens eine Sicherheitsfolienelement senkrecht zur Ebene des Trägersubstrats gesehen üblicherweise kleiner dimensioniert als das Trägersubstrat. Vorzugsweise bedeckt das Sicherheitsfolienelement das Trägersubstrat lediglich bereichsweise, insbesondere weniger als 50 % der Oberfläche des Trägerelements. Ein Sicherheitsfolienelement weist dabei vorzugsweise eine Fadenform, Streifenform oder eine Plakettenform auf, die mit geradlinigem oder musterförmig gestaltetem Umriss ausgebildet sein kann. Optional kann dabei die Oberfläche des Trägersubstrats und das darauf angeordnete, mindestens eine Sicherheitsfolienelement durch Lamination mit einer transparenten Kunststofffolie bedeckt sein.The at least one security film element is preferably arranged on a surface of the carrier substrate. In this case, the at least one security film element, viewed perpendicular to the plane of the carrier substrate, is usually dimensioned smaller than the carrier substrate. Preferably, the security film element covers the carrier substrate only partially, in particular less than 50% of the surface of the carrier element. In this case, a security film element preferably has a thread shape, a strip shape or a sticker shape, which may be formed with a straight-line or pattern-shaped outline. Optionally, the surface of the carrier substrate and the at least one security film element arranged thereon can be covered by lamination with a transparent plastic film.

Das mindestens eine Sicherheitsfolienelement kann aber auch in das Trägersubstrat eingebettet ein, wobei vorzugsweise ein Teil des Sicherheitsfolienelements zumindest auf einer Seite des Trägersubstrats sichtbar ist. Auch hier ist das Sicherheitsfolienelement üblicherweise kleiner dimensioniert als das Trägersubstrat.However, the at least one security film element can also be embedded in the carrier substrate, wherein preferably a part of the security film element is visible at least on one side of the carrier substrate. Again, the security film element is usually smaller in size than the carrier substrate.

Es ist bevorzugt, wenn das Sicherheitsfolienelement mindestens eine opake Schicht aufweist und die mindestens eine opake Schicht die zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen aufweist. Es ergibt sich dadurch im Bereich der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen im Durchlicht ein ausgeprägter Hell-Dunkel-Kontrast, der von einem Betrachter gut erkannt werden kann.It is preferred if the security film element has at least one opaque layer and the at least one opaque layer has the second group of microperforations. This results in the region of the second group of microperforations in transmitted light, a pronounced light-dark contrast, which can be well recognized by a viewer.

Weiterhin hat es sich bewährt, wenn das Sicherheitsfolienelement neben der opaken Schicht mindestens eine weitere Schicht aufweist, die zur Befestigung des Sicherheitsfolienelements am Trägersubstrat dient, wie eine Kleberschicht, und/oder mindestens eine weitere Schicht, die zum Schutz des Sicherheitsfolienelements vor mechanischer und/oder chemischer Beeinträchtigung dient, wie eine transparente Schutzschicht, und/oder mindestens eine weitere Schicht, die als Dekorschicht, Haftvermittlerschicht und dergleichen dient.Furthermore, it has proven useful if the security film element next to the opaque layer has at least one further layer which serves to attach the security film element to the carrier substrate, such as an adhesive layer, and / or at least one further layer to protect the security film element from mechanical and / or Chemical impairment serves as a transparent protective layer, and / or at least one further layer which serves as a decorative layer, primer layer and the like.

Dabei hat es sich bewährt, wenn die zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen im Sicherheitsfolienelement unmittelbar am Sicherheitsdokument, insbesondere mittels Laser, gebildet wird. Eine lagerichtige Positionierung der ersten und zweiten Sicherheitskennzeichnungen zueinander wird dadurch vereinfacht. Alternativ hat es sich bewährt, wenn die zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen vor Anordnung des Sicherheitsfolienelements am Sicherheitsdokument, insbesondere mittels Laser, chemischem Ätzen und dergleichen, gebildet wird. Hier ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, die Anordnung des Sicherheitsfolienelements lagerichtig vorzunehmen, so dass die Information eindeutig ausgebildet wird und problemlos auslesbar ist. Dies erfordert besonders geringe Toleranzen bei der Platzierung des Sicherheitsfolienelements auf dem Trägersubstrat des Sicherheitsdokuments.It has proven useful if the second group of microperforations in the security film element is formed directly on the security document, in particular by means of a laser. A correct position positioning of the first and second safety markings to each other is simplified. Alternatively, it has proven useful if the second group of microperforations prior to the arrangement of the security film element on the security document, in particular by means of laser, chemical etching and the like, is formed. This results in the need to make the arrangement of the security film element in the correct position, so that the information is clearly formed and easily readable. This requires particularly low tolerances in the placement of the security film element on the carrier substrate of the security document.

Dabei hat es sich bewährt, wenn die mindestens eine opake Schicht des Sicherheitsfolienelements als eine Schicht aus Metall, einer Metall-Legierung, einer pigmentierten Druckfarbe oder einem pigmentierten Lack ausgebildet ist. Auch Kombinationen von mehreren opaken Schichten aus unterschiedlichen Materialien, insbesondere von metallischen Schichten mit Lackschichten, haben sich bewährt.It has proven useful if the at least one opaque layer of the security film element as a layer of metal, a metal alloy, a pigmented printing ink or a pigmented lacquer is formed. Combinations of several opaque layers of different materials, in particular of metallic layers with lacquer layers, have also proven themselves.

Die opake Schicht kann dabei in Schichtdicke und/oder Material derart beschaffen sein, dass diese im Auflicht und auch Durchlicht betrachtet für das menschliche Auge lichtundurchlässig erscheint. Es ist aber auch eine Ausbildung zweckmäßig, bei der die opake Schicht lediglich im Auflicht betrachtet lichtundurchlässig, jedoch im Durchlicht betrachtet lichtdurchlässig erscheint.The opaque layer can be made in layer thickness and / or material in such a way that, viewed in reflected light and also transmitted light, it appears opaque to the human eye. However, it is also useful training in which the opaque layer viewed in the incident light opaque, but viewed in transmitted light appears translucent.

Vorzugsweise weist das Sicherheitsfolienelement mindestens eine semitransparente und/oder farbig transparente und/oder dielektrische Schicht auf, wobei die mindestens eine semitransparente und/oder farbig transparente und/oder dielektrische Schicht die zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen aufweist. Es lässt sich auch hier im Bereich der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen im Durchlicht ein Hell-Dunkel-Kontrast erzielen, der von einem Betrachter gut erkannt werden kann.The security film element preferably has at least one semitransparent and / or color-transparent and / or dielectric layer, wherein the at least one semitransparent and / or color-transparent and / or dielectric layer comprises the second group of microperforations. Here too, in the region of the second group of microperforations in transmitted light, a light-dark contrast can be achieved which can be well recognized by a viewer.

Es hat sich als günstig erwiesen, wenn die mindestens eine opake Schicht und die mindestens eine semitransparente und/oder farbig transparente und/oder dielektrische Schicht senkrecht zur Ebene des Sicherheitsfolienelements gesehen nebeneinander oder zumindest teilweise überlappend angeordnet sind. Es lassen sich dadurch besonders schwer nachahmbare Sicherheitsdokumente ausbilden, da die auslesbare Information sich aus unterschiedlichsten Mikroperforationen mit interessanten optischen Effekten zusammensetzen lässt. Dabei ist es auch möglich, dass eine opake Schicht und eine semitransparente und/oder dielektrische Schicht Bestandteil eines Dünnfilm-Interferenzschichtsystems mit blickwinkelabhängigem Farbwechseleffekt sind. Im Bereich der Mikroperforation wird dann das Auftreten des Farbwechseleffekts verhindert.It has proved to be favorable if the at least one opaque layer and the at least one semitransparent and / or colored transparent and / or dielectric layer are arranged perpendicular to the plane of the security film element, side by side or at least partially overlapping. It is thus possible to form security documents which are particularly hard to imitate, since the readable information can be composed of a wide variety of microperforations with interesting optical effects. It is also possible for an opaque layer and a semitransparent and / or dielectric layer to be part of a thin-film interference layer system with a viewing angle-dependent color change effect. In the area of microperforation then the appearance of the Color change effect prevented.

Es hat sich bewährt, wenn die erste Gruppe und die zweite Gruppe von Mikroperforationen senkrecht zur Ebene des Sicherheitsdokuments gesehen nicht oder lediglich teilweise deckungsgleich zueinander bzw. übereinander angeordnet sind. Eine derartige Anordnung der ersten und zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforation zueinander erhöht die Fälschungssicherheit besonders effektiv, da hier ein hohes Maß an Genauigkeit der Positionierung der Lage der ersten und zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen zueinander erforderlich ist. Im Bereich einer Übereinstimmung der ersten und zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen ist im Durchlicht eine besonders hell durchscheinende oder auch farbige Stelle ausbildbar.It has proven useful if the first group and the second group of microperforations perpendicular to the plane of the security document seen are not or only partially congruent to each other or arranged one above the other. Such an arrangement of the first and second group of micro-perforations to each other increases the security against counterfeiting particularly effective, since a high degree of accuracy of positioning the position of the first and second group of microperforations to each other is required. In the region of agreement of the first and second group of microperforations, a particularly bright translucent or even colored spot can be formed in transmitted light.

Die erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen im Trägersubstrat des Sicherheitsdokuments wird vorzugsweise mittels eines Lasers gebildet. Vorzugsweise ist auch die zweite Gruppe von Mikroperforationen mittels eines Lasers gebildet. Aber auch eine Bildung von Mikroperforationen durch ein Verfahren aus der Gruppe umfassend Stanzen, Bohren, Ätzen, Wasserstrahlschneiden oder elektrostatische Entladung ist möglich.The first group of microperforations in the carrier substrate of the security document is preferably formed by means of a laser. Preferably, the second group of microperforations is also formed by means of a laser. But also a formation of microperforations by a method from the group comprising stamping, drilling, etching, water jet cutting or electrostatic discharge is possible.

Mittels einer Laserperforation lassen sich Mikroperforationen ausbilden, die besonders fein sind, beispielsweise im Bereich von 50 bis 200 µm, die bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments im Auflicht durch das menschliche Auge nicht wahrgenommen werden können. Die Bildung feinster, nur im Durchlicht erkennbarer Perforationen mit diversen Umrissformen ist möglich, wobei auch eine gezielte Perforation lediglich einer einzelnen Schicht des Sicherheitsfolienelements inmitten des Folienverbunds ausgebildet werden kann, ohne dass weitere Schichten des Sicherheitsdokuments oder Sicherheitsfolienelements beeinträchtigt werden.By means of a laser perforation micro-perforations can be formed, which are particularly fine, for example in the range of 50 to 200 microns, which can not be perceived by the human eye when viewing the security document in reflected light. The formation of the finest, only in transmitted light recognizable perforations with various outline shapes is possible, with a targeted perforation of only a single layer of the security film element can be formed in the middle of the film composite without further layers of the security document or security film element are affected.

In Kombination zu den Mikroperforationen können weiterhin Makroperforationen im Trägersubstrat und/oder dem mindestens einen Sicherheitsfolienelement vorgesehen sein, deren Abmessungen so groß sind, dass diese bereits im Auflicht betrachtet erkennbar sind.In combination with the microperforations, macroperforations can furthermore be provided in the carrier substrate and / or the at least one security foil element, the dimensions of which are so large that they can already be seen viewed in reflected light.

