EP1971668A1 - Lead-free aviation fuel - Google Patents

Lead-free aviation fuel

Info

Publication number
EP1971668A1
EP1971668A1 EP06841961A EP06841961A EP1971668A1 EP 1971668 A1 EP1971668 A1 EP 1971668A1 EP 06841961 A EP06841961 A EP 06841961A EP 06841961 A EP06841961 A EP 06841961A EP 1971668 A1 EP1971668 A1 EP 1971668A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition according
weight
ketone
ether
aviation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06841961A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pascale Demoment
Céline VUILLET
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
Original Assignee
Total France SA
Total Raffinage Marketing SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Total France SA, Total Raffinage Marketing SA filed Critical Total France SA
Publication of EP1971668A1 publication Critical patent/EP1971668A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1857—Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
    • C10L1/1883—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom polycarboxylic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C10L1/1905—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/223—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition of aviation gasoline (Avgas) lead-free, intended for aircraft with piston or reciprocating engines.
  • the present invention relates to a high-octane aviation gasoline lead and having very good combustion characteristics.
  • Aviation gasoline is a carefully crafted product subject to stringent regulations that go hand in hand with any aeronautical application.
  • the refinery preparation, aviation gasolines is carried out with bases characterized by both a narrow distillation range and high octane numbers.
  • bases are generally constituted by alkylates, reformates and isopentane cuts, the latter being used in low concentration because of their high volatility.
  • aviation gasolines Before being placed on the market, aviation gasolines must meet other specific physico-chemical characteristics defined by international specifications. Thus, aviation gas must have a low vapor pressure to avoid vapor lock problems at low pressures encountered at altitude and for obvious safety reasons. The final distillation point must be low enough to limit deposits formation and their adverse consequences (power losses, deteriorated cooling).
  • PCI heating value
  • the refiner In order to guarantee the high octane requirements, the refiner generally proceeds, at the stage of manufacture of aviation gasoline, with the addition of an organic lead compound, and more particularly tetraethyl lead (PTE). .
  • PTE tetraethyl lead
  • administrations tend to lower the lead content, or even to remove this additive, because of its harmful nature for the environment and health.
  • the elimination of lead from the aviation gasoline composition becomes an objective to be achieved in the short or medium term.
  • a gasoline for aviation, lead-free, comprising a hydrocarbon compound may be triptane associated with at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon compound, saturated, liquid (4 to 10C) (the base thus obtained n is not an AVGAS base) and further comprising an alkyl ether.
  • the problem of preparing aviation fuels of AVGAS type, lead-free, and having very good combustion characteristics was not solved.
  • US Pat. No. 2,398,197 (of 1943) is described an aviation gasoline containing aniline or alkylaniline and in which are incorporated proportions between about 0.5 and 10% of alkyl ketone 24024 PC
  • EP 910 617 a mixture of an aromatic amine and an alkyltertiobutylether and optionally a manganese compound is added to a broad-boiling alkylate constituting aviation gasoline.
  • Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl is added to aviation gasoline as a substitution for lead.
  • the invention therefore aims at a new composition of unleaded aviation gasoline, intended for piston or reciprocating engine aircraft, made from hydrocarbon bases generally available in an oil refinery, having a subscript. of high octane, in which the organic compounds of the lead have been replaced by various additives, so as to increase their octane number. It is aimed in particular at aviation fuels whose characteristics of PCI (low heating value), vapor pressure (TV), MON and distillation cup, are as close as possible to the specifications adopted for AVGAS 100LL and described in the ASTM D910-4, except lead content.
  • PCI low heating value
  • TV vapor pressure
  • MON MON and distillation cup
  • the subject of the invention is a composition of unleaded aviation gasoline, of MON greater than 100, comprising a major part of a 24024 PC
  • AVGAS base type fuel and a minor portion of at least two compounds, of the group consisting of esters of at least one mono or polycarboxylic acid and at least one alcohol or polyol; by the anhydrides of at least one mono or polycarboxylic acid; by aromatic ethers, with a content greater than 5% by weight and consisting of ketones with a content greater than 10% by weight, as well as their mixtures.
  • composition of aviation gasoline unleaded object of the invention has a sufficiently high octane number, at least equal to 100, a PCI closest to 43.5 MJ / kg, preferably greater than this value, and a vapor pressure at 37.8 ° C preferably varying between 38 and 49 kPa, and is obtained from a mixture of hydrocarbon bases available in refinery in sufficient quantities and additivées.
  • AAVGAS base is intended to mean a mixture of refined bases such as the alkylates resulting for example from the process for the alkylation of isobutane by light olefins, the reformates resulting from the reforming of the direct distillation species and the isopentane.
  • a minor portion is for example between 1 and 40% by weight of the weight of the composition.
  • esters will be obtained from at least one saturated mono or dicarboxylic acid comprising from 1 to 10 carbons, and preferably from 1 and 6 carbons with at least one alcohol or a polyol comprising from 1 to to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the anhydrides will be obtained from mono or dicarboxylic acids comprising 1 to 10 carbons, which may be cyclic or linear, optionally substituted with alkyl groups in linear, branched or cyclic form.
  • the ethers will comprise at least one aromatic ring substituted with at least one ether group comprising from 1 to 10 carbons.
  • the ketones will comprise from 3 to 10 carbons, per linear carbon chain, optionally substituted with alkyl groups in linear, branched or cyclic form.
  • the ester content in the aviation gasoline composition varies from 5 to 30% by weight and more preferably from 10 to 20% by weight in mixture. with another compound.
  • the anhydride content is chosen to be greater than 5% by weight of the composition, and preferably ranges from 5 to 25% by weight.
  • the content of aromatic ether varies from 5 to 30% by weight, and more preferably from 5 to 15% by weight, in a mixture with a second compound.
  • ketone in the composition, its concentration will be chosen greater than 24024 PC
  • composition 10% by weight of the composition, and preferably ranging from 10 to 25% by weight.
  • At least two compounds of different nature chosen from the list of compounds of the invention, will preferably be mixed, preferably from 5 to 25% by weight of the composition of a first compound, and from 25 to
  • 5% by weight of a second compound these ratios may vary upon addition of a third compound.
  • less than 3.5% by weight of at least one optionally alkyl-substituted aromatic amine, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight, can be introduced into the gasoline composition.
  • this aromatic amine comprises at least one amino group linked to at least one aromatic ring, optionally substituted by at least one alkyl of 1 to 10 carbons.
  • compositions according to the invention comprising from 25 to 30% by weight of at least one ester, anhydride, ketone and ether compound in combination with from 0.5 to 3% by weight of aromatic amine are preferred.
  • esters of the invention are chosen from alkyl carboxylates whose alkyl groups comprise from 1 to 6 carbons, preferably from methyl, ethyl or propyl acetates, propionates, butyrates, pentanoates and carbonates.
  • alkyl dimethyl, diethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; tert-butylacetate, methyl pivalate and diethyl carbonate being more particularly preferred.
  • the anhydrides of the invention are chosen from anhydrides of acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids, but also of maleic and succinic acids; pivalic anhydride being preferred.
  • the aromatic ethers according to the invention are chosen from the group consisting of alkylarylethers such as alkylphenylethers, diarylesethers, alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 10 carbons in linear or branched form.
  • alkylarylethers such as alkylphenylethers, diarylesethers, alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 10 carbons in linear or branched form.
