EP1979259B1 - Hook of a crane - Google Patents

Hook of a crane Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1979259B1
EP1979259B1 EP07702625A EP07702625A EP1979259B1 EP 1979259 B1 EP1979259 B1 EP 1979259B1 EP 07702625 A EP07702625 A EP 07702625A EP 07702625 A EP07702625 A EP 07702625A EP 1979259 B1 EP1979259 B1 EP 1979259B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hook
load
opening
piezoelectric element
recess
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EP07702625A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1979259A1 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Müller
Thorsten Seising
Detlef Sonnenschein
Andreas Tacke
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BETR FORSCH INST ANGEW FORSCH
BFI VDEH Institut fuer Angewandte Forschung GmbH
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BETR FORSCH INST ANGEW FORSCH
BFI VDEH Institut fuer Angewandte Forschung GmbH
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Publication of EP1979259A1 publication Critical patent/EP1979259A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/22Rigid members, e.g. L-shaped members, with parts engaging the under surface of the loads; Crane hooks
    • B66C1/34Crane hooks
    • B66C1/40Crane hooks formed or fitted with load measuring or indicating devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hook of a crane and in this particular possibility of monitoring the correct load picking by the hook and takes the priority of the German patent application 10 2006 001 423.5 to complete.
  • AT 192 857 suggests to put a pressure cell as a trigger contact at the bottom of the hook mouth. As soon as the hook loads the pressure cell, it sends a signal. Due to the arrangement of the pressure cell in the bottom of the hook mouth, the delivery of the signal is synonymous with the correct detection of the load, as the picked up by the hook jaw pin the load comes into contact only with the pressure cell when it is in the hook mouth.
  • a disadvantage of the crane transport of molten masses in pans is the arrangement of the trip contact - pressure cell - in the power main circuit, which makes a to the usually large load adapted load capacity and thus size of the contactor required. Furthermore, a patch on the jaw pressure cell reduces the depth of the hook mouth and thus the security of the complete recording of the pin in the jaw, or the security against falling out of the pin with an angle held hook.
  • DE 44 47 393 C1 teaches a training of AT 192 857 Known principle and proposes to provide two inductive sensors in the jaw of a lamellar hook of a huts crane. These sensors can determine the positive connection of the hook mouth with the pin contact. This can make the DE 44 47 393 C1 Also recognize known construction when the pin approaches the hook mouth. This will be a disadvantage of AT-PS 192 857 known device that can not indicate the approach to the load, so that the crane operator under Circumstances must make several blind raises before he has picked up the load correctly.
  • the sensors respond to the approach of conductive, metallic objects.
  • the sensors are installed in recesses of the jaw, which open to the jaw. These recesses are closed by a cover that does not affect the induction principle to the journal support side of the jaw.
  • the present invention seeks to propose a structure for a hoist with a receptacle for receiving the component of a load on which the load is raised, and in particular a structure for the hook of a crane, with which the recording of the male component can be reliably determined in the intended recording.
  • the invention is based on the basic idea to determine the correct absorption of the load by receiving a hoist by checking whether a weight is transmitted to the hoist in the area of the receptacle. Only then can it be determined with certainty that the element to be lifted, for example the pin to be picked up by the hook mouth, is actually located in the receptacle.
  • the invention proposes to arrange a piezoelectric element in the region of the hook mouth of a hook of a crane, that it is only loaded by the weight of the load carried by the hook when the hook mouth holds the pin properly.
  • a piezoelectric element offers the advantage of a compact size, which allows installation in standard hooks, such as the standard single-hook according to DIN 15407 for pig iron and steel ladles, without having to deviate from the standard dimensions. Nevertheless, the piezoelectric element allows a reliable detection of the loads loading it.
  • the piezoelectric element according to the invention is arranged in the region of the hook mouth and not for example at the top of the hook or in areas between the hook jaw and the suspension, it is ensured that the piezoelectric element indicates a load only when the pin transmitting the load is actually in the Hook mouth is located.
  • piezoelectric element As a piezoelectric element is particularly suitable as a so-called Cluarz-measuring dowel. These sensors are suitable to measure the forces in structures of machines, tools, etc. indirectly via the strain.
  • the piezoelectric element is arranged in the region of the hook mouth.
  • it can determine whether the hook mouth is loaded by a weight force. If this is the case, the pin is also in the hook mouth, so that the correct load bearing is detected correctly.
  • the use of a single piezo element offers a cost advantage.
  • two piezo elements are arranged opposite each other outside of the hook mouth.
  • the piezoelectric elements In order not to weaken the hook mouth in the region of its base too much by recesses for receiving piezoelectric elements, the piezoelectric elements outside the hook base, for example, on the edge side as in DE 44 47 393 C1 arranged inductive sensors arranged. Also in these positions, the piezo elements are loaded at least by a component of the weight transferred from the pin to the hook, so that they can reliably display the reception of the pin in the hook mouth even in this position. This is even more true when heavy loads are transported through the hook. This leads to a significant load on the piezo elements, which can be determined very reliably.
  • At least one piezo element is arranged in a recess of a jaw shell of the hook jaw.
  • Hooks in particular the lamellar hooks used by lodge cranes often have a mouth protecting the hook's mouth.
  • This jaw shell regularly has a wall thickness of more than 35 mm, so that it can accommodate, for example, conventional cylindrical piezoelectric elements with a diameter of 10 mm, without a change in the outer shape of the mouth shell must be made.
  • This also offers the advantage of being able to easily retrofit existing hooks, since in the simplest design, only the mouth socket needs to be exchanged or machined, that is, for example, a recess has to be introduced into the jaw shell.
  • the measuring device By providing a force sensor in a recess of the hoist itself and a guide of the recess so that it has no opening for receiving, an encapsulation of the force sensor is achieved in the hoist itself, which weakens the hoist itself is indeed weakened to a small extent, the However, the measuring device given a good temperature resistance in the absence of a direct contact with the component of the load on which the load is raised becomes. Depending on the routing of the recess, the surrounding wall of the hoist even exerts an insulating effect. Furthermore, the proposed measuring arrangement is insensitive to metallurgical dust, since contact with the metallurgical dust can be well avoided. This is often stored in recordings, such as those of the hoist from.
  • the outlet of the recess is not formed in the receptacle, but may for example take place at a point of the hoist, where no deposition of cottage dust is possible, such as on an underside of the hoist.
  • the proposed measuring arrangement is resistant to mechanical stress, since the force sensor is protected in the recess.
  • the recess receiving the piezoelectric element is oriented perpendicular to the radial direction of the jaw shell defined by the curvature of the jaw shell. This makes it possible to make the recess sideways, whereby the insertion and replacement of the piezoelectric element is simplified.
  • the pin facing inner surface of the jaw remains untouched, so that with the off DE 44 47 393 C1 Known covers of recesses on the inner surface of the jaw known problems can be avoided.
  • the recess is introduced from the underside into the mouth shell. Thus, there are no openings, holes or the like in the area of the support surface of the jaw claws and, consequently, a deterioration of the sensors is excluded by the environmental conditions.
  • measures are provided to lead cables that are necessary for connecting the piezoelectric element with an evaluation, protected.
  • a cable is to be prevented from being guided along an outer surface of a component of the hook, since such a cable can catch and tear against surrounding elements or be crushed and damaged in contact with other elements.
  • the mouth of the hook has an inner surface, which comes into contact with the pin of the load, and an adjacent to the inner surface, standing at an angle to the inner surface side surface in which a groove is provided, which receives from the piezoelectric element Recess runs along the side surface.
  • a cable can be inserted, so that this cable is prevented, for example, rests against the outer surface of the side surface and is damaged there.
  • this groove is preferably closed by an attached cover, so that the groove and in particular the recess receiving the piezoelectric element are protected.
  • the groove terminates at a cable recess in the jaw shell which extends from the side surface into the interior of the jaw shell.
  • a cable recess in the jaw shell which extends from the side surface into the interior of the jaw shell.
  • the hook is designed as a lamellar hook of a huts crane, since the advantages achieved by the invention in huts cranes are particularly large.
  • a cable connected to the piezoelement is guided into a channel of a blind lamella. This has the advantage of protecting the cable from the house dust, the direct radiant heat and from mechanical damage.
  • an evaluation unit is connected to the piezoelectric element, which can determine the weight of the load received by the hook from the signal emitted by the piezoelectric element.
  • an evaluation unit can be provided which converts the signal output by the piezoelectric element into a binary signal, wherein one value indicates the loading of the piezoelectric element with a weight force above a certain threshold value and the other value indicates the missing load.
  • the signal emitted by the piezoelectric element can be amplified by a charge amplifier provided in the region of the hook or on the hook. This is particularly preferred if one (the) evaluation unit itself is arranged at a considerable distance from the hook.
  • the evaluation unit may be arranged in the crane cab.
  • the charge amplifier is temperature-protected by a special housing or optionally even cooled. This facilitates the use of a charge amplifier in the area of lifting molten metal melts and the heat radiated from them.
  • Fig. 1 shows the lower portion of a blind slat 1 a composed of several juxtaposed slats lamellar hook, as standardized, for example, in DIN 15407.
  • a mouth 3 is arranged in the hook mouth of the slats.
  • the jaw cup 3 receives the pin 4 of a load received by the hook, for example, a pig iron and steel ladle.
  • the blind blade has a leading through the blind blade 1 and along the blind blade continuing recess 5, in which a cable 6 is performed.
  • a groove 8 is provided in the angle to the load-receiving inner surface of the jaw 3 standing side surface 7 of the mouth 3.
  • this recess extends along the side surface 7 of the mouth shell 3.
  • a recess 9 with a Jardinaus originallyung, 10, which extends from the side surface into the interior of the mouth 3.
  • This cable recess makes it possible, as shown in the perspective view of Fig. 2 clearly visible, the cable 6 in the middle of the mouth 3 out of the jaw 3 out and into the recess 5.
  • a piezoelectric element 20 is provided in the recess 9.
  • the Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of the piezoelectric element 20 in the recess. 9.
  • the dummy lamella 1 is arranged between further lamellae 11.
  • Fig. 3 in that the recess 9 and the groove 8 can be closed by a cover 12.
  • the hook is brought by the crane operator to the pin so that it is picked up by the hook mouth.
  • the pin comes to lie on the jaw shell with proper recording of the load.
  • a slight lifting of the hook causes the weight of the pin 2 to press the jaw.
  • This pressure is at least partially forwarded by the jaw shell to the piezoelectric element 20, which is thereby loaded and emits an electrical signal.
  • the delivery of the electrical signal allows the crane operator to recognize that the load has been properly recorded in the hook mouth and not rests for example on the top of the hook.
  • the Fig. 1 shows further that in the jaw 3, two recesses 9 are provided, in which redundant piezo elements are arranged in order to obtain a reliable signal on the correct recording of the load even in case of failure of a piezoelectric element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a lifting gear having a receptacle for receiving the component of a load, on which component the load is raised, and in particular to a hook (1) of a crane having at least one piezoelectric element (20) which is arranged in the region of the hook mouth (3) in such a way that it is loaded by the weight of a load which is carried by the hook (1), which weight is transmitted to the hook (1) via a journal (4) which is held in the hook mouth (3).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Haken eines Krans und bei diesem insbesondere die Möglichkeit der Überwachung der richtigen Lastaufnahme durch den Haken und nimmt die Priorität der deutschen Patentanmeldung 10 2006 001 423.5 in Anspruch.The invention relates to a hook of a crane and in this particular possibility of monitoring the correct load picking by the hook and takes the priority of the German patent application 10 2006 001 423.5 to complete.