Es ist von Vorteil, wenn mindestens eine der mindestens zwei Schichten des Sicherheitsfolienelements mindestens eine dritte Sicherheitskennzeichnung aufweist, die durch eine musterförmig oder partiell ausgebildete Schicht der mindestens zwei Schichten des mindestens einen Sicherheitsfolienelements gebildet ist. Die musterförmige oder partielle Ausgestaltung mindestens einer der Schichten des Sicherheitsfolienelements ermöglicht die Ausbildung von Zahlenfolgen, Texten, Bildern, Fotos, Symbolen, graphischen Mustern, Logos und ähnlichem, die einen hohen Wiedererkennungswert besitzen und aufgrund ihrer sichtbaren Abmessungen bereits im Auflicht für einen Betrachter gut erkennbar sind. Die Entfernung sichtbarer Bereiche erfolgt bevorzugt mittels Ätzens oder Laserablation.It is advantageous if at least one of the at least two layers of the security film element has at least one third security marking, which is formed by a pattern-shaped or partially formed layer of the at least two layers of the at least one security film element. The pattern-shaped or partial design of at least one of the layers of the security film element allows the formation of sequences of numbers, texts, images, photos, symbols, graphic patterns, logos and the like, which have a high recognition value and well visible due to their visible dimensions already in reflected light for a viewer are. The removal of visible areas preferably takes place by means of etching or laser ablation.

Die Herstellung von Mikroperforationen mittels Lasertechnik ist relativ kostenintensiv, da Laser sehr hoher Leistung erforderlich sind und die Positionierung des Laserstrahls oder des damit zu versehenden Dokuments hochgenau erfolgen muss. So können Punktraster von maximal 16 x 45 Mikroperforationen bezogen auf ein Sicherheitsdokument, wie beispielsweise eine Banknote, bei vertretbaren Kosten gebildet werden. Dabei werden Banknoten üblicherweise in Form von Bögen verarbeitet, wobei jeder Bogen näherungsweise 45 Banknoten umfasst. Eine gleichzeitige Perforation mehrerer Banknoten eines Bogens hat sich bewährt, wobei mehrere Laser zum Einsatz kommen, insbesondere ND:YAG-Laser. Die Verarbeitung der Bögen erfolgt bei einer Geschwindigkeit von üblicherweise 10000 Bögen pro Stunde. Die Ausbildung einer längeren Zahlenfolge allein aus Mikroperforationen, die durch einen Laser erzeugt werden, ist daher aufgrund der mangelhaften Auflösung bislang nur begrenzt möglich gewesen. Eine Kombination von Mikroperforationen mit einer derartigen dritten Sicherheitskennzeichnung ermögliche eine optisch ansprechendere Gestaltung von langen Zahlenfolgen, Fotos und dergleichen.The production of microperforations by means of laser technology is relatively expensive, since lasers of very high power are required and the positioning of the laser beam or the document to be provided must be highly accurate. Thus, dot screens of up to 16 x 45 microperforations relative to a security document, such as a banknote, can be formed at a reasonable cost. Banknotes are usually processed in the form of sheets, each sheet comprising approximately 45 banknotes. A simultaneous perforation of several banknotes of a sheet has proven itself, with several lasers are used, in particular ND: YAG laser. The processing of the sheets takes place at a speed of typically 10,000 sheets per hour. The formation of a longer sequence of numbers from microperforations, which are generated by a laser, is therefore due to the poor resolution so far only limited possible. A combination of microperforations with such a third security marking allows a more visually appealing design of long sequences of numbers, photos and the like.

Weiterhin hat es sich als günstig erwiesen, wenn das mindestens eine Sicherheitsfolienelement mindestens eine vierte Sicherheitskennzeichnung in Form eines optisch variablen Elements aufweist, insbesondere ein Hologramm, ein Kinegram®, ein diffraktives Bild oder Muster, ein Flüssigkristallmaterial, ein Dünnfilm-Interferenzschichtsystem mit blickwinkelabhängigem Farbwechseleffekt oder ein Beugungselement Nullter Ordnung. Die Herstellung von solchen Beugungselementen ist in " Optical Document Security", Second Edition, R.L. von Renesse, ISBN 0-89006-982-4, 1998, Kapitel 14.4.2 und 14.4.3 beschrieben. Optisch variable Elemente sind besonders schwierig nachahmbar und erfordern einen hohen technischen Aufwand. Die Fälschungssicherheit eines mit einem optisch variablen Element ausgestatteten Sicherheitsdokuments ist erheblich verbessert.Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the at least one security film element has at least one fourth security identification in the form of an optically variable element, in particular a hologram, a Kinegram ®, a diffractive image or pattern, a liquid crystal material, a thin-film interference layer system with blickwinkelabhängigem color change effect, or a diffraction element of zero order. The production of such diffractive elements is in " Optical Document Security ", Second Edition, RL by Renesse, ISBN 0-89006-982-4, 1998, chapters 14.4.2 and 14.4.3 described. Optically variable elements are particularly difficult to imitate and require a high technical effort. The security against forgery of a security document equipped with an optically variable element is considerably improved.

Zudem hat es sich bewährt, wenn das Sicherheitsdokument mindestens eine fünfte Sicherheitskennzeichnung in Form eines Sicherheitsdruckbildes oder eines Wasserzeichens aufweist. Es handelt sich bei dem Sicherheitsdruckbild insbesondere um einen haptisch erfassbaren Intagliodruck, einen Sicherheitsdruck hoher Auflösung oder dergleichen, welcher nur schwer nachahmbar ist. Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn das Sicherheitsdruckbild ein Intagliodruck ist und/oder ein Material aus der Gruppe der lumineszierenden, thermochromen, photochromen, magnetischen oder elektrisch leitenden Materialien aufweist.In addition, it has proven useful if the security document has at least a fifth security marking in the form of a security print image or a watermark. The security print image is in particular a haptically detectable intaglio print, a security print of high resolution or the like, which is difficult to imitate. It is particularly preferred if the security printed image is an intaglio print and / or has a material from the group of luminescent, thermochromic, photochromic, magnetic or electrically conductive materials.

Bevorzugt ist auch, wenn das Sicherheitsdruckbild senkrecht zur Ebene des Sicherheitsdokuments gesehen zumindest teilweise mit dem mindestens einen Sicherheitsfolienelement überlappt. Das Sicherheitsdruckbild kann sich dabei vom Betrachter aus gesehen in einer Ebene unterhalb und/oder oberhalb des Sicherheitsfolienelements befinden. Dabei können sich partiell ausgeformte Schichten des Sicherheitsfolienelements und das Sicherheitsdruckbild für den Betrachter zu einer einzigen Darstellung oder Teil-Darstellung, beispielsweise zu einer Zahlenfolge, einem Bild oder einem Foto ergänzen. Hierbei kann ein und derselbe Laser für die Einbringung der Mikroperforation in das Substrat und auch für das Einschreiben von Informationen verwendet werden, die sich wie gedruckte Informationen durch im Gegensatz zum Hintergrund in ihrer Farbe/Helligkeit veränderte Bereiche auszeichnen, beispielsweise indem dieser Laser in unterschiedlichen Betriebsbereichen (hohe Energie / niedrige Energie) betrieben wird.It is also preferred if the security printed image seen at right angles to the plane of the security document at least partially with the at least one Safety film element overlaps. The security print image can be seen by the viewer in a plane below and / or above the security film element. In this case, partially formed layers of the security film element and the security print image for the viewer can be supplemented to a single representation or partial representation, for example, to a sequence of numbers, an image or a photo. Hereby, one and the same laser can be used for the introduction of the microperforation into the substrate and also for the writing of information which, like printed information, is characterized by areas that are different in color / brightness compared to the background, for example by this laser in different operating ranges (high energy / low energy) is operated.

Es ist von Vorteil, wenn eine Position und/oder eine Form und/oder ein visuelles Erscheinungsbild der dritten Sicherheitskennzeichnung und/oder der vierten Sicherheitskennzeichnung und/oder der fünften Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf die Information abgestimmt ist, die sich aus der ersten und zweiten Gruppe von Mikroperforationen ergibt. Darunter ist zu verstehen, dass ein Betrachter die dritte Sicherheitskennzeichnung und/oder die vierte Sicherheitskennzeichnung und/oder die fünfte Sicherheitskennzeichnung als unmittelbar zur Information gehörend oder diese ergänzend ansieht oder einen weiteren Teil der Information bildet. Eine derartige Kombination von Sicherheitsmerkmalen ist nahezu nicht nachahmbar, so dass ein derart ausgebildetes Sicherheitsdokument besonders fälschungssicher ist.It is advantageous if a position and / or a shape and / or a visual appearance of the third security marking and / or the fourth security marker and / or the fifth security marker is matched to the information resulting from the first and second group of microperforations results. By this is meant that a viewer regards the third security tag and / or the fourth security tag and / or the fifth security tag as being directly related to the information or as supplementary information or forming another part of the information. Such a combination of security features is almost impossible to imitate, so that a security document designed in this way is particularly tamper-proof.

Es hat sich bewährt, wenn mindestens ein erstes Sicherheitsfolienelement auf die Oberfläche des Trägersubstrats aufgeprägt oder aufgeklebt ist. Dazu werden insbesondere hinreichend bekannte Transferfolien in Form von Prägefolien mit einer Trägerfolie und einer dünnen, von der Trägerfolie ablösbaren, nicht selbsttragenden Übertragungslage verwendet oder Laminierfolien eingesetzt. Die nicht selbsttragende Übertragungslage oder die selbsttragende Laminierfolie, welche das Sicherheitsfolienelement bilden, werden dabei mittels einer Kleberschicht, insbesondere einer Heißkleberschicht, am Trägersubstrat des Sicherheitsdokuments dauerhaft befestigt.It has proven useful if at least one first security film element is embossed or glued onto the surface of the carrier substrate. For this purpose, in particular sufficiently well-known transfer films in the form of stamping foils with a Carrier film and a thin, detachable from the carrier film, non-self-supporting transfer layer used or laminating used. The non-self-supporting transfer layer or the self-supporting laminating film, which form the security film element, are permanently attached to the carrier substrate of the security document by means of an adhesive layer, in particular a hot-melt adhesive layer.

Vorzugsweise ist mindestens ein zweites Sicherheitsfolienelement in das Trägersubstrat des Sicherheitsdokuments eingebettet, wobei das zweite Sicherheitsfolienelement zumindest auf einer Seite des Trägersubstrats zumindest bereichsweise sichtbar ist. Vorzugsweise ist das zweite Sicherheitsfolienelement faden- oder streifenförmig ausgebildet. Es kann sich hierbei um einen herkömmlichen Sicherheitsfaden handeln, der bereichsweise auf einer Seite oder insbesondere wechselweise auf beiden Seiten des Sicherheitsdokuments erkennbar ist.Preferably, at least one second security film element is embedded in the carrier substrate of the security document, wherein the second security film element is at least partially visible on at least one side of the carrier substrate. Preferably, the second security film element is thread-shaped or strip-shaped. This can be a conventional security thread, which can be recognized locally on one side or, in particular, alternately on both sides of the security document.

Weiterhin ist es von Vorteil, wenn das mindestens eine erste Sicherheitsfolienelement und/oder das mindestens eine zweite Sicherheitsfolienelement mindestens eine Fensteröffnung im Trägersubstrat überspannt. Dabei muss das Sicherheitsfolienelement mechanisch ausreichend stabil ausgebildet sein, um die üblichen Biege-, Knick- und Zug-Beanspruchungen des Sicherheitsdokuments unbeschadet zu überstehen.Furthermore, it is advantageous if the at least one first security film element and / or the at least one second security film element spans at least one window opening in the carrier substrate. In this case, the security film element must be mechanically stable sufficient to survive the usual bending, bending and tensile stresses of the security document without prejudice.

