EP1971805B1 - Heating burner - Google Patents

Heating burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1971805B1
EP1971805B1 EP06841098A EP06841098A EP1971805B1 EP 1971805 B1 EP1971805 B1 EP 1971805B1 EP 06841098 A EP06841098 A EP 06841098A EP 06841098 A EP06841098 A EP 06841098A EP 1971805 B1 EP1971805 B1 EP 1971805B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
heating burner
interval
ignition
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06841098A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1971805A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Schaller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ryll-Tech GmbH
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Ryll-Tech GmbH
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102006014633A external-priority patent/DE102006014633B4/en
Application filed by Ryll-Tech GmbH filed Critical Ryll-Tech GmbH
Publication of EP1971805A1 publication Critical patent/EP1971805A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1971805B1 publication Critical patent/EP1971805B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/04—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying action being obtained by centrifugal action
    • F23D11/06—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying action being obtained by centrifugal action using a horizontal shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/99009—Combustion process using vegetable derived fuels, e.g. from rapes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/22—Pilot burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating burner for a heating system.
  • Heating burners are used for a variety of applications. They are used to heat buildings, surfaces and liquids, whether for everyday use or, for example, for a swimming pool. Even though the requirements that arise in the individual application areas sometimes differ greatly, a requirement for the burner is common to all application scenarios. It is necessary to set a certain required temperature at any time in the system to be heated, wherein the temperature can vary greatly over time, but the reaction time of the heating burner should be short. To make matters worse, the system often reacts lazily to the heating of the burner.
  • the heating burners have an input that determines the desired setpoint temperature and at least one sensor that determines the actual temperature in the system.
  • Internal control methods try to control the heating burner or its combustion flame so that the actual temperature corresponds as closely as possible to the setpoint temperature.
  • the reaction time of the entire heating system is relatively sluggish, the setpoint requirements constantly vary and an efficient and maintenance-free heating is required.
  • a high efficiency of the heating burner and a low-emission and soot-free burning of the fuel used in each case is required in the commercial heating burners.
  • an area is set around the desired setpoint temperature.
  • the heating burner only knows two states. In a burning status, unregulated fuel is burned and heat energy is produced. In a switched-off state, no fuel is burned, additional heat energy is not passed on to the heating system. If the actual value falls below the lower interval limit of the setpoint, the heating burner is ignited and burns until the actual value exceeds the upper limit of the interval. The burner is then switched off again and remains in this state until the actual value specifies that a renewed ignition is necessary.
  • An actual temperature curve, as it usually arises in a heating burner with an intermetierenden method can the FIG. 4a be removed.
  • the intermingling method has the disadvantage that in order to ensure low-emission combustion and the calorific value of the fuel optimally exploiting combustion, the interval length is chosen to be relatively generous and, in addition, because of the possibly long reaction time hysteresis occurs. Therefore, there is a strong over- and under-regulation that affects the quality and efficiency of the system. On the one hand, only the heat energy that is really desired is rarely delivered; on the other hand, the excessive overriding of the actual power increases the heat loss in the piping systems and leads to wear (eg calcification). Heating burners with intermittent combustion are off US 4,922,861 and EP0 884 532 known.
  • the modulating process regulates the heating power in the same way as the actual value of the temperature in the system.
  • the fuel supply can be regulated within the scope of a control range.
  • the control range is finite, if the control range is exceeded or not reached, the intermittent procedure must be changed. The disadvantages mentioned in this method occur in the same way, if not even stronger.
  • control variables for example, air supply and fuel supply
  • the central idea of the invention is that the control device ignites the fuel at regular intervals and operates a combustion flame at a predefined power.
  • the heating power produced by the heating burner is only regulated by the respective burning time, ie the adjustable burning interval.
  • the controller need only distinguish three phases within a firing interval, an initialization phase in which the firing power is ramped up to a predefined value, a constant firing phase in which the firing power is maintained at a constant value, and a stop phase in which the firing Burning power is reduced back to almost zero.
  • the control device can thus be designed so that it optimally operates the actuators for these three phases in such a way that an efficient combustion of the fuel is ensured.
  • the control device of the actuators is particularly the regulation of the fuel-air ratio decide, therefore, according to the invention, at least the flow rate of the fuel conveyor freely adjustable.
  • the ignition intervals are less than or equal to 60 seconds.
  • a fast reaction of the heating burner is thus ensured and the actual output of the heating burner adapts optimally to the target power. An overshoot and undershoot the heating power can be avoided.
  • the fuel is a liquid fuel, especially rapeseed oil or other natural oils.
  • the actuators comprise a motor which sets a truncated cone in rotational movements about its longitudinal axis such that fuel introduced into the truncated cone via an inlet opening escapes at an outlet opening due to the centrifugal force and is atomized.
  • the truncated cone is thus a cylindrically shaped tube through which at the inlet, where the tube has the smaller diameter, fuel is introduced, which is driven due to the rotation in the direction of the outlet opening. If the truncated cone is driven fast enough, the fuel emerging at the outlet opening will be atomized due to the centrifugal forces acting on it. Long-chain liquid fuels crack the molecular chains.
  • the ignition device comprises a heat return, which is made of thermally conductive material and emits heat occurring in a combustion of the fuel to nachströmenden fuel.
  • the heat recovery may be, for example, a rod, an internally-powered, motor-driven impeller, or other construction suitable for dissipating some of the heat generated during the combustion of the fuel. This derivation takes place in the direction of a fuel supply line.
  • the inflowing fuel can be heated to just below the ignition temperature without the provision of additional preheaters.
  • this heat recovery is at least partially arranged in the interior of the above-described hollow cylinder, the outlet opening towering.
  • the heat generated at the outlet opening of the truncated cone is transported away in the direction of the inlet opening of the truncated cone.
  • the fuel can be preheated to temperatures above the ignition point. Only at the exit from the truncated cone through the outlet opening it comes to the inflammation.
  • the ignition device preferably comprises a preheater, which heats the fuel to ignition temperature. Since there is not enough burning power outside the firing interval to sufficiently preheat the inflowing fuel in the initialization interval, it is helpful to provide external preheating. Preheating can be ohmic or inductive. It is crucial that the preheating is controllable by the control device and is regulated according to the phases.
  • the preheating comprises a heating coil which surrounds the truncated cone.
  • the fuel is heated indirectly via the truncated cone.
  • the control device is designed such that it controls the fuel delivery device and the air conveyor so that during the firing interval, preferably in an initialization and initialization phase and a stop interval or stop phase, there is a substantially constant air-fuel ratio at the ignition device.