Bereits aus der im Jahr 1957 veröffentlichten AT 192 857 ist das Bestreben bekannt, die Lastaufnahme eines Hakens mit einer Druckmessdose zu überwachen, da der Kranführer aufgrund seiner zum Lasthaken deutlich beabstandeten Position eine derartige Überwachung kaum vernünftig durchführen kann. AT 192 857 schlägt vor, am Grund des Hakenmauls eine Druckmessdose als Auslösekontakt aufzusetzen. Sobald der Haken die Druckmessdose belastet, gibt diese ein Signal ab. Durch die Anordnung der Druckmessdose im Grund des Hakenmauls ist die Abgabe des Signals gleichbedeutend mit der richtigen Erfassung der Last, da der vom Hakenmaul aufgenommene Zapfen der Last nur in Kontakt mit der Druckmessdose kommt, wenn er sich im Hakenmaul befindet. Nachteilig für den Krantransport von feuerflüssigen Massen in Pfannen ist die Anordnung des Auslösekontakts - Druckmessdose - im Kraft-Hauptschluss, die eine an die in der Regel große Last angepasste Tragfähigkeit und damit Baugröße des Kontaktgebers erforderlich macht. Ferner reduziert eine auf die Maulschale aufgesetzte Druckmessdose die Tiefe des Hakenmauls und damit die Sicherheit der vollständigen Aufnahme des Zapfens in die Maulschale, bzw. die Sicherheit gegen ein Herausfallen des Zapfens bei schräg gehaltenem Haken.Already from the 1957 published AT 192 857 is the effort known to monitor the load bearing a hook with a pressure cell, since the crane operator can hardly reasonably perform such monitoring due to its position to the hook significantly spaced position. AT 192 857 suggests to put a pressure cell as a trigger contact at the bottom of the hook mouth. As soon as the hook loads the pressure cell, it sends a signal. Due to the arrangement of the pressure cell in the bottom of the hook mouth, the delivery of the signal is synonymous with the correct detection of the load, as the picked up by the hook jaw pin the load comes into contact only with the pressure cell when it is in the hook mouth. A disadvantage of the crane transport of molten masses in pans is the arrangement of the trip contact - pressure cell - in the power main circuit, which makes a to the usually large load adapted load capacity and thus size of the contactor required. Furthermore, a patch on the jaw pressure cell reduces the depth of the hook mouth and thus the security of the complete recording of the pin in the jaw, or the security against falling out of the pin with an angle held hook.