  • the preferred ethers are preferably methylphenyl ether or anisole, ethylphenyl ether or phenetole, propylphenyl ether, butylphenyl ether, isopropylphenyl ether,
  • the ketones according to the invention are chosen from symmetrical or unsymmetrical alkylketones of the group consisting of dimethylketone, diethylketone, dipropylketone, dibutylketone, diisobutylketone, dipentylketone, methylethylketone, methylpropylketone, ethylpropylketone, methylbutylketone and methylisobutylketone.
  • the composition according to the invention contains a substituted alkyl aromatic amine, this is chosen from amines comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms per carbon chain and at least one aromatic ring substituted by at least one alkyl comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the ortho (o), meta (m) or para (p) position relative to the amine.
  • a substituted alkyl aromatic amine this is chosen from amines comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms per carbon chain and at least one aromatic ring substituted by at least one alkyl comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the ortho (o), meta (m) or para (p) position relative to the amine.
  • This aromatic amine is chosen from phenylamine, o, m, p-tert-butylphenylamines, o, m, p-methylphenylamines, o, m, p-ethylphenylamine, o, m, p-propylphenylamines, o, m, p-isopropylphenylamines, o, m, p-isobutylphenylamines, 3,5-dimethylphenylamine, 3,4-dimethylphenylamine, 3,5-diethylphenylamine, 3,4-diethylphenylamine, 3,5-dipropylphenylamine, 3,4-dipropylphenylamine, 3,5-methylethylphenylamine, 3,4-methylethylphenylamine.
  • Preferred amines are 3,5- 24024 PC
  • dimethylphenylamine 3,4-dimethylphenylamine, p-methylphenylamine, m-methylphenylaraine or m-ticluidine, p-ethylphenylamine, m-ethylphenylaraine, m-isopropylphenylamine and m-tert-butylphenylamine; m-toluidine being more particularly preferred.
  • the aviation gasoline base composition comprises 25 to 80% by weight of an aviation alkylate, 30 to 5% by weight of aviation reformate and 5 to 25% by weight of isopentane.
  • An aviation alkylate comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins, ideally at least 98.5% by weight, of which at least 65% by weight of C 8 isoparaffins, ideally at least 70% by weight, in particular containing at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight of a mixture of trimethylpentanes, the latter consisting of at least 40% by weight, preferably 40 to 65% by weight, ideally at least 52% by weight of 2 , 2,4 and 2,3,3 trimethylpentane, the respective ratio by weight may vary depending on the manufacturing process from 2/1 to 8/1.
  • An aviation reformate generally consists of a hydrocarbon fraction containing at least 70% by weight, ideally at least 85% by weight of aromatics consisting essentially of toluene (35 to 75% by weight, preferably 45 to 70% by weight), C8 aromatics (15 to 50% by weight of ethylbenzene, and ortho, meta, para-xylene) and C9 aromatics (5 to 25% by weight of propylbenzene, methylethylbenzenes and trimethylbenzenes), the contents absolute and relative proportions of the various components that may vary with the cutting points, the nature of the feedstock sent to the reforming, the type of catalyst used and the operating conditions of the reforming.
  • the MON in particular the MON, the PCI, the vapor pressure (TV) and the distillation cup.
  • an alkyl derived from lead was added up to a maximum of 0.14 g of lead, and preferably 0.08 g. of lead, per liter of aviation gasoline, for example in the form of tetraethyl lead to reach in particular the minimum limit of the NP (performance index) for takeoff.
  • Lead levels are cited by reference to lead measurement methods as described in ASTM D2392 standards.
  • the aviation gasoline according to the invention may contain one or more additives, which the person skilled in the art will be able to easily choose from among the numerous additives conventionally employed for aviation gasolines.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

Lead-free aviation fuel composition with a MON greater than 100, made up of a major component of a fuel made from Avgas and a minor component of at least two compounds from the group of esters of at least one mono-or poly-carboxylic acid and at least one mono- or polyol, anhydrides of a least one mono- or poly-carboxylic acid, preferably aromatic ethers at a level of at least 5% w/w and ketones at a level of more than 10% w/w.

Description

24024 PC24024 PC
ESSENCE AVIATION SANS PLOMBAVIATION GASOLINE WITHOUT LEAD
DOMAINE DE 1 ' INVENTION La présente invention concerne une composition d'essence aviation (Avgas) sans plomb, destinée aux aéronefs à moteurs à pistons ou alternatifs. En particulier, la présente invention a pour objet une essence aviation sans plomb à indice d'octane élevé et ayant de très bonnes caractéristiques de combustion.FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a composition of aviation gasoline (Avgas) lead-free, intended for aircraft with piston or reciprocating engines. In particular, the present invention relates to a high-octane aviation gasoline lead and having very good combustion characteristics.
ARRIERE- PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUEBACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY
L'essence aviation est un produit élaboré avec soin et soumis à des réglementations sévères qui vont de pair avec toute application aéronautique. Ainsi, la préparation en raffinerie, des essences aviation, s'effectue avec des bases caractérisées à la fois par un intervalle de distillation étroit et des indices d'octane élevés. Ces bases sont généralement constituées par des alkylats, des réformats et des coupes isopentane, ces dernières étant utilisées en faible concentration à cause de leur volatilité élevée.Aviation gasoline is a carefully crafted product subject to stringent regulations that go hand in hand with any aeronautical application. Thus, the refinery preparation, aviation gasolines, is carried out with bases characterized by both a narrow distillation range and high octane numbers. These bases are generally constituted by alkylates, reformates and isopentane cuts, the latter being used in low concentration because of their high volatility.
Mais préalablement à leur mise sur le marché, les essences aviation doivent satisfaire à d'autres caractéristiques physico-chimiques précises, définies par des spécifications internationales. Ainsi, les essences aviation doivent présenter une faible tension de vapeur afin d'éviter les problèmes de vaporisation (vapor lock) aux basses pressions rencontrées en altitude et pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité. Le point final de distillation doit être assez bas pour limiter les formations de dépôts et leurs conséquences néfastes (pertes de puissance, refroidissement détérioré) .Before being placed on the market, aviation gasolines must meet other specific physico-chemical characteristics defined by international specifications. Thus, aviation gas must have a low vapor pressure to avoid vapor lock problems at low pressures encountered at altitude and for obvious safety reasons. The final distillation point must be low enough to limit deposits formation and their adverse consequences (power losses, deteriorated cooling).
Elles doivent également présenter un pouvoir calorifique inférieur (PCI) assez élevé afin d'assurer une autonomie la meilleure possible. De plus, comme les essences aviation sont utilisées sur des moteurs offrant de bonnes performances et fonctionnant fréquemment a 24024 PCThey must also have a lower heating value (PCI) high enough to ensure the best possible autonomy. In addition, as aviation gasolines are used on engines offering good performance and operating frequently 24024 PC
charge élevée, c'est à dire dans des conditions proches du cliquetis, on attend de ce type de carburant qu'il présente une très bonne résistance à l ' auto-inflammation. On détermine d'ailleurs pour l'essence aviation deux caractéristiques assimilables à des indices d'octane : l'une, MON ou nombre d'octane moteur, relative au fonctionnement en mélange légèrement pauvre (régime de croisière), l'autre, l'indice de performance (appelé en anglais Performance Number ou PN) , à une utilisation en mélange nettement plus riche (décollage) .high load, ie in conditions close to knock, this type of fuel is expected to have a very good resistance to autoignition. Two characteristics comparable to octane numbers are also determined for aviation gasoline: one, MON or engine octane number, relative to the slightly lean mixture operation (cruising speed), the other, the performance index (called Performance Number (PN), for use in a much richer mixture (takeoff).