  • the air-fuel ratio can be chosen so that the most efficient and particularly soot-free combustion of the fuel is ensured. Because of this type of intelligent control device, the heating burner rarely needs servicing and ensures efficient fuel utilization despite the frequent relight.
  • the heating burner has an air flow sensor for determining the delivery rate of the air delivery device.
  • the control device can thus not only control the air required for igniting and burning the fuel according to a preset mode, but also regulate it as needed.
  • air flow sensors various temperature sensors for both fuel and air as well as flow sensors for the flow rate of the fuel can be provided.
  • the control device adjusts the actuators, in particular the fuel pump or conveying device and the air conveying device, in such a way that outside the firing interval a pilot flame is present. A reignition of the fuel is thus not necessary and a sufficiently powerful device for this need not be provided.
  • the pilot flame may also serve to provide heat for preheating fuel and thus ensure efficient burning of the fuel throughout the ignition interval.
  • control device is designed such that, in order to supply the pilot flame, it controls the fuel pump outside the firing interval so that less than one percent, preferably less than one per thousand, of the maximum delivery rate of the fuel pump is conveyed.
  • An inventive heating burner can in the FIG. 1a include components shown.
  • a central unit of the heating burner forms the control device 10.
  • This is connected to a plurality of actuators, in the present example an ignition device 50, an atomizer 70, an air conveyor 80, a fuel conveyor 20, a cracking device 30 and a preheater 40.
  • the control device 10 of the heating burner controls or controls the respective actuators such that an efficient burning, ignition and down rules or deletion of the fuel is ensured. Efficient in this case means that the calorific value of the fuel is utilized optimally while a low-pollution and soot-free combustion is ensured, so that maintenance of the heating burner according to the invention is rarely necessary.
  • the control device 10 receives signals from a plurality of sensors 60. These sensors 60 comprise at least one primary sensor, by means of which the control device can determine an actual temperature of the system to be heated.
  • this primary sensor is a heating water temperature sensor 65, which determines the temperature of a heated by the heating burner heat cycle.
  • the control device is designed such that it can determine a difference between the actual temperature and a setpoint temperature and regulates the actuators in such a way that this difference is as small as possible at any point in time.
  • the heating burner according to the invention has a very low number of states, namely the ignition of fuel, the burning of fuel, the extinction of the combustion flame or the reduction of the combustion flame and an idle without combustion flame or with a reduced combustion flame, a preconfiguration of the control device 10 is conceivable.
  • This preconfiguration determines, for each of the states mentioned, optimal parameters for controlling the actuators.
  • the sensors 60 additionally include an air temperature sensor 61, an air flow sensor 62, a fuel temperature sensor 63, and a fuel flow sensor 64.
  • the fuel flow sensor 64 and the air flow sensor 62 provide signals to the controller 10 allowing it to draw conclusions about the performance of the engine Fuel conveyor 20 and the air conveyor 80 to pull.
  • the air temperature sensor 61 and the fuel temperature sensor 63 help the controller 10 to control the preheater 40 so that optimum combustion of the fuel occurs.
  • a combustion chamber 1 comprises, as shown schematically in FIG. 2 illustrated two leads.
  • the fuel to be combusted is rapeseed oil.
  • the fuel is stored in a fuel tank 24 and conveyed via the fuel line 21 by means of a fuel delivery device 20 to the combustion chamber 1.
  • the crude oil passes through a preheater 40, which heats the fuel for easier ignition, and a cracker 30, which processes the fuel.
  • Another functional unit, an atomizer 70 is provided directly on the combustion chamber 1 and mixes the fuel with the air supplied via the air line 81.
  • An ignition device 50 ensures the ignition of the air fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. 1
  • the preheating device 40 thus assumes the functionality of the ignition device 50.
  • FIG. 3 shows the structure of in FIG. 2 schematically illustrated embodiment of the heating burner according to the invention.
  • the air line 81 is in the form of a generously sized tube.
  • the fuel pipe 21 passes through the outer wall of the air pipe 81 and continues inside the same.
  • the fuel line 21 and the air line 81 are still separated from each other.
  • a first opening of the fuel line 21 opens into the fuel tank 24 from which the fuel is conveyed to a second opening of the fuel line 21.
  • This second opening closes in the interior of the air line 81 airtight with an inlet opening 35 of a truncated cone 32 from.
  • the truncated cone is driven by a motor 37, not shown, such that the fuel entering via the inlet opening 35 is conveyed inside the hollow truncated cone 32 due to the centrifugal force to an outlet opening 36 which opposes the inlet opening 35, but due to the shape of the Truncated cone 32 has a larger diameter.
  • the motor 37 By applied by the motor 37 centrifugal force introduced into the truncated cone 32 crude oil is both mechanically cracked at a trailing edge along the outlet opening 36 as well as mixed with the brought about the air line 81, the truncated cone 42 surrounding air.
  • the motor 37 and the truncated cone 32 thus form the funktonal units of the atomizer 70 and the cracking device 30 from the FIG. 1a ,
  • the truncated cone 32 is loosely surrounded by a heating coil 44. This heats not only the surrounding the truncated cone air but also the truncated cone 32 itself. Since the truncated cone 32 is made of thermally conductive material, the heat energy of the heating coil 44 is passed on to the fuel inside the truncated cone 32.
  • the heating coil 44 thus has a dual functionality and heats both air and fuel.
  • the preheated fuel ignites as soon as it is mixed with the air.
  • the resulting heat output is not only given off as heating power of the heating burner but to a small extent via a heat return 42, which extends in the form of a metal rod in the interior of the truncated cone, delivered to the inflowing fuel in the truncated cone 32.
  • a fuel conveyor 20 and an air conveyor 80 are in the FIG. 3 not shown, but can be easily provided on or in the fuel line 21 and the air line 81.
  • the actuators are, as in FIG. 1 a shown, connected to the control device 10 and control according to the invention the heating burner, that it controls the combustion flame in a preset preset ignition intervals t Z to a preset fuel output L and maintains it for the duration of the firing interval t B (see FIG. 5a ).
  • the duration of the combustion interval t B is determined by the control device 10 as a function of the heating power to be provided by the heating burner.
  • the FIG. 5a shows a time-burning diagram. Here are three ignition intervals t Z shown. An ignition interval in the selected embodiment has the length of 100 seconds.
  • the control unit thus regulates the burning power L to a preset level every 100 seconds. And keeps this higher burning power L during the firing interval t B.
  • the control device 10 (cf. FIG. 1a ) is designed such that it determines the length of the firing interval t B for the optimum heating power required at the respective time.
  • the control device 10 determines that approximately 60% of the maximum power is required for an optimum heating power in a second ignition interval t Z. Accordingly, the firing interval t B is about 60 seconds in this second firing interval t Z.
  • FIG. 5b shows a time-burning power diagram of the first ignition interval t Z from FIG. 5a the length of the firing interval t B is, as already mentioned, 20 seconds.
  • the start or stop phase ie the period in which the control device 10 up-regulates the firing power L to the preset high level or downshifts it, is referred to as the initialization interval t I or the stop interval t S.
  • a constant fuel Oxygen ratio in these phases is particularly crucial.
  • the controller 10 controls the actuators accordingly.
  • FIG. 5a A detailed view of the second ignition interval t Z out FIG. 5a can the time-burning power diagram of the FIG. 5c be removed.
  • This precise control of the heating power allows an improved actual value setting, as shown in the FIG. 4b shown is achieved.
  • the abscissa indicates the time and the ordinate the actual temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Heizbrenner für ein Heizsystem.The present invention relates to a heating burner for a heating system.