DE 44 47 393 C1 lehrt eine Fortbildung des aus AT 192 857 bekannten Prinzips und schlägt vor, in der Maulschale eines Lamellenhakens eines Hüttenkrans zwei induktive Sensoren vorzusehen. Diese Sensoren können den Formschluss des Hakenmauls mit dem Zapfen berührungslos ermitteln. Dadurch kann die aus DE 44 47 393 C1 bekannte Konstruktion auch erfassen, wenn sich der Zapfen dem Hakenmaul nähert. Damit wird ein Nachteil der aus AT-PS 192 857 bekannten Vorrichtung behoben, die die Annäherung an die Last nicht anzeigen kann, so dass der Kranführer unter Umständen mehrere Blindanhebungen machen muss, ehe er die Last richtig aufgenommen hat. DE 44 47 393 C1 teaches a training of AT 192 857 Known principle and proposes to provide two inductive sensors in the jaw of a lamellar hook of a huts crane. These sensors can determine the positive connection of the hook mouth with the pin contact. This can make the DE 44 47 393 C1 Also recognize known construction when the pin approaches the hook mouth. This will be a disadvantage of AT-PS 192 857 known device that can not indicate the approach to the load, so that the crane operator under Circumstances must make several blind raises before he has picked up the load correctly.

Die Sensoren reagieren auf die Annäherung von leitenden, metallischen Objekten. Die Sensoren sind dazu in Ausnehmungen der Maulschale installiert, die sich zur Maulschale hin öffnen. Diese Ausnehmungen werden von einer das Induktionsprinzip nicht beeinflussenden Abdeckung zur Zapfentragseite der Maulschale verschlossen.The sensors respond to the approach of conductive, metallic objects. The sensors are installed in recesses of the jaw, which open to the jaw. These recesses are closed by a cover that does not affect the induction principle to the journal support side of the jaw.

Beim Einfädeln des Pfannengehängezapfens in die Maulschale erfolgt eine Umschaltung des Ausgangssignals, wenn der definierte Schaltabstand der Sensoren unterschritten wird, bzw. eine Rückschaltung, wenn der Schaltabstand überschritten werden sollte. Aufgrund der geometrischen Verhältnisse zwischen Pfannenzapfen und Maulschale und der definierten Größe des Schaltabstandes wird die ordnungsgemäße Lage des Zapfens in der Maulschale eindeutig detektiert. Diese Sensoranordnung berücksichtigt sowohl die sicherheitstechnischen Anforderungen (zwei redundante Sensoren je Haken) als auch die Umgebungsbedingungen (Kapselung in den Maulschalen).When threading the Pfannengehängezapfens in the jaw takes place a switching of the output signal, if the defined switching distance of the sensors is exceeded, or a downshift, if the switching distance should be exceeded. Due to the geometric relationships between the socket and jaw and the defined size of the switching distance, the proper position of the pin is clearly detected in the jaw. This sensor arrangement takes into account both the safety requirements (two redundant sensors per hook) and the environmental conditions (encapsulation in the mouth shells).

