EP1975960A1 - Bistabiler magnetischer Betätiger, elektronischer Steuerkreis und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Betätigers. - Google Patents

Bistabiler magnetischer Betätiger, elektronischer Steuerkreis und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Betätigers. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1975960A1
EP1975960A1 EP07445013A EP07445013A EP1975960A1 EP 1975960 A1 EP1975960 A1 EP 1975960A1 EP 07445013 A EP07445013 A EP 07445013A EP 07445013 A EP07445013 A EP 07445013A EP 1975960 A1 EP1975960 A1 EP 1975960A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
drive system
armature
coils
actuator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07445013A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Falah Hosini
Gabriele De Natale
Christer Thornell-Pers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to EP07445013A priority Critical patent/EP1975960A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2008/053814 priority patent/WO2008119785A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2008/053820 priority patent/WO2008119786A1/en
Publication of EP1975960A1 publication Critical patent/EP1975960A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1872—Bistable or bidirectional current devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/226—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil for bistable relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature

Definitions

  • the invention is related to the field of drive systems for operating circuit breakers.
  • the invention is related to magnetic actuators used in actuation mechanisms of the circuit breakers.
  • Protective relays are used throughout the electrical power distribution system for providing protection and control.
  • the protective relays detect and isolate faults on transmission and distribution lines by opening and closing circuit breakers. Circuit breakers are thus an important part of power distribution systems and protect the electrical systems from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
  • the circuit breaker is operated by a suitable drive system, which performs the opening and closing of the circuit breaker, and may, for example, be implemented by a magnetic actuator.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a state of the art linear magnetic actuator, suitable for operating a circuit breaker.
  • the actuator 1 comprises a central cylindrical moving armature 2, permanent magnets 3, a closing coil 4, an opening coil 5 and a stator 6.
  • the actuator 1 also comprises a shaft 7 extending outside the stator 6 to drive a mechanism for opening and closing circuit breaker contacts.
  • the armature 2 is held at the two ends of its stroke by a magnetic flux produced by the permanent magnets 3; the permanent magnets 3 thus provide a magnetic lock for keeping the armature 2 at one of the end positions.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 1 is held in an open position and an air gap 8 is present below the armature 2 adjacent to the closing coil 4.
  • the associated circuit breaker contacts (not illustrated) are thereby held in an open position (tripped).
  • the closing coil 4 has to be energized.
  • the magnetic flux produced by the current flowing through the coil windings of the closing coil 4 is concentrated across the air gap 8 and thereby overcomes the force holding the armature 2 in open position. This causes the armature 2 to be driven over to the closed position.
  • the opening operation is performed in a similar way by energizing the opening coil 5.
  • Figures 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate the magnetic fields corresponding to the different positions.
  • figure 2A illustrates the magnetic fields when the magnetic actuator 1 is in the open position and the closing coil 4 has just been energized
  • figure 2B illustrates the magnetic field when the magnetic flux produced by the current flowing through the coil windings of the closing coil 4 increases while the force holding the armature 2 in open position is decreased
  • figure 2C illustrates the magnetic fields when the armature 2 of the magnetic actuator 1 is driven to the closed position.
  • the actuator is thus pulled off of the permanent magnet lock.
  • the flux generated by the opening coil 5 must be made to exceed the permanent magnet flux.
  • substantial amounts of energy is required, which adds to the operation costs. Further, high peak currents may occur and this also adds to the costs, since rather expensive high rated components are required.
  • a drive system for a circuit breaker comprises an electromagnetic actuator having a first coil, a second coil, and an armature arranged to be movable between a first and a second end position by means of the coils.
  • both coils are energized simultaneously for effectuating the movement of the armature between the two end positions.
  • the coils are energized one at a time; one coil for moving the armature to one of the end positions and the other coil for moving the armature to the opposite end position.
  • the drive system further comprises permanent magnets for keeping the armature locked at the end positions.
  • the drive system in accordance with the invention releases the actuator locker provided by the permanent magnets instead of pulling the actuator off of the locker as in the prior art. That is, the permanent magnet locker is neutralized to release the armature of the actuator.