Heizbrenner werden für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen herangezogen. Sie dienen zur Beheizung von Gebäuden, Flächen und Flüssigkeiten, sei es für den alltäglichen Gebrauch oder beispielsweise für ein Schwimmbad. Auch wenn die Anforderungen, die in den einzelnen Anwendungsgebieten entstehen, sich teilweise stark unterscheiden, so ist eine Anforderung an den Brenner allen Anwendungsszenarien gemein. Es gilt, zu jedem Zeitpunkt in dem zu beheizenden System eine gewisse geforderte Temperatur einzustellen, wobei die Temperatur über die Zeit stark variieren kann, die Reaktionszeit des Heizbrenners jedoch kurz sein sollte. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass das System häufig träge auf das Beheizen des Brenners reagiert.Heating burners are used for a variety of applications. They are used to heat buildings, surfaces and liquids, whether for everyday use or, for example, for a swimming pool. Even though the requirements that arise in the individual application areas sometimes differ greatly, a requirement for the burner is common to all application scenarios. It is necessary to set a certain required temperature at any time in the system to be heated, wherein the temperature can vary greatly over time, but the reaction time of the heating burner should be short. To make matters worse, the system often reacts lazily to the heating of the burner.

Um dieser Anforderung zu begegnen, verfügen die meisten Heizbrenner über einen Eingang, der die gewünschte Solltemperatur festlegt, sowie über mindestens einen Sensor, der Isttemperatur im Systems bestimmt. Interne Regelverfahren versuchen den Heizbrenner bzw. dessen Verbrennungsflamme so zu steuern, dass die Isttemperatur möglichst genau der Solltemperatur entspricht. Bei dieser Regelung gilt es, wie gesagt, zu beachten, dass die Reaktionszeit des gesamten Heizsystems relativ träge ist, die Sollwertanforderungen ständig variieren und ein effizientes und wartungsfreies Heizen gefordert wird. Ein hoher Wirkungsgrad des Heizbrenners sowie ein abgasarmes und russfreies Verbrennen des jeweilig verwendeten Brennstoffes wird bei den handelsüblichen Heizbrennern vorausgesetzt.To meet this requirement, most of the heating burners have an input that determines the desired setpoint temperature and at least one sensor that determines the actual temperature in the system. Internal control methods try to control the heating burner or its combustion flame so that the actual temperature corresponds as closely as possible to the setpoint temperature. As already mentioned, it should be noted in this regulation that the reaction time of the entire heating system is relatively sluggish, the setpoint requirements constantly vary and an efficient and maintenance-free heating is required. A high efficiency of the heating burner and a low-emission and soot-free burning of the fuel used in each case is required in the commercial heating burners.

Im Wesentlichen unterscheidet man bei der Regelung der Heizbrenner zwischen zwei Verfahren, die entweder einzeln oder in Kombination verwendet werden:

  • das intermetierende Verfahren
  • das modulierende Verfahren
Essentially, the regulation of heating burners distinguishes between two methods, which are used either individually or in combination:
  • the intermingling process
  • the modulating method

Bei der intermetierenden Regelung wird ein Bereich um die gewünschte Sollwerttemperatur festgelegt. Bei der Verbrennung kennt der Heizbrenner lediglich zwei Stati. In einem brennenden Status wird ungeregelt Brennstoff verbrannt und Wärmeenergie produziert. In einem abgeschalteten Status wird kein Brennstoff verbrannt, zusätzliche Wärmeenergie wird nicht an das Heizsystem weitergegeben. Unterschreitet der Istwert die untere Intervallgrenze des Sollwerts, wird der Heizbrenner gezündet und brennt so lange, bis der Istwert die Obergrenze des Intervalls überschreitet. Danach wird der Brenner wieder abgeschaltet und verharrt in diesem Zustand, bis der Istwert festlegt, dass ein erneutes Zünden notwendig ist. Eine Istwert-Temperaturkurve, wie sie üblicherweise bei einem Heizbrenner mit einem intermetierenden Verfahren entstehet kann der Figur 4a entnommen werden. Das intermetierende Verfahren hat den Nachteil, dass um eine schadstoffarme und den Brennwert des Brennstoffs optimal ausnutzende, Verbrennung zu gewährleisten, die Intervalllänge relativ großzügig gewählt wird und zusätzlich auf Grund der eventuell langen Reaktionszeit eine Hysterese auftritt. Daher kommt es zu einer starken Über- und Unterregelung, die die Qualität und die Effizienz des Systems beeinträchtigt. Zum einen wird nur selten genau die Wärmeenergie geliefert, die auch wirklich erwünscht ist, zum anderen erhöht sich durch das starke Übersteuern der Istleistung der Wärmeverlust in den Leitungssystemen und führt zu Verschleiß (z.B. Verkalkung). Heizbrenner mit intermittierender Verbrennung sind aus US 4 922 861 und EP0 884 532 bekannt.In intermittent control, an area is set around the desired setpoint temperature. During combustion, the heating burner only knows two states. In a burning status, unregulated fuel is burned and heat energy is produced. In a switched-off state, no fuel is burned, additional heat energy is not passed on to the heating system. If the actual value falls below the lower interval limit of the setpoint, the heating burner is ignited and burns until the actual value exceeds the upper limit of the interval. The burner is then switched off again and remains in this state until the actual value specifies that a renewed ignition is necessary. An actual temperature curve, as it usually arises in a heating burner with an intermetierenden method can the FIG. 4a be removed. The intermingling method has the disadvantage that in order to ensure low-emission combustion and the calorific value of the fuel optimally exploiting combustion, the interval length is chosen to be relatively generous and, in addition, because of the possibly long reaction time hysteresis occurs. Therefore, there is a strong over- and under-regulation that affects the quality and efficiency of the system. On the one hand, only the heat energy that is really desired is rarely delivered; on the other hand, the excessive overriding of the actual power increases the heat loss in the piping systems and leads to wear (eg calcification). Heating burners with intermittent combustion are off US 4,922,861 and EP0 884 532 known.

Das modulierende Verfahren regelt die Heizleistung analog zu dem Istwert der Temperatur im System. Beispielsweise kann die Brennstoffzufuhr im Rahmen eines Regelbereichs reguliert werden. Da der Regelbereich jedoch endlich ist, muss bei einem Über- oder Unterschreiten des Regelbereichs in das intermetierende Verfahren gewechselt werden. Die bei diesem Verfahren genannten Nachteile treten genauso, wenn nicht noch stärker, auf.The modulating process regulates the heating power in the same way as the actual value of the temperature in the system. For example, the fuel supply can be regulated within the scope of a control range. However, since the control range is finite, if the control range is exceeded or not reached, the intermittent procedure must be changed. The disadvantages mentioned in this method occur in the same way, if not even stronger.

Auch ist es bei diesem Verfahren schwierig, die Regelgrößen (zum Beispiel Luftzufuhr und Brennstoffzufuhr) so zu regeln, dass es über dem gesamten Regelbereich zu einer effizienten, schadstoffarmen Verbrennung kommt.Also, it is difficult in this method, the control variables (for example, air supply and fuel supply) to regulate so that over the entire control range comes to an efficient, low-emission combustion.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Heizbrenner bereitzustellen, der auf effiziente und schadstoffarme Weise eine gewünschte Brennleistung bereitstellt.Based on this prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a heating burner, which provides a desired burning performance in an efficient and low-emission manner.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Heizbrenner gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 löst.The object is achieved by a heating burner according to the features of claim 1.

Die zentrale Idee der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die Steuereinrichtung den Brennstoff in regelmäßigen Abständen entzündet und bei vordefinierter Leistung eine Brennflamme betreibt. Die Heizleistung, die der Heizbrenner produziert, wird lediglich durch die jeweilige Brenndauer also dem einstellbaren Brennintervall reguliert. Im Wesentlichen muss die Steuereinrichtung nur drei Phasen innerhalb eines Brennintervalls unterscheiden, eine Initialisierungsphase, in der die Brennleistung bis auf einen vordefinierten Wert hochgefahren wird, eine konstante Brennphase, in der die Brennleistung auf einem konstanten Wert gehalten wird, und eine Stoppphase, in der die Brennleistung wieder auf fast Null zurückgefahren wird.The central idea of the invention is that the control device ignites the fuel at regular intervals and operates a combustion flame at a predefined power. The heating power produced by the heating burner is only regulated by the respective burning time, ie the adjustable burning interval. In essence, the controller need only distinguish three phases within a firing interval, an initialization phase in which the firing power is ramped up to a predefined value, a constant firing phase in which the firing power is maintained at a constant value, and a stop phase in which the firing Burning power is reduced back to almost zero.