Dans l'objectif de garantir les exigences en octane élevées, le raffineur procède généralement, au stade de la fabrication de l'essence aviation, à l'ajout d'un composé organique du plomb, et plus particulièrement du plomb tétra éthyle (PTE) . Or, comme pour les essences pour véhicules terrestres, les administrations tendent à abaisser la teneur en plomb, voire à supprimer cet additif, du fait de son caractère nocif pour l'environnement et la santé. Ainsi, l'élimination du plomb de la composition de l'essence aviation devient un objectif à atteindre à court ou moyen terme.In order to guarantee the high octane requirements, the refiner generally proceeds, at the stage of manufacture of aviation gasoline, with the addition of an organic lead compound, and more particularly tetraethyl lead (PTE). . However, as for gasoline for land vehicles, administrations tend to lower the lead content, or even to remove this additive, because of its harmful nature for the environment and health. Thus, the elimination of lead from the aviation gasoline composition becomes an objective to be achieved in the short or medium term.
Pour remplacer les additifs au plomb, des solutions ont déjà été proposées dans la littérature, comme par exemple en ajoutant d'autres additifs ou composants.To replace lead additives, solutions have already been proposed in the literature, for example by adding other additives or components.
Dans la demande de brevet WO 02/22766 est décrite une essence pour aviation, sans plomb, comprenant un composé hydrocarboné pouvant être le triptane associé a au moins un composé hydrocarboné aliphatique, saturé, liquide (4 à 10C) (la base ainsi obtenue n'est pas une base AVGAS) et comprenant en outre un alkyléther. Le problème de préparer des carburants aviation de type AVGAS, sans plomb, et ayant de très bonnes caractéristiques de combustion n'était pas résolu. Dans le brevet US 2,398,197 (de 1943) est décrite une essence pour aviation contenant de l'aniline ou de 1' alkylaniline et dans laquelle sont incorporées des proportions entre environ 0,5 et 10 % d' alkylcétone 24024 PCIn the patent application WO 02/22766 is described a gasoline for aviation, lead-free, comprising a hydrocarbon compound may be triptane associated with at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon compound, saturated, liquid (4 to 10C) (the base thus obtained n is not an AVGAS base) and further comprising an alkyl ether. The problem of preparing aviation fuels of AVGAS type, lead-free, and having very good combustion characteristics was not solved. In US Pat. No. 2,398,197 (of 1943) is described an aviation gasoline containing aniline or alkylaniline and in which are incorporated proportions between about 0.5 and 10% of alkyl ketone 24024 PC
assymétrique . Cependant le problème de l'invention n'était pas résolu puisque l' AVGAS est seulement connu depuis 1950-1960.asymmetrical. However the problem of the invention was not solved since the AVGAS is only known since 1950-1960.
Dans le brevet EP 697 033, on ajoute une aminé aromatique à une essence aviation sans plomb constituée d' isopentane , d'alkylat et de toluène.In patent EP 697 033, an aromatic amine is added to a lead-free aviation gasoline consisting of isopentane, alkylate and toluene.
Dans le brevet EP 910 617, on ajoute un mélange d'une aminé aromatique et d'un alkyltertiobutyléther, et optionnellement d'un composé du manganèse à un alkylat à large plage d'ébullition constituant l'essence aviation.In EP 910 617, a mixture of an aromatic amine and an alkyltertiobutylether and optionally a manganese compound is added to a broad-boiling alkylate constituting aviation gasoline.
Dans la demande brevet EP 609,089 ont été décrites des essences d'aviation sans plomb, à base d'alkylats, dans lesquelles est ajouté un éther comme de l ' ETBE ou du MTBE ainsi que 0,4 à 0,5 g/gallon de manganèse sous forme de composés cyclopentadiényle manganèse tricarbonyle . Le problème de l'invention n'était pas abordé puisque l'essence décrite n'est pas une base de type AVGAS : elle comprend des alkylats, mais ne comprend pas de réformats, ni d'isomërats. Dans d'autres brevets comme EP 540 297 et EPIn the patent application EP 609,089 have been described lead-free aviation gasolines, based on alkylates, in which an ether is added such as ETBE or MTBE and 0.4 to 0.5 g / gallon of manganese in the form of cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compounds. The problem of the invention was not addressed since the gasoline described is not a base of the AVGAS type: it comprises alkylates, but does not include reformates or isomers. In other patents such as EP 540 297 and EP
609 089, le Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganèse Tricarbonyl (MMT) est ajouté à l'essence aviation en substitution du plomb .609 089, Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) is added to aviation gasoline as a substitution for lead.
Même si ces documents semblent montrer que ces additifs conduisent à une augmentation de l'indice d'octane, cette augmentation demeure insuffisante. On ne montre pas si les caractéristiques de l'essence aviation ainsi obtenue satisfont aux autres exigences concernant le pouvoir calorifique, la tension de vapeur et le domaine de distillation. Par ailleurs, la compatibilité avec le respect de l'environnement de ces différents additifs n'a pas été prouvée.Although these documents seem to show that these additives lead to an increase in the octane number, this increase remains insufficient. It is not shown whether the characteristics of the aviation gasoline thus obtained meet the other requirements concerning heating value, vapor pressure and distillation range. Moreover, the compatibility with respect for the environment of these various additives has not been proven.
D'autres brevets tels que EP 948 584, proposent de jouer sur la composition des bases hydrocarbonées, et en particulier par l'ajout de triptane à la composition d'essence aviation. Mais l'utilisation de telles bases non pétrolières, engendre pour le raffineur, outre leur prix, des difficultés techniques de stockage et de 24024 PCOther patents such as EP 948 584, propose to play on the composition of hydrocarbon bases, and in particular by adding triptane to the aviation gasoline composition. But the use of such non-oil bases, generates for the refiner, besides their price, technical difficulties of storage and 24024 PC
logistique de ces bases générant des coûts supplémentaires à ceux généralement obtenus pour formuler une essence aviation classique à partir d'un mélange de bases hydrocarbonées disponibles dans la raffinerie.logistics of these bases generating additional costs to those generally obtained to formulate a conventional aviation gasoline from a mixture of hydrocarbon bases available in the refinery.
Par ailleurs, l'utilisation d'additifs en remplacement de composés au plomb afin d'améliorer l'indice d'octane, est bien connue pour les essences véhicules terrestres, comme dans les brevets EP 474 342, GB 2 114 596, US 5 032 144 ou US 4 647 292. Néanmoins, l'essence aviation est soumise à des réglementations beaucoup plus sévères que l'essence pour véhicules terrestres, pour des raisons de fiabilité et de sécurité de fonctionnement pendant la phase de décollage et en altitude. Il n'est donc pas évident de réutiliser ces additifs pour l'essence aviation, pour laquelle les contraintes sont beaucoup plus dures que celles requises pour les essences automobiles .Moreover, the use of additives to replace lead compounds to improve the octane number, is well known for terrestrial vehicles, as in EP 474 342, GB 2 114 596, US 5 However, aviation gasoline is subject to far more stringent regulations than gasoline for land vehicles, for reasons of reliability and operational safety during the take-off phase and at altitude. It is therefore not obvious to reuse these additives for aviation gasoline, for which the constraints are much harder than those required for automotive gasolines.
RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Pour répondre à ces impératifs de sélection, l'invention vise donc une nouvelle composition d'essence aviation sans plomb, destinée aux aéronefs à moteurs à pistons ou alternatifs, réalisée à partir de bases hydrocarbonées généralement disponibles dans une raffinerie de pétrole, présentant un indice d'octane élevé, dans lesquelles les composés organiques du plomb ont été remplacés par différents additifs, de façon à augmenter leur indice d'octane. Elle vise notamment des essences aviation dont les caractéristiques de PCI (pouvoir calorifique inférieur) , de tension de vapeur (TV) , de MON et de coupe de distillation, se rapprochent le plus possible des spécifications retenues pour l 'AVGAS 100LL et décrites dans la norme ASTM D910-4, hormis la teneur en plomb.In order to meet these selection requirements, the invention therefore aims at a new composition of unleaded aviation gasoline, intended for piston or reciprocating engine aircraft, made from hydrocarbon bases generally available in an oil refinery, having a subscript. of high octane, in which the organic compounds of the lead have been replaced by various additives, so as to increase their octane number. It is aimed in particular at aviation fuels whose characteristics of PCI (low heating value), vapor pressure (TV), MON and distillation cup, are as close as possible to the specifications adopted for AVGAS 100LL and described in the ASTM D910-4, except lead content.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une composition d'essence aviation sans plomb, de MON supérieur à 100, comprenant une partie majeure d'un 24024 PCFor this purpose, the subject of the invention is a composition of unleaded aviation gasoline, of MON greater than 100, comprising a major part of a 24024 PC
carburant de type base AVGAS, et une partie mineure d'au moins deux composés, du groupe constitué par les esters d'au moins un acide mono ou polycarboxylique et d'au moins un alcool ou un polyol; par les anhydrides d'au moins un acide mono ou polycarboxylique ; par les éthers aromatiques, à une teneur supérieure à 5 % en poids et constitué par les cétones à une teneur supérieure à 10 % en poids, ainsi que leurs mélanges.AVGAS base type fuel, and a minor portion of at least two compounds, of the group consisting of esters of at least one mono or polycarboxylic acid and at least one alcohol or polyol; by the anhydrides of at least one mono or polycarboxylic acid; by aromatic ethers, with a content greater than 5% by weight and consisting of ketones with a content greater than 10% by weight, as well as their mixtures.
La composition d'essence aviation sans plomb objet de l'invention présente un indice d'octane suffisamment élevé, au moins égal à 100, un PCI le plus proche de 43,5 MJ/kg, de préférence supérieur à cette valeur, et une tension de vapeur à 37,8°C variant de préférence entre 38 et 49 kPa, et est obtenue à partir d'un mélange de bases hydrocarbonêes disponibles en raffinerie en quantités suffisantes et additivées.The composition of aviation gasoline unleaded object of the invention has a sufficiently high octane number, at least equal to 100, a PCI closest to 43.5 MJ / kg, preferably greater than this value, and a vapor pressure at 37.8 ° C preferably varying between 38 and 49 kPa, and is obtained from a mixture of hydrocarbon bases available in refinery in sufficient quantities and additivées.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE MODES DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
On entend par base AVGAS, un mélange de bases raffinées telles que les alkylats issus par exemple du procédé d'alkylation de l' isobutane par des oléfines légères, les réformats issu du réformage des essences de distillation directe et l ' isopentane .The term "AVGAS base" is intended to mean a mixture of refined bases such as the alkylates resulting for example from the process for the alkylation of isobutane by light olefins, the reformates resulting from the reforming of the direct distillation species and the isopentane.
Une partie mineure est par exemple entre 1 et 40% en poids du poids de la composition.A minor portion is for example between 1 and 40% by weight of the weight of the composition.
Les avantages de l'invention qui sera décrite plus précisément ci-après sont liés d'une part au choix optimum du mélange de bases hydrocarbonées de type AVGAS présentant le nombre d'octane le plus élevé tout en satisfaisant aux spécifications visées pour le PCI, la Tension de vapeur et la coupe de distillation, et le meilleur compromis du mélange de composés présentant également le meilleur MON, le meilleur PCI, la meilleure tension de vapeur (TV) et une coupe de distillation compatible avec une base de type AVGAS, l'ajout du mélange de composés oxygénés devant dégrader le moins possible les caractéristiques du mélange de type base AVGAS, lui-même. 24024 PCThe advantages of the invention which will be described more precisely below are related firstly to the optimum choice of the mixture of hydrocarbon bases of the AVGAS type having the highest octane number while satisfying the specifications referred to for the PCI, the vapor pressure and the distillation cup, and the best compromise of the compound mixture also having the best MON, the best PCI, the best vapor pressure (TV) and a distillation cup compatible with a base of the AVGAS type, addition of the mixture of oxygenated compounds to degrade as little as possible the characteristics of the base mixture AVGAS itself. 24024 PC
En vue de réaliser l'invention, les esters seront obtenus à partir d'au moins un acide mono ou dicarboxylique saturé comprenant de 1 à 10 carbones, et de préférence de 1 et 6 carbones avec au moins un alcool ou un polyol comprenant de 1 à 10 atomes de carbone.In order to achieve the invention, the esters will be obtained from at least one saturated mono or dicarboxylic acid comprising from 1 to 10 carbons, and preferably from 1 and 6 carbons with at least one alcohol or a polyol comprising from 1 to to 10 carbon atoms.
Les anhydrides seront obtenus à partir d' acides mono ou dicarboxyliques comprenant de 1 à 10 carbones, pouvant être cycliques ou linéaires, éventuellement substitués par des groupements alkyles sous forme linéaire, ramifié ou cyclique.The anhydrides will be obtained from mono or dicarboxylic acids comprising 1 to 10 carbons, which may be cyclic or linear, optionally substituted with alkyl groups in linear, branched or cyclic form.
Les éthers comprendront au moins un cycle aromatique substitué par au moins un groupement éther comprenant de 1 à 10 carbones.The ethers will comprise at least one aromatic ring substituted with at least one ether group comprising from 1 to 10 carbons.
Les cétones comprendront de 3 à 10 carbones, par chaîne linéaire carbonée, éventuellement substituée par des groupements alkyles sous forme linéaire, ramifiée ou cyclique .The ketones will comprise from 3 to 10 carbons, per linear carbon chain, optionally substituted with alkyl groups in linear, branched or cyclic form.
En utilisant ces composés, seuls ou en mélange, on pourra avantageusement introduire dans la composition d'essence aviation selon l'invention jusqu'à 30% en poids d'au moins deux de ces composés.By using these compounds, alone or as a mixture, it is advantageous to introduce into the aviation gasoline composition according to the invention up to 30% by weight of at least two of these compounds.
De préférence pour garantir le respect des spécifications requises pour le carburant aviation selon l'invention, la teneur en ester dans la composition d'essence aviation varie de 5 à 30 % en poids et de façon plus préférentielle de 10 à 20% poids en mélange avec un autre composé.Preferably, to guarantee compliance with the specifications required for the aviation fuel according to the invention, the ester content in the aviation gasoline composition varies from 5 to 30% by weight and more preferably from 10 to 20% by weight in mixture. with another compound.