  • huge energy savings can be made, approximately up to 60% energy reduction. Up to 80% lower peak currents are obtained, and the rated current for the power switches can be reduced. This in turn provides a less expensive manufacturing, since lower rated components can be used. Lower peak current also entails lower magnetic flux, which in turn enables a reduction of the physical size of the actuator. This also entails a cost saving of up to 50%.
  • the inventive drive system can be utilized in connection with different kinds of actuators. In particular, the inventive drive system enables the use of one common power electronic platform for both the conventional double coil actuator and the new developed single coil actuator.
  • the first and second coils are arranged in an anti-series connection. They may thus simultaneously be fed a negative and a positive current, respectively. This is a convenient and easily implemented way of accomplishing the simultaneous feeding thereby enabling the desired energy savings.
  • the coils are arranged so that the magnetic field of one of the coils counteract the magnetic field of the permanent magnets while the magnetic field of the other coil attract the armature, thereby moving the armature to the opposite end position.
  • a method for powering a drive system for a circuit breaker is provided, whereby advantages similar to the above are achieved.
  • a faster response of the moving armature of the drive system is provided as well as reduced energy consumption of the closing and opening operations of the circuit breakers.
  • the drive system 20 for a circuit breaker in accordance with the invention comprises an electromagnetic actuator 10, like the prior art actuator described with reference to figure 1 .
  • the electromagnetic actuator 10 comprises a central cylindrical moving armature, in the following denoted plunger 12, permanent magnets 13, a closing coil 14, an opening coil 15 and a magnetic yoke 16, preferably made of iron.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 10 is housed within a supporting structure 19.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 10 also comprises a shaft 17 extending outside the supporting structure 19 to drive a mechanism (exemplary mechanism partly shown at reference numeral 18) for opening and closing the circuit breaker contacts (not shown).
  • the circuit breaker may be any suitable one, for example a medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker.
  • the magnetic fields of the coils 14, 15 when energized and the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 13 are indicated throughout the figures in a conventional manner.
  • the drive system 20 further comprises an electronic drive circuit device, in the following denoted powering device 21 and illustrated schematically in figure 3 by a rectangle in dashed lines.
  • the powering device 21 of the drive system 20 is, inter alia, used for switching the drive system 20 between its opening and closing positions. That is, for instance when a fault is detected and there is a need to trip the circuit breaker, the powering device 21 causes the drive system 20 to switch the circuit breaker to its open position.
  • the circuit breaker may also be reset to assume its normal operation by switching the drive system 20 to its closing position, whereby the circuit breaker is switched to its closed position (i.e. reclosed after having been tripped).
  • FIG 4 A first embodiment of the powering device 21 suitable for use in the drive system 20 is illustrated in figure 4 .
  • the opening coil 15 and the closing coil 14 are connected in anti-series.
  • the schematic shown in figure 4 is a standard H-bridge driving the opening coil 15 and the closing coil 14 in anti series.
  • the opening coil 15 is excited with a negative current.
  • the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 13 is thereby counter-balanced, or stated differently: the permanent magnets 13 are neutralized.
  • the plunger 12 is thereby released from the magnetic locker that the permanent magnets 13 provide, before start of movement of the plunger 12.
  • the movement of the plunger is then attracted by the other coil, in this case the closing coil 14.
  • the closing coil 14 is excited with a negative current.
  • the working coil is either the opening coil 15 or the closing coil 14 depending on the desired operation, i.e. the coil that attracts the plunger 12.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the magnetic fields during the initialization of the closing operation.
  • the magnetic flux induced by the opening coil 15 is illustrated by the outer field line (arrow I).
  • the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 13 is illustrated by the inner field line (arrow II), as well as the horizontal field lines. From the figure it is thus clear how the magnetic flux induced by the opening coil 15 counter-balances the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 13.
  • the invention has been described and illustrated in connection with a double-coil electromagnetic actuator 10. It is to be noted that the above-described powering device used for powering the actuator 10 may be used for powering a single-coil actuator as well. A circuit diagram illustrating this is shown in figure 6 . In a single coil actuator, the current is alternated in order to force the plunger 12 in different directions.
  • separate circuits could be used for controlling the respective coils.
  • a standard H-bridge could be used for controlling the opening coil 15 and another standard H-bridge could be used for controlling the closing coil 14. It is realized that twice the number of components would be required and thus twice the cost. However, in certain applications this solution could be advantageous, and in view of the lower energy consumption provided by the anti-series connected coils, separate circuits could still be economically justifiable.