Die Steuereinrichtung kann also so ausgebildet sein, dass sie für diese drei Phasen die Aktuatoren so optimal betreibt, dass ein effizientes Verbrennen des Brennstoffs gewährleistet wird. Bei der Steuereinrichtung der Aktuatoren ist besonders die Regelung des Brennstoff- Luftverhältnisses entscheiden, daher ist erfindungsgemäß zumindest die Fördermenge der Brennstofffördereinrichtung frei einstellbar. Durch das genaue Regeln der Heizleistung kommt es zu geringeren Wärmeverlusten im gesamten Heizsystem, insbesondere in den Leitungen.The control device can thus be designed so that it optimally operates the actuators for these three phases in such a way that an efficient combustion of the fuel is ensured. In the control device of the actuators is particularly the regulation of the fuel-air ratio decide, therefore, according to the invention, at least the flow rate of the fuel conveyor freely adjustable. By precisely controlling the heating power, there is less heat loss in the entire heating system, especially in the pipes.

Vorzugsweise sind die Zündintervalle kleiner gleich 60 Sekunden. Eine schnelle Reaktion des Heizbrenners wird so gewährleistet und die Istleistung des Heizbrenners passt sich optimal an die Sollleistung an. Ein Über- und Unterschwingen der Heizleistung kann vermieden werden.Preferably, the ignition intervals are less than or equal to 60 seconds. A fast reaction of the heating burner is thus ensured and the actual output of the heating burner adapts optimally to the target power. An overshoot and undershoot the heating power can be avoided.

Vorzugsweise ist der Brennstoff ein flüssiger Brennstoff, insbesondere Rapsöl oder andere natürliche Öle.Preferably, the fuel is a liquid fuel, especially rapeseed oil or other natural oils.

Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn die Aktuatoren einen Motor umfassen, der einen Kegelstumpf so in Rotationsbewegungen um dessen Längsachse versetzt, dass über eine Eintrittsöffnung in den Kegelstumpf eingebrachter Brennstoff aufgrund der Zentrifugalkraft an einer Austrittsöffnung austritt und zerstäubt wird. Der Kegelstumpf ist also eine zylindrisch geformte Röhre durch die an der Eintrittsöffnung, dort wo die Röhre den geringeren Durchmesser hat, Brennstoff eingebracht wird, der auf Grund der Rotation in Richtung der Austrittsöffnung getrieben wird. Wird der Kegelstumpf schnell genug angetrieben so wird der an der Austrittsöffnung austretende Brennstoff aufgrund der wirkenden Zentrifugalkräfte zerstäubt. Bei langkettigen flüssigen Brennstoffen kommt es zu einem Cracken der Molekülketten.It is advantageous for the actuators to comprise a motor which sets a truncated cone in rotational movements about its longitudinal axis such that fuel introduced into the truncated cone via an inlet opening escapes at an outlet opening due to the centrifugal force and is atomized. The truncated cone is thus a cylindrically shaped tube through which at the inlet, where the tube has the smaller diameter, fuel is introduced, which is driven due to the rotation in the direction of the outlet opening. If the truncated cone is driven fast enough, the fuel emerging at the outlet opening will be atomized due to the centrifugal forces acting on it. Long-chain liquid fuels crack the molecular chains.

Vorzugsweise umfasst die Zündeinrichtung eine Wärmerückführung, die aus wärmeleitfähigem Material gefertigt ist und bei einer Verbrennung des Brennstoffs auftretende Wärme an nachströmenden Brennstoff abgibt. Die Wärmerückführung kann beispielsweise ein Stab, ein Rohr mit innen liegendem, motorisch betriebenem Flügelrad oder eine andere Konstruktion sein, die dazu geeignet ist, einen Teil der bei der Verbrennung des Brennstoffs auftretenden Wärme abzuleiten. Dieses Ableiten erfolgt in Richtung einer Brennstoffzuführleitung. Somit kann der nachströmende Brennstoff bis knapp unterhalb der Zündtemperatur ohne das Vorsehen von zusätzlichen Vorheizungen erwärmt werden.Preferably, the ignition device comprises a heat return, which is made of thermally conductive material and emits heat occurring in a combustion of the fuel to nachströmenden fuel. The heat recovery may be, for example, a rod, an internally-powered, motor-driven impeller, or other construction suitable for dissipating some of the heat generated during the combustion of the fuel. This derivation takes place in the direction of a fuel supply line. Thus, the inflowing fuel can be heated to just below the ignition temperature without the provision of additional preheaters.

Alternativ ist es auch denkbar den nachströmenden Brennstoff bis auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der jeweiligen Zündtemperatur vorzuheizen, so dass es bei der Zuführung von Luft unmittelbar zum Entzünden des Brennstoffs kommt.Alternatively, it is also conceivable to preheat the inflowing fuel to a temperature above the respective ignition temperature, so that it comes directly to the ignition of the fuel in the supply of air.

Vorzugsweise wird diese Wärmerückführung mindestens abschnittsweise im Inneren des oben beschriebenen Hohlzylinders die Austrittsöffnung überragend angeordnet. Somit wird die an der Austrittsöffnung des Kegelstumpfs entstehende Wärme in Richtung der Eintrittsöffnung des Kegelstumpfs abtransportiert. Da im Inneren des Kegelstumpfs Sauerstoffmangel vorliegt, kann der Brennstoff bis auf Temperaturen oberhalb des Zündpunktes vorgeheizt werden. Erst beim Austritt aus dem Kegelstumpf durch die Austrittsöffnung kommt es zur Entzündung.Preferably, this heat recovery is at least partially arranged in the interior of the above-described hollow cylinder, the outlet opening towering. Thus, the heat generated at the outlet opening of the truncated cone is transported away in the direction of the inlet opening of the truncated cone. Because inside the truncated cone Oxygen deficiency is present, the fuel can be preheated to temperatures above the ignition point. Only at the exit from the truncated cone through the outlet opening it comes to the inflammation.

Insbesondere zum Entzünden des Brennstoffs im Initialisierungsintervall bzw. der Initialisierungsphase, umfasst die Zündeinrichtung bevorzugt eine Vorheizung, die den Brennstoff auf Zündtemperatur aufheizt. Da außerhalb des Brennintervalls nicht genügend Brennleistung vorliegt, um den nachströmenden Brennstoff in dem Initialisierungsintervall ausreichend vorzuheizen, ist es hilfreich eine externe Vorheizung vorzusehen. Die Vorheizung kann ohmsch oder induktiv erfolgen. Entscheidend ist, dass die Vorheizung von der Steuereinrichtung steuerbar ist und gemäß den Phasen geregelt wird.In particular for igniting the fuel in the initialization interval or the initialization phase, the ignition device preferably comprises a preheater, which heats the fuel to ignition temperature. Since there is not enough burning power outside the firing interval to sufficiently preheat the inflowing fuel in the initialization interval, it is helpful to provide external preheating. Preheating can be ohmic or inductive. It is crucial that the preheating is controllable by the control device and is regulated according to the phases.

Vorzugsweise umfasst die Vorheizung eine Heizwendel, die den Kegelstumpf umgibt. Somit wird der Brennstoff indirekt über den Kegelstumpf erhitzt.Preferably, the preheating comprises a heating coil which surrounds the truncated cone. Thus, the fuel is heated indirectly via the truncated cone.