Nachteilig an der aus DE 44 47 393 C1 bekannten Konstruktion ist, dass die induktiven Sensoren in Ausnehmungen der Innenfläche der Maulschale vorgesehen sein müssen, um die Annäherung des Zapfens an den Grund der Maulschale ermitteln zu können. Dabei darf die Ausnehmung nicht mit die induktive Wirkung der Sensoren beeinflussenden Abdeckungen verschlossen sein. Insbesondere unter den Betriebsbedingungen eines Stahlwerks, die hohe abrasive Belastungen, insbesondere durch Schmutz und Zunder kennzeichnen, ist diese Konstruktion nachteilbehaftet oder erfordert besondere, die Elastizität einschränkende Aufpanzerungen, da es zu Beschädigungen an den Abdeckungen kommen kann. Ferner hat es sich im praktischen Betrieb gezeigt, dass diese bekannte Konstruktion dennoch zu Fehlmessungen führt, wenn sich beispielsweise Metallspritzer aus der Schmelze auf der Abdeckung der Sensoren absetzen. Die induktiv messenden Sensoren können zwischen diesen Spritzern der Schmelze und dem Zapfen der Last nicht unterscheiden, so dass eine positive Messanzeige erfolgt, obwohl der Zapfen nicht in dem Hakenmaul aufgenommen wurde.A disadvantage of the DE 44 47 393 C1 known construction is that the inductive sensors must be provided in recesses of the inner surface of the jaw shell in order to determine the approach of the pin to the bottom of the jaw shell. In this case, the recess must not be closed with the inductive effect of the sensors influencing covers. In particular, under the operating conditions of a steelworks, the high abrasive loads, especially characterized by dirt and scale, this design is adversely affected or requires special, the elasticity limiting armor, since it can cause damage to the covers. Furthermore, it has been found in practical operation that this known construction nevertheless leads to incorrect measurements, for example, if metal splashes from the melt settle on the cover of the sensors. The inductive measuring sensors can not distinguish between these splashes of the melt and the pin of the load, so that a positive measurement indication takes place, although the pin was not recorded in the hook mouth.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Aufbau für ein Hebezeug mit einer Aufnahme zur Aufnahme des Bauteils einer Last, an dem die Last angehoben wird, und insbesondere einen Aufbau für den Haken eines Krans vorzuschlagen, mit dem die Aufnahme des aufzunehmenden Bauteils in der dafür vorgesehnen Aufnahme zuverlässig ermittelt werden kann.Against this background, the present invention seeks to propose a structure for a hoist with a receptacle for receiving the component of a load on which the load is raised, and in particular a structure for the hook of a crane, with which the recording of the male component can be reliably determined in the intended recording.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch den Gegenstand des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is solved by the subject matter of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung geht von dem Grundgedanken aus, die richtige Aufnahme der Last durch die Aufnahme eines Hebezeugs zu ermitteln, indem überprüft wird, ob im Bereich der Aufnahme eine Gewichtskraft auf das Hebezeug übertragen wird. Denn nur so kann sicher ermittelt werden, dass sich in der Aufnahme tatsächlich das anzuhebende Element, beispielsweise der von dem Hakenmaul aufzunehmende Zapfen befindet.The invention is based on the basic idea to determine the correct absorption of the load by receiving a hoist by checking whether a weight is transmitted to the hoist in the area of the receptacle. Only then can it be determined with certainty that the element to be lifted, for example the pin to be picked up by the hook mouth, is actually located in the receptacle.

Zur Ermittlung dieser Gewichtskraftübertragung schlägt die Erfindung vor, ein Piezoelement derart im Bereich des Hakenmauls eines Hakens eines Krans anzuordnen, dass es durch die Gewichtskraft der von dem Haken getragenen Last nur dann belastet wird, wenn das Hakenmaul den Zapfen richtig hält. Der Einsatz eines Piezoelement bietet dabei den Vorteil einer kompakten Baugröße, die den Einbau auch in genormte Haken, wie beispielsweise den nach DIN 15407 genormten Lamellen-Einfachhaken für Roheisen- und Stahlgießpfannen erlaubt, ohne dass von den genormten Abmessungen abgewichen werden muss. Trotzdem erlaubt das Piezoelement eine zuverlässige Detektion der es belastenden Lasten.To determine this weight transfer, the invention proposes to arrange a piezoelectric element in the region of the hook mouth of a hook of a crane, that it is only loaded by the weight of the load carried by the hook when the hook mouth holds the pin properly. The use of a piezoelectric element offers the advantage of a compact size, which allows installation in standard hooks, such as the standard single-hook according to DIN 15407 for pig iron and steel ladles, without having to deviate from the standard dimensions. Nevertheless, the piezoelectric element allows a reliable detection of the loads loading it.

Beim ordnungsgemäßen Einfädeln des Zapfens in das Hakenmaul unmittelbar nach dem Einleiten des Anhubvorgangs und der damit verbundenen Einleitung der Hubkraft vom Zapfen in die Maulschale tritt eine elastische Verformung der Maulschale auf. Diese Verformung wird von dem Sensor erfasst und mittels einer Auswerteelektronik detektiert. Bei nicht ordnungsgemäßes Einfädeln des Zapfens in die Maulschale, z. B. beim Anheben der Last mit den Hakenspitzen, also außerhalb der Maulschale, wird dieses Sensorsignal aufgrund der vorgesehenen Einbauart nicht erzeugt. Beim Absetzen der Last kommt es zur Entlastung der Maulschalen, die ebenfalls von den Sensoren erfasst und von der Auswerteelektronik detektiert wird.During proper threading of the pin in the hook mouth immediately after the initiation of the lifting operation and the associated initiation of the lifting force from the pin into the jaw occurs elastic deformation of the jaw. This deformation is detected by the sensor and detected by an evaluation. In case of improper threading of the pin in the jaw, z. B. when lifting the load with the hook tips, so outside the jaw, this sensor signal is not generated due to the intended installation. When the load is released, the jaws are relieved, which is also detected by the sensors and detected by the evaluation electronics.

Indem das Piezoelement erfindungsgemäß im Bereich des Hakenmauls und nicht beispielsweise an der Spitze des Hakens oder in Bereichen zwischen dem Hakenmaul und der Aufhängung angeordnet ist, ist sichergestellt, dass das Piezoelement eine Last nur dann anzeigt, wenn sich der die Last übertragende Zapfen tatsächlich in dem Hakenmaul befindet.By the piezoelectric element according to the invention is arranged in the region of the hook mouth and not for example at the top of the hook or in areas between the hook jaw and the suspension, it is ensured that the piezoelectric element indicates a load only when the pin transmitting the load is actually in the Hook mouth is located.