De même, la teneur en anhydride est choisie supérieure à 5 % en poids de la composition, et de préférence varie de 5 à 25 % en poids.Likewise, the anhydride content is chosen to be greater than 5% by weight of the composition, and preferably ranges from 5 to 25% by weight.
De préférence pour satisfaire les caractéristiques de la composition selon l'invention, la teneur en éther aromatique varie de 5 à 30 % en poids, et de façon plus préférentielle entre 5 et 15% en poids en mélange avec un deuxième composé.Preferably, to satisfy the characteristics of the composition according to the invention, the content of aromatic ether varies from 5 to 30% by weight, and more preferably from 5 to 15% by weight, in a mixture with a second compound.
Pour ce qui concerne l'ajout de cétone dans la composition, sa concentration sera choisie supérieure à 24024 PCAs regards the addition of ketone in the composition, its concentration will be chosen greater than 24024 PC
10 % en poids de la composition, et de préférence variant de 10 à 25 % en poids.10% by weight of the composition, and preferably ranging from 10 to 25% by weight.
Pour réaliser l'invention et optimiser notamment la valeur du MON, on mélangera avantageusement au moins deux composés de nature différente, choisis dans la liste des composés de l'invention, de préférence de 5 à 25% en poids de la composition d'un premier composé, et de 25 àIn order to carry out the invention and in particular to optimize the value of MON, advantageously at least two compounds of different nature, chosen from the list of compounds of the invention, will preferably be mixed, preferably from 5 to 25% by weight of the composition of a first compound, and from 25 to
5% en poids d'un deuxième composé, ces rapports pouvant varier à l'ajout d'un troisième composé. Dans un mode préféré de l'invention, on peut introduire dans la composition d'essence moins de 3,5% en poids d'au moins une aminé aromatique éventuellement alkyl-substituée , de préférence de 0,5 à 3% en poids.5% by weight of a second compound, these ratios may vary upon addition of a third compound. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, less than 3.5% by weight of at least one optionally alkyl-substituted aromatic amine, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight, can be introduced into the gasoline composition.
Avantageusement cette aminé aromatique comprend au moins un groupement aminé lié à au moins un cycle aromatique, éventuellement substitué par au moins un alkyl de 1 à 10 carbones .Advantageously, this aromatic amine comprises at least one amino group linked to at least one aromatic ring, optionally substituted by at least one alkyl of 1 to 10 carbons.
Parmi les compositions selon l'invention les compositions comprenant de 25 à 30% en poids d'au moins un composé de type ester, anhydride, cêtone, éther en combinaison avec de 0,5 a 3 % en poids d'aminé aromatique sont préférées .Among the compositions according to the invention, the compositions comprising from 25 to 30% by weight of at least one ester, anhydride, ketone and ether compound in combination with from 0.5 to 3% by weight of aromatic amine are preferred. .
Plus avantageusement, pour réaliser les combinaisons de l'invention, on choisira la nature des composés comme décrit ci- après.More preferably, to achieve the combinations of the invention, the nature of the compounds will be selected as described below.
Les esters de l'invention sont choisis parmi les alkyls carboxylates dont les groupements alkyles comprennent de 1 à 6 carbones, de préférence parmi les acétates, les propionates, les butyrates, les pentanoates et les carbonates de méthyle, d'éthyle, de propyle, de butyle, de diméthyle, de diéthyle, d' isopropyle, d'isobutyle et de tertiobutyle ; le tertiobutylacétate, le pivalate de méthyle et le diéthyl carbonate étant plus particulièrement préférés. Les anhydrides de l'invention sont choisis parmi les anhydrides des acides acétique, propionique, butyrique, valérique, mais aussi des acides malêique et succinique ; l'anhydride pivalique étant préféré. 24 024 PCThe esters of the invention are chosen from alkyl carboxylates whose alkyl groups comprise from 1 to 6 carbons, preferably from methyl, ethyl or propyl acetates, propionates, butyrates, pentanoates and carbonates. butyl, dimethyl, diethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; tert-butylacetate, methyl pivalate and diethyl carbonate being more particularly preferred. The anhydrides of the invention are chosen from anhydrides of acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids, but also of maleic and succinic acids; pivalic anhydride being preferred. 24,024 PC
Les éthers aromatiques selon l'invention sont choisis dans le groupe constitué par les alkylaryléthers comme les alkylphényléthers , les diaryleséthers , les groupements alkyls comprenant de 1 à 10 carbones sous forme linéaire ou ramifiée. Les éthers préférés sont de préférence le mêthylphényléther ou anisole, 1 ' éthylphényléther ou phénétole, le propylphényléther, le butylphényléther, l' isopropylphényléther,The aromatic ethers according to the invention are chosen from the group consisting of alkylarylethers such as alkylphenylethers, diarylesethers, alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 10 carbons in linear or branched form. The preferred ethers are preferably methylphenyl ether or anisole, ethylphenyl ether or phenetole, propylphenyl ether, butylphenyl ether, isopropylphenyl ether,
1 ' isobutylphényl-éther ; le phénétole étant plus particulièrement préféré.Isobutylphenyl ether; phenetole being more particularly preferred.
Les cétones selon l'invention sont choisies parmi les alkylcétones symétriques ou dissymétriques du groupe constitué par la diméthylcétone, la diéthylcétone, la dipropylcétone , la dibutylcétone, la diisobutylcétone, la dipentylcêtone la méthylëthylcétone, la méthylpropylcétone, l ' éthylpropylcétone , la méthylbutylcétone, la méthylisobutylcétone, 1 ' éthylbutylcétone, l ' éthylisobutyl-cétone, la propylbutylcétone, la propylisobutylcétone, 1 ' isopropylbutylcétone ; la méthylisobutylcétone étant préférée .The ketones according to the invention are chosen from symmetrical or unsymmetrical alkylketones of the group consisting of dimethylketone, diethylketone, dipropylketone, dibutylketone, diisobutylketone, dipentylketone, methylethylketone, methylpropylketone, ethylpropylketone, methylbutylketone and methylisobutylketone. Ethyl butyl ketone, ethyl isobutyl ketone, propyl butyl ketone, propyl isobutyl ketone, isopropyl butyl ketone; methyl isobutyl ketone being preferred.