Bevorzugt ist die Steuereinrichtung derart ausgebildet, dass sie die Brennstofffördereinrichtung und die Luftfördereinrichtung derart steuert, dass während des Brennintervalls, vorzugsweise in einem Initialisierungsintervall bzw. Initialisierungsphase und einem Stoppintervall bzw. Stoppphase, ein im Wesentlichen konstantes Luft-Brennstoffverhältnis an der Zündeinrichtung vorliegt. Das Luft-Brennstoff Verhältnis kann so gewählt werden, dass eine möglichst effiziente insbesondere russfreie Verbrennung des Brennstoffs gewährleistet wird. Aufgrund dieser Art von intelligenter Steuereinrichtung muss der Heizbrenner selten gewartet werden und gewährleistet trotz des häufigen Neuentzündens eine effiziente Nutzung des Brennstoffs.Preferably, the control device is designed such that it controls the fuel delivery device and the air conveyor so that during the firing interval, preferably in an initialization and initialization phase and a stop interval or stop phase, there is a substantially constant air-fuel ratio at the ignition device. The air-fuel ratio can be chosen so that the most efficient and particularly soot-free combustion of the fuel is ensured. Because of this type of intelligent control device, the heating burner rarely needs servicing and ensures efficient fuel utilization despite the frequent relight.

Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Heizbrenner einen Luftflusssensor zur Bestimmung der Fördermenge der Luftfördereinrichtung aufweist. Die Steuereinrichtung kann so die für das Entzünden und Brennen des Brennstoffs nötige Luft nicht nur nach einem voreingestellten Modus steuern, sondern je nach Bedarf regeln. Außer Luftflusssensoren können auch diverse Temperaturfühler sowohl für Brennstoff als auch für Luft sowie Flusssensoren für die Fördermenge des Brennstoffs vorgesehen sein.It is advantageous if the heating burner has an air flow sensor for determining the delivery rate of the air delivery device. The control device can thus not only control the air required for igniting and burning the fuel according to a preset mode, but also regulate it as needed. Apart from air flow sensors, various temperature sensors for both fuel and air as well as flow sensors for the flow rate of the fuel can be provided.

Vorzugsweise stellt die Steuereinrichtung die Aktuatoren, insbesondere die Brennstoffpumpe bzw. -fördereinrichtung und die Luftfördereinrichtung, derart ein, dass außerhalb des Brennintervalls eine Pilotflamme vorhanden ist. Ein Neuentzünden des Brennstoffs ist somit nicht notwendig und eine hinreichend leistungsstarke Vorrichtung dafür muss nicht vorgesehen werden. Durch das Halten einer Pilotflamme kann des Weiteren eine explosionsartige Entzündung des Brennstoffs in der Initialisierungsphase vermieden werden. Die Pilotflamme kann auch dazu dienen, Wärme für das Vorheizen von Brennstoff bereitzustellen und somit ein effizientes Verbrennen des Brennstoffs über das gesamte Zündintervall hinweg zu sichern.Preferably, the control device adjusts the actuators, in particular the fuel pump or conveying device and the air conveying device, in such a way that outside the firing interval a pilot flame is present. A reignition of the fuel is thus not necessary and a sufficiently powerful device for this need not be provided. By holding a pilot flame, further, an explosive ignition of the fuel in the initialization phase can be avoided. The pilot flame may also serve to provide heat for preheating fuel and thus ensure efficient burning of the fuel throughout the ignition interval.

Vorzugsweise ist die Steuereinrichtung derart ausgebildet, dass sie zur Versorgung der Pilotflamme die Brennstoffpumpe außerhalb des Brennintervalls so steuert, dass weniger als ein Prozent, vorzugsweise weniger als ein Promille, der maximalen Förderleistung der Brennstoffpumpe gefördert wird.Preferably, the control device is designed such that, in order to supply the pilot flame, it controls the fuel pump outside the firing interval so that less than one percent, preferably less than one per thousand, of the maximum delivery rate of the fuel pump is conveyed.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Nachfolgend werden bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung an Hand von Abbildungen näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen

- Figur 1a
ein Blockdiagramm einer Steuereinrichtung eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizbrenners mit zugehörigen Aktuatoren und Sensoren;
- Figur 1b
einzelne Sensoren der Steuereinrichtung aus Figur 1a;
- Figur 2
die funktionale Anordnung der einzelnen Komponenten eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizbrenners;
- Figur 3
den Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizbrenners;
- Figur 4a
ein Zeit- Temperatur- Diagramm eines Heizbrenners mit intermetierender Regelung;
- Figur 4b
ein Zeit-Temperatur-Diagramm eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizbrenners;
- Figur 5a
die Brennleistung eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizbrenners über mehrere Zündintervalle;
- Figur 5b
die Brennleistung eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizbrenners über ein erstes Zündintervall; und
- Figur 5c
die Brennleistung eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizbrenners über ein zweites Zündintervall.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to figures. Show here
- Figure 1a
a block diagram of a control device of a heating burner according to the invention with associated actuators and sensors;
- Figure 1b
individual sensors of the control device FIG. 1a ;
- Figure 2
the functional arrangement of the individual components of a heating burner according to the invention;
- Figure 3
the structure of a heating burner according to the invention;
- Figure 4a
a time-temperature diagram of a heating burner with intermittent control;
- Figure 4b
a time-temperature diagram of a heating burner according to the invention;
- Figure 5a
the burning power of a heating burner according to the invention over several ignition intervals;
- Figure 5b
the burning power of a heating burner according to the invention over a first ignition interval; and
- Figure 5c
the burning power of a heating burner according to the invention over a second ignition interval.

In der nachfolgenden Beschreibung werden für gleiche und gleich wirkende Teile die selben Bezugsziffern verwendet.In the following description, the same reference numerals are used for the same and the same parts acting.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer Heizbrenner kann die in der Figur 1a dargestellten Komponenten umfassen. Eine zentrale Einheit des Heizbrenners bildet die Steuereinrichtung 10. Diese ist mit mehreren Aktuatoren verbunden, im vorliegenden Beispiel einer Zündeinrichtung 50, einem Zerstäuber 70, einer Luftfördereinrichtung 80, einer Brennstofffördereinrichtung 20, einer Crackervorrichtung 30 und einer Vorheizung 40. Die Steuereinrichtung 10 des Heizbrenners regelt bzw. steuert die jeweiligen Aktuatoren derart, dass ein effizientes Verbrennen, Entzünden und Runterregeln bzw. Löschen des Brennstoffs gewährleistet wird. Effizient bedeutet in diesem Fall, dass der Brennwert des Brennstoffs möglichst optimal ausgenützt wird, während eine schadstoffarme und russfreie Verbrennung gewährleistet wird, sodass eine Wartung des erfindungsgemäßen Heizbrenners selten notwendig ist. Für die Steuerung der Aktuatoren empfängt die Steuereinrichtung 10 Signale von mehreren Sensoren 60. Diese Sensoren 60 umfassen zumindest einen Primärsensor, mittels dessen die Steuereinrichtung eine Isttemperatur des zu beheizenden Systems ermitteln kann.An inventive heating burner can in the FIG. 1a include components shown. A central unit of the heating burner forms the control device 10. This is connected to a plurality of actuators, in the present example an ignition device 50, an atomizer 70, an air conveyor 80, a fuel conveyor 20, a cracking device 30 and a preheater 40. The control device 10 of the heating burner controls or controls the respective actuators such that an efficient burning, ignition and down rules or deletion of the fuel is ensured. Efficient in this case means that the calorific value of the fuel is utilized optimally while a low-pollution and soot-free combustion is ensured, so that maintenance of the heating burner according to the invention is rarely necessary. For the control of the actuators, the control device 10 receives signals from a plurality of sensors 60. These sensors 60 comprise at least one primary sensor, by means of which the control device can determine an actual temperature of the system to be heated.