Bei dem Trägersubstrat handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein transluzentes Material, wie Papier, Kunststofffolie, ein Laminat aus Papier und/oder Kunststofffolien und dergleichen. Aber auch lichtundurchlässige Materialien, insbesondere solche mit einer transparenten oder semitransparenten Fensteröffnung, haben sich für das Trägersubstrat als geeignet erwiesen. Das mindestens eine Sicherheitsfolienelement ist hier insbesondere zumindest teilweise überlappend mit der Fensteröffnung angeordnet.The carrier substrate is preferably a translucent material, such as paper, plastic film, a laminate of paper and / or plastic films, and the like. But also opaque materials, especially those with a transparent or semi-transparent window opening, have been found to be suitable for the carrier substrate. The at least one security foil element is arranged here in particular at least partially overlapping with the window opening.

Die Dicke des Sicherheitsfolienelements ist vorzugsweise sehr viel kleiner als die Dicke des Trägersubstrats, insbesondere um mindestens 50 % kleiner, besonders bevorzugt um mindestens 90 % kleiner gewählt. Vorzugsweise ist das Sicherheitsfolienelement so dünn ausgebildet, dass dieses nicht selbsttragend ist. Dies ist insbesondere bei Sicherheitsfolienelementen der Fall, die mittels Transferfolientechnik auf das Trägersubstrat aufgebracht werden.The thickness of the security film element is preferably chosen to be much smaller than the thickness of the carrier substrate, in particular smaller by at least 50%, more preferably by at least 90%. Preferably, the security film element is formed so thin that it is not self-supporting. This is the case in particular with security film elements which are applied to the carrier substrate by means of transfer film technology.

Das Sicherheitsdokument ist dabei insbesondere eine Banknote, ein Lotterielos, ein Ticket, ein Ausweis, ein Pass, eine Bankkarte, eine Chipkarte, ein Etikett oder eine Urkunde.The security document is in particular a banknote, a lottery ticket, a ticket, a passport, a passport, a bank card, a chip card, a label or a certificate.

Die Aufgabe wird für das Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsdokuments mit folgenden Schritten gelöst:

  • Bereitstellen eines Trägersubstrats mit mindestens einem Sicherheitsfolienelement und
  • Bilden der ersten Gruppe und der zweiten Gruppe von Mikroperforationen mittels eines Lasers.
The object is achieved for the method for producing a security document according to the invention with the following steps:
  • Providing a carrier substrate with at least one security film element and
  • Forming the first group and the second group of microperforations by means of a laser.

Dabei hat es sich bewährt, wenn eine Längsachse von Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen senkrecht zur Ebene des Trägersubstrats im Trägersubstrat ausgebildet wird und/oder wenn eine Längsachse von Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen nicht senkrecht zur Ebene des Trägersubstrats im Trägersubstrat ausgebildet wird.In this case, it has proven useful if a longitudinal axis of microperforations of the first group of microperforations perpendicular to the plane of the carrier substrate is formed in the carrier substrate and / or if a longitudinal axis of microperforations of the first group of microperforations is not formed perpendicular to the plane of the carrier substrate in the carrier substrate.

Vorzugsweise werden die erste Gruppe und die zweite Gruppe von Mikroperforationen senkrecht zur Ebene des Sicherheitsdokuments gesehen nicht oder lediglich teilweise deckungsgleich zueinander gebildet.Preferably, the first group and the second group of microperforations perpendicular to the plane of the security document seen are not formed or only partially congruent to each other.

Die Figuren 1a bis 9 sollen das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitsdokument beispielhaft erläutern. So zeigt:

Figur 1a
ein erstes Sicherheitsdokument in der Draufsicht,
Figur 1b
das erste Sicherheitsdokument gemäß Figur 1 a im Querschnitt A - A',
Figur 2a
ein zweites Sicherheitsdokument in der Draufsicht,
Figur 2b
das zweite Sicherheitsdokument gemäß Figur 2a im Querschnitt B - B',
Figur 3a
ein drittes Sicherheitsdokument in der Draufsicht,
Figur 3b
das dritte Sicherheitsdokument gemäß Figur 3a im Querschnitt C - C',
Figur 4a
ein viertes Sicherheitsdokument in der Draufsicht,
Figur 4b
das vierte Sicherheitsdokument gemäß Figur 4a im Querschnitt D - D',
Figur 5a
ein fünftes Sicherheitsdokument in der Draufsicht,
Figur 5b
das fünfte Sicherheitsdokument gemäß Figur 5a im Querschnitt E - E',
Figur 6a
ein sechstes Sicherheitsdokument in der Draufsicht,
Figur 6b
das sechste Sicherheitsdokument gemäß Figur 6a im Querschnitt F - F',
Figur 7a
ein siebtes Sicherheitsdokument in der Draufsicht,
Figur 7b
das siebente Sicherheitsdokument gemäß Figur 7a im Querschnitt H - H',
Figur 8a
ein achtes Sicherheitsdokument in der Draufsicht,
Figur 8b
das achte Sicherheitsdokument gemäß Figur 8a im Querschnitt K - K',
Figur 9
ein neuntes Sicherheitsdokument in der Draufsicht, und
Figur 10
ein weiteres Sicherheitsdokument im Querschnitt.
The FIGS. 1a to 9 intended to exemplify the security document according to the invention. So shows:
FIG. 1a
a first security document in plan view,
FIG. 1b
the first security document according to FIG. 1 a in cross section A - A ',
FIG. 2a
a second security document in plan view,
FIG. 2b
the second security document according to FIG. 2a in cross section B - B ',
FIG. 3a
a third security document in plan view,
FIG. 3b
the third security document according to FIG. 3a in cross-section C - C ',
FIG. 4a
a fourth security document in plan view,
FIG. 4b
the fourth security document according to FIG. 4a in cross section D - D ',
FIG. 5a
a fifth security document in plan view,
FIG. 5b
the fifth security document according to FIG. 5a in cross section E - E ',
FIG. 6a
a sixth security document in plan view,
FIG. 6b
the sixth security document according to FIG. 6a in cross section F - F ',
Figure 7a
a seventh security document in plan view,
FIG. 7b
the seventh security document according to Figure 7a in cross section H - H ',
FIG. 8a
an eighth security document in plan view,
FIG. 8b
the eighth security document according to FIG. 8a in cross section K - K ',
FIG. 9
a ninth security document in plan view, and
FIG. 10
another security document in cross-section.

Figur 1a zeigt ein erstes Sicherheitsdokument 1 in der Draufsicht, das ein Trägersubstrat 1a aus Papier und ein darauf aufgebrachtes Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 aufweist. Das Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 weist zwei Schichten 2a, 2b auf (siehe Figur 1 b), wobei die Schicht 2a als Heißkleberschicht und die Schicht 2b als im Auflicht opak erscheinende Schicht aus Metall ausgebildet ist. Die als Heißkleberschicht ausgebildete Schicht 2a dient zur Befestigung des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 am Trägersubstrat 1a. Das Trägersubstrat 1a weist eine erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a gebildet ist. Die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar, während die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht (oder schwer) sichtbar ist. FIG. 1a shows a first security document 1 in plan view, which has a carrier substrate 1a made of paper and a security film element 2 applied thereto. The security film element 2 has two layers 2a, 2b (see FIG. 1 b) , wherein the layer 2a is formed as a hot-melt adhesive layer and the layer 2b as a layer of metal which appears opaque in incident light. The layer 2a designed as a hot-melt adhesive layer serves for fastening the security-foil element 2 to the carrier substrate 1a. The carrier substrate 1a has a first security marking, which is formed by a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a. When the security document 1 is viewed in transmitted light, the first security marking is visible visually, ie with the unaided human eye, while the first safety marking is not (or hardly) visible in reflected light.

Im Durchlicht gesehen ist die Schicht 2b aus Metall so lichtdurchlässig, dass die damit überlappenden Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 (unter guten Lichtbedingungen) deutlich erkennbar sind. Die aus Metall gebildete Schicht 2b des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 weist eine zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 in der Schicht 2b gebildet ist. Die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist ebenfalls bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht (und nur dann) visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar, während die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist. Dabei bilden im Durchlicht gesehen die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung und die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung zusammen eine Information, hier in Form des Zahlenwerts "100". Dabei ist die erste Ziffer "1" des Zahlenwerts "100" lediglich aus Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 gebildet. Die zweite Ziffer "0" des Zahlenwerts "100" ist aus Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 sowie aus Mikroperforationen der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 zusammengesetzt. Die letzte Ziffer "0" des Zahlenwerts "100" ist lediglich aus Mikroperforationen der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 gebildet. Die im Durchlicht erkennbare Intensität des Lichts im Bereich der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 kann über eine gezielte Auswahl des Durchmessers oder der Breite der Mikroperforationen 4 der zweiten Gruppe auch im Bereich der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 erzielt werden, so dass die Information im Bereich der "1" und der zweiten "0" im Durchlicht gesehen gleich hell erscheint. Die lagegenaue Positionierung der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a und der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 am Sicherheitsfolienelement 2, so dass die Information in Form des Zahlenwerts "100" ausgebildet wird, ist schwer nachahmbar und daher besonders fälschungssicher.Seen in transmitted light, the layer 2b made of metal is so transparent that the overlapping microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3 (under good lighting conditions) are clearly visible. The metal-formed layer 2b of the security film element 2 has a second security marking, which is formed by a second group of microperforations 4 in the layer 2b. The second security marking is also visible when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light (and only then) visually, ie with the unaided human eye, while the second security marking is not visible in incident light. In this case, seen in the transmitted light form the first safety marking and the second safety marking together information, here in the form of the numerical value "100". In this case, the first digit "1" of the numerical value "100" is formed only from microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3. The second digit "0" of the numerical value "100" is composed of microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3 and of microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4. The last digit "0" of the numerical value "100" is formed only of microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4. The intensity of the light detectable in transmitted light in the region of the first group of microperforations 3 can also be achieved in the region of the second group of microperforations 4 via a specific selection of the diameter or the width of the microperforations 4 of the second group, so that the information in the region of "1" and the second "0" seen in the transmitted light appears bright. The positionally accurate positioning of the first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a and the second group of microperforations 4 am Security film element 2, so that the information in the form of the numerical value "100" is formed, is difficult to imitate and therefore particularly forgery-proof.

Figur 1b zeigt das Sicherheitsdokument 1 aus Figur 1a im Querschnitt A - A'. Es ist zu erkennen, dass die erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a derart angeordnet ist, dass ein Teil der Mikroperforationen mit dem Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 überlappt. FIG. 1b shows the security document 1 FIG. 1a in cross-section A - A '. It can be seen that the first group of microperforations 3 is arranged in the carrier substrate 1 a such that a part of the microperforations overlaps with the security film element 2.