Als Piezoelement eignet sich besonders ein so genannter Cluarz-Messdübel. Diese Sensoren sind geeignet, die Kräfte in Strukturen von Maschinen, Werkzeugen usw. indirekt über die Dehnung zu messen.As a piezoelectric element is particularly suitable as a so-called Cluarz-measuring dowel. These sensors are suitable to measure the forces in structures of machines, tools, etc. indirectly via the strain.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Piezoelement im Bereich des Hakenmaulgrunds angeordnet. Hier kann es ermitteln, ob der Hakenmaulgrund durch eine Gewichtskraft belastet wird. Ist dies der Fall, befindet sich der Zapfen auch im Hakenmaul, so dass die richtige Lastaufnahme zutreffend festgestellt wird. Ferner bietet der Einsatz eines einzigen Piezoelements einen Kostenvorteil.In a preferred embodiment, the piezoelectric element is arranged in the region of the hook mouth. Here it can determine whether the hook mouth is loaded by a weight force. If this is the case, the pin is also in the hook mouth, so that the correct load bearing is detected correctly. Furthermore, the use of a single piezo element offers a cost advantage.

Gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform sind zwei Piezoelemente einander gegenüberliegend außerhalb des Hakenmaulgrunds angeordnet. Aus Sicherheitsgründen kann es beispielsweise gewünscht sein, zwei Piezoelemente in dem Haken vorzusehen, sollte eines der Piezoelemente ausfallen. Um das Hakenmaul im Bereich seines Grunds nicht zu sehr durch Ausnehmungen zur Aufnahme von Piezoelementen zu schwächen, werden die Piezoelemente außerhalb des Hakengrunds, beispielsweise randseits wie die in DE 44 47 393 C1 dargestellten induktiven Sensoren angeordnet. Auch in diesen Stellungen werden die Piezoelemente zumindest durch eine Komponente der von dem Zapfen auf den Haken Übertragenen Gewichtskraft belastet, so dass sie auch in dieser Position die Aufnahme des Zapfens in dem Hakenmaul zuverlässig anzeigen können. Dies gilt umso mehr, wenn durch den Haken schwere Lasten transportiert werden. Dies führt zu einer deutlichen Belastung der Piezoelemente, die sehr zuverlässig ermittelt werden kann.According to an alternative embodiment, two piezo elements are arranged opposite each other outside of the hook mouth. For safety reasons, it may be desired, for example, to provide two piezo elements in the hook should one of the piezo elements fail. In order not to weaken the hook mouth in the region of its base too much by recesses for receiving piezoelectric elements, the piezoelectric elements outside the hook base, for example, on the edge side as in DE 44 47 393 C1 arranged inductive sensors arranged. Also in these positions, the piezo elements are loaded at least by a component of the weight transferred from the pin to the hook, so that they can reliably display the reception of the pin in the hook mouth even in this position. This is even more true when heavy loads are transported through the hook. This leads to a significant load on the piezo elements, which can be determined very reliably.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist mindestens ein Piezoelement in einer Ausnehmung einer Maulschale des Hakenmauls angeordnet. Haken, insbesondere die von Hüttenkränen verwendeten Lamellenhaken weisen häufig eine den Hakenmaulgrund schützende Maulschale auf. Diese Maulschale weist regelmäßig eine Wandstärke von mehr als 35 mm auf, so dass sie die beispielsweise herkömmlichen zylindrischen Piezoelemente mit einem Durchmesser von 10 mm aufnehmen kann, ohne dass eine Veränderung der äußeren Form der Maulschale vorgenommen werden muss. Dies bietet zudem den Vorteil, bestehende Haken einfach nachrüsten zu können, da in der einfachsten Bauform lediglich die Maulschale ausgetauscht, bzw. bearbeitet werden muss, also beispielsweise eine Ausnehmung in die Maulschale eingebracht werden muss.In a preferred embodiment, at least one piezo element is arranged in a recess of a jaw shell of the hook jaw. Hooks, in particular the lamellar hooks used by lodge cranes often have a mouth protecting the hook's mouth. This jaw shell regularly has a wall thickness of more than 35 mm, so that it can accommodate, for example, conventional cylindrical piezoelectric elements with a diameter of 10 mm, without a change in the outer shape of the mouth shell must be made. This also offers the advantage of being able to easily retrofit existing hooks, since in the simplest design, only the mouth socket needs to be exchanged or machined, that is, for example, a recess has to be introduced into the jaw shell.