In dem vorliegenden Heizbrenner ist dieser Primärsensor ein Heizwassertemperaturfühler 65, der die Temperatur eines von dem Heizbrenner beheizten Wärmekreislaufs bestimmt. Die Steuereinrichtung ist derart ausgebildet, dass sie eine Differenz zwischen der Isttemperatur und einer Solltemperatur bestimmen kann und die Aktuatoren derart regelt, dass diese Differenz zu jedem Zeitpunkt möglichst gering ist.In the present heating burner, this primary sensor is a heating water temperature sensor 65, which determines the temperature of a heated by the heating burner heat cycle. The control device is designed such that it can determine a difference between the actual temperature and a setpoint temperature and regulates the actuators in such a way that this difference is as small as possible at any point in time.

Da der erfindungsgemäße Heizbrenner eine sehr geringe Anzahl an Zuständen nämlich das Entzünden von Brennstoff, das Verbrennen von Brennstoff, das Löschen der Brennflamme bzw. das Reduzieren der Brennflamme sowie einen Leerlauf ohne Brennflamme oder mit reduzierter Brennflamme hat, ist eine Vorkonfiguration der Steuereinrichtung 10 denkbar. Diese Vorkonfiguration bestimmt für jeden der genannten Zustände optimale Parameter zum Steuern der Aktuatoren. In dem in Figur 1 a und 1b dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel umfassen die Sensoren 60 zusätzlich einen Lufttemperaturfühler 61, einen Luftflusssensor 62, einen Brennstofftemperaturfühler 63 und einen Brennstoffflusssensor 64. Der Brennstoffflusssensor 64 und der Luftflusssensor 62 liefern an die Steuereinrichtung 10 Signale, die es dieser erlauben, Rückschlüsse über die Leistung der Brennstofffördereinrichtung 20 und der Luftfördereinrichtung 80 zu ziehen. Der Lufttemperaturfühler 61 und der Brennstofftemperaturfühler 63 helfen der Steuereinrichtung 10 die Vorheizung 40, so zu regeln, dass es zu einer optimalen Verbrennung des Brennstoffs kommt.Since the heating burner according to the invention has a very low number of states, namely the ignition of fuel, the burning of fuel, the extinction of the combustion flame or the reduction of the combustion flame and an idle without combustion flame or with a reduced combustion flame, a preconfiguration of the control device 10 is conceivable. This preconfiguration determines, for each of the states mentioned, optimal parameters for controlling the actuators. In the in FIG. 1 1a and 1b, the sensors 60 additionally include an air temperature sensor 61, an air flow sensor 62, a fuel temperature sensor 63, and a fuel flow sensor 64. The fuel flow sensor 64 and the air flow sensor 62 provide signals to the controller 10 allowing it to draw conclusions about the performance of the engine Fuel conveyor 20 and the air conveyor 80 to pull. The air temperature sensor 61 and the fuel temperature sensor 63 help the controller 10 to control the preheater 40 so that optimum combustion of the fuel occurs.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Brennkammer 1 umfasst wie schematisch in Figur 2 dargestellt zwei Zuleitungen. Die eine, eine Brennstoffleitung 21 führt der Brennkammer 1 Brennstoff zu, die andere eine Luftleitung 81 sorgt für den nötigen Sauerstoff bzw. das für die Verbrennung nötige Oxidationsmittel. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich bei dem zu verbrennenden Brennstoff um Rapsöl. Der Brennstoff wird in einem Brennstofftank 24 gelagert und über die Brennstoffleitung 21 mittels einer Brennstofffördereinrichtung 20 zur Brennkammer 1 gefördert. Hierbei passiert das Rohöl eine Vorheizung 40, die den Brennstoff zum leichteren Entzünden erhitzt sowie eine Crackereinrichtung 30, die den Brennstoff aufbereitet. Eine weitere funktionale Einheit, ein Zerstäuber 70, ist unmittelbar an der Brennkammer 1 vorgesehen und vermengt den Brennstoff mit der über die Luftleitung 81 zugeführten Luft. Eine Zündeinrichtung 50 sorgt für das Entzünden des Luftbrennstoffgemisches in der Brennkammer 1.A combustion chamber 1 according to the invention comprises, as shown schematically in FIG FIG. 2 illustrated two leads. The one, a fuel line 21 leads to the combustion chamber 1 fuel, the other an air line 81 provides the necessary oxygen or the necessary oxidation of the combustion agent. In the present embodiment, the fuel to be combusted is rapeseed oil. The fuel is stored in a fuel tank 24 and conveyed via the fuel line 21 by means of a fuel delivery device 20 to the combustion chamber 1. In this case, the crude oil passes through a preheater 40, which heats the fuel for easier ignition, and a cracker 30, which processes the fuel. Another functional unit, an atomizer 70, is provided directly on the combustion chamber 1 and mixes the fuel with the air supplied via the air line 81. An ignition device 50 ensures the ignition of the air fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. 1

Es kann auf eine gesonderte Zündeinrichtung 50 im Inneren der Brennkammer 1 verzichtet werden, wenn die Vorheizung 40 den Brennstoff auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der spezifischen Zündtemperatur erhitzt. Bei einem Vermischen des Brennstoffs mit der Luft kommt es zu einer Selbstentzündung. Die Vorheizeinrichtung 40 übernimmt also die Funktionalität der Zündeinrichtung 50.It can be dispensed with a separate ignition device 50 inside the combustion chamber 1 when the preheater 40 heats the fuel to a temperature above the specific ignition temperature. When the fuel is mixed with the air, it ignites spontaneously. The preheating device 40 thus assumes the functionality of the ignition device 50.

Die Figur 3 zeigt den Aufbau der in Figur 2 schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Heizbrenners. Die Luftleitung 81 liegt in Form einer großzügig bemessenen Röhre vor. An einem Punkt der Luftleitung 81 tritt die Brennstoffleitung 21 durch die Außenwand der Luftleitung 81 und verläuft im Weiteren im Inneren der Selben. Die Brennstoffleitung 21 und die Luftleitung 81 sind nach wie vor von einander getrennt.The FIG. 3 shows the structure of in FIG. 2 schematically illustrated embodiment of the heating burner according to the invention. The air line 81 is in the form of a generously sized tube. At a point of the air pipe 81, the fuel pipe 21 passes through the outer wall of the air pipe 81 and continues inside the same. The fuel line 21 and the air line 81 are still separated from each other.