  • FIG. 7 Another embodiment of the powering device 21 suitable for use in the drive system 20 is illustrated in figure 7 .
  • an additional power switch is added, as well as two free wheeling diodes.
  • the added power switch allows overdriving the closing coil 14/opening coil 15 during closing operation/opening operation.
  • Figures 8A-8C illustrate different phases for the closing operation.
  • Figure 8A illustrates the start of the closing operation, the two coils 14, 15 being connected in anti-series.
  • the power switches Z1 and Z4 are switched ON and the unbroken line indicate the current paths.
  • the duration of this phase can be about 20 ms or until the current reaches about 30 A.
  • the plunger 12 starts to move (downwards in figure 3 ).
  • the induced voltage in the opening coil 15 is at its maximum.
  • Figure 8B illustrates the second phase, when the closing coil is overdriving.
  • the plunger 12 is released and has started moving.
  • the whole dc-link voltage is applied across the working coil (i.e. the closing coil 14).
  • the current will increase with significantly higher di/dt, which in turn results in a higher plunger speed, compared with the previous embodiment.
  • the power switches Z1 and Z5 are switched ON and the unbroken line indicate the current paths. Again, in the figure, the dotted line indicates currents when the power switches are off.
  • Figure 8C illustrates the final discharging of the closing coil 14. All the power switches are turned off and the dotted lines indicate the currents. The duration of this phase may be approximately 5 to 10 ms.
  • the second embodiment of the powering device 21 is primarily suitable for a double-coil electromagnetic actuator.
  • the second embodiment of the powering device 21 may speed up the plunger movement further and the rated currents for the power switches may possibly be reduced.
  • FIGs 9A-9E illustrate the magnetic fields for different steps of the method in accordance with the invention.
  • the interaction between the magnetic fluxes is illustrated for the first described embodiment of the powering device 21 (the "anti-series connection").
  • the electromagnetic actuator 10 is in its open position and the permanent magnets 13 keep the plunger 12 (armature) at this first end position by the permanent magnetic flux.
  • Figure 9B illustrates the case when a negative current energizes the opening coil 15 and a positive current energizes the closing coil 14. The opening coil 15 thereby provides a magnetic field counteracting the magnetic field provided by the permanent magnets 13.
  • Figure 9C illustrates how the closing coil 14 starts to attract the plunger 12.
  • Figure 9D illustrates the plunger 12 when it has reached about half way towards the closing position, wherein the closing position is the second end position of the plunger 12.
  • Figure 9E finally, illustrates the plunger being in the second end position, i.e. the closing position. As shown, the permanent magnets 13 now hold the plunger 12 locked in the closed position.
  • the opening coil 15 and the closing coil 14 are energized substantially simultaneously in order to move the plunger 12.
  • the closing coil 14 or the opening coil 15 is fed with a negative current, whereby the permanent magnets 13 are neutralized by the coil being excited with the negative current.
  • the other coil is fed with a current so as to move the plunger 12 towards one of its end positions.
  • the permanent magnets 13 again hold it locked at the end position.
  • the step of neutralizing the permanent magnets 13 may be initiated before the other coil, i.e. the working coil, is energized in order to attract the plunger.
  • the working coil may be energized after a little while. They are however working in parallel for effectuating the movement of the plunger.
  • the present invention provides an inventive arrangement and way of operating an electromagnetic actuator.
  • only one of the coils of the actuator is used at a time; the closing coil is energized when a closing operation is to be performed and the opening coil is energized when the opening operation is to be performed.
  • both coils are utilized in the opening operation as well as in the closing operation.
  • a substantial energy saving is thereby accomplished, along with improved peak currents and faster response times of the moving armature of the actuator.
  • the inventive drive system also enables significant cost saving for the actuator since the amount of iron can be reduced with up to 50%.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
EP07445013A 2007-03-30 2007-03-30 Bistabiler magnetischer Betätiger, elektronischer Steuerkreis und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Betätigers. Withdrawn EP1975960A1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07445013A EP1975960A1 (de) 2007-03-30 2007-03-30 Bistabiler magnetischer Betätiger, elektronischer Steuerkreis und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Betätigers.
PCT/EP2008/053814 WO2008119785A1 (en) 2007-03-30 2008-03-31 A bistable magnetic actuator for circuit breakers with electronic drive circuit and method for operating said actuator
PCT/EP2008/053820 WO2008119786A1 (en) 2007-03-30 2008-03-31 A bistable magnetic actuator for circuit breakers with electronic drive circuit and method for operating said actuator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07445013A EP1975960A1 (de) 2007-03-30 2007-03-30 Bistabiler magnetischer Betätiger, elektronischer Steuerkreis und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Betätigers.