Durch das Vorsehen eines Kraftsensors in einer Ausnehmung des Hebezeugs selbst und eine Führung der Ausnehmung so, dass sie keine Öffnung zur Aufnahme hat, wird eine Kapselung des Kraftsensors in dem Hebezeug selbst erzielt, wodurch schwächt das Hebezeug selbst zwar im geringfügigen Maße geschwächt wird, der Messeinrichtung jedoch eine gute Temperaturbeständigkeit in Ermangelung eines direkten Kontakts mit dem Bauteil der Last, an dem die Last angehoben wird, gegeben wird. Je nach Verlaufsführung der Ausnehmung übt die sie umgebende Wandung des Hebezeugs sogar eine isolierende Wirkung aus. Ferner ist die vorgeschlagene Messanordnung unempfindlich gegenüber Hüttenstaub, da ein Kontakt mit dem Hüttenstaub gut vermieden werden kann. Dieser lagert sich nämlich häufig in Aufnahmen, wie beispielsweise der des Hebezeugs ab. Der Austritt der Ausnehmung ist jedoch nicht in der Aufnahme ausgebildet, sondern kann beispielsweise an einer Stelle des Hebezeugs erfolgen, an der kein Ablagern von Hüttenstaub möglich ist, wie beispielsweise an einer Unterseite des Hebezeugs. Ebenfalls ist die vorgeschlagene Messanordnung widerstandsfähig gegenüber mechanischer Beanspruchung, da der Kraftsensor in der Ausnehmung geschützt ist.By providing a force sensor in a recess of the hoist itself and a guide of the recess so that it has no opening for receiving, an encapsulation of the force sensor is achieved in the hoist itself, which weakens the hoist itself is indeed weakened to a small extent, the However, the measuring device given a good temperature resistance in the absence of a direct contact with the component of the load on which the load is raised becomes. Depending on the routing of the recess, the surrounding wall of the hoist even exerts an insulating effect. Furthermore, the proposed measuring arrangement is insensitive to metallurgical dust, since contact with the metallurgical dust can be well avoided. This is often stored in recordings, such as those of the hoist from. However, the outlet of the recess is not formed in the receptacle, but may for example take place at a point of the hoist, where no deposition of cottage dust is possible, such as on an underside of the hoist. Also, the proposed measuring arrangement is resistant to mechanical stress, since the force sensor is protected in the recess.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die das Piezoelement aufnehmende Ausnehmung senkrecht zu der durch die Krümmung der Maulschale definierten Radialrichtung der Maulschale ausgerichtet. Dies ermöglicht es, die Ausnehmung seitwärts zugänglich zu machen, wodurch das Einführen und Wechseln des Piezoelements vereinfacht wird. Zudem bleibt die dem Zapfen zugewandte Innenoberfläche der Maulschale unangetastet, so dass die mit den aus DE 44 47 393 C1 bekannten Abdeckungen von Ausnehmungen an der Innenoberfläche der Maulschale bekannten Probleme vermieden werden können. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Ausnehmung von der Unterseite in die Maulschale eingebracht. Somit gibt es keine Öffnungen, Bohrungen oder ähnliches im Bereich der Tragfläche der Maulschalen und demzufolge ist eine Beeinträchtigung der Sensoren durch die Umgebungsbedingungen ausgeschlossen.In a preferred embodiment, the recess receiving the piezoelectric element is oriented perpendicular to the radial direction of the jaw shell defined by the curvature of the jaw shell. This makes it possible to make the recess sideways, whereby the insertion and replacement of the piezoelectric element is simplified. In addition, the pin facing inner surface of the jaw remains untouched, so that with the off DE 44 47 393 C1 Known covers of recesses on the inner surface of the jaw known problems can be avoided. In a further preferred embodiment, the recess is introduced from the underside into the mouth shell. Thus, there are no openings, holes or the like in the area of the support surface of the jaw claws and, consequently, a deterioration of the sensors is excluded by the environmental conditions.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind Maßnahmen vorgesehen, um Kabel, die zur Verbindung des Piezoelements mit einer Auswerteeinheit notwendig sind, geschützt zu führen. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform soll vermieden werden, dass ein Kabel entlang einer äußeren Oberfläche eines Bauteils des Hakens geführt wird, da sich ein solches Kabel an umliegenden Elementen verhaken und abreißen kann oder beim Kontakt mit anderen Elementen gequetscht und beschädigt werden kann. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Maulschale des Hakens eine Innenoberfläche, die in Kontakt mit dem Zapfen der Last kommt, sowie eine an die Innenoberfläche angrenzende, im Winkel zur Innenoberfläche stehende Seitenfläche auf, in der eine Nut vorgesehen ist, die von der das Piezoelement aufnehmenden Ausnehmung entlang der Seitenfläche verläuft. In diese Nut kann ein Kabel eingelegt werden, so dass verhindert wird, dass dieses Kabel beispielsweise an der Außenfläche der Seitenfläche anliegt und dort beschädigt wird. Insbesondere bevorzugt wird diese Nut durch einen aufgesetzten Deckel verschlossen, so dass die Nut und insbesondere auch die das Piezoelement aufnehmende Ausnehmung geschützt werden.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, measures are provided to lead cables that are necessary for connecting the piezoelectric element with an evaluation, protected. In a preferred embodiment, a cable is to be prevented from being guided along an outer surface of a component of the hook, since such a cable can catch and tear against surrounding elements or be crushed and damaged in contact with other elements. In a preferred embodiment, the mouth of the hook has an inner surface, which comes into contact with the pin of the load, and an adjacent to the inner surface, standing at an angle to the inner surface side surface in which a groove is provided, which receives from the piezoelectric element Recess runs along the side surface. In this groove, a cable can be inserted, so that this cable is prevented, for example, rests against the outer surface of the side surface and is damaged there. In particular, this groove is preferably closed by an attached cover, so that the groove and in particular the recess receiving the piezoelectric element are protected.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform endet die Nut an einer Kabelausnehmung in der Maulschale, die sich von der Seitenfläche in das Innere der Maulschale erstreckt. Abhängig von der Konstruktion des Hakens hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, das von der Maulschale fortzuführende Kabel im Bereich der Mitte (gesehen in Breitenrichtung des Hakens) der Maulschale aus der Maulschale herauszuführen und von dort beispielsweise durch eine Durchgangsbohrung in dem Haken weiterzuführen. Diese mittige Führung des Kabels bewirkt einen besonders guten Schutz des Kabels.In a preferred embodiment, the groove terminates at a cable recess in the jaw shell which extends from the side surface into the interior of the jaw shell. Depending on the construction of the hook, it has proven to be advantageous to lead out the cable to be continued by the mouth shell in the region of the center (as seen in the width direction of the hook) of the jaw shell from the mouth socket and from there continue, for example, through a through hole in the hook. This central guide of the cable ensures a particularly good protection of the cable.