Eine erste Öffnung der Brennstoffleitung 21 mündet in den Brennstofftank 24 aus dem der Brennstoff zu einer zweiten Öffnung der Brennstoffleitung 21 gefördert wird. Diese zweite Öffnung schließt im Inneren der Luftleitung 81 luftdicht mit einer Eintrittsöffnung 35 eines Kegelstumpfes 32 ab. Der Kegelstumpf wird von einem nicht dargestellten Motor 37 derart angetrieben, dass der über die Eintrittsöffnung 35 eintretende Brennstoff im Inneren des hohlen Kegelstumpfes 32 auf Grund der Zentrifugalkraft zu einer Austrittsöffnung 36 gefördert wird, die der Eintrittsöffnung 35 gegenüber liegt, jedoch auf Grund der Form des Kegelstumpfs 32 einen größeren Durchmesser aufweist. Durch die von dem Motor 37 aufgebrachten Zentrifugalkraft wird das in den Kegelstumpf 32 eingebrachte Rohöl an einer Abrisskante entlang der Austrittsöffnung 36 sowohl mechanisch gekrackt wie auch mit der über die Luftleitung 81 herangebrachten, den Kegelstumpf 42 umgebenden Luft vermischt. Der Motor 37 und der Kegelstumpf 32 bilden also die funktonalen Einheiten des Zerstäubers 70 und der Crackvorrichtung 30 aus der Figur 1a. Der Kegelstumpf 32 ist lose von einer Heizwendel 44 umgeben. Diese heizt nicht nur die den Kegelstumpf umgebende Luft sondern auch den Kegelstumpf 32 selbst. Da der Kegelstumpf 32 aus wärmeleitfähigem Material gefertigt ist, wird die Wärmeenergie der Heizwendel 44 an den Brennstoff im Inneren des Kegelstumpfs 32 weitergegeben. Die Heizwendel 44 hat also eine doppelte Funktionalität und heizt sowohl Luft wie auch Brennstoff vor.A first opening of the fuel line 21 opens into the fuel tank 24 from which the fuel is conveyed to a second opening of the fuel line 21. This second opening closes in the interior of the air line 81 airtight with an inlet opening 35 of a truncated cone 32 from. The truncated cone is driven by a motor 37, not shown, such that the fuel entering via the inlet opening 35 is conveyed inside the hollow truncated cone 32 due to the centrifugal force to an outlet opening 36 which opposes the inlet opening 35, but due to the shape of the Truncated cone 32 has a larger diameter. By applied by the motor 37 centrifugal force introduced into the truncated cone 32 crude oil is both mechanically cracked at a trailing edge along the outlet opening 36 as well as mixed with the brought about the air line 81, the truncated cone 42 surrounding air. The motor 37 and the truncated cone 32 thus form the funktonal units of the atomizer 70 and the cracking device 30 from the FIG. 1a , The truncated cone 32 is loosely surrounded by a heating coil 44. This heats not only the surrounding the truncated cone air but also the truncated cone 32 itself. Since the truncated cone 32 is made of thermally conductive material, the heat energy of the heating coil 44 is passed on to the fuel inside the truncated cone 32. The heating coil 44 thus has a dual functionality and heats both air and fuel.

Der vorgeheizte Brennstoff entzündet sich sobald er mit der Luft vermischt wird. Die hier entstehende Wärmeleistung wird nicht nur als Heizleistung des Heizbrenners abgegeben sondern zu einem geringen Teil über eine Wärmerückführung 42, die sich in Form eines Metallstabs im Inneren des Kegelstumpfes erstreckt, an den nachströmenden Brennstoff in dem Kegelstumpf 32 abgegeben.The preheated fuel ignites as soon as it is mixed with the air. The resulting heat output is not only given off as heating power of the heating burner but to a small extent via a heat return 42, which extends in the form of a metal rod in the interior of the truncated cone, delivered to the inflowing fuel in the truncated cone 32.

Eine Brennstofffördereinrichtung 20 und eine Luftfördereinrichtung 80 (vergleiche Figur 1a) sind in der Figur 3 nicht dargestellt, können aber problemlos an bzw. in der Brennstoffleitung 21 bzw. der Luftleitung 81 vorgesehen werden.A fuel conveyor 20 and an air conveyor 80 (see FIG FIG. 1a ) are in the FIG. 3 not shown, but can be easily provided on or in the fuel line 21 and the air line 81.

Die Aktuatoren sind, wie in Figur 1 a gezeigt, mit der Steuereinrichtung 10 verbunden und steuern erfindungsgemäß den Heizbrenner, dass dieser in konstanten voreingestellten Zündintervallen tZ die Brennflamme auf eine voreingestellte Brennleistung L hoch regelt und diese für die Dauer des Brennintervalls tB aufrecht erhält (vergleiche Figur 5a). Die Dauer des Brennintervalls tB wird von der Steuereinrichtung 10 in Abhängigkeit der von dem Heizbrenner zu leistenden Heizleistung bestimmt. Die Figur 5a zeigt ein Zeit-Brennleistungs-Diagramm. Hier sind drei Zündintervalle tZ dargestellt. Ein Zündintervall hat im gewählten Ausführungsbeispiel die Länge von 100 Sekunden. Die Steuereinrichtung regelt also alle 100 Sekunden die Brennleistung L auf ein voreingestelltes Niveau hoch. Und behält diese höhere Brennleistung L während des regelbaren Brennintervalls tB bei. Die Steuereinrichtung 10 (vergleiche Figur 1a) ist derart ausgebildet, dass sie für die zum jeweiligen Zeitpunkt benötigte optimale Heizleistung die Länge des Brennintervalls tB bestimmt. Im Diagramm der Figur 5a bestimmt die Steuereinrichtung 10 dass ca. 20% der maximalen Heizleistung in einem ersten Zündintervall tZ benötigt wird. Demgemäß regelt sie zum Zeitpunkt t = 0 die Brennleistung L auf das voreingestellte Niveau und hält diese Niveau für ca. 20 Sekunden. Die restlichen 80 Sekunden des ersten Zündintervalls tZ werden die Aktuatoren von der Steuereinrichtung 10 so geregelt, dass die Brennleistung L quasi Null ist. Zum Zeitpunkt t = 100 bestimmt die Steuereinrichtung 10 das für eine optimale Heizleistung in einem zweiten Zündintervall tZ ca. 60% der Maximalleistung nötig ist. Demgemäß ist das Brennintervall tB in diesem zweiten Zündintervall tZ ca. 60 Sekunden lang. Das gleiche gilt für ein drittes Zündintervall tZ das zum Zeitpunkt t = 200 beginnt.The actuators are, as in FIG. 1 a shown, connected to the control device 10 and control according to the invention the heating burner, that it controls the combustion flame in a preset preset ignition intervals t Z to a preset fuel output L and maintains it for the duration of the firing interval t B (see FIG. 5a ). The duration of the combustion interval t B is determined by the control device 10 as a function of the heating power to be provided by the heating burner. The FIG. 5a shows a time-burning diagram. Here are three ignition intervals t Z shown. An ignition interval in the selected embodiment has the length of 100 seconds. The control unit thus regulates the burning power L to a preset level every 100 seconds. And keeps this higher burning power L during the firing interval t B. The control device 10 (cf. FIG. 1a ) is designed such that it determines the length of the firing interval t B for the optimum heating power required at the respective time. In the diagram of FIG. 5a determines the controller 10 that about 20% of the maximum heat output in a first firing interval t Z is needed. Accordingly, at the time t = 0, it controls the burning power L at the preset level and holds that level for about 20 seconds. The remaining 80 seconds of the first firing interval t Z , the actuators are controlled by the controller 10 so that the burning power L is almost zero. At the time t = 100, the control device 10 determines that approximately 60% of the maximum power is required for an optimum heating power in a second ignition interval t Z. Accordingly, the firing interval t B is about 60 seconds in this second firing interval t Z. The same applies to a third ignition interval t Z, which begins at time t = 200.

Figur 5b zeigt ein Zeit-Brennleistungs-Diagramm des ersten Zündintervalls tZ aus Figur 5a die Länge des Brennintervalls tB beträgt wie bereits erwähnt 20 Sekunden. Die Start- bzw. Stoppphase, also der Zeitraum in dem die Steuereinrichtung 10 die Brennleistung L auf das voreingestellte hohe Niveau hochregelt bzw. von diesem runterregelt wird als Initialisierungsintervall tI bzw. Stoppintervall tS bezeichnet. Für eine effiziente und schadstoffarme Verbrennung des erfindungsgemäßen Heizbrenners ist ein konstantes Brennstoff- Sauerstoffverhältnis in diesen Phasen besonders entscheidend. Die Steuereinrichtung 10 regelt die Aktuatoren demgemäß. FIG. 5b shows a time-burning power diagram of the first ignition interval t Z from FIG. 5a the length of the firing interval t B is, as already mentioned, 20 seconds. The start or stop phase, ie the period in which the control device 10 up-regulates the firing power L to the preset high level or downshifts it, is referred to as the initialization interval t I or the stop interval t S. For an efficient and low-emission combustion of the heating burner according to the invention, a constant fuel Oxygen ratio in these phases is particularly crucial. The controller 10 controls the actuators accordingly.