Figur 2a zeigt ein zweites Sicherheitsdokument 1 in der Draufsicht, das ein Trägersubstrat 1a aus Papier und ein darauf aufgebrachtes Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 aufweist. Das Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 weist zwei Schichten 2a, 2b auf (siehe Figur 2b), wobei die Schicht 2a als Heißkleberschicht und die Schicht 2b aus Aluminium ausgebildet ist. Im Durchlicht gesehen ist die Schicht 2b aus Aluminium lichtundurchlässig. Die Schicht 2b weist eine hier nicht gesondert dargestellte diffraktive Reliefstruktur auf, die einen optisch variablen Effekt in Form eines Hologramms oder eines Kinegram®s ausbildet. Die als Heißkleberschicht ausgebildete Schicht 2a dient zur Befestigung des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 am Trägersubstrat 1a. Das Trägersubstrat 1a weist eine erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a gebildet ist. Die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar während die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist. Die aus Aluminium gebildete Schicht 2b des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 weist eine zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 in der Schicht 2b gebildet ist. Die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist ebenfalls bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar, während die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist. Die Mikroperforationen weisen sämtlich eine ovale Form auf, wobei die Längendimension a des Ovals im Bereich von 100 bis 200 µm liegt und die Breitendimension b des Ovals im Bereich von 100 bis 130 µm liegt. FIG. 2a shows a second security document 1 in plan view, which has a carrier substrate 1a made of paper and a security film element 2 applied thereto. The security film element 2 has two layers 2a, 2b (see FIG. 2b ), wherein the layer 2a is formed as a hot-melt adhesive layer and the layer 2b made of aluminum. Seen in transmitted light, the layer 2b of aluminum is opaque. The layer 2b has a diffractive relief structure not shown separately here, which forms an optically variable effect in the form of a hologram or a Kinegram®. The layer 2a designed as a hot-melt adhesive layer serves for fastening the security-foil element 2 to the carrier substrate 1a. The carrier substrate 1a has a first security marking, which is formed by a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a. When viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, the first security marking is visible visually, ie with the unaided human eye, recognizable while the first security marking is not visible in incident light. The aluminum-formed layer 2b of the security film element 2 has a second security marking, which is formed by a second group of microperforations 4 in the layer 2b. The second security marking is also visible when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, ie with the unaided human eye, while the second security marking is not visible in incident light. The microperforations all have an oval shape on, wherein the length dimension a of the oval is in the range of 100 to 200 microns and the width dimension b of the oval in the range of 100 to 130 microns.

Dabei bilden im Durchlicht gesehen die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung und die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung zusammen eine Information in Form eines regelmäßigen Punktrasters. Dabei ist die erste Spalte des Punktrasters lediglich aus Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 gebildet. Die zweite Spalte des Punktrasters ist aus Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 sowie aus Mikroperforationen der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 gebildet, die deckungsgleich übereinander angeordnet sind (siehe Figur 2b). Die letzte Spalte des Punktrasters ist lediglich aus Mikroperforationen der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 gebildet. Die lagegenaue Positionierung der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a und der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 am Sicherheitsfolienelement 2, so dass die Information in Form des regelmäßigen Punktrasters ausgebildet wird, ist schwer nachahmbar und daher besonders fälschungssicher. Die Schicht 2b aus Aluminium kann weiterhin partiell derart entfernt sein, so dass sich bereits im Auflicht eine dritte Sicherheitskennzeichnung in Form eines Schriftzugs, Symbols, Musters oder dergleichen zeigt. Eine partielle Entfernung von reflektiven Schichten von Sicherheitsfolienelementen ist im Bereich der Sicherheitstechnik hinreichend bekannt.In this case, seen in transmitted light form the first security marking and the second security marking together information in the form of a regular dot matrix. In this case, the first column of the dot matrix is formed only from microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3. The second column of the dot matrix is formed from microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3 and microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4, which are arranged congruently one above the other (see FIG. 2b ). The last column of the dot matrix is formed only of microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4. The positionally accurate positioning of the first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a and the second group of microperforations 4 on the security film element 2, so that the information is formed in the form of the regular dot matrix is difficult to imitate and therefore particularly tamper-proof. The layer 2b made of aluminum can also be partially removed in this way, so that a third security marking in the form of a lettering, symbol, pattern or the like already appears in reflected light. A partial removal of reflective layers of security film elements is well known in the field of security technology.

Dabei ist es weiter möglich, dass ein oder mehrere oder sämtliche der Mikroperforationen, d.h. auch Mikroperforationen, die lediglich das Trägersubstrat durchdringen, die die Metallschicht und das Trägersubstrat durchdringen und die nur die Metallschicht durchdringen, mit demselben Laser oder mehreren koaxial arbeitenden Lasern gleichen Typs nach der Applizierung des Folienelements auf das Substrat gefertigt werden. Die Parameter des Lasers, beispielsweise die Energiedichte und die Pulslänge, werden hier für die unterschiedlichen Typen von Mikroperforationen unterschiedlich gewählt, um so die unterschiedlichen Mikroperforationen zu generieren.In this case, it is also possible for one or more or all of the microperforations, ie also microperforations, which only penetrate the carrier substrate, which penetrate the metal layer and the carrier substrate and penetrate only the metal layer, to follow with the same laser or several coaxially operating lasers of the same type the application of the film element are made on the substrate. The parameters of the laser, for example the Energy density and pulse length, are chosen differently for the different types of microperforations, so as to generate the different microperforations.

Figur 2b zeigt das Sicherheitsdokument 1 aus Figur 2a im Querschnitt B - B'. Es ist zu erkennen, dass die erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a derart angeordnet ist, dass ein Teil der Mikroperforationen mit Mikroperforationen im Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 unmittelbar überlappt. FIG. 2b shows the security document 1 FIG. 2a in cross section B - B '. It can be seen that the first group of microperforations 3 is arranged in the carrier substrate 1a in such a way that a part of the microperforations overlaps directly with microperforations in the security film element 2.

Figur 3a zeigt ein drittes Sicherheitsdokument 1 in der Draufsicht, das ein Trägersubstrat 1a aus transluzentem Kunststoff und ein darauf aufgebrachtes Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 aufweist. Das Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 weist zwei Schichten 2a, 2b auf (siehe Figur 3b), wobei die Schicht 2a als Heißkleberschicht und die Schicht 2b aus Metall ausgebildet ist. Im Durchlicht gesehen ist die Schicht 2b lichtundurchlässig. Die Schicht 2b weist eine vierte Sicherheitskennzeichnung in Form eines optisch variablen Elements auf, das durch eine diffraktive Reliefstruktur 5, die einen optisch variablen Effekt in Form eines Kinegram®s zeigt, gebildet ist. Die als Heißkleberschicht ausgebildete Schicht 2a dient zur Befestigung des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 am Trägersubstrat 1a. Das Trägersubstrat 1a weist eine erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a gebildet ist. Die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar, während die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist. Die aus Metall gebildete Schicht 2b des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 weist eine zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 in der Schicht 2b gebildet ist. Die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist ebenfalls bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar, während die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist. Dabei bilden im Durchlicht gesehen die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung und die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung zusammen eine Information, hier in Form des Zahlenwerts "100". Dabei ist die erste Ziffer "1" des Zahlenwerts "100" lediglich aus Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 gebildet. Die zweite Ziffer "0" des Zahlenwerts "100" ist aus Mikroperforationen der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 gebildet. Die letzte Ziffer "0" des Zahlenwerts "100" ist ebenfalls aus Mikroperforationen der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 gebildet. Die lagegenaue Positionierung der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a und der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 am Sicherheitsfolienelement 2, so dass die Information in Form des Zahlenwerts "100" ausgebildet wird, ist schwer nachahmbar und daher besonders fälschungssicher. FIG. 3a shows a third security document 1 in plan view, which has a carrier substrate 1a made of translucent plastic and a safety film element 2 applied thereto. The security film element 2 has two layers 2a, 2b (see FIG. 3b ), wherein the layer 2a is formed as a hot-melt adhesive layer and the layer 2b made of metal. Seen in transmitted light, the layer 2b is opaque. The layer 2b has a fourth security marking in the form of an optically variable element, which is formed by a diffractive relief structure 5, which shows an optically variable effect in the form of a Kinegram®. The layer 2a designed as a hot-melt adhesive layer serves for fastening the security-foil element 2 to the carrier substrate 1a. The carrier substrate 1a has a first security marking, which is formed by a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a. When viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, the first security marking is recognizable visually, ie with the unaided human eye, while the first security marking is not visible in incident light. The metal-formed layer 2b of the security film element 2 has a second security marking, which is formed by a second group of microperforations 4 in the layer 2b. The second safety marking is also in a consideration of the Security document 1 in transmitted light visually, ie with the unaided human eye, recognizable, while the second security marking is not visible in incident light. In this case, seen in the transmitted light form the first safety marking and the second safety marking together information, here in the form of the numerical value "100". In this case, the first digit "1" of the numerical value "100" is formed only from microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3. The second digit "0" of the numerical value "100" is formed from microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4. The last digit "0" of the numerical value "100" is also formed from microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4. The positionally accurate positioning of the first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a and the second group of microperforations 4 on the security film element 2, so that the information is formed in the form of the numerical value "100", is difficult to imitate and therefore particularly tamper-proof.

Figur 3b zeigt das Sicherheitsdokument 1 aus Figur 3a im Querschnitt C - C'. Es ist zu erkennen, dass die erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a neben dem Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 enthaltend die zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 angeordnet ist. Falls hierbei die Mikroperforationen mittels eines Lasers nach Applizierung des Folienelements auf das Trägersubstrat eingebracht worden sind, wie dies oben beschrieben worden ist, so sind die Gruppen von Mikroperforationen mit hoher Genauigkeit registergenau zueinander angeordnet. FIG. 3b shows the security document 1 FIG. 3a in cross section C - C '. It can be seen that the first group of microperforations 3 is arranged in the carrier substrate 1a next to the security film element 2 containing the second group of microperforations 4. If, in this case, the microperforations have been introduced by means of a laser after application of the film element to the carrier substrate, as has been described above, then the groups of microperforations are arranged in register with each other with high accuracy.

Figur 4a zeigt ein viertes Sicherheitsdokument 1 in der Draufsicht, das zusätzlich zu den bereits in den Figuren 1a und 1b gezeigten Merkmalen (siehe zugehörige Beschreibung) eine fünfte Sicherheitskennzeichnung in Form eines Sicherheitsdruckbildes 6 aufweist. Das Sicherheitsdruckbild 6 zeigt den, in filigranen Linien gedruckten Zahlenwert "100", der im Abstimmung zu der aus der ersten und der zweiten Sicherheitskennzeichnung gebildeten Information positioniert ist und so einen weiteren Teil der Information ausbildet. Die Information "100" setzt sich somit zusammen aus der ersten Sicherheitskennzeichnung in Form der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a und der zweiten Sicherheitskennzeichnung in Form der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 in der Schicht 2b des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 sowie dem Sicherheitsdruckbild 6. Eine Nachahmung der Information, welche durch diese Kombination an Sicherheitskennzeichnungen gebildet ist, bei gleichzeitig lagerichtiger Positionierung zueinander, ist besonders schwierig. FIG. 4a shows a fourth security document 1 in plan view, in addition to those already in the FIGS. 1a and 1b shown features (see related description) has a fifth security marking in the form of a security print image 6. The security print image 6 shows the printed in filigree lines numerical value "100", in agreement with that from the first and The second security identifier is positioned information and thus forms another part of the information. The information "100" is thus composed of the first security marking in the form of the first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a and the second security marking in the form of the second group of microperforations 4 in the layer 2b of the security film element 2 and the security printed image 6. An imitation The information, which is formed by this combination of safety markings, at the same time positionally correct positioning each other, is particularly difficult.

Figur 4b zeigt das Sicherheitsdokument 1 aus Figur 4a im Querschnitt D - D'. FIG. 4b shows the security document 1 FIG. 4a in cross-section D - D '.