Insbesondere bevorzugt ist der Haken als Lamellenhaken eines Hüttenkrans ausgebildet, da die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bei Hüttenkränen besonders groß sind.Particularly preferably, the hook is designed as a lamellar hook of a huts crane, since the advantages achieved by the invention in huts cranes are particularly large.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird ein mit dem Piezoelement verbundenes Kabel in einen Kanal einer Blindlamelle geführt. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass das Kabel vor dem Hüttenstaub, der direkten Strahlungswärme und vor mechanischer Beschädigung geschützt wird.In a preferred embodiment, a cable connected to the piezoelement is guided into a channel of a blind lamella. This has the advantage of protecting the cable from the house dust, the direct radiant heat and from mechanical damage.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist an das Piezoelement eine Auswerteeinheit angeschlossen, die aus dem von dem Piezoelement abgegebenen Signal das Gewicht der von dem Haken aufgenommenen Last ermitteln kann.In a preferred embodiment, an evaluation unit is connected to the piezoelectric element, which can determine the weight of the load received by the hook from the signal emitted by the piezoelectric element.

Alternativ kann eine Auswerteeinheit vorgesehen sein, die das von dem Piezoelement abgegebenen Signal in ein binäres Signal umwandelt, wobei der eine Wert die Belastung des Piezoelements mit einer Gewichtskraft oberhalb eines bestimmten Schwellenwerts angibt und der andere Wert die fehlende Belastung angibt.Alternatively, an evaluation unit can be provided which converts the signal output by the piezoelectric element into a binary signal, wherein one value indicates the loading of the piezoelectric element with a weight force above a certain threshold value and the other value indicates the missing load.

Das von dem Piezoelement abgegebenen Signal kann von einem im Bereich des Hakens oder an dem Haken vorgesehenen Ladungsverstärker verstärkt werden. Dies ist insbesondere bevorzugt, wenn eine (die) Auswerteeinheit selbst deutlich beabstandet von dem Haken angeordnet ist. Beispielsweise kann die Auswerteeinheit in der Kranführerkabine angeordnet sein. Insbesondere bevorzugt ist der Ladungsverstärker durch ein spezielles Gehäuse temperaturgeschützt oder gegebenenfalls sogar gekühlt. Dies erleichtert den Einsatz eines Ladungsverstärkers im Bereich des Hebens flüssiger Metallschmelzen und der von diesen abgestrahlten Wärme.The signal emitted by the piezoelectric element can be amplified by a charge amplifier provided in the region of the hook or on the hook. This is particularly preferred if one (the) evaluation unit itself is arranged at a considerable distance from the hook. For example, the evaluation unit may be arranged in the crane cab. Particularly preferably, the charge amplifier is temperature-protected by a special housing or optionally even cooled. This facilitates the use of a charge amplifier in the area of lifting molten metal melts and the heat radiated from them.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Blindlamelle eines erfindungsgemäßen Lamellenhakens mit einer in das Hakenmaul eingesetzten Maulschale,
Fig. 2 eine
vergrößerte Teilansicht eines Details der Blindlamelle und der Maulschale nach Fig. 1 und
Fig. 3
ein weiteres Detail der Maulschale des erfindungsgemäßen Lamellenhakens.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only one exemplary embodiment. It shows:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of a blind blade of a laminated hook according to the invention with a jaw shell inserted into the hook mouth,
Fig. 2 a
enlarged partial view of a detail of the blind blade and the mouth socket behind Fig. 1 and
Fig. 3
a further detail of the mouth of the lamella hook according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt den unteren Bereich einer Blindlamelle 1 eines aus mehreren nebeneinander angeordneten Lamellen zusammengesetzten Lamellenhakens, wie er beispielsweise in DIN 15407 normiert ist. In dem Hakenmaul der Lamellen ist eine Maulschale 3 angeordnet. Die Maulschale 3 nimmt den Zapfen 4 einer von dem Haken aufgenommenen Last, beispielsweise einer Roheisen- und Stahlgießpfanne auf. Fig. 1 shows the lower portion of a blind slat 1 a composed of several juxtaposed slats lamellar hook, as standardized, for example, in DIN 15407. In the hook mouth of the slats a mouth 3 is arranged. The jaw cup 3 receives the pin 4 of a load received by the hook, for example, a pig iron and steel ladle.

Die Blindlamelle weist eine durch die Blindlamelle 1 führende und entlang der Blindlamelle weiterführende Ausnehmung 5 auf, in der ein Kabel 6 führt wird. In der im Winkel zu der die Last aufnehmenden Innenoberfläche der Maulschale 3 stehenden Seitenfläche 7 der Maulschale 3 ist eine Nut 8 vorgesehen. Wie aus Fig. 2 besonders gut ersichtlich, verläuft diese Ausnehmung entlang der Seitenfläche 7 der Maulschale 3. Dabei verbindet sie eine Ausnehmung 9 mit einer Kabelausnehmung, 10, die sich von der Seitenfläche in das Innere der Maulschale 3 erstreckt. Diese Kabelausnehmung ermöglicht es, wie aus der perspektivischen Darstellung der Fig. 2 gut ersichtlich, das Kabel 6 im Bereich der Mitte der Maulschale 3 aus der Maulschale 3 heraus und in die Ausnehmung 5 zu führen. In der Ausnehmung 9 ist ein Piezoelement 20 vorgesehen.The blind blade has a leading through the blind blade 1 and along the blind blade continuing recess 5, in which a cable 6 is performed. In the angle to the load-receiving inner surface of the jaw 3 standing side surface 7 of the mouth 3, a groove 8 is provided. How out Fig. 2 Particularly clearly visible, this recess extends along the side surface 7 of the mouth shell 3. In this case, it connects a recess 9 with a Kabelausnehmung, 10, which extends from the side surface into the interior of the mouth 3. This cable recess makes it possible, as shown in the perspective view of Fig. 2 clearly visible, the cable 6 in the middle of the mouth 3 out of the jaw 3 out and into the recess 5. In the recess 9, a piezoelectric element 20 is provided.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt die Anordnung des Piezoelements 20 in der Ausnehmung. 9. Zudem ist in dieser Figur zu erkennen, dass die Blindlamelle 1 zwischen weiteren Lamellen 11 angeordnet ist. Zudem zeigt Fig. 3, dass die Ausnehmung 9 und die Nut 8 durch einen Deckel 12 verschlossen werden kann.The Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of the piezoelectric element 20 in the recess. 9. In addition, it can be seen in this figure that the dummy lamella 1 is arranged between further lamellae 11. In addition shows Fig. 3 in that the recess 9 and the groove 8 can be closed by a cover 12.