Eine Detailansicht des zweiten Zündintervalls tZ aus Figur 5a kann dem Zeit-Brennleistungs-Diagramm der Figur 5c entnommen werden. Durch diese genaue Steuerung der Heizleistung lässt sich eine verbesserte Istwerteinstellung, wie sie in der Figur 4b gezeigt ist, erzielen. Hier gibt die Abszisse die Zeit und die Ordinate die Isttemperatur an.A detailed view of the second ignition interval t Z out FIG. 5a can the time-burning power diagram of the FIG. 5c be removed. This precise control of the heating power allows an improved actual value setting, as shown in the FIG. 4b shown is achieved. Here the abscissa indicates the time and the ordinate the actual temperature.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Brennkammercombustion chamber
1010
Steuereinrichtungcontrol device
2020
BrennstofffördereinrichtungFuel feeding
2121
Brennstoffleitungfuel line
2424
Brennstofftankfuel tank
3030
CrackervorrichtungCracker device
3232
Kegelstumpftruncated cone
3535
Eintrittsöffnunginlet opening
3636
Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
3737
Motorengine
4040
Vorheizungpreheating
4242
WärmerückführungHeat recovery
4444
Heizwendelheating coil
5050
Zündeinrichtungignition device
6060
Sensorensensors
6161
LufttemperaturfühlerAir temperature sensor
6262
LuftflusssensorAir flow sensor
6363
BrennstofftemperaturfühlerFuel temperature sensor
6464
BrennstoffflusssensorFuel flow sensor
6565
HeizwassertemperaturfühlerHeizwassertemperaturfühler
7070
Zerstäuberatomizer
8080
LuftfördereinrichtungAir conveyor
8181
Luftleitungair line
tB t B
Brennintervallburning interval
tZ t Z
Zündintervallignition interval
t1 t 1
Initialisierungsintervallinitialization interval
ts t s
Stoppintervallstop interval
LL
Brennleistungburning power

Claims (12)

  1. Heating burner for a heating system,
    having a control device (10),
    having at least one primary sensor for determination of a heating output of the heating burner and
    having actuators which include an ignition device (50) for igniting fuel, an air supply device for supplying air for combustion, and a fuel supply device (20) for supplying fuel to the ignition device (50),
    wherein the supply rate of the fuel supply device (20) and/or of the air supply device is substantially freely adjustable, characterised in that the control device (10) so adjusts the actuators that the fuel is ignited in periodically repeating ignition intervals (tZ) and burns for an adjustable burn interval (tB), the heating output being controllable by the control device (10) by means of the length of the burn interval (tB) within the respective ignition interval (tZ).
  2. Heating burner according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the ignition intervals (tZ) are less than or equal to 60 seconds.
  3. Heating burner according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the fuel is a liquid fuel, especially rapeseed oil.
  4. Heating burner according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the actuators include a motor (37) which so causes rotary movement of a truncated cone (32) about its longitudinal axis that, by virtue of the centrifugal force, fuel introduced into the truncated cone (32) by way of an inlet opening (35) exits at an outlet opening (36) and is atomised.
  5. Heating burner according to one of the preceding claims, especially according to claim 4,
    characterised in that
    the ignition device (50) includes a heat return (42) which is made from thermally conductive material and which delivers heat, produced on combustion of the fuel, to fuel that is flowing in subsequently.
  6. Heating burner according to claim 5,
    characterised in that
    the heat return (42) is arranged at least partly inside the truncated cone (32), projecting from the outlet opening (36).
  7. Heating burner according to one of the preceding claims, especially according to one of claims 4 to 6,
    characterised in that
    the ignition device (50) includes a preheating arrangement (40) which heats up the fuel to ignition temperature.
  8. Heating burner according to claim 7,
    characterised in that
    the preheating arrangement (40) includes a heating coil (44) which surrounds the truncated cone (32).
  9. Heating burner according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the control device (10) is so arranged that it controls the fuel supply device (20) and the air supply device (80) so that, during the bum interval (tB), preferably in an initialisation interval (tI) and a stop interval (tS), a substantially constant air/fuel ratio is present at the ignition device (50).
  10. Heating burner according to one of the preceding claims, especially according to claim 9,
    characterised by
    an air flow sensor (62) for determining the supply rate of the air supply device (80).
  11. Heating burner according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the control device (10) so adjusts the actuators, especially the fuel supply device (20) and the air supply device (80), that a pilot flame is present outside the bum interval (tB).
  12. Heating burner according to one of the preceding claims, especially according to claim 11,
    characterised in that
    the control device (10) is so arranged that, for supplying the pilot flame, it controls the fuel supply device (20) outside the bum interval (tB) so that less than 1 %, preferably less than one thousandth, of the maximum supply capacity of the fuel supply device (20) is supplied.
EP06841098A 2006-01-02 2006-12-21 Heating burner Not-in-force EP1971805B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006000620 2006-01-02
DE102006014633A DE102006014633B4 (en) 2006-03-29 2006-03-29 heating burners
PCT/EP2006/012407 WO2007076962A1 (en) 2006-01-02 2006-12-21 Heating burner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1971805A1 EP1971805A1 (en) 2008-09-24
EP1971805B1 true EP1971805B1 (en) 2012-10-31

Family

ID=37834174

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06841098A Not-in-force EP1971805B1 (en) 2006-01-02 2006-12-21 Heating burner

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20080318173A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1971805B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007076962A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11543126B2 (en) 2019-04-08 2023-01-03 Carrier Corporation Method and apparatus for mitigating premix burner combustion tone

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3739812A (en) * 1970-06-18 1973-06-19 Robertshaw Controls Co Fuel control system and control device therefor or the like
US3771724A (en) * 1972-07-19 1973-11-13 Richards Of Rockford Inc Apparatus and process for spraying liquids
DE3524230A1 (en) * 1985-07-06 1987-01-08 Honeywell Bv DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE ROOM TEMPERATURE
KR910000677B1 (en) * 1985-07-15 1991-01-31 도오도오 기기 가부시기가이샤 Multiple-purpose instantaneous gas water heater
JPH03282116A (en) * 1990-03-30 1991-12-12 Toto Ltd Combustion control method for hot water feeder
DE4215995C5 (en) * 1992-05-12 2008-02-21 Suntec Industries France, S.A. Nozzle for oil pressure atomizing burner
JP3282944B2 (en) * 1994-07-18 2002-05-20 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Low NOx burner
GB9503065D0 (en) * 1995-02-16 1995-04-05 British Gas Plc Apparatus for providing an air/fuel mixture to a fully premixed burner
FR2764674B1 (en) * 1997-06-11 1999-07-16 Gaz De France METHOD AND ASSOCIATED DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF A FLUID HEATED BY A BURNER
AU2003220021A1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2004-07-09 New Power Concepts Llc Fuel injector for a liquid fuel burner
DE10342763A1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-07-07 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Gas burner for liquid fuel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1971805A1 (en) 2008-09-24
WO2007076962A1 (en) 2007-07-12
US20080318173A1 (en) 2008-12-25

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