Figur 5a zeigt ein fünftes Sicherheitsdokument 1 in der Draufsicht, das ein Trägersubstrat 1a aus Papier und ein darauf aufgebrachtes Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 aufweist. Das Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 weist drei Schichten 2a, 2b, 2c auf (siehe Figur 5b), wobei die Schicht 2a als Heißkleberschicht, die Schicht 2b aus Aluminium und die Schicht 2c als farblos transparente Lackschicht ausgebildet ist. Im Durchlicht gesehen ist die Schicht 2b aus Aluminium lichtdurchlässig. Die Schicht 2b weist eine hier nicht gesondert dargestellte diffraktive Reliefstruktur auf, die eine vierte Sicherheitskennzeichnung in Form eines Hologramms oder eines Kinegram®s ausbildet. Die als Heißkleberschicht ausgebildete Schicht 2a dient zur Befestigung des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 am Trägersubstrat 1a. Das Trägersubstrat 1a weist eine erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a gebildet ist. Die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar während die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist. Die aus Aluminium gebildete Schicht 2b des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 weist eine zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4, 4a in der Schicht 2b gebildet ist. Weiter ist es auch möglich, dass die Mikroperforationen im Gegensatz zu der in Fig. 5b gezeigten Darstellung lediglich in der Schicht 2b, d.h. in der Metallschicht, gebildet sind und die diese Schicht umgebende Schichten, beispielsweise die Schichten 2a und 2c, nicht oder nur geringfügig perforiert sind. Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass dies durch eine geeignete Einstellung der Betriebsparameter des Lasers erzielt werden kann. Hierdurch kann erreicht werden, dass der Laserstrahl die Metallschicht (beispielsweise durch Verdampfen und/oder punktweises Aufschmelzen) perforiert und so eine Mikroperforation in der Metallschicht generiert, dass jedoch die darüber liegende Kunststoffschicht(en) im wesentlichen intakt bleiben und so an der bestrahlten Stelle keine Mikroperforation in diesen Schichten ausgebildet wird. Hierdurch bleibt die über der Metallschicht angeordnete Kunststoffschicht weitgehend intakt und kann so weiter die Funktion einer Schutzschicht für die darunter liegenden Schichten erbringen. FIG. 5a shows a fifth security document 1 in plan view, which has a carrier substrate 1a made of paper and a security film element 2 applied thereto. The security film element 2 has three layers 2a, 2b, 2c (see FIG. 5b ), wherein the layer 2a is formed as a hot-melt adhesive layer, the layer 2b made of aluminum and the layer 2c as a colorless transparent lacquer layer. Seen in transmitted light, the layer 2b made of aluminum is translucent. The layer 2b has a diffractive relief structure not shown separately here, which forms a fourth security marking in the form of a hologram or a Kinegram®. The layer 2a designed as a hot-melt adhesive layer serves for fastening the security-foil element 2 to the carrier substrate 1a. The carrier substrate 1a has a first security marking, which is formed by a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a. When viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, the first security marking is visible visually, ie with the unaided human eye, recognizable while the first security marking is not visible in incident light. The layer 2b of the security film element 2 formed from aluminum has a second one Safety marking, which is formed by a second group of microperforations 4, 4a in the layer 2b. Furthermore, it is also possible that the microperforations in contrast to those in Fig. 5b shown only in the layer 2b, ie in the metal layer, are formed and the layers surrounding this layer, for example, the layers 2a and 2c, not or only slightly perforated. Studies have shown that this can be achieved by a suitable adjustment of the operating parameters of the laser. In this way it can be achieved that the laser beam perforates the metal layer (for example by evaporation and / or pointwise melting) and thus generates a microperforation in the metal layer, but that the overlying plastic layer (s) remain essentially intact and thus no longer at the irradiated point Microperforation is formed in these layers. As a result, the plastic layer arranged above the metal layer remains largely intact and can thus continue to function as a protective layer for the underlying layers.

Beispielsweise werden bei einer Heißprägefolie mit einer Metallschicht aus Aluminium mit einer Schichtdicke von 40 nm insbesondere ND:YAG-Laser eingesetzt (mit einer Wellenlänge von 1,06 µm), um die Metallschicht zu perforieren. Eine Perforation lediglich der Metallschicht und ohne Beeinträchtigung weiterer, die Metallschicht umschließender Schichten ist mit folgenden Laserparametern möglich: Pulsfrequenz : 40 kHz Laserstrahldurchmesser : 40 µm Ansteuerungsstromstärke : 18 - 20 A For example, in a hot stamping foil with a metal layer of aluminum with a layer thickness of 40 nm, in particular ND: YAG lasers are used (with a wavelength of 1.06 μm) in order to perforate the metal layer. A perforation of only the metal layer and without affecting further, the metal layer enclosing layers is possible with the following laser parameters: pulse rate : 40 kHz Laser beam diameter : 40 μm Drive current strength : 18-20 a

Um eine Beschriftung eines Trägersubstrats mittels des gleichen Lasers vorzunehmen, ist in etwa die doppelte Energiemenge notwendig.To make a label of a carrier substrate by means of the same laser, about twice the amount of energy is necessary.

Die zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4, 4a bildet einerseits eine zusammenhängende, dünne Linie mit der Umrissform des Zahlenwertes "1" und weiterhin ein Punktraster. Die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar, während die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist.The second group of microperforations 4, 4a on the one hand forms a continuous, thin line with the outline of the numerical value "1" and also a dot matrix. The second security marking is visual when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, i. with the unarmed human eye, recognizable, while the second safety marking is not visible in incident light.

Dabei bilden im Durchlicht gesehen die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung und die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung zusammen eine Information in Form einer "1" mit einer Umrisslinie, innerhalb der sich ein Punktraster befindet.
Die lagegenaue Positionierung der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a und der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4, 4a am Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 ist schwer nachahmbar und daher besonders fälschungssicher. Die Schicht 2b aus Aluminium ist weiterhin partiell derart entfernt, dass sich bereits im Auflicht eine dritte Sicherheitskennzeichnung in Form eines metallisch glänzenden Fünfecks und zweimal der Schriftzug "MUSTER" zeigt.In this case, seen in transmitted light form the first security marking and the second security marking together information in the form of a "1" with an outline within which a dot matrix is located.
The positionally accurate positioning of the first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a and the second group of microperforations 4, 4a on the security film element 2 is difficult to imitate and therefore particularly tamper-proof. The layer 2b of aluminum is further partially removed in such a way that already in reflected light shows a third security marking in the form of a shiny metallic pentagon and twice the words "PATTERN".

Figur 5b zeigt das Sicherheitsdokument 1 aus Figur 5a im Querschnitt E - E'. Die erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a ist derart angeordnet, dass diese sich innerhalb der Linie der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4, 4a und unmittelbar über dem Punktraster befinden. FIG. 5b shows the security document 1 FIG. 5a in cross section E - E '. The first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a is arranged such that they are located within the line of the second group of microperforations 4, 4a and immediately above the dot matrix.

Figur 6a zeigt ein sechstes Sicherheitsdokument 1 in der Draufsicht, das ein Trägersubstrat 1a aus Papier und ein darauf aufgebrachtes Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 aufweist. Das Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 weist drei Schichten 2a, 2b, 2d auf (siehe Figur 6b), wobei die Schicht 2a als Heißkleberschicht, die Schicht 2b als opake Schicht aus Metall und die Schicht 2d als semitransparente dielektrische Schicht aus ZnS ausgebildet ist. Weiter ist es auch möglich, dass die (semi-)transparente dielektrische Schicht, also die Schicht 2d, nicht neben der metallischen Schicht, d.h. der Schicht 2b, vorgesehen ist, sondern die dielektrische Schicht unterhalb oder oberhalb der metallischen Schicht vorgesehen ist und die metallische Schicht mindestens bereichsweise überlagert. Die als Heißkleberschicht ausgebildete Schicht 2a dient zur Befestigung des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 am Trägersubstrat 1a. Das Trägersubstrat 1a weist eine erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a gebildet ist. Die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar, während die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist. FIG. 6a shows a sixth security document 1 in plan view, which shows a carrier substrate 1a made of paper and a security film element applied thereto 2 has. The security film element 2 has three layers 2a, 2b, 2d (see FIG. 6b ), wherein the layer 2a is formed as a hot-melt adhesive layer, the layer 2b as an opaque layer of metal and the layer 2d as a semitransparent dielectric layer of ZnS. Furthermore, it is also possible that the (semi-) transparent dielectric layer, ie the layer 2d, is not provided next to the metallic layer, ie the layer 2b, but the dielectric layer is provided below or above the metallic layer and the metallic one Layer at least partially superimposed. The layer 2a designed as a hot-melt adhesive layer serves for fastening the security-foil element 2 to the carrier substrate 1a. The carrier substrate 1a has a first security marking, which is formed by a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a. When viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, the first security marking is recognizable visually, ie with the unaided human eye, while the first security marking is not visible in incident light.

Im Durchlicht gesehen ist die Schicht 2b aus Metall lichtundurchlässig. Die aus Metall gebildete Schicht 2b des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 weist eine zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 in der Schicht 2b gebildet ist. Die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist ebenfalls bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar, während die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist. Die dielektrische Schicht 2d des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 weist eine weitere zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine weitere zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4' in der Schicht 2d gebildet ist. Die weitere zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist ebenfalls bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar, während die weitere zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist.Seen in transmitted light, the layer 2b of metal is opaque. The metal-formed layer 2b of the security film element 2 has a second security marking, which is formed by a second group of microperforations 4 in the layer 2b. The second security marking is also visible when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, ie with the unaided human eye, while the second security marking is not visible in incident light. The dielectric layer 2d of the security film element 2 has a further second security marking, which is formed by a further second group of microperforations 4 'in the layer 2d. The further second security marking is also visually when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, ie with the unarmed human eye, recognizable, while the further second safety marking is not visible in incident light.

Vorzugsweise ist die weitere zweite Gruppe von Mikroperforationen 4' nicht nur in der Schicht 2d gebildet, sondern durch eine erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen im Trägersubstrat 1a überlagert. Hierdurch wird der Kontrast des Sicherheitsmerkmals im Durchlicht weiter erhöht.Preferably, the further second group of microperforations 4 'is not only formed in the layer 2d, but superimposed by a first group of microperforations in the carrier substrate 1a. As a result, the contrast of the security feature in transmitted light is further increased.

Dabei bilden im Durchlicht gesehen die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung, die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung und die weitere zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung zusammen eine Information, hier in Form des Zahlenwerts "100". Dabei ist die erste Ziffer "1" des Zahlenwerts "100" lediglich aus Mikroperforationen der weiteren zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4' gebildet. Die zweite Ziffer "0" des Zahlenwerts "100" ist aus Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 sowie aus Mikroperforationen der weiteren zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4' zusammengesetzt. Die letzte Ziffer "0" des Zahlenwerts "100" ist lediglich aus Mikroperforationen der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 gebildet. Die lagegenaue Positionierung der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a, der weiteren zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4' und der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 am Sicherheitsfolienelement 2, so dass die Information in Form des Zahlenwerts "100" ausgebildet wird, ist schwer nachahmbar und daher besonders fälschungssicher. Die dielektrische Schicht 2d des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 ist weiterhin in den Bereichen 7 zur Bildung einer dritten Sicherheitskennzeichnung entfernt, so dass im Auflicht sichtbar die Zahl "1" und ein Stern ausgebildet sind.In this case, seen in transmitted light form the first security marking, the second security marking and the other second security marking together information, here in the form of the numerical value "100". In this case, the first digit "1" of the numerical value "100" is formed only from microperforations of the further second group of microperforations 4 '. The second digit "0" of the numerical value "100" is composed of microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3 and of microperforations of the further second group of microperforations 4 '. The last digit "0" of the numerical value "100" is formed only of microperforations of the second group of microperforations 4. The positionally accurate positioning of the first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a, the further second group of microperforations 4 'and the second group of microperforations 4 on the security film element 2, so that the information is formed in the form of the numerical value "100", is difficult to imitate and therefore particularly forgery-proof. The dielectric layer 2d of the security film element 2 is further removed in the regions 7 for forming a third security marking, so that the number "1" and a star are formed visibly in incident light.