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EP1975960A1 true EP1975960A1 (de) 2008-10-01

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EP07445013A Withdrawn EP1975960A1 (de) 2007-03-30 2007-03-30 Bistabiler magnetischer Betätiger, elektronischer Steuerkreis und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Betätigers.

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EP (1) EP1975960A1 (de)
WO (2) WO2008119786A1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010049234A1 (de) * 2008-10-29 2010-05-06 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Elektromagnet
CN101867238A (zh) * 2010-06-28 2010-10-20 吉林省埃尔顿电气有限公司 一体化永磁环镶嵌自定位式永磁结构
EP2325858A1 (de) * 2009-11-20 2011-05-25 ABB Technology AG Mittelspannungsschutzschalteranordnung
US20150015347A1 (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Device for detecting resetting of a circuit breaker, actuator of a separating mechanism of the circuit breaker contacts, electric circuit breaker and use of an induced current to generate a resetting indication signal
EP3032560B1 (de) 2012-05-07 2017-04-05 S & C Electric Co. Bistabile aktuatorvorrichtung
WO2020093132A1 (fr) * 2018-11-05 2020-05-14 HYDRO-QUéBEC Actionneur électromagnétique bistable
US11495380B2 (en) 2017-02-01 2022-11-08 Rhefor Gbr Bistable hoisting solenoid

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2330609B1 (de) * 2009-12-04 2012-07-25 ABB Technology AG Magnetische Betätigungseinheit für eine Schutzschalteranordnung
DE102010041086A1 (de) 2010-09-21 2012-03-22 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Aktuatorvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Ansteuerung
JP6422457B2 (ja) * 2016-03-04 2018-11-14 三菱電機株式会社 電磁アクチュエータおよびそれを用いた電磁リレー
CN106531489B (zh) * 2016-11-25 2018-08-10 贵州泰永长征技术股份有限公司 一种中压双电源转换开关永磁驱动结构
DE102017000907A1 (de) 2017-02-01 2018-08-02 Rhefor Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Arno Mecklenburg, 10999 Berlin) Elektromagnetischer Stopper für eine Stückgut-Förderanlage
US11912253B2 (en) 2020-03-10 2024-02-27 Deere & Company Symmetrically redundant solenoid valve for brake actuator and system thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0871192A2 (de) * 1996-11-11 1998-10-14 ABB Research Ltd. Magnetischer Betätiger
DE19929572A1 (de) * 1999-06-22 2001-01-04 Siemens Ag Magnetischer Linearantrieb
US20040093718A1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2004-05-20 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Actuator, method of manufacturing the actuator and circuit breaker provided with the actuator