Lorsque, selon diverses variantes, la composition selon l'invention contient une aminé aromatique alkyl substituée celle-ci est choisie parmi les aminés comprenant de 1 à 5 atomes de carbone par chaîne carbonée et au moins un cycle aromatique substitué par au moins un alkyl comprenant de 1 à 5 atomes de carbone en position ortho (o) , meta (m) ou para (p) par rapport à l'aminé. Cette aminé aromatique est choisie parmi la phénylamine, les o, m, p-tert-butylphénylamines , les o,m,p- méthylphénylamines , les o, m,p-éthylphénylamine , les o,m,p-propylphénylamines, les o,m,p- isσpropylphénylamines , les o, m, p-isobutylphénylamines, la 3 , 5-diméthylphénylamine, la 3 , 4-diméthylylphénylamine, la 3 , 5-diéthylphénylamine, la 3,4- diéthylphénylamine, la 3 , 5-dipropylphénylamine, la 3 , 4-dipropylphênylaτnine, la 3 , 5-méthyléthylphénylamine, la 3 , 4-méthyléthylphényl- amine . Les aminés préférées sont la 3,5- 24024 PCWhen, according to various variants, the composition according to the invention contains a substituted alkyl aromatic amine, this is chosen from amines comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms per carbon chain and at least one aromatic ring substituted by at least one alkyl comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the ortho (o), meta (m) or para (p) position relative to the amine. This aromatic amine is chosen from phenylamine, o, m, p-tert-butylphenylamines, o, m, p-methylphenylamines, o, m, p-ethylphenylamine, o, m, p-propylphenylamines, o, m, p-isopropylphenylamines, o, m, p-isobutylphenylamines, 3,5-dimethylphenylamine, 3,4-dimethylphenylamine, 3,5-diethylphenylamine, 3,4-diethylphenylamine, 3,5-dipropylphenylamine, 3,4-dipropylphenylamine, 3,5-methylethylphenylamine, 3,4-methylethylphenylamine. Preferred amines are 3,5- 24024 PC
diméthylphénylaminé, la 3 , 4-diméthylphénylamine, la p- méthylphénylamine , la m-méthylphénylaraine ou m-tσluidine, la p-éthylphénylamine , la m-éthylphénylaraine, la m- isopropylphénylamine et la m-tert-butylphénylamine ; la m-toluidine étant plus particulièrement préférée.dimethylphenylamine, 3,4-dimethylphenylamine, p-methylphenylamine, m-methylphenylaraine or m-ticluidine, p-ethylphenylamine, m-ethylphenylaraine, m-isopropylphenylamine and m-tert-butylphenylamine; m-toluidine being more particularly preferred.
Avantageusement, la composition de base essence aviation comprend 25 à 80 % en poids d'un alkylat aviation, 30 à 5 % en poids de réformat aviation et 5 à 25 % en poids d' isopentane . Un alkylat aviation comprend au moins 95% en poids d' isoparaffines, idéalement au moins 98,5% en poids, dont au moins 65% en poids d' isoparaffines en C8, idéalement au moins 70% en poids, contenant en particulier au moins 60% en poids, idéalement au moins 70% en poids d'un mélange de triméthylpentanes , ces derniers étant constitués pour au moins 40% en poids de préférence pour 40 à 65% en poids, idéalement au moins de 52% en poids de 2,2,4 et de 2,3,3 triméthylpentane , dont le rapport respectif en poids peut varier en fonction du procédé de fabrication de 2/1 à 8/1.Advantageously, the aviation gasoline base composition comprises 25 to 80% by weight of an aviation alkylate, 30 to 5% by weight of aviation reformate and 5 to 25% by weight of isopentane. An aviation alkylate comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins, ideally at least 98.5% by weight, of which at least 65% by weight of C 8 isoparaffins, ideally at least 70% by weight, in particular containing at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight of a mixture of trimethylpentanes, the latter consisting of at least 40% by weight, preferably 40 to 65% by weight, ideally at least 52% by weight of 2 , 2,4 and 2,3,3 trimethylpentane, the respective ratio by weight may vary depending on the manufacturing process from 2/1 to 8/1.
Un réformat aviation est constitué généralement d'une coupe hydrocarbonée contenant au moins 70% en poids, idéalement au moins 85% en poids d'aromatiques constitués essentiellement de toluène (35 à 75% en poids de préférence 45 à 70% en poids), d'aromatiques en C8 (15 à 50% en poids d' éthylbenzène, et d'ortho, meta, para- xylène) et d'aromatiques en C9 (5 à 25% en poids de propylbenzène, méthyléthylbenzènes et triméthylbenzènes) , les teneurs absolues et proportions relatives des différents composants pouvant varier avec les points de coupe, la nature de la charge envoyée au réformage, le type de catalyseur utilisé et les conditions opératoires du réformage .An aviation reformate generally consists of a hydrocarbon fraction containing at least 70% by weight, ideally at least 85% by weight of aromatics consisting essentially of toluene (35 to 75% by weight, preferably 45 to 70% by weight), C8 aromatics (15 to 50% by weight of ethylbenzene, and ortho, meta, para-xylene) and C9 aromatics (5 to 25% by weight of propylbenzene, methylethylbenzenes and trimethylbenzenes), the contents absolute and relative proportions of the various components that may vary with the cutting points, the nature of the feedstock sent to the reforming, the type of catalyst used and the operating conditions of the reforming.
Comme il a déjà indiqué, on ne sortirait pas du cadre de l'invention si on ajoutait au mélange de base de type AVGAS les quantités nécessaires en toluène et en isooctane afin d'ajuster les caractéristiques du mélange, 24024 PCAs already indicated, it would not be departing from the scope of the invention if the necessary quantities of toluene and isooctane were added to the base mixture of the AVGAS type in order to adjust the characteristics of the mixture, 24024 PC
1010
en particulier le MON, le PCI, la tension de vapeur (TV) et la coupe de distillation.in particular the MON, the PCI, the vapor pressure (TV) and the distillation cup.
On ne sortirait pas du cadre de l'invention, si pour certaines compositions avec ou sans aminé aromatique selon l'invention, on ajoutait un alkyl dérivé du plomb jusqu'à un maximum de 0,14 g de plomb, et de préférence 0.08g de plomb, par litre d'essence aviation, par exemple sous forme de plomb tétraéthyle pour atteindre notamment la limite minimum du PN (indice de performance) pour le décollage.It would not be departing from the scope of the invention if, for certain compositions with or without an aromatic amine according to the invention, an alkyl derived from lead was added up to a maximum of 0.14 g of lead, and preferably 0.08 g. of lead, per liter of aviation gasoline, for example in the form of tetraethyl lead to reach in particular the minimum limit of the NP (performance index) for takeoff.
Les teneurs en plomb sont citées par référence aux méthodes de mesure des teneurs en plomb, décrites dans les normes ASTM D2392Lead levels are cited by reference to lead measurement methods as described in ASTM D2392 standards.
De même, on ne sortirait pas du cadre de l'invention, si dans les mélanges selon l'invention, on ajoutait de 5% à 20% de mono ou dialkyl éthers tels que le diisopropyléther, l ' éthyltertbutyl ëther, le méthyltertbutyl éther, le diméthyléther et le tertamylmêthyléther . Bien entendu pour satisfaire les autres caractéristiques demandées, l'essence aviation selon l'invention peut contenir un ou plusieurs additifs, que l'Homme du métier saura aisément choisir parmi les nombreux additifs classiquement employés pour les essences aviation. Citons notamment, mais de façon non limitative les additifs tels que les antioxydants, les anti-glaces, les additifs antistatiques, les inhibiteurs de corrosion/améliorant de pouvoir lubrifiant, les colorants et leurs mélanges. Dans la suite de la présente description, des exemples sont donnés à titre illustratifs mais ne devant pas être interprétés comme limitatifs de la portée de la présente invention. EXEMPLE Le présent exemple vise à montrer qu'à partir des composés selon l'invention seuls, pris deux à deux ou en mélange avec une aminé aromatique, dans les concentrations revendiquées dans la présente invention, 24024 PCSimilarly, it would not be outside the scope of the invention if, in the mixtures according to the invention, 5% to 20% of mono or dialkyl ethers such as diisopropyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether or methyl tert-butyl ether were added, dimethyl ether and tertamyl methyl ether. Of course, in order to satisfy the other characteristics required, the aviation gasoline according to the invention may contain one or more additives, which the person skilled in the art will be able to easily choose from among the numerous additives conventionally employed for aviation gasolines. These include, but are not limited to, additives such as antioxidants, anti-ice, antistatic additives, corrosion inhibitors / lubricant enhancers, dyes and mixtures thereof. In the following description, examples are given for illustrative purposes but should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention. EXAMPLE The present example is intended to show that from the compounds according to the invention alone, taken in pairs or in admixture with an aromatic amine, in the concentrations claimed in the present invention, 24024 PC
1111
il est possible de fabriquer des essences aviation de type AVGAS dont les spécifications correspondent à celles requises dans la norme ASTM 910-4.it is possible to manufacture AVGAS type aviation gasolines with specifications that correspond to those required by ASTM 910-4.