Die durch den Bereich 7 gebildete dritte Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist hierbei im Auflicht sichtbar. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel, in dem die Schichten 2d oder 2b ein diffraktives Oberflächenrelief abgeformt ist oder in eine an diese Schicht angrenzende Schicht ein derartiges Oberflächenrelief abgeformt ist, welches beispielsweise ein Kinegram® generiert, wird die dritte Sicherheitskennzeichnung durch die "Inaktivität" des Kinegram®s in dem Bereich 7 dem Betrachter sichtbar.The third security marking formed by the area 7 is visible here in incident light. In the embodiment in which the layers 2d or 2b a If the diffractive surface relief is molded or such a surface relief is formed in a layer adjoining this layer, which for example generates a Kinegram®, the third security marking becomes visible to the viewer through the "inactivity" of the Kinegram® in the region 7.

Figur 6b zeigt das Sicherheitsdokument 1 aus Figur 6a im Querschnitt F - F'. Es ist zu erkennen, dass die erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a unterhalb des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 angeordnet ist. FIG. 6b shows the security document 1 FIG. 6a in cross section F - F '. It can be seen that the first group of microperforations 3 is arranged in the carrier substrate 1a below the security film element 2.

Figur 7a zeigt ein siebtes Sicherheitsdokument 1 in der Draufsicht, das ein Trägersubstrat 1a aus Papier und ein darauf aufgebrachtes Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 aufweist. Das Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 weist drei Schichten 2a, 2b, 2d auf (siehe Figur 7b), wobei die Schicht 2a als Heißkleberschicht, die Schicht 2b als opake Schicht aus Metall und die Schicht 2d als transparente dielektrische Schicht aus einem hochbrechenden Material, beispielsweise aus ZnO, TiO2 oder ZnS ausgebildet ist. Die als Heißkleberschicht ausgebildete Schicht 2a dient zur Befestigung des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 am Trägersubstrat 1a. Das Trägersubstrat 1a weist eine erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a gebildet ist. Die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar, während die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist. Figure 7a shows a seventh security document 1 in plan view, which has a carrier substrate 1a made of paper and a security film element 2 applied thereto. The security film element 2 has three layers 2a, 2b, 2d (see FIG. 7b ), wherein the layer 2a as a hot-melt adhesive layer, the layer 2b as an opaque layer of metal and the layer 2d is formed as a transparent dielectric layer of a high refractive index material, for example ZnO, TiO 2 or ZnS. The layer 2a designed as a hot-melt adhesive layer serves for fastening the security-foil element 2 to the carrier substrate 1a. The carrier substrate 1a has a first security marking, which is formed by a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a. When viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, the first security marking is recognizable visually, ie with the unaided human eye, while the first security marking is not visible in incident light.

Im Durchlicht gesehen ist die Schicht 2b aus Metall lichtundurchlässig und weist eine zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4a (linienförmig) in der Schicht 2b gebildet ist. Die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist ebenfalls bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar, während die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist. Die dielektrische Schicht 2d des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 weist eine weitere zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf, welche durch eine weitere zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4a und Mikroperforationen 4b in der Schicht 2d gebildet ist. Vorzugsweise sind die Mikroperforationen 4b hierbei mit Mikroperforationen im Trägersubstrat 1a überlagert. Wenn die Mikroperforationen 4b durch die dielektrische Schicht 2b, bei der es sich um eine HRI-Schicht (HRI = High Refraction Index) handelt, und registergenau dazu Mikroperforationen 3 durch das Trägersubstrat 1 b gehen, so sind diese im Durchlicht aber nicht im Auflicht besonders gut sichtbar, und personalisieren im Auflicht das von der nachfolgend beschriebenen diffraktiven Reliefstruktur 5a, 5b generierte optisch variable Element.Seen in transmitted light, the metal layer 2b is opaque to light and has a second security marking, which is formed by a second group of microperforations 4a (linear) in the layer 2b. The second security marking is also visually when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, ie with the unarmed human eye, recognizable, while the second safety marking is not visible in incident light. The dielectric layer 2d of the security film element 2 has a further second security marking, which is formed by a further second group of microperforations 4a and microperforations 4b in the layer 2d. Preferably, the microperforations 4b are superimposed with microperforations in the carrier substrate 1a. If the microperforations 4b pass through the dielectric layer 2b, which is an HRI layer (HRI = High Refraction Index), and microperforations 3 pass through the carrier substrate 1b in register, they are especially not in transmitted light but in incident light clearly visible, and personalize in incident light the optically variable element generated by the diffractive relief structure 5a, 5b described below.

Die weitere zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung ist ebenfalls bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 im Durchlicht visuell, d.h. mit dem unbewaffneten menschlichen Auge, erkennbar, während die weitere zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung im Auflicht nicht sichtbar ist.
Dabei bilden im Durchlicht gesehen die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung, die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung und die weitere zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung zusammen eine Information, hier in Form des Zahlenwerts "500". Dabei ist die erste Ziffer "5" des Zahlenwerts "500" aus Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3, der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4a und der weiteren zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4b gebildet. Die zweite Ziffer "0" des Zahlenwerts "500" ist aus Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 sowie aus Mikroperforationen der weiteren zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4b zusammengesetzt. Die letzte Ziffer "0" des Zahlenwerts "500" ist aus Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3, der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4a und der weiteren zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4b gebildet. Die lagegenaue Positionierung der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a, der weiteren zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4b und der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4a am Sicherheitsfolienelement 2, so dass im Durchlicht gesehen die Information in Form des Zahlenwerts "500" ausgebildet wird, ist schwer nachahmbar und daher besonders fälschungssicher. Die Schicht 2b aus Metall des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 ist mit einer vierten Sicherheitskennzeichnung versehen, die im Auflicht ein optisch variables Element, hier ein Hologramm, zeigt. Das Hologramm wird durch eine diffraktive Reliefstruktur 5a im Bereich der metallischen Schicht 2b erzeugt. Die dielektrische Schicht 2d des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 ist mit einer weiteren vierten Sicherheitskennzeichnung versehen, die im Auflicht ein optisch variables Element, hier ein Kinegram®, zeigt. Das Kinegram® wird durch eine diffraktive Reliefstruktur 5b im Bereich der dielektrischen Schicht 2d erzeugt.The further second security marking is also visible when viewing the security document 1 in transmitted light, ie with the unarmed human eye, while the further second security marking is not visible in incident light.
The first safety marking, the second safety marking and the further second safety marking together form information in transmitted light, here in the form of the numerical value "500". In this case, the first digit "5" of the numerical value "500" is formed from microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3, the second group of microperforations 4a and the further second group of microperforations 4b. The second digit "0" of the numerical value "500" is composed of microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3 and of microperforations of the further second group of microperforations 4b. The last digit "0" of the numerical value "500" is formed from microperforations of the first group of microperforations 3, the second group of microperforations 4a and the further second group of microperforations 4b. The positionally accurate positioning of the first group Microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a, the further second group of microperforations 4b and the second group of microperforations 4a on the security film element 2, so that seen in transmitted light, the information in the form of the numerical value "500" is formed, is difficult to imitate and therefore particularly tamper-proof. The layer 2b made of metal of the security film element 2 is provided with a fourth security marking, which shows an optically variable element in the reflected light, here a hologram. The hologram is generated by a diffractive relief structure 5a in the region of the metallic layer 2b. The dielectric layer 2d of the security film element 2 is provided with a further fourth security marking which, in reflected light, shows an optically variable element, here a Kinegram®. The Kinegram® is generated by a diffractive relief structure 5b in the region of the dielectric layer 2d.

Figur 7b zeigt das Sicherheitsdokument 1 aus Figur 7a im Querschnitt F - F'. Es ist zu erkennen, dass die erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a unterhalb des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 angeordnet ist. FIG. 7b shows the security document 1 Figure 7a in cross section F - F '. It can be seen that the first group of microperforations 3 is arranged in the carrier substrate 1a below the security film element 2.

Figur 8a zeigt ein achtes Sicherheitsdokument 1, ähnlich wie Figur 3a, in der Draufsicht. Das Trägersubstrat 1a ist aus einem lichtundurchlässigen Material gebildet. In Querschnitt K -K' gemäß Figur 8b ist zu erkennen, dass das Trägersubstrat 1a eine Fensteröffnung 1b aufweist, welche mittels des Sicherheitsfolienelements 2 verschlossen ist. Somit sind im Durchlicht gesehen die erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 3 neben der zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 4 erkennbar, welche zusammen die Information in Form des Zahlenwerts "100" ausbilden. FIG. 8a shows an eighth security document 1, similar to FIG. 3a , in the top view. The carrier substrate 1a is formed of an opaque material. In cross section K -K 'according to FIG. 8b It can be seen that the carrier substrate 1a has a window opening 1b, which is closed by means of the security film element 2. Thus, viewed in transmitted light, the first group of microperforations 3 next to the second group of microperforations 4 can be seen, which together form the information in the form of the numerical value "100".

Figur 9 zeigt in der Draufsicht ein neuntes Sicherheitsdokument 1 mit einem Trägersubstrat 1a aus Papier, einem darauf aufgeprägten Sicherheitsfolienelement 2 mit einem optisch variablen Element, einem Sicherheitsdruckbild 6, einer ersten Gruppe von Mikroperforationen 3 im Trägersubstrat 1a und einer zweiten Gruppe von Mikroperforationen 4 im Sicherheitsfolienelement. Dabei ergänzen die Mikroperforationen 3, 4 die Bildinformation des Sicherheitsdruckbilds 6. Die Merkmale überlappen und sind so miteinander kombiniert, dass eine Nachahmung nur mit hohem Aufwand realisierbar ist. FIG. 9 shows in plan view a ninth security document 1 with a carrier substrate 1a made of paper, a safety film element 2 impressed thereon with an optically variable element, a security print image 6, a first group of microperforations 3 in the carrier substrate 1a and a second group of microperforations 4 in the security film element. The microperforations 3, 4 complement the image information of the security print image 6. The features overlap and are combined so that an imitation can be realized only with great effort.

Es ist unschwer erkennbar, dass im Rahmen der Erfindung durch eine Kombination von ersten bis fünften Sicherheitskennzeichnungen eine Vielzahl von Sicherheitsdokumenten gebildet werden kann, die eine hohe Fälschungssicherheit bei gleichzeitig ansprechendem optischem Erscheinungsbild aufweisen.It can easily be seen that, within the scope of the invention, a multiplicity of security documents can be formed by a combination of first to fifth security identifications, which have a high security against counterfeiting and at the same time have an appealing visual appearance.

Im Folgenden wird anhand von Fig. 10 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung erläutert.The following is based on Fig. 10 another embodiment of the invention explained.