Zur Aufnahme einer Last wird der Haken vom Kranführer so an den Zapfen herangeführt, dass dieser von dem Hakenmaul aufgenommen wird. Dabei kommt der Zapfen bei richtiger Aufnahme der Last auf der Maulschale zu liegen. Ein leichtes Anheben des Hakens bewirkt, dass das Gewicht des Zapfens 2 die Maulschale presst. Dieser Druck wird von der Maulschale zumindest teilweise an das Piezoelement 20 weitergeleitet, das dadurch belastet wird und ein elektrisches Signal abgibt. Die Abgabe des elektrischen Signals erlaubt es dem Kranführer zu erkennen, dass die Last richtig in dem Hakenmaul aufgenommen wurde und nicht beispielsweise auf der Spitze des Hakens aufliegt.To pick up a load, the hook is brought by the crane operator to the pin so that it is picked up by the hook mouth. In this case, the pin comes to lie on the jaw shell with proper recording of the load. A slight lifting of the hook causes the weight of the pin 2 to press the jaw. This pressure is at least partially forwarded by the jaw shell to the piezoelectric element 20, which is thereby loaded and emits an electrical signal. The delivery of the electrical signal allows the crane operator to recognize that the load has been properly recorded in the hook mouth and not rests for example on the top of the hook.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt ferner, dass in der Maulschale 3 zwei Ausnehmungen 9 vorgesehen sind, in denen redundante Piezoelemente angeordnet sind, um auch beim Ausfall eines Piezoelements ein zuverlässiges Signal über die richtige Aufnahme der Last zu erhalten.The Fig. 1 shows further that in the jaw 3, two recesses 9 are provided, in which redundant piezo elements are arranged in order to obtain a reliable signal on the correct recording of the load even in case of failure of a piezoelectric element.

Claims (9)

  1. Hook of a crane having at least one sensor which is arranged in the region of the hook opening, characterised in that the sensor is a piezoelectric element (20) which is arranged in the region of the hook opening so that it is then only loaded by the weight of a load carried by the hook if a trunnion (4) of the load is held in the hook opening.
  2. Hook according to Claim 1, characterised in that the piezoelectric element (20) is arranged in the region of the base of the hook opening.
  3. Hook according to Claim 1, characterised by two piezoelectric elements (20) which are arranged opposite one another outside the immediate base of the hook opening.
  4. Hook according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that at least one piezoelectric element (20) is arranged in a recess (9) of a cup (3) of the hook opening.
  5. Hook according to Claim 4, characterised in that the recess (9) runs perpendicular to the radial direction of the cup (3) of the opening defined by the curvature of the cup of the opening.
  6. Hook according to Claim 4 or 5, characterised by an inner surface of the cup (3) of the opening, which comes into contact with the trunnion (4) of the load, and a side surface (7), adjacent to the inner surface and situated at an angle to the inner surface, in which a groove (8) is provided, which starting from the recess (9) which accommodates the piezoelectric element (20), runs along the side surface (7).
  7. Hook according to Claim 6, characterised in that the groove (8) ends at a cable recess (10) in the cup (3) of the opening, which extends from the side surface (7) into the interior of the cup (3) of the opening.
  8. Hook according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the hook is designed as a laminated hook of a foundry crane.
  9. Hook according to Claim 8, characterised in that a cable (6) connected to the piezoelectric element (20) is guided in a channel of a dummy lamella plate (1).
EP07702625A 2006-01-10 2007-01-09 Hook of a crane Not-in-force EP1979259B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006001423A DE102006001423A1 (en) 2006-01-10 2006-01-10 Hook of a crane
PCT/EP2007/000115 WO2007080090A1 (en) 2006-01-10 2007-01-09 Hook of a crane

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1979259A1 EP1979259A1 (en) 2008-10-15
EP1979259B1 true EP1979259B1 (en) 2010-09-29

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Family Applications (1)

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EP07702625A Not-in-force EP1979259B1 (en) 2006-01-10 2007-01-09 Hook of a crane

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EP (1) EP1979259B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE482900T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102006001423A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007080090A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9751731B1 (en) 2013-12-19 2017-09-05 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Reel hoist interlock system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012015095A1 (en) 2012-08-01 2014-02-06 Vdeh-Betriebsforschungsinstitut Gmbh Hook for crane, has angle measuring unit, which determines displacement of center of gravity of hook in desired position, particularly in perpendicular direction, where angle measuring unit determines deflection from desired position
DE102013017803B4 (en) 2013-10-28 2017-01-05 Vdeh-Betriebsforschungsinstitut Gmbh "Failure detection system, hoist, crane and misalignment detection method"
CN108750926B (en) * 2018-05-29 2023-11-03 中铁大桥局集团有限公司 Intelligent lifting hook, monitoring system and use method of intelligent lifting hook

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT192857B (en) * 1955-12-31 1957-11-11 Voest Ag Control device for lifting devices, in particular tong bars
GB882989A (en) * 1959-02-20 1961-11-22 Schenck Gmbh Carl Device for measuring forces
DE4447393C1 (en) * 1994-12-23 1996-06-13 Mannesmann Ag Load reception system for crane hook

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9751731B1 (en) 2013-12-19 2017-09-05 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Reel hoist interlock system

Also Published As

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DE102006001423A1 (en) 2007-07-12
DE502007005192D1 (en) 2010-11-11
EP1979259A1 (en) 2008-10-15
WO2007080090A1 (en) 2007-07-19
ATE482900T1 (en) 2010-10-15

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