On opère avec une ou deux bases Bl et B2 dont la composition est donnée ci-après dans le tableau I. One operates with one or two bases B1 and B2 whose composition is given below in Table I.
24024 PC24024 PC
1212
TABLEAU ITABLE I
• TV : tension de vapeur du carburant• TV: fuel vapor pressure
• PN : indice de performance du carburant ou Performance Number déterminé sur moteur CFR selon norme ASTM D909 (F4)• PN: Fuel Performance Index or Performance Number determined on CFR engine according to ASTM D909 (F4)
• PCI : pouvoir calorifique inférieur dont le minimum visé pour l 'AVGAS 100LL est de 43,5 MJ/Kg.• PCI: lower heating value, the minimum target for AVGAS 100LL is 43.5 MJ / Kg.
Plusieurs mélanges de composés ont été testés sur Bl et B2. Chaque essai est référencé Xi dans le tableau II ci-après . 24024 PCSeveral mixtures of compounds have been tested on Bl and B2. Each test is referenced X1 in Table II below. 24024 PC
1313
TABLEAU IITABLE II
On constate ainsi qu'il est possible d'obtenir des essences aviation sans plomb de caractéristiques proches des essences aviation type AVGAS 100LL en ajoutant aux bases classiques les additifs oxygénés selon l'invention.It can thus be seen that it is possible to obtain unleaded aviation gasolines of characteristics similar to AVGAS 100LL type aviation gasolines by adding to the conventional bases the oxygenated additives according to the invention.
En effet, les mélanges qui apparaissent hors spécification en TV (38-49 kPa) peuvent facilement être corrigés en optimisant la composition de la base. Le PN peut atteindre des valeurs supérieures à 130 et le PCI s'approcher de la spécification à environ 10% près.Indeed, mixtures that appear out of specification in TV (38-49 kPa) can easily be corrected by optimizing the composition of the base. The PN can reach values above 130 and the PCI near the specification to about 10%.
Les résultats montrent donc qu' il est possible en jouant sur les différents paramètres d'optimiser les 24024 PCThe results thus show that it is possible by playing on the different parameters to optimize the 24024 PC
1414
compositions pour atteindre le but visé ce qui n'est pas évident au regard de l'art antérieur qui ne mentionne aucune valeur de PN , de PCI ou de TV simultanément.compositions to achieve the goal that is not obvious from the prior art that does not mention any value of PN, PCI or TV simultaneously.
En outre, on montre que l'ajout de plomb n'a pas toujours un effet positif sur les performances des combustibles ainsi obtenus. In addition, it is shown that the addition of lead does not always have a positive effect on the performance of the fuels thus obtained.

Claims

24 024 PC24,024 PC
1515
Revendicationsclaims
1) Composition d'essence aviation sans plomb, de MON supérieur à 100, comprenant une partie majeure d'un carburant de base Avgas , et une partie mineure d'au moins deux composés, du groupe constitué par les esters d'au moins un acide mono ou polycarboxylique et d'au moins un mono alcool ou polyol , par les anhydrides d'au moins un acide mono ou polycarboxylique, par les éthers aromatiques, à une teneur supérieure à 5 % en poids et constitué par les cêtones à une teneur supérieure à 10 % en poids, ainsi que leurs mélanges.(1) A composition of unleaded aviation gasoline, more than 100 MON, comprising a major portion of an Avgas base fuel, and a minor portion of at least two compounds, of the group consisting of esters of at least one mono or polycarboxylic acid and at least one monohydric alcohol or polyol, with the anhydrides of at least one mono or polycarboxylic acid, with the aromatic ethers, at a content greater than 5% by weight, and consisting of the ketones at a greater than 10% by weight, and mixtures thereof.
2) Composition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'ester est obtenu à partir d'acides mono ou dicarboxyliques saturés comprenant de 1 à 10 carbones, et de préférence de 1 à 6 carbones avec un alcool comprenant de 1 à 10 atomes de carbone.2) Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the ester is obtained from saturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids comprising from 1 to 10 carbons, and preferably from 1 to 6 carbons with an alcohol comprising from 1 to 10 atoms of carbon.
3) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'anhydride est obtenu à partir d'acides mono ou dicarboxyliques comprenant de 1 à 10 carbones, pouvant être cycliques ou linéaires, éventuellement substitués par des groupements alkyles sous forme linéaire, ramifié ou cyclique.3) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anhydride is obtained from mono or dicarboxylic acids comprising from 1 to 10 carbons, which may be cyclic or linear, optionally substituted by alkyl groups in the form of linear, branched or cyclic.
4) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l ' éther comprend au moins un cycle aromatique substitué par au moins un groupement éther comprenant de 1 à 10 carbones.4) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ether comprises at least one aromatic ring substituted by at least one ether group comprising from 1 to 10 carbons.
5) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la cétone comprend de 3 à 10 carbones, par chaîne linéaire carbonée, éventuellement substituée par des 24024 PC5) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ketone comprises from 3 to 10 carbons, per linear carbon chain, optionally substituted with 24024 PC
1616
groupements alkyles sous forme linéaire, ramifiée ou cyclique .alkyl groups in linear, branched or cyclic form.
6) Composition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient jusqu'à 30% d'au moins deux composés, dans l'essence aviation.6) Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains up to 30% of at least two compounds in aviation gasoline.
7) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la teneur en ester varie de 5 à 30 %.7) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ester content varies from 5 to 30%.
8) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la teneur en anhydride varie de 5 à 25%.8) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anhydride content ranges from 5 to 25%.
9) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la teneur en éther aromatique varie de 5 a 30 % en poids, et de façon plus préférentielle entre 5 et 15% en poids en mélange avec au moins un deuxième composé.9) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the content of aromatic ether varies from 5 to 30% by weight, and more preferably between 5 and 15% by weight in mixture with at least a second compound .
10) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la teneur en cétone varie de 10 à 25% en poids.10) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ketone content varies from 10 to 25% by weight.
11) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend de 5 à 25 % en poids d'une premier composé et de 25 à 5% en poids d'un deuxième composé.11) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises from 5 to 25% by weight of a first compound and from 25 to 5% by weight of a second compound.
12) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient moins de 3,5% d'au moins une aminé aromatique éventuellement alkyl-substituée , de préférence de 0,5 à 3% en poids.12) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains less than 3.5% of at least one optionally alkyl-substituted aromatic amine, preferably from 0.5 to 3% by weight.
13) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'aminé aromatique comprend au moins un groupement aminé lié à au moins 24024 PC13) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aromatic amine comprises at least one amino group linked to at least 24024 PC
1717
un cycle aromatique, éventuellement substitué par au moins un alkyle de 1 à 10 carbones.an aromatic ring, optionally substituted with at least one alkyl of 1 to 10 carbons.
14) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend de 25 à 30% en poids d'au moins deux composés de type ester, anhydride, cétone, éther en combinaison avec de 0,5 à 3 % en poids d'aminé aromatique.14) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises from 25 to 30% by weight of at least two compounds of ester, anhydride, ketone, ether in combination with 0.5 to 3 % by weight of aromatic amine.
15) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'ester est choisi parmi les acétates, les propionates, les butyrates, les pentanoates et les carbonates, de méthyle, d'êthyle, de propyle, de butyle, de dimëthyle, de diêthyle, d' isopropyle d'isobutyle et de tertiobutyle,- le tertiobutylacétate, le pivalate de méthyle et le diéthylcarbonate étant préférés .15) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ester is chosen from acetates, propionates, butyrates, pentanoates and carbonates, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, dimethyl, diethyl, isopropyl isobutyl and tert-butyl, t-butyl acetate, methyl pivalate and diethyl carbonate being preferred.
16) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'anhydride est choisi parmi les anhydrides d'acides acétique, butyrique, valérique, mais aussi d'acides maléique, succinique; l'anhydride pivalique étant préféré .16) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anhydride is selected from anhydrides of acetic acid, butyric, valeric, but also of maleic acid, succinic; pivalic anhydride being preferred.
17) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l' éther est choisi dans le groupe constitué par les diarylethers et les alkylphényléthers , le groupement alkyle comprenant de 1 à 10 carbones sous forme linéaire ou ramifiée, de préférence, le méthylphényléther ou anisole, l ' éthylphényléther ou phénétole, le propylphényléther , le butylphényléther, l ' isopropylphényl-éther, l ' isobutylphényléther ; le phénétole étant plus particulièrement préféré. 24024 PC17) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ether is chosen from the group consisting of diarylethers and alkylphenyl ethers, the alkyl group comprising from 1 to 10 carbons in linear or branched form, preferably methylphenylether or anisole, ethylphenylether or phenetole, propylphenylether, butylphenylether, isopropylphenylether, isobutylphenylether; phenetole being more particularly preferred. 24024 PC
1818
18) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la cëtone est choisie parmi les alkylcétones symétriques ou dysymétriques, du groupe constitué par la diméthylcétone , la diéthylcétone, la dipropylcétone, la dibutylcétone, la diisobutylcétone, la dipentylcétone, , la méthylëthylcétone, la méthylpropylcétone, l' éthylpropylcétone , la méthylbutylcétone, la méthylisobutyl-cétone, l ' éthylbutylcétone, l ' éthylisobutylcétone, la propyl- butylcétone, la propylisobutyl cétone, l ' isopropylbutylcétone ; la mëthylisobutylcétone étant préférée .18) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ketone is chosen from symmetrical or dysymmetric alkylketones, of the group consisting of dimethylketone, diethylketone, dipropylketone, dibutylketone, diisobutylketone, dipentylketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, ethyl propyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl butyl ketone, ethyl isobutyl ketone, propyl butyl ketone, propyl isobutyl ketone, isopropyl butyl ketone; methyl isobutyl ketone being preferred.
19) Composition selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que l'aminé aromatique est choisie dans le groupe constitué par les aminés comprenant de 1 à 5 atomes de carbone par chaîne carbonée et au moins un cycle aromatique substitué par au moins un alkyl comprenant de 1 à 5 atomes de carbone en position ortho (o) , meta (m) ou para (p) par rapport à l'aminé.19) Composition according to Claim 13, characterized in that the aromatic amine is chosen from the group consisting of amines comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms per carbon chain and at least one aromatic ring substituted by at least one alkyl comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the ortho (o), meta (m) or para (p) position relative to the amine.
20) Composition selon la revendication 19 caractérisée en ce que l'aminé aromatique est choisie dans le groupe constitué par la phénylamine, les o,m,p-tert- butylphénylamines , les o,m, p-méthylphénylamines, les o,m,p- éthylphénylamine, les o, m, p-propylphénylamines , les o, m, p-isopropylphénylamines , les o,m,p- isobutylphénylamines, la 3 , 5-diméthylphênylamine, la 3,4- diméthylylphénylamine, la 3 , 5-diéthylphénylamine , la 3,4- diêthylphénylamine , la 3,5- dipropylphénylamine, la 3,4- dipropylphénylamine, la 3 , 5-méthyléthylphénylamine, la 3,4- méthyléthylphénylamine, la 3,5- diméthylphénylamine et la 3,4- diméthylphénylamine.20) A composition according to claim 19 characterized in that the aromatic amine is selected from the group consisting of phenylamine, o, m, p-tert-butylphenylamines, o, m, p-methylphenylamines, o, m, p-ethylphenylamine, o, m, p-propylphenylamines, o, m, p-isopropylphenylamines, o, m, p-isobutylphenylamines, 3,5-dimethylphenylamine, 3,4-dimethylphenylamine, 3,5-dimethylphenylamine, diethylphenylamine, 3,4-diethylphenylamine, 3,5-dipropylphenylamine, 3,4-dipropylphenylamine, 3,5-methylethylphenylamine, 3,4-methylethylphenylamine, 3,5-dimethylphenylamine and 3,4-dimethylphenylamine .
21) Composition selon les revendications 19 et 20 caractérisée en ce que les aminés choisies sont la p- 24024 PC21) Composition according to claims 19 and 20 characterized in that the amines chosen are the p- 24024 PC
1919
mëthylphénylaminé , la m-métîiylphénylamine ou ra- toluidine, la p-éthylphénylamine, la m- éthylphénylaminé , la ra-isopropylphénylamine et la m- tert-butylphénylamine ; la m-toluidine étant préférée.methylphenylamine, m-methylphenylamine or toluidine, p-ethylphenylamine, m-ethylphenylamine, r-isopropylphenylamine and m-tert-butylphenylamine; m-toluidine being preferred.
22) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit carburant de base essence aviation comprend 25 à 80 % en poids d'un alkylat aviation, 30 à 5 % en poids de réformat aviation et 5 à 25 % en poids d' isopentane .22. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said aviation gasoline base fuel comprises 25 to 80% by weight of an aviation alkylate, 30 to 5% by weight of aviation reformate and 5 to 25% by weight of aviation aviation. weight of isopentane.
23) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit réformât de base essence aviation contient plus de 35% en poids de toluène de préférence entre 45 et 70 % en poids.23) A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said aviation gasoline base reformate contains more than 35% by weight of toluene preferably between 45 and 70% by weight.
24) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit alkylat de base essence aviation contient plus de 40% en poids de 2,2,4 et 2,3,3 trimethylpentanes , de préférence entre 40 et 65% en poids.24) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said aviation gasoline base alkylate contains more than 40% by weight of 2,2,4 and 2,3,3 trimethylpentanes, preferably between 40 and 65% in weight.
25) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un alkyle dérivé du plomb est ajouté jusqu'à un maximum de 0,14 de plomb par litre d'essence aviation ; de préférence jusqu'à 0,08g.25) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an alkyl derivative of lead is added up to a maximum of 0.14 of lead per liter of aviation gasoline; preferably up to 0.08 g.
26) Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient de 5% à 20% de mono ou dialkyl éthers tels que le diisopropyléther , l ' éthyltertbutyl éther, le méthyltertbutyl éther, le dimëthyl éther et le tertamyl méthyléther. 26) Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains from 5% to 20% of mono or dialkyl ethers such as diisopropyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, dimethyl ether and tertamyl methyl ether.
EP06841961A 2005-12-16 2006-12-15 Lead-free aviation fuel Withdrawn EP1971668A1 (en)

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