Fig. 10 zeigt ein Sicherheitsdokument 50, bei dem es sich um ein Ausweisdokument in Form einer Karte handelt. Das Sicherheitsdokument 50 weist ein Trägersubstrat 52, ein Sicherheitsfolienelement 53 und eine Schutzschicht 51 auf. Fig. 10 shows a security document 50, which is an identity card in the form of a card. The security document 50 has a carrier substrate 52, a security film element 53 and a protective layer 51.

Das Trägersubstrat 52 besteht aus einem Material oder enthält Substanzen, welche bei Bestrahlung mittels eines Lasers ihre optischen Eigenschaften verändern und sich so beispielsweise bei Laserbestrahlung mit einer Energiedichte P1 dunkel verfärben, einen Farbumschlag zeigen oder eine bestimmte vorgegebene (Körper-)Farbe annehmen. Das Trägersubstrat 52 besteht beispielsweise aus Polycarbonat oder PVC und besitzt eine Dicke im Bereich von 100 bis 750 µm, insbesondere von 500 µm.The carrier substrate 52 is made of a material or contains substances which change their optical properties upon irradiation by means of a laser and thus darken, for example, when laser irradiation with an energy density P1, show a color change or assume a certain predetermined (body) color. The carrier substrate 52 consists for example of polycarbonate or PVC and has a thickness in the range of 100 to 750 .mu.m, in particular of 500 microns.

Auf einen Bereich des Trägersubstrats 52 ist, wie in Fig. 10 gezeigt, das Folienelement 53 appliziert. Bei dem Folienelement 53 handelt es sich um die Transferlage einer Transferfolie, insbesondere um die Transferlage einer Heißprägefolie, welche eine Replizierlackschicht 54, eine metallische Schicht 55 und eine Klebeschicht 56 aufweist. In die Replizierlackschicht 54 ist ein diffraktives Oberflächenrelief abgeformt, welches beispielsweise ein Kinegram® generiert. Die Metallschicht 55 ist lediglich partiell und musterförmig auf dem Folienelement 53 vorgesehen, beispielsweise in Form eines Musters oder einer figürlichen Darstellung ausgeformt.On a portion of the support substrate 52 is, as in Fig. 10 shown, the film element 53 applied. The film element 53 is the transfer layer of a transfer film, in particular the transfer layer of a hot stamping film which has a replication lacquer layer 54, a metallic layer 55 and an adhesive layer 56. In the Replizierlackschicht 54, a diffractive surface relief is formed, which generates, for example, a Kinegram®. The metal layer 55 is provided only partially and in pattern form on the film element 53, for example in the form of a pattern or a figurative representation.

Weiter ist es auch möglich, dass das Folienelement 53 von einer Laminierfolie gebildet wird, die in Form eines Patches oder eines Streifens ausgebildet ist.Furthermore, it is also possible that the film element 53 is formed by a laminating film, which is formed in the form of a patch or a strip.

Das Trägersubstrat 52 und das Folienelement 53 sind beide von der Schutzschicht 51 überdeckt, welche aus einem transparenten Kunststoffmaterial, vorzugsweise aus Polycarbonat, besteht. Die Schutzschicht 51 ist hierbei relativ dick ausgeführt und hat vorzugsweise eine Dicke im Bereich von 20 bis 200 µm, insbesondere von 100 µm. Weiter ist es auch möglich, dass auf der dem Folienelement 53 gegenüberliegenden Seite des Trägersubstrats 52 ebenso eine Schutzschicht vorgesehen ist. Die Schutzschicht 51 und die eventuelle weitere Schutzschicht werden hierbei mit dem Trägersubstrat 52 vorzugsweise in einem Laminierprozess zu dem kartenförmigen Sicherheitsdokument 50 laminiert.The carrier substrate 52 and the film element 53 are both covered by the protective layer 51, which consists of a transparent plastic material, preferably of polycarbonate. The protective layer 51 is in this case made relatively thick and preferably has a thickness in the range of 20 to 200 .mu.m, in particular of 100 .mu.m. Furthermore, it is also possible for a protective layer to be provided on the side of the carrier substrate 52 opposite the film element 53 as well. The protective layer 51 and the possible further protective layer are hereby laminated to the carrier substrate 52, preferably in a lamination process, to the card-shaped security document 50.

Bei der Fertigung des Sicherheitsdokuments 50 werden von dem Laser zuerst Informationen mit einer Energiedichte, welche in etwa der oben spezifizierten Energiedichte P1 entspricht, in das Trägersubstrat 52 eingeschrieben. Diese Informationen stellen ein Sicherheitsmerkmal 61 dar. Bei diesen Informationen handelt es sich beispielsweise um den Namen, persönliche Daten und ein Photo des Inhabers des Sicherheitsdokuments 50. Die Energiedichte P1 wird hierbei so gewählt, dass sie möglichst in einem Bereich zwischen einer Energiedichte P11 und P12 liegt, bei dem das Material des Trägersubstrats 52 bei Bestrahlung eine Skala von verschiedenen Graustufen zeigt. Mit demselben Laser oder auch mit einem zweiten Laser, der im Register mit dem ersten Laser geführt wird, werden sodann mit einer Energiedichte P2 eine erste Gruppe von Mikroperforationen 62 in das Trägersubstrat 52 eingebracht. Die Energiedichte P2 ist hierbei so gewählt, dass der Laser lediglich das Trägersubstrat 52 beispielsweise durch Verdampfen oder punktuelles Aufschmelzen perforiert.In the fabrication of the security document 50, information is first written into the carrier substrate 52 by the laser at an energy density approximately equal to the energy density P1 specified above. This information is a security feature 61. This information may include, for example, the name, personal information, and a photograph of the person The owner of the security document 50. The energy density P1 is in this case selected such that it is as close as possible to a range between an energy density P11 and P12 at which the material of the carrier substrate 52 shows a scale of different gray levels when irradiated. With the same laser or also with a second laser, which is guided in register with the first laser, a first group of microperforations 62 are then introduced into the carrier substrate 52 with an energy density P2. The energy density P2 is chosen so that the laser only perforates the carrier substrate 52, for example by evaporation or selective melting.

Im Weiteren werden mittels des Lasers eine zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen 64 in der Metallschicht 55 des Folienelements 53 erzeugt. Hierzu erfolgt die Laserbestrahlung mit einer Energiedichte P3, bei der lediglich die Metallschicht 55 perforiert wird, nicht jedoch die umgebenden Schichten perforiert werden. Im Weiteren werden sodann noch Mikroperforationen 63 eingebracht, welche sowohl die Metallschicht 55 als auch das Trägersubstrat 52 durchlöchern. Die Laserbestrahlung erfolgt hierbei mit einer Energiedichte P4, welche so gewählt ist, dass sowohl die Metallschicht 55 als auch das Trägersubstrat 52 perforiert werden. Die Mikroperforationen 63 sind somit aus einer ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen im Folienelement 2 im Register zu einer zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen im Trägersubstrat 52 zusammengesetzt.In addition, a second group of microperforations 64 in the metal layer 55 of the foil element 53 are produced by means of the laser. For this purpose, the laser irradiation takes place with an energy density P3, in which only the metal layer 55 is perforated, but not the surrounding layers are perforated. Furthermore, microperforations 63 are then introduced, which perforate both the metal layer 55 and the carrier substrate 52. The laser irradiation takes place here with an energy density P4, which is chosen such that both the metal layer 55 and the carrier substrate 52 are perforated. The microperforations 63 are thus composed of a first group of microperforations in the film element 2 in register with a second group of microperforations in the carrier substrate 52.

Durch diese Vorgehensweise ist es möglich, die oben verdeutlichten unterschiedlichen Sicherheitselemente im Register zueinander und im Register zu einem (optional) auf das Trägersubstrat aufgedruckten (farbigen) Design in einem Sicherheitsdokument zu realisieren. Das optisch variable, von den diffraktiven Strukturen bereit gestellte Sicherheitselement kann durch dieses Verfahren weiter kostengünstig individualisiert werden und bietet einen hohen Schutz gegenüber Nachahmung und Fälschung des Sicherheitsdokuments.By means of this procedure, it is possible to realize the above-clarified different security elements in register with one another and in register with a (color) design (optionally) printed on the carrier substrate in a security document. The optically variable security element provided by the diffractive structures can continue through this method cost-effectively individualized and offers high protection against counterfeiting and counterfeiting of the security document.

Claims (28)