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CH426414A (fr) * 1965-08-27 1966-12-15 Lucifer Sa Electro-valve
US3814376A (en) * 1972-08-09 1974-06-04 Parker Hannifin Corp Solenoid operated valve with magnetic latch
CN1003822B (zh) * 1984-10-09 1989-04-05 三菱矿业水泥株式会社 电磁执行机构
US4533890A (en) * 1984-12-24 1985-08-06 General Motors Corporation Permanent magnet bistable solenoid actuator
US4690371A (en) * 1985-10-22 1987-09-01 Innovus Electromagnetic valve with permanent magnet armature
ES2133339T3 (es) * 1992-03-31 1999-09-16 Ellenberger & Poensgen Interruptor de proteccion con mando a distancia.
GB2299896B (en) * 1995-04-11 2000-03-08 Mckean Brian Ass Ltd Improvements in and relating to permanent magnet bistable actuators
US20020153982A1 (en) * 2001-04-19 2002-10-24 R. Audemars Sa Electromagnetic actuator
JP4192645B2 (ja) * 2003-03-24 2008-12-10 三菱電機株式会社 操作回路およびこれを用いた電力用開閉装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0871192A2 (de) * 1996-11-11 1998-10-14 ABB Research Ltd. Magnetischer Betätiger
DE19929572A1 (de) * 1999-06-22 2001-01-04 Siemens Ag Magnetischer Linearantrieb
US20040093718A1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2004-05-20 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Actuator, method of manufacturing the actuator and circuit breaker provided with the actuator

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010049234A1 (de) * 2008-10-29 2010-05-06 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Elektromagnet
US8629366B2 (en) 2009-11-20 2014-01-14 Abb Technology Ag Medium voltage circuit breaker arrangement
EP2325858A1 (de) * 2009-11-20 2011-05-25 ABB Technology AG Mittelspannungsschutzschalteranordnung
WO2011060921A1 (en) * 2009-11-20 2011-05-26 Abb Technology Ag Medium voltage circuit breaker arrangement
CN102687228A (zh) * 2009-11-20 2012-09-19 Abb技术股份公司 中压断路器装置
CN101867238B (zh) * 2010-06-28 2012-04-18 吉林省埃尔顿电气有限公司 一体化永磁环镶嵌自定位式永磁结构
CN101867238A (zh) * 2010-06-28 2010-10-20 吉林省埃尔顿电气有限公司 一体化永磁环镶嵌自定位式永磁结构
EP3032560B1 (de) 2012-05-07 2017-04-05 S & C Electric Co. Bistabile aktuatorvorrichtung
EP3032560B2 (de) † 2012-05-07 2023-03-01 S & C Electric Co. Bistabile aktuatorvorrichtung
US20150015347A1 (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Device for detecting resetting of a circuit breaker, actuator of a separating mechanism of the circuit breaker contacts, electric circuit breaker and use of an induced current to generate a resetting indication signal
US9245697B2 (en) * 2013-07-09 2016-01-26 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Device for detecting resetting of a circuit breaker, actuator of a separating mechanism of the circuit breaker contacts, electric circuit breaker and use of an induced current to generate a resetting indication signal
US11495380B2 (en) 2017-02-01 2022-11-08 Rhefor Gbr Bistable hoisting solenoid
WO2020093132A1 (fr) * 2018-11-05 2020-05-14 HYDRO-QUéBEC Actionneur électromagnétique bistable

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Publication number Publication date
WO2008119785A1 (en) 2008-10-09
WO2008119786A1 (en) 2008-10-09

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