Sicherheitsdokument (1) mit einem Trägersubstrat (1 a) und mindestens einem, mit dem Trägersubstrat (1a) verbundenen Sicherheitsfolienelement (2), welches mindestens zwei Schichten (2a, 2b) aufweist, wobei das Trägersubstrat (1a) eine erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung aufweist, welche durch mindestens eine erste Gruppe an Mikroperforationen (3) im Trägersubstrat (1a) gebildet ist und bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments (1) im Durchlicht visuell erkennbar ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass mindestens eine der mindestens zwei Schichten (2a, 2b) des Sicherheitsfolienelements (2) mindestens eine zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung aufweist, welche durch mindestens eine zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen (4) in mindestens einer der mindestens zwei Schichten (2a, 2b) gebildet ist und bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitsdokuments (1) im Durchlicht visuell erkennbar ist, wobei im Durchlicht gesehen die erste Sicherheitskennzeichnung und die zweite Sicherheitskennzeichnung zusammen eine Information oder einen Teil einer Information bilden.Security document (1) having a carrier substrate (1a) and at least one security film element (2) connected to the carrier substrate (1a), which has at least two layers (2a, 2b), the carrier substrate (1a) having a first security marking which is formed by at least a first group of microperforations (3) in the carrier substrate (1a) and is visually recognizable in transmitted light when viewing the security document (1),
characterized,
in that at least one of the at least two layers (2a, 2b) of the security film element (2) has at least one second security marking, which is formed by at least one second group of microperforations (4) in at least one of the at least two layers (2a, 2b) a viewing of the security document (1) in transmitted light is visually recognizable, seen in transmitted light form the first security label and the second security label together form an information or part of an information. Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Information einen Zahlenwert, eine Seriennummer, einen Text, ein Symbol, ein Muster, ein Firmenlogo oder ein Bild, insbesondere ein Halbtonbild, zeigt.Security document according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the information shows a numerical value, a serial number, a text, a symbol, a pattern, a company logo or an image, in particular a halftone image. Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass eine Längsachse von Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen (3) senkrecht zur Ebene des Trägersubstrats (1a) im Trägersubstrat (1a) ausgerichtet ist.Security document according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
in that a longitudinal axis of microperforations of the first group of microperforations (3) is aligned perpendicular to the plane of the carrier substrate (1a) in the carrier substrate (1a). Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass eine Längsachse von Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen (3) nicht senkrecht zur Ebene des Trägersubstrats (1a) im Trägersubstrat (1a) ausgerichtet ist.Security document according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that a longitudinal axis of microperforations of the first group of microperforations (3) is not perpendicular to the plane of the carrier substrate (1a) in the carrier substrate (1a) is aligned. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das mindestens eine Sicherheitsfolienelement (2) auf einer Oberfläche des Trägersubstrats (1a) angeordnet ist, wobei die Oberfläche und das darauf angeordnete, mindestens eine Sicherheitsfolienelement optional durch Lamination mit einer transparenten Kunststofffolie bedeckt sind.Security document according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
in that the at least one security film element (2) is arranged on a surface of the carrier substrate (1a), wherein the surface and the at least one security film element arranged thereon are optionally covered by lamination with a transparent plastic film. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das mindestens eine Sicherheitsfolienelement (2) in das Trägersubstrat (1a) eingebettet ist.Security document according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
in that the at least one security film element (2) projects into the carrier substrate (1a). is embedded. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das mindestens eine Sicherheitsfolienelement (2) mindestens eine opake Schicht aufweist und dass die mindestens eine opake Schicht die zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen (4) aufweist.Security document according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
in that the at least one security film element (2) has at least one opaque layer and that the at least one opaque layer has the second group of microperforations (4). Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die mindestens eine opake Schicht als eine Schicht aus Metall, einer Metall-Legierung, einer pigmentierten Druckfarbe oder einem pigmentierten Lack ausgebildet ist.Security document according to claim 7,
characterized,
that an opaque layer is at least formed as a layer of metal, a metal alloy, a pigmented printing ink or a pigmented paint. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das mindestens eine Sicherheitsfolienelement (2) mindestens eine semitransparente und/oder farbig transparente und/oder dielektrische Schicht aufweist und dass die mindestens eine semitransparente und/oder farbig transparente und/oder dielektrische Schicht die zweite Gruppe an Mikroperforationen (4) aufweist.Security document according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
in that the at least one security film element (2) has at least one semitransparent and / or colored transparent and / or dielectric layer and that the at least one semitransparent and / or color transparent and / or dielectric layer has the second group of microperforations (4). Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die mindestens eine opake Schicht und die mindestens eine semitransparente und/oder farbig transparente und/oder dielektrische Schicht senkrecht zur Ebene des Sicherheitsfolienelements (2) gesehen nebeneinander oder zumindest teilweise überlappend angeordnet sind.Security document according to claim 9,
characterized,
in that the at least one opaque layer and the at least one semitransparent and / or colored transparent and / or dielectric layer are seen side by side perpendicular to the plane of the security film element (2) or at least partially overlapping. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die erste Gruppe von Mikroperforationen (3) und die zweite Gruppe von Mikroperforationen (4) senkrecht zur Ebene des Sicherheitsdokuments (1) gesehen nicht oder lediglich teilweise deckungsgleich zueinander angeordnet sind.Security document according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized,
that the first group of microperforations (3) and the second group of microperforations (4) perpendicular to the plane of the security document (1) are not or only partially congruent to each other. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die erste Gruppe von Mikroperforationen (3) und die zweite Gruppe von Mikroperforationen (4) jeweils mittels eines Lasers gebildet sind.Security document according to one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized,
in that the first group of microperforations (3) and the second group of microperforations (4) are each formed by means of a laser. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass mindestens eine der mindestens zwei Schichten (2a, 2b) des Sicherheitsfolienelements (2) mindestens eine dritte Sicherheitskennzeichnung aufweist, die durch eine musterförmig oder partiell ausgebildete Schicht der mindestens zwei Schichten (2a, 2b) des mindestens einen Sicherheitsfolienelements (2) gebildet ist.Security document according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized,
in that at least one of the at least two layers (2a, 2b) of the security film element (2) has at least one third security marking which is formed by a pattern-shaped or partially formed layer of the at least two layers (2a, 2b) of the at least one security film element (2). Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das mindestens eine Sicherheitsfolienelement (2) mindestens eine vierte Sicherheitskennzeichnung in Form eines optisch variablen Elements aufweist, insbesondere ein Hologramm, ein Kinegram®, ein diffraktives Bild oder Muster, ein Flüssigkristallmaterial, ein Dünnfilm-Interferenzschichtsystem mit blickwinkelabhängigem Farbwechseleffekt oder ein Beugungselement Nullter Ordnung.Security document according to one of claims 1 to 13,
characterized,
the at least one security film element (2) has at least one fourth security identification in the form of an optically variable element, in particular a hologram, a Kinegram®, a diffractive image or pattern, a liquid crystal material, a thin film interference layer system having viewing-angle-dependent color change effect or a zero-order diffraction element. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Sicherheitsdokument (1) mindestens eine fünfte Sicherheitskennzeichnung in Form eines Sicherheitsdruckbildes (6) und/oder eines Wasserzeichens aufweist.Security document according to one of claims 1 to 14,
characterized,
that the security document (1) comprises at least a fifth security identification in the form of a security printed image (6) and / or a watermark. Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Sicherheitsdruckbild (6) senkrecht zur Ebene des Sicherheitsdokuments (1) gesehen zumindest teilweise mit dem mindestens einen Sicherheitsfolienelement (2) überlappt.Security document according to claim 15,
characterized,
that the security printed image (6), viewed perpendicular to the plane of the security document (1), at least partially overlaps the at least one security film element (2). Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 15 oder 16,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Sicherheitsdruckbild (6) ein Intagliodruck ist und/oder ein Material aus der Gruppe der lumineszierenden, thermochromen, photochromen, magnetischen oder elektrisch leitenden Materialien aufweist.Security document according to one of claims 15 or 16,
characterized,
that the security printed image (6) is an intaglio printing and / or a material from the group of luminescent, thermochromic, photochromic, magnetic, or electrically conductive materials. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass eine Position und/oder eine Form und/oder ein visuelles Erscheinungsbild der dritten Sicherheitskennzeichnung und/oder der vierten Sicherheitskennzeichnung und/oder der fünften Sicherheitskennzeichnung auf die Information abgestimmt ist, die sich aus der ersten und zweiten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen ergibt.Security document according to one of claims 13 to 17,
characterized,
that a position and / or shape and / or a visual appearance of the third security identification and / or the fourth security identification and / or the fifth security marking is adapted to the information relating to of the first and second group Microperforations results. Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 18,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die dritte Sicherheitskennzeichnung und/oder die vierte Sicherheitskennzeichnung und/oder die fünfte Sicherheitskennzeichnung einen weiteren Teil der Information bildet.Security document according to claim 18,
characterized,
that the third security identification and / or the fourth security identification and / or the fifth security identification forms a further part of the information. Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 5 oder Anspruch 5 in Kombination mit einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass mindestens ein erstes Sicherheitsfolienelement (2) auf die Oberfläche des Trägersubstrats (1a) aufgeprägt oder aufgeklebt ist.Security document according to claim 5 or claim 5 in combination with one of claims 6 to 19,
characterized,
in that at least one first security film element (2) is embossed or glued onto the surface of the carrier substrate (1a). Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 6 oder Anspruch 6 in Kombination mit einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 20,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass mindestens ein zweites Sicherheitsfolienelement in das Trägersubstrat (1a) eingebettet ist, wobei das zweite Sicherheitsfolienelement zumindest auf einer Seite des Trägersubstrats (1a) zumindest bereichsweise sichtbar ist.Security document according to claim 6 or claim 6 in combination with one of claims 7 to 20,
characterized,
in that at least one second security film element is embedded in the carrier substrate (1a), wherein the second security film element is at least partially visible on at least one side of the carrier substrate (1a). Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 20 oder 21,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das mindestens eine erste Sicherheitsfolienelement (2) und/oder das mindestens zweite Sicherheitsfolienelement mindestens eine Fensteröffnung (1 b) im Trägersubstrat (1a) überspannt.Security document according to one of claims 20 or 21,
characterized,
in that the at least one first security film element (2) and / or the at least second security film element spans at least one window opening (1b) in the carrier substrate (1a). Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der Ansprüche 21 oder 22,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das zweite Sicherheitsfolienelement faden- oder streifenförmig ausgebildet ist.Security document according to one of claims 21 or 22,
characterized,
that the second security film element is thread-shaped or strip-shaped. Sicherheitsdokument einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 23,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Sicherheitselement als eine Banknote, ein Lotterielos, ein Ticket, ein Ausweis, ein Pass, eine Bankkarte, eine Chipkarte, ein Etikett oder eine Urkunde ausgebildet ist.Security document according to one of claims 1 to 23,
characterized,
that the security element is designed as a banknote, a lottery ticket, a ticket, an identity card, a passport, a bank card, a smart card, a label or a certificate. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitsdokuments nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 24 mit folgenden Schritten: - Bereitstellen eines Trägersubstrats (1a) mit mindestens einem Sicherheitsfolienelement (2) und - Bilden der ersten Gruppe von Mikroperforationen (39 und der zweiten Gruppe von Mikroperforationen (4) mittels eines Lasers. Method for producing a security document according to one of Claims 1 to 24, comprising the following steps: - Providing a carrier substrate (1a) with at least one security film element (2) and - Forming the first group of microperforations (39 and the second group of microperforations (4) by means of a laser. Verfahren nach Anspruch 25,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
eine Längsachse von Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen (3) senkrecht zur Ebene des Trägersubstrats (1a) im Trägersubstrat (1a) ausgebildet wird.Method according to claim 25,
characterized
a longitudinal axis of microperforations of the first group of microperforations (3) is formed perpendicular to the plane of the carrier substrate (1a) in the carrier substrate (1a). Verfahren nach Anspruche 25 oder 26,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass eine Längsachse von Mikroperforationen der ersten Gruppe an Mikroperforationen (3) nicht senkrecht zur Ebene des Trägersubstrats (1a) im Trägersubstrat (1a) ausgebildet wird.Method according to claim 25 or 26,
characterized,
in that a longitudinal axis of microperforations of the first group of microperforations (3) is not perpendicular to the plane of the carrier substrate (1a) in FIG Carrier substrate (1 a) is formed. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 25 bis 27,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die erste Gruppe von Mikroperforationen (3) und die zweite Gruppe von Mikroperforationen (4) senkrecht zur Ebene des Sicherheitsdokuments (1) gesehen nicht oder lediglich teilweise deckungsgleich zueinander ausgebildet werden.Method according to one of claims 25 to 27,
characterized,
in that the first group of microperforations (3) and the second group of microperforations (4) perpendicular to the plane of the security document (1) are not formed or only partially congruent to each other.
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WO2012117056A3 (en) * 2011-03-01 2012-12-06 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Method and security element for storing information by means of microchannels in a substrate
WO2012117087A1 (en) * 2011-03-02 2012-09-07 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Security element comprising information encoded in a holey grid, and method for the production thereof
WO2014081402A1 (en) * 2012-11-23 2014-05-30 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Едапс-Лазер" Security element for value documents and method for manufacturing same
ES2534731A1 (en) * 2013-10-26 2015-04-27 Alex Trochut Sl Procedure for making an impression composed of at least two images and printing product, improved (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
JP2015131465A (en) * 2014-01-15 2015-07-23 特種東海製紙株式会社 Counterfeit preventing sheet
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WO2017218992A1 (en) * 2016-06-17 2017-12-21 Mohawk Fine Papers Inc. Secure substrate for scratch-off products
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EP3552837A1 (en) * 2018-03-20 2019-10-16 Bundesdruckerei GmbH Security element having a micro- or nanostructure
AU2019297514B2 (en) * 2018-07-03 2023-02-23 Crane & Co., Inc. Security document with attached security device which demonstrates increased harvesting resistance
US10889139B2 (en) * 2018-07-03 2021-01-12 Crane & Co., Inc. Security document with attached security device which demonstrates increased harvesting resistance
EP3817928A4 (en) * 2018-07-03 2022-03-30 Crane & Co., Inc. Security document with attached security device which demonstrates increased harvesting resistance
US20200009894A1 (en) * 2018-07-03 2020-01-09 Crane & Co., Inc. Security document with attached security device which demonstrates increased harvesting resistance
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EP4242009A1 (en) * 2022-03-11 2023-09-13 Hueck Folien Gesellschaft m.b.H. Security element for valuable documents with a carrier foil and at least one decorative layer

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EP1997643A3 (en) 2009-08-19
EP1997643B1 (en) 2012-02-01
ATE543659T1 (en) 2012-02